Parnassius apollo

Parnassius apollo est papilio subfamiliae Parnassiinarum familiae Papilionidarum. Species ob traditionem classicam ex Apollone, uno e duodecim deis Olympicis, appellatur.

Subspecies
Inter subspecies sunt:Smart 1975.Pro indice pleniore subspecierum et singulis de typis speciminum in Museo Britannico (Historia Naturalis), vide Ackery 1973.

 Parnassius apollo apollo  L.
 Parnassius apollo alpherakyi  Krulikowsky, 1906
 Parnassius apollo bartholomaeus Stichel, 1899
 Parnassius apollo democratus Kulikowsky, 1906
 Parnassius apollo filabricus Sagarra, 1933 
 Parnassius apollo gadorensis Rougeot & Capdeville, 1969 (Sierra de Gádor). Exstincta.
 Parnassius apollo geminus Schawerda, 1907
 Parnassius apollo graecus Ziegler, 1901
 Parnassius apollo hesebolus Nordmann, 1851
 Parnassius apollo hispanicus Oberthür, 1909 (Hispania media)
 Parnassius apollo limicola' Stichel, 1906
 Parnassius apollo merzbacheri Fruhstorfer, 1906
 Parnassius apollo nevadensis Oberthür, 1891 (Serra Nivata)
 Parnassius apollo provincialis Kheil, 1905
 Parnassius apollo pyrenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896
 Parnassius apollo rhodopensis Markowitsch, 1910 (Graecia, Balcaniae)
 Parnassius apollo rhaeticus Fruhstorfer, 1906
 Parnassius apollo rhea (Poda, 1761)
 Parnassius apollo rubidus Fruhstorfer, 1906
 Parnassius apollo sibiricus Nordmann, 1851
 Parnassius apollo sicilae Oberthür, 1891
 Parnassius apollo valesiacus Fruhstorfer, 1906
 Parnassius apollo vinningensis Stichel, 1899 (Mosella Germaniae)


Haec species colles et alpina continentalium Europae montium prata pascuaque florentia in Hispania, Scandinavia, Europaque Media, in Balcaniis ad Graeciam septentrionalem, atque in Alpibus inter Italiam et Franciam petit..distribution and images Invenitur etiam in nonnullis regionibus Asiae Mediae (Iacutia). Eius habitatio a 400 metris super aequor maris usque ad 2300 metra patet, sed loca supra 1000 metra praeponit.Captain's European Butterfly Guide.

Pinacotheca

Fetum unum in anno habet. Adulti a Maio mense ad Septembrem volant,Still, J. (1996) Butterflies and Moths of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins, London. nectare a floribus effecto vescentes..


Apollo

Notae

Bibliographia
Ackery, P. R. 1973. A list of the type-specimens of Parnassius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 29(1):1—35, 1 pl. interretialis.
Capdeville, Pierre. 1978–1980. Les races géographiques de Parnassius apollo. Sciences Nat, Venette.
Dolek, M., et A. Geyer. 2002. Conserving biodiversity on calcareous grasslands in the Franconian Jura by grazing: a comprehensive approach. Biological Conservation 104:351–60. doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00200-2.
Mérit, Xavier, et Véronique Mérit. 2006. Les Parnassius de France. Bulletin des Lépidoptéristes parisiens 15(33). Lutetae.
Möhn, Edwin. 2005 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world. Pars 23, Papilionidae; XII. Parnassius apollo. Ed. Erich Bauer et Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Cantuariae: Hillside Books. ISBN 9783937783161.
Smart, P. 1975. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World. Londinii: Hamlyn Publishing Group.
Weiss, Jean-Claude. 2005. The Parnassiinae of the World. Pars 4. Cantuariae: Hillside Books. Textus.
Witkowsky, Z., J. Budzik, et A. Kosior. 1992. Restoration of the Apollo butterfly in Pieniny National Park. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą 1992:3–4.

Nexus externi

P. apollo. Lepiforum.de.
Imagines P. apollonis. Consortium pro Barcode Vitae.

Categoria:Fauna Iraniae
Categoria:Fauna Pakistaniae
Categoria:Fauna Turciae
Categoria:Lepidoptera Asiae
Categoria:Lepidoptera Europae
Categoria:Lepidoptera Indiae
Categoria:Parnassius
apollo
Categoria:Taxa 1758
Categoria:Taxa Linnaei