Yankee

Yankee, etiam forma imminuta Yank, est vocabulum Anglicum cui sunt nonnullae significationes coniunctae, quarum omnes Americanos designant homines. Eius significationes de spatio contextuali dependent. Latissime:
Extra Civitates Foederatas, Yank haud sollemni more adhibetur ad ullum Americanum attingendum, hominibus ex Meridie non exceptis.
Intra Civitates Foederatas, homines ex Septentrionibus usitate attingit, plerumque incolas Boreorientalis, sed praecipue incolas cum Nova Anglia coniunctos, sicut progenies colonorum Novae Angliae colonicae, ubicumque habitant.Schell 1963:121–123. Significatio est res culturae, potius quam res geographica. Dialectos Novae Angliae Yankee vel dialectos Yankee appellatur.Robert Hendrickson, The Facts on File Dictionary of American Regionalisms (Infobase, 2000), 326.  
Intra linguam Anglicam Americanam Meridianam, Yankee Septentrionales vel homines ex regionibus partium Unionis per Bellum Civile Americanum attingit.

Yank haud sollemni more in linguis Britannica et Hibernica praecipue inter Britannos et Australianos gratum est, et aliquando negativa significationes latentes fert. Yank in lingua Anglica Meridiei Civitatum Foederatarum usitate est saltem aliquantum indignum, quamquam minus vehementer cum tempus a Bello Civili Americano transit. 

Aphorismus festivus E. B. White attributus haec discrimina summatim describit:
Alienis, Yankee est Americanus.
Americanis, Yankee est Septentrionalianus.
Septentrionalianis, Yankee est Orientalianus.
Orientalianis, Yankee est Novanglianus.
Novanglianis, Yankee est Monsviridianus.
Et in Monte Viride, Yankee est quis crustum in ientaculum edit.

Alia variatio huius aphorismi in loco versus ultimi legitur: 
Monsviridiano, Yankee est quisque domo extrinseca iam utitur.

Vocabulo etiam sunt nonnullae aliae etymologiae vulgares et festivae.

Ars coquinaria Novae Angliae
Brother Jonathan
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
New York Yankees
Yankee Doodle

Notae

Bibliographia
Generalia
Beals, Carleton. 1970. Our Yankee Heritage: New England's Contribution to American Civilization Freeport Novi Eboraci: Books for Libraries Press. ISBN 0836915933.
Bushman, Richard L. 1967. From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690–1765. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Conforti, Joseph A. 2001. Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century. ISBN 0807826251.
Daniels, Bruce C. 2012. New England Nation: The Country the Puritans Built. Palgrave Macmillan.
Ellis, David M. 1951. The Yankee Invasion of New York 1783–1850. New York History. 32:1–17.
Fischer, David Hackett. 1989. Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America.
Gjerde, Jon. 1999. The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830–1917.
Gray, Susan E. 1996. The Yankee West: Community Life on the Michigan Frontier.
Handlin, Oscar. 1980. Yankees. In Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, ed. Stephan Thernstrom, 1028–1030.
Hill, Ralph Nading. 1960.  Yankee Kingdom: Vermont and New Hampshire.
Holbrook, Stewart H. 1950. Yankee Exodus: An Account of Migration from New England.
Holbrook, Stewart H. 1961. Yankee Loggers: A Recollection of Woodsmen, Cooks, and River Drivers.
Hudson, John C. 1986. Yankeeland in the Middle West.  Journal of Geography 85 (Sept.).
Jensen, Richard. 2005. Yankees. In Encyclopedia of Chicago.
Kleppner, Paul. 1979. The Third Electoral System 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Knights, Peter R. 1991. Yankee Destinies: The Lives of Ordinary Nineteenth-Century Bostonians.
Mathews, Lois Kimball. 1909, 2011. The expansion of New England: the spread of New England settlement and institutions to the Mississippi River, 1620-1865. Bostoniae: New England Historic Genealogical Society. ISBN 9780880822695.
Piersen, William Dillon. 1988. Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England.
Power, Richard Lyle. 1953. Planting Corn Belt Culture.
Rose, Gregory. 2006. Yankees/Yorkers. In The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia, ed. Richard Sisson, 193–195, 714–715, 1094, 1194.
Sedgwick, Ellery. 1994. The Atlantic Monthly, 1857–1909: Yankee Humanism at High Tide and Ebb. Situs interretialis.
Smith, Bradford. 1956. Yankees in Paradise: The New England Impact on Hawaii.
Taylor, William R. 1961, 1979. Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Works Progress Administration. 1937. Massachusetts: A Guide to Its Places and People. Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration of Massachusetts.

Linguistica
Davis, Harold. 1938. On the Origin of Yankee Doodle. American Speech 13(2):93–96. JSTOR.
Fleser, Arthur F. 1966. Coolidge's Delivery: Everybody Liked It. Southern Speech Journal 32(2):98–104. ISSN 00384585.
Kretzschmar, William A. 1994. Handbook of the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States.
Lemay, J. A. Leo. 1976. The American Origins of Yankee Doodle. William and Mary Quarterly 33:435–64. JSTOR.
Logemay, Butsee H. 1929. The Etymology of 'Yankee.' Studies in English Philology in Honor of Frederick Klaeber, 403–413.
Mathews, Mitford M. 1951. A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles.
Mencken, H. L. 1919, 1921. The American Language.
Schell, Ruth. 1963. Swamp Yankee. American Speech 38(2):121–123. JSTOR. doi:10.2307/453288.
Sonneck, Oscar G. 1909. Report on "The Star-Spangled Banner," "Hail Columbia," "America," "Yankee Doodle." 
Stollznow, Karen. 2006. Key Words in the Discourse of Discrimination: A Semantic Analysis. Dissertatio, University of New England.

Nexus externi
Online Etymology Dictionary, www.etymonline.com
"Yankee," www.wordorigins.org

Categoria:Cultura Civitatum Foederatarum
Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum
Categoria:Nova Anglia
Categoria:Verba Anglica