Tumultus Haymarket

Tumultus HaymarketHaymarket, vocabulum Anglicum, 'forum faeni' ad verbum significat. fuit consecutio bombae displosae per protestationem popularem pro iure laborandi in Quadrato Haymarket Sicagi Illinoesiae die Martis 4 Maii 1886 habitam."Originally at the corner of Des Plaines and Randolph," www.cityofchicago.org. Tranquilla coepit contio, operarios qui pro die horarum octo de tempore laboris opus intermittebant adiuvans, nonnullisque operariis a vigilibus pridie necatis respondens. Quidem ignotus bombam dynamitae in vigiles iecit cum coetum publicum dispergere conarentur. Diruptio et sclopetatio sequens septem vigiles et saltem quattuor privatos interfecerunt; nonnulla viginti aliorum vulnerati sunt.


In actionibus sequentibus, late inter civitates orbis terrarum patefactis, octo anarchistae coniurationis convicti sunt. Indicia autem probaverunt solum unum ex reis bombam construere potuisse, sed nemo iudicium subiens eam iecisse.Timothy Messer-Kruse, The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks (2012).Carl Smith, "Act III: Toils of the Law," in The Dramas of Haymarket (Sicagi: Chicago Historical Society et Northwestern University).Vide passim: .Vide passim: . Septem ad supplicium capitis damnati sunt, et unus ad spatium quindecim annorum in carcere. Ricardus J. Oglesby, gubernator civitatis, damnationes duorum reorum pro spatiis vitae in carcere ad ultimum commutavit, et alius manus sibi intulit potius suspendium obire. Reliqui die 11 Novembris 1887 rite suspensi sunt. Anno autem 1893, Ioannes Petrus Altgeld, novus Illinoesiae gubernator, reos reliquos absolvit, iudicium vehementer reprehendens.

Res Haymarket insigniter habetur origo rituum Diei Laboris pro operariis.Alexander Trachtenberg, The History of May Day (1932); commentarius in interrete positus a Marxists Internet Archive (2002).Foner, "The First May Day and the Haymarket Affair", May Day, pp. 27–39. Situs rei lapis terminalis Sicaginiensis anno 1992 designatus est,. et sculptura publica ibi anno 2004 dicata est. Praeterea, Monumentum Martyrum Haymarket ad situm reorum sepulcrorum in Hortis Silvestre in tabulas ut Lapis Terminalis Historicus Nationalis anno 1997 relatum est.. Secundum William J. Adelman, professorem studiorum laboris: "Laboris adfecit historiam in Illinoesia, in Civitatibus Foederatis, et adeo in orbe terrarum nulla res plus quam Res Haymarket Sicaginiense. Quae in contione coepit die 4 Maii 1886, sed consequentiae iam sentiuntur. Quamquam mentio contionis in enchiridiis historiae Americanae fit, paucissimi casum exacte praebent, vel eius momentum indicant."Anglice: "No single event has influenced the history of labor in Illinois, the United States, and even the world, more than the Chicago Haymarket Affair. It began with a rally on May 4, 1886, but the consequences are still being felt today. Although the rally is included in American history textbooks, very few present the event accurately or point out its significance."The Haymarket Affair, www.illinoislaborhistory.org. 

Absolutio et descriptio historica
Adiutores motus laboris in Civitatibus Foederatis et aliis civitatibus iudicium late credebant iniquum fuisse, et adeo malum iustitiae successum. Homines prominentes, inter quos Gulielmus Dean Howells scriptor mythistoriarum, Clarence Darrow iurisconsultus,John A. Farrell, Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned (New York: Doubleday, 2011), p. 5 and passim. Anscharius Wilde poeta et scriptor scaenicu, et Georgius Bernardus Shavius scriptor scaenicus ferociter vituperaverunt. Die 26 Iunii 1893, Ioannes Petrus Altgeld, progressivus Illinoesiae gubernator, ipse advena ex Germania, venias subscripsit pro Fielden, Neebe, et Schwab, quos appellavit victimas "hysteriae, iudicum inclinatorum, et iudicis inclinati,"Anglice: "hysteria, packed juries, and a biased judge." et vehementius dixit civitatem "hominem numquam invenisse qui bombam quae vigilem necavit coniecit, atque indicia ullam coniunctionem quamcumque non monstrant reorum et hominis qui eam coniecit."Anglice: "has never discovered who it was that threw the bomb which killed the policeman, and the evidence does not show any connection whatsoever between the defendants and the man who threw it."Quoted in Stanley Turkel, Heroes of the American Reconstruction: Profiles of Sixteen Educators (McFarland, 2009) p. 121.

Notae

Bibliographia
Adelman, William J. 1986. Haymarket Revisited. Ed. 2a. Sicagi: Illinois Labor History Society. ISBN 0916884031
Avrich, Paul . 1984. The Haymarket Tragedy. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691006008
David, Henry. 1936, 1963. The History of the Haymarket Affair: A Study of the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements. Ed. 3a. Novi Eboraci: Collier Books. OCLC 6216264.
Foner, Philip S., ed. 1969. The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs. Novi Eboraci: Pathfinder Press. ISBN 0873488792.
Foner, Philip S. 1986. May Day: A Short History of the International Workers' Holiday, 1886–1986. Novi Eboraci: International Publishers. ISBN 0717806243.
Green, James R. 2006. Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America. Novi Eboraci: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0375422374.
Messer-Kruse, Timothy. 2011. The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists: Terrorism and Justice in the Gilded Age. Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230120778.
Messer-Kruse, Timothy. 2012. The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks. Urbanae Illinoesiae: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252078608
Nelson, Bruce C. 1988. Beyond the Martyrs: A Social History of Chicago's Anarchists, 1870–1900. Novi Brunsvici Novae Caesareae: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813513456.
Roediger, Dave, et Franklin Rosemont, eds. 1986. Haymarket Scrapbook. Sicagi: Charles H. Kerr Publishing. ISBN 0882861220. 
Schaack, Michael J. 1889. Anarchy and Anarchists: A History of the Red Terror and the Social Revolution in America and Europe: Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and in Deed: The Chicago Haymarket Conspiracy, and the Detection and Trial of the Conspirators.  Sicagi: F. J. Schulte & Co. OCLC 185637808
Smith, Carl. 2000. The Dramas of Haymarket.  Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University.

Bibliographia addita
Bach, Ira J., et Mary Lackritz Gray. 1983. A Guide to Chicago's Public Sculpture. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226033996.
Fireside, Bryna J. 2002. The Haymarket Square Riot Trial: A Headline Court Case. Berkeley Heights Novae Caesareae: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0766017613.
Harris, Frank. 1908. The Bomb. Londinii: John Long. 
Hucke, Matt, et Ursula Bielski. 1999. Graveyards of Chicago: The People, History, Art, and Lore of Cook County Cemeteries. Sicagi: Lake Claremont Press. ISBN 0964242648.
Lieberwitz, Risa. 1992. The Use of Criminal Conspiracy Prosecutions to Restrict Freedom of Speech: The Haymarket Trial. In In the Shadow of the Statue of Liberty: Immigrants, Workers, and Citizens in the American Republic, 1880-1920, ed. Marianne Debouzy, 275–291. Urbanae Illinoesiae: University of Illinois Press.
Lum, Dyer. 1887, 2005. A Concise History of the Great Trial of the Chicago Anarchists in 1886. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 9781402162879.
McLean, George N. 1890. The Rise and Fall of Anarchy in America. Sicagi: R. G. Badoux & Co.
Parsons, Lucy. 1889. Life of Albert R. Parsons: With Brief History of the Labor Movement in America. Sicagi: L. E. Parsons. 
Riedy, James L. 1979. Chicago Sculpture: Text and Photographs. Urbanae Illinoesiae: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252012550.
Smith, Carl. 1995. Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226764168.

Dies Laboris

Nexus externi

Archivum Caedis Haymarket, Anarchy Archives
Corpus Digitale Rei Haymarket, Chicago Historical Society
Dramata Haymarket, Chicago Historical Society

Encyclopedia Sicagi
"Haymarket and May Day," www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org, p. 571
"Haymarket Riot Monument, 1889," www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org, p. 3774
"Haymarket Monument, Waldheim Cemetery," www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org, p. 6380
"Haymarket Memorial, 2005," www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org,p. 11545

Categoria:Anarchismus
Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum
Categoria:Historia Sicagi Illinoesiae
Categoria:Socialismus
Categoria:Socialismus in Civitatibus Foederatis
Categoria:Protestationes civiles
Categoria:1886