Positivismus

Positivismus est theoria philosophica quae dicit scientia positiva in rebus naturalibus et earum proprietatibus et coniunctionibus fundari. Ergo, data ex experientia sensoria deducta, per rationem et logicam intellecta, est solus omnis scientiaecertae fons. Positivismus affirmat scientiam firmam  (certitudinem vel veritatem) solum in hac scientia derivata inveniri. Data comprobata (facta positiva) ex sensibus accepta indicia empirica agnoscuntur; ergo positivismus in empirismo innitur.John J. Macionis et Linda M. Gerber, Sociology, septima editio Canadiana, Pearson Canada.

Notiones positivismi eorum fontem inveniunt in formulis Ioannis Baptistae Le Rond D'Alembert et Annae Roberti Iacobi Turgot, atque eorum amicorum et discipulorum Iosephi Ludovici Lagrange et Nicolai de Condorcet.

Positivismus habet societatem humanam, sicut mundus physicus, secundum generales leges operari. Scientia introspectiva et declarativa reicitur, sicut metaphysica et theologia. Quamquam enodatio positivistica est materia recurrens in historia cogitationis Occidentalis,Cohen et Maldonado 2007. sententia hodierna ab Augusto Comte philosopho saeculo undevicensimo ineunte excogitata est.. ut mundus physicus per gravitatem et alias leges absolutas, arguit Comte, ita societas operatur,Macionis 2012:11. unde Comte positivismum in Religionem Humanitatis sustulit.

Positivismus est pars antiquae rixae generalis philosophiae et poesis, insigniter a Platone exposita, et deinde recreata certamen scientiarum et humanitatum,Egan, Kieran (1997) The Educated Mind, pp. 115-116: "Positivism is marked by the final recognition that science provides the only valid form of knowledge and that facts are the only possible objects of knowledge; philosophy is thus recognized as essentially no different from science [. . .] Ethics, politics, social interactions, and all other forms of human life about which knowledge was possible would eventually be drawn into the orbit of science [. . .] The positivists' program for mapping the inexorable and immutable laws of matter and society seemed to allow no greater role for the contribution of poets than had Plato. [. . .] What Plato represented as the quarrel between philosophy and poetry is resuscitated in the 'two cultures' quarrel of more recent times between the humanities and the sciences." Plato iudicium poesis ex conspectu philosophiae elaboravit in dialogis  Phaedro 245a, Symposio 209a, Republica 398a, Legibus 817 b-d, et Ionte.Saunders 1987:46. Gulielmus Dilthey fecit ut discrimen Geisteswissenschaft (humanitum) et Naturwissenschaften (scientiae naturalis) populo gratum esset.Wallace 2008:27.

Generalia
Augustus Comte
Gulielmus Dilthey 
Experientialismus
Stephanus Hawking
Petrus Simon Laplace
Religio Humanitatis
Henricus de Saint-Simon
In philosophia
Constructionismus socialis
Philosophia analytica
Alfredus Iulius Ayer
Bertrandus Russell
Theoremata Gödel de imperfectione
Hyperrealitas
Hippolytus Taine
Philosophia historiae
Positivismus logicus
Postpositivismus
Pragmatismus
Vladimir Solovyov
In sociologia
Antipositivismus
Philosophia scientiae socialis
Evolutionismus socialis
Herbertus Spencer
Scientismus

Notae

Bibliographia
Amory, Frederic. 1999. Euclides da Cunha and Brazilian Positivism. Luso-Brazilian Review 36(1):87–94.
Cohen, Louis, et Antonio Maldonado. 2007. Research Methods in Education. British Journal of Educational Studies 55 (4): 9. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8527.2007.00388_4.x.
Giddens, Anthony. 1974. Positivism and Sociology. Londinii: Heinemann.
Gilson, Gregory D., et Irving W. Levinson, eds. 2012. Latin American Positivism: New Historical and Philosophic Essays. Lexington Books.
Kremer-Marietti, Angèle. 1980. L'Anthropologie positiviste d'Auguste Comte. Lutetiae: Librairie Honoré Champion.
Kremer-Marietti, Angèle. 1982. Le positivisme. Collection "Que sais-je?" Lutetiae: PUF.
LeGouis, Catherine. 1997. Positivism and Imagination: Scientism and Its Limits in Emile Hennequin, Wilhelm Scherer, and Dmitril Pisarev. Londinii: Bucknell University Press.
Macionis, John J. 2012. Sociology. Ed. 14a. Bostoniae: Pearson. ISBN 9780205116713.
Mill, John Stuart. Auguste Comte and Positivism.
Mises, Richard von. 1951. Positivism: A Study In Human Understanding. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Pickering, Mary. 1993. Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Rorty, Richard Rorty. 1982. [http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/rorty.htm Consequences of Pragmatism.]
Saunders, T. J. 1987. Introduction to Ion. Londinii: Penguin Books.
Schunk, Dale H. 1991, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008. Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Ed. 5a. Pearson, Merrill Prentice Hall.
Marxists Internet Archive. 2012. "Positivism." 23 Februarii.
Wallace, Edwin R., et John Gach, eds. 2008. Historiography: Medicine and Psychiatry. In History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology: With an Epilogue on Psychiatry, ed. Edwin R. Wallace, IV, et John Gach, 3ff.
Whetsell, Travis, et Patricia M. Shields. The Dynamics of Positivism in the Study of Public Administration: A Brief Intellectual History and Reappraisal. Administration & Society.'' doi:10.1177/0095399713490157.

Nexus externi
Domus Augusti Comte in Francia, www.augustecomte.org
Parana Brasiliae, www.palm.com.br
Portus Alacer Brasiliae, www.positivismors.blogspot.com
Positivistae per orbem terrarum, positivists.org
Posnania Polonia, www.pozytywista.pl
Theoria sociologica positivistica, studia.scienceontheweb.net
Urbs Fluminensis Brasiliae, www.igrejapositivistabrasil.org.br

Categoria:Historia philosophiae
Categoria:Paradigmata sociologica
Categoria:Philosophia
Categoria:Philosophia scientiae

Categoria:Theoriae epistemologicae
Categoria:Theoriae sociologicae