Maccarthismus

Maccarthismus (Anglice McCarthyismHerbertus Block (aka Herblock) vocabulum McCarthyism Anglice primum publicavit in adumbratione in Washington Post die 29 Martii 1950 edita. Aliis linguis variatim; cf. Cechice Mccarthismus) est usus accusationum seditionis vel perduellionis comparandarum et constituendarum sine apta indiciorum cura. Vocabulum etiam significat 'usum affirmationum iniquarum factitandarum vel usum iniquarum rationum investigatoriarum vel interrogatoriarum, praecipue ad dissensionem vel reprehensionem civilem restringendam.'Definitio plenior in hoc dictionario interretiali inveniri potest. Verbum ex aetate in Civitatibus Foederatis ortum est quae Terror Ruber appellari solebat, ab 1950 ad 1956 fere durans, cuius proprietas fuit amplificata repressio politica communistarum, cum propagandis metus eorum potentiae in institutionibus Americanis et in speculatione a procuratoribus Sovieticis effecta. McCarthyismus, vocabulum primum excogitatum ad studia contra communismum reprehendenda Senatoris Iosephi McCarthy, Republicani Visconsiniensis, latiorem significationem mox habebat, nimia conatuum similium describens. Vocabulum McCarthyism nunc generatim adhibetur ad accusationes temerarias et vanas ac ad demagogicos impetus in indoles vel amorem patriae adversariorum politicorum describendos.

Per aetatem Maccarthisticam milia Americanorum, communismi adiuvandi accusati, res investigationum et interrogationum hostilium ante consilia rei publicae et industriorum privatorum facti sunt. Primi tales suspecti erant conducti rei publicae, opifices in industria oblectationis, educatores, et agitatores collegiorum opificum. Contra indicia ancipitia vel dubia investigatores suspicionibus saepe credebant, gradusque minationis per sinistras consociationes vel fides putatas saepe magnopere augebantur. Multi homines quaestum vel curriculum amiserunt; nonnulli in carcerem coniecti sunt, vel etiam sibi mortem consciverunt. Plurimae harum poenarum evenerunt per condemnatorias sententias deinde eversas,Exempli gratia, Yates v. United States (1957) et Watkins v. United States (1957) (Fried 1997:205, 207). leges deinde non constitutionales a curiis declaratas,Exempli gratia, "Levering Oath" lex Californiensis, non constitutionalis anno 1967 declarata (Fried 1997:124). dimissiones ob causas deinde contra leges declaratas,Exempli gratia, Slochower v. Board of Education (1956) (Fried 1997:203). vel actionabiles,Exempli gratia, Faulk vs. AWARE Inc., et al. (1962) (Fried 1997:197). vel modos operandi extra leges qui ad ultimum infames viderentur.

Notissima exempla Maccarthismi sunt orationes, investigationes, et senatoriales cognitiones ipsius senatoris McCarthy; proscriptio Ruscisilvestris, cum cognitionibus a Consilio Agitationum Non Americanarum Camerae Repraesentativorum habitis; et variae agitationes contra communismum a Ministerio Investigationis Foederali effectae, Ioanne Edgaro Hoover duce. McCarthyismus fuit lata et alta societatis et culturae res, quae omnia hominum strata afficiebat, fonsque erat multae dissensionis acris in Civitatibus Foederatis.

 Notabiles victimae Maccarthismi 
Nonnulli ex clarissimis hominibus proscriptis vel homines qui aliam insectationem per aetatem Maccarthismi patiebantur infra perscribuntur:
 Nelson Algren, scriptorPublicatio post contactum Ministerii Investigationis Foederalis prohibitum (Horvath 2005:84).
 Lucille Ball, histrio, ostentatrix, et administrator studii pellicularum.Investigata a Ministerio Investigationis Foederali et ad HUAC vocata quia nomen anno 1936 fautor communista datum erat: Lucille Ball, FBI Records: The Vault, vault.fbi.gov (Federal Bureau of Investigation).
 Alvah Bessie, Legio Abrahami Lincoln, scriptor, scriptor actorum, scriptor ludorum pellicularum, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses
 Elmer Bernstein, compositor et conductorIn Hollywood proscriptio griseo: .
 Leonardus Bernstein, conductor, clavilista, compositorSchrecker 2002:244. 
 David Bohm, physicus et philosophusQuaestus amissus, deportatus (Wang 1999:277–278).
 Bertoldus Brecht, poeta, fabularum scriptor, scriptor ludorum pellicularum
 Archibaldus Brown, Legio Abrahami Lincoln, veteranus Belli Orbis Terrarum II vet, dux unionisIn carcerem coniectus; Actum Landrum-Griffin prospere reiecit: "Obituary", New York Times, 25 Novembris 1990.
 Esther Brunauer, ex Parte Civitatis eiecta.
 Ludovicus Buñuel, director et productor pellicularumBuhle et Wagner 2003a.
 Carolus Chaplin, histrio et directorA gregibus anticommunisticis vexatus; reditus in Civitates Foederatas prohibitus cum iter peregre faciebat (Lev 1999:159).
 Aaron Copland, compositorIn Red Channels proscriptione artificium et ludionum (Schrecker 2002:244).
 Bartley Crum, causidicusIn sua professione proscriptus, sibi mortem conscivit anno 1959 (Bosworth 1998).
 Howardus Da Silva, histrio
 Iulius Dassin, directorIn proscriptione Ruscicilvestre: Buhle et Wagner 2003:105.
 Dolores del Río, histrioA gregibus anticommunisticis vexata; reditus in Civitates Foederatas prohibitus cum iter peregre faciebat, ergo prohibita ne in pellicula Broken Lance ageret (Ramón 1997:44).
 Eduardus Dmytryk, director, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses
 Gulielmus Eduardus Burghardt Du Bois, activista pro iuribus civilibus et auctorDelatus sub Foreign Agents Registration Act (Du Bois 1968).
 Georgius A. Eddy, oeconomus Harvardianus et rationum argentariarum Aerarii Civitatum Foederatarum peritusCraig 2004:496.

