Permutatio Columbiana

Permutatio Columbiana (ab Anglico Columbian exchangePrimus locutionis Anglicae inventor fuit Alfredus Crosby, qui anno 1972 in libro The Columbian Exchange historiam huius permutationis primum excogitavit.) est transmissio animalium domesticatorum frugumque et aliorum biotorum, tam utilium quam nefastorum, ad Americam ab Eurasia et Africa atque in has continentes ab America. Quae permutatio a navigationibus explorationis Christophori Columbi coepit.

 Species ab America in Eurasiam Africamque transmissae 
 Animalia utilia: Cairina moschata, Cavia porcellus, Meleagris gallopavo
 Animalia nefasta: Dactylosphaera vitifoliae
 Plantae utiles: Acca sellowiana, Agave americana, Anacardium occidentale, Ananas comosus, Annona cherimola, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa, Arachis hypogaea, Canna indica, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Carica papaya, Carya illinoinensis, Chenopodium quinoa, Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona pubescens, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Dipteryx odorata, Eryngium foetidum, Fragaria × ananassa, Goeppertia allouia, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hevea brasiliensis, Ipomoea batatas, Manihot esculenta, Manilkara zapota, Maranta arundinacea, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Opuntia ficus-indica, Pachyrhizus erosus, Passiflora edulis, Persea americana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Psidium guajava, Schinus molle, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum tuberosum, Stevia rebaudiana, Theobroma cacao, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vanilla planifolia, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Zea mays
 Microbia nefasta: Treponema pallidum endemicum, Trypanosoma cruzi

 Species ab Eurasia et Africa in Americam transmissae 
 Animalia utilia: Apis mellifera, Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Capra aegagrus hircus, Equus africanus asinus, Equus ferus caballus, Felis catus, Gallus gallus domesticus, Numida meleagris, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ovis aries, Sus scrofa
 Plantae utiles: Abelmoschus esculentus, Allium ampeloprasum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Apium graveolens, Asparagus officinalis, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Cannabis sativa, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Citrus × aurantiifolia, Citrus × aurantium, Citrus × limon, Citrus × sinensis, Citrus × paradisi, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa, Daucus carota, Dioscorea alata, Elaeis guineensis, Ficus carica, Foeniculum vulgare, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, Malus pumila, Mangifera indica, Momordica charantia, Musa × paradisiaca, Ocimum basilicum, Olea europaea, Origanum vulgare, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza sativa, Papaver somniferum, Pennisetum glaucum, Pistacia vera, Pisum sativum, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica, Punica granatum, Pyrus communis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Sesamum indicum, Solanum melongena, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia oleracea, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, Zingiber officinale
 Microbia nefasta: Mycobacterium leprae, Rickettsia prowazekii, Salmonella enterica, Treponema pallidum pertenue, Influenza virus, Measles virus, Varicella zoster virus, Variola virus, Yellow fever virus

 Species ante Columbum in ambobus mundis endemicae 
 Homo sapiens
 Plantae utiles: Portulaca oleracea, Lagenaria siceraria, Cocos nucifera

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
 Fontes antiquiores de speciebus in Americam translatis
 1493 : Didacus Álvarez Chanca, "Epistula" vide iuxta notam 106
 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, "Epistulae secundae fragmentum" ad initium
 ante 1526 : Ferdinandus Cortesius, Cartas de relación pp. 309, 322 
 1530 : Petrus Martyr ab Angleria, De orbe novo decades lib. 8 cap. 4 f. 107v
 1571 : Ferdinandus Columbus; Alphonsus Ulloa, interpr., Historie ff. 106v-107r apud Internet Archive
 ante 1584 : 
 1590 : 
 1609 : Garcias Lasus Inca, Comentarios Reales de los Incas pars 1 lib. 9 cap. 16-30 (pp. 242-255 editionis 1609; pp. 481-504 recensionis interretialis)
 1646 : Alphonsus de Ovalle, Historica relacion del Reyno de Chile pp. 4-8, 51-58 editionis 1646
 ante 1654 : Bernabé Cobo, Historia del Nuevo Mundo lib.10 (vol. 2 pp. 341-456 editionis 1891; pp. 1012-1164 libri manu scripti)

 Fontes antiquiores de speciebus ex America translatis
 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, Epistulae secundae fragmentum medio textu
 1493 : Bartholomaeus Casaus, ed., Christophori Columbi prima navigatio vol. 1 p. 286 Navarrete
 ante 1539 : Ferdinandus Columbus, Historia del almirante Don Cristóbal Colón cap. 28/27, 37/35
 1544 : