Flavivirus

{{Taxobox
| name = Flavivirus
| image = YellowFeverVirus.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| image_caption = Micrographema per microscopium electronicum viri febris flavae.
| type_species       = Virus febris flavae .
| virus_group        = IV
| familia            = Flaviviridae
| genus              = Flavivirus| subdivision_ranks  = Species
| subdivision        = 
}}Flavivirus (-i, n.) est genus virorum familiae Flaviviridarum. Quod comprehendit virus Nili Occidentalis, virus febris dengue, virus meningoencephalitidis ab ixodidis latae, virus febris flavae, virus Zikanum, et nonnulla alia vira quae encephalitem et alios morbos efficere possunt.Shi 2012.

Appellantur flavivira ex viro febris flavae, typo familiae. Nomen febris flavae ortum est, quia icterum flavum in aegris efficere solet.Prima mentio locutionis febris flavae in manuscripto Doctoris Ioannis Mitchell Virginiensis (1744) legitur; cuius exemplaria Cadwallader Colden, physico NeoEboracensi, et Doctori Beniamino Rush Philadelphiae missa sunt; manuscriptum tandem anno 1814 iterum impressum est: "Account of the Yellow fever which prevailed in Virginia in the years 1737, 1741, and 1742, in a letter to the late Cadwallader Colden, Esq. of New York, from the late John Mitchell, M.D.F.R.S. of Virginia," American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4:181–215; locutio yellow fever in pagina 186 videtur. In pagina 188, Mitchell dicit "the distemper was what is generally called the yellow fever in America"; sed in paginis 191–192, affirmat "I shall consider the cause of the yellowness which is so remarkable in this distemper, as to have given it the name of the Yellow Fever." Hic autem morbus, ut videtur, fuit morbus Weilianus vel hepatitis (Jarcho 1957).

Flavivira nonnulla indicia una partiunt: magnitudinem (40–65 nm), symmetriam (involutam, icosahedralem nucleocapsidalem), acidum nucleicum (sensu positivo, RNA fili unius, circa 10 000–11 000 basium), et speciem in microscopio electronico visam.

Plurima ex his viris transmittuntur per ictum arthropodi infecti, (culicis vel ixodidi), atque ergo arthropod-borne virus, ex locutione Anglica, arbovira describuntur. Infectiones humanae ab his viris effectae usitate sunt leves, quia homines virus replicare plerumque non possunt ad titulos tam altos quam arthropoda iterum infici possunt, ut circulum vitae viralis alant; quam ob rem homines hostes cessationis appellantur. Exceptiones sunt febris flava, febris dengue, virusque Zikanum, quae tamen vectorum inter culices egent, sed hominibus tam accommodantur quam non necessario hostibus inter alia animalia nituntur (quamquam vias transmissionis magni momenti in animalibus iam habent).

Aliae viae transmissionis per arbovira sunt cadavera animalium infectorum tractata, transfusio sanguinis, partus, et consumptio operum lactis non pasteurizati. Transmissio ab animalibus ad homines sine arthropodo vectore intermediato haud probabilis putatur. Exempli gratia, prima febris flavae experimenta hunc morbum non contagiosum esse demonstraverunt.

Nota familiae flavivirorum non arbovira in arthropodis aut vertebratis, sed non in ambobus, regenerare possunt.

Capsida

Notae

Bibliographia
Jarcho, Saul. 1957. John Mitchell, Benjamin Rush, and Yellow fever. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 31(2):132–136.
Kalitzky, Matthias. 2005. Molecular Biology of the Flavivirus. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 190493322X.
Kuno G., G. J. Chang, K. R. Tsuchiya, N. Karabatsos, et C. B. Cropp. 1998. Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. Journal of Virology 72(1):73–83. PMID 9420202. PMC 109351.
Murray, Catherine L., Christopher T. Jones, et Charles M. Rice. Architects of Assembly: roles of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in virion morphogenesis. PMC 2764292.
Shi, Pei-Yong. 2012. Molecular Virology and Control of Flaviviruses. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 9781904455929.
Zanotto, P. M., Ernest A. Gould, George F. Gao, Paul H. Harvey, et Edward C. Holmes. 1996. Population dynamics of flaviviruses revealed by molecular phylogenies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.'' 93(2):548–553. PMID 8570593. PMC 40088. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.2.548.

Nexus externi
"Dengue Fever research," www.nitd.novartis.com (Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases) 
"Depository of dengue virus genomic sequence data," www.dengueinfo.org
"Flavivirus," www.expasy.org (ViralZone)
"Flaviviridae," www.viprbrc.org (Virus Pathogen Database, ViPR)
"Flaviviruses," www.microbiologybytes.com (MicrobiologyBytes)
"Flavivirus 3'UTR stem loop IV," rfam.sanger.ac.uk
"Flavivirus DB element," rfam.sanger.ac.uk
"Flavivirus 3' UTR cis-acting replication element," rfam.sanger.ac.uk
"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) hairpin structure," rfam.sanger.ac.uk

Categoria:Flaviviridae