 Albertus Einstein, physicus qui Praemium Nobelianum accepit, philosophus, mathematicus, agitatorFred Jerome, The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover's Secret War against the World's Most Famous Scientist (Novi Eboraci: St. Martin's Press, 2002), ISBN 0-312-28856-5.
 Ioannes Eisler, compositorJan Herman, A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood's Most Acclaimed Director, William Wyler (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Da Capo, 1995), ISBN 0-306-80798-X.
 Howardus Fast, scriptorProscriptus, tres menses in carcerem coniectus ob contemptum Congressus: Sabin 1999:75.
 Leo Feuchtwanger, scriptor mythistoriarum et scriptor scaenicusStephan Alexander, Überwacht: Ausgebürgert: Exiliert: Schriftsteller und der Staat (Bielefeld: Aisthesis Verlag, 2007), 36–52, ISBN 978-3-89528-634-6.
 Carolus Foreman, auctor High Noon
 Ioannes Garfield, histrio
 Ioannes Gilford, histrio
 Allen Ginsberg, poeta Aetatis Prostratae
 Ruth Gordon, histrio
 Lee Grant, histrioIn proscriptione Ruscisilvestre: Buhle et Wagner 2003:31.
 Dashiell Hammett, scriptor
 Elizabetha Hawes, designator vestitus, auctor, activista iurum pariumBerch 1988.
 Lillian Hellman, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum
 Dorothea Healey, ordinator collegii opificum, magistratus Factionum Communisticarum Civitatum FoederatarumDennis McLellan, "Dorothy Healey Lifelong Communist Fought for Workers", Los Angeles Times, 8 Augusti 2006. 
 Lena Horne, cantrix
 Langston Hughes, scriptor, poeta, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum
 Marsha Hunt, histrio
 Samuel Jaffe, histrio
 Theodorus Kaghan, legatus"Theodore Kaghan, 77; Was in Foreign Service," New York Times, 11 Augusti 1989.</ref>
 Garson Kanin, scriptor et director
 Daniel Kaye, comoedus, cantor.
 Beniaminus Keen, historicusKeith Haynes (2003), "Benjamin Keen 1913–2002," Hispanic American Historical Review 83(2):357–359.
 Otto Klemperer, conductor et compositorPeter Heyworth, Otto Klemperer: Vol. 2, 1933-1973: His Life and Times (Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-521-24488-6).
 Gypsy Rose Lee, histrio et denudator
 Cornelius Lanczos, mathematicus et physicusLouis Komzsik, The Lanczos Method: Evolution and Application (SIAM, 2003), 79.
 Ring Lardner Jr., scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscicilvenses
 Arthurus Laurents, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum<ref name="Channels">[http://www.authentichistory.com/1946-1960/redchannels/redchannels.html The Authentic History Center: Red Channels, The Blacklist].
 Philippus Loeb, histrioProscriptus et otiosus, sibi mortem anno 1955 conscivit (Fried 1990:156.
 Iosephus Losey, director
 Albertus Maltz, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscicilvenses
 Henricus Mann, mythistoriarum scriptorAlexander Stephan, Im Visier des FBI: deutsche Exilschriftsteller in den Akten amerikanischer Geheimdienste (Metzler, 1995, ISBN 3-476-01381-2).
 Nicolaus Mann, scriptor
 Thomas Mann, mythistoriarum scriptor et commentator qui Praemium Nobelianum accepit
 Burgess Meredith, histrio
 Arthurus Miller, scriptor ludorum et commentator
 Iessica Mitford, auctor et muckraker quae testificari in Congressu recusavit
 Demetrius Mitropoulos, conductor, clavilista, compositorTrotter 1995.
 Zero Mostel, histrio
 Iosephus Needham, biochemicus sinologus, historicus scientiae
 I. Robertus Oppenheimer, physicus, director Propositi ManhatensisSecurity clearance withdrawn (Schrecker 2002:41).
 Dorothea Parker, scriptrix, humorista
 Linus Pauling, chemicus, praemia Nobeliana chemiae et pacisCommeatus diploma identidem denegatum: Thompson et Viruleg 1992.
 Samuel Reber, legatusDean 2001:65, 127, 140.
 Al Richmond, ordinator collegiorum opificum, editorLaudatio, New York Times, 9 Novembris 1987.
 Martinus Ritt, histrio, directorBuhle et Wagner 2003:18.
 Paulus Robeson, histrio, athleta, cantor, scriptor, agitator politicusProscriptus, commeatus diploma revocatum: Marable, McMillian, et Frazier 2003:559.
 Eduardus G. Robinson, histrio
 Waldo Salt, scriptor scaenariusBuhle et Wagner 2003:208.
 Ioanna Seberg, histrioBrodeur 1997:159–165.
 Petrus Seeger, cantor vulgaris, compositor carminum
 Arthurus Shaw, musicus iazzensis, dux grexis, auctor
 Irwin Shaw, scriptor
 Gulielmus L. Shirer, scriptor actorum, auctorNew York Times: Herbert Mitgang, "William L. Shirer, Author, Is Dead at 89."
 Lionel Stander, histrioLawrence Van Gelder, "Lionel Stander Dies at 86; Actor Who Defied Blacklist," New York Times, 2 Decembris 1994.
 Dirk Jan Struik, mathematicus, historicus mathematicaeG. Alberts et W. T. van Est, "Leevensbericht Dirk Jan Struik," Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 7.
 Paulus Sweezy, oeconomus et conditor-editor Monthly ReviewCitatus testis ab Attorney General Novae Hantoniae, delatus ob contemptum curiae: M. J. Heale, McCarthy's Americans: Red Scare Politics in State and Nation, 1935–1965 (University of Georgia Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8203-2026-9), 73.
 Carolus W. Thayer, legatusRobert D. Dean, Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy (Amherst, Massachusettae: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), 141–144.
 Dalton Trumbo, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses 
 Tsien Hsue-shen, physicusCommeatus diploma rescissum, in carcere coniectus: Iris Chang, Thread of the Silkworm (Basic Books, ISN 0465006787).
 Samuel Wanamaker, histrio, director, qui Globe Theatre Londinii refecit
 Orson Welles, histrio, scriptor, director pellicularum
 Eugenius Weltfish, anthropologus ab Universitate Columbiae amotusPrice 2004.

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 

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 Nexus externi 

 Badash, Lawrence. 2007. Science in the McCarthy Period: Training Ground for Scientists as Public Citizens. Oregon State University
 Beyer, Mary, et Michael Beyer. 2006. McCarthyism Today. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Ianuario.
 McCarthyism / The "Red Scare."] Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home. Dwight D. Eisenhower Online Documents. 
 Rusher, William A. 2004. A Closer Look Under The Bed. Claremont Review of Books.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127043835/http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1375/article_detail.asp Textus.

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Categoria:Bellum Frigidum
Categoria:Communismus
Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum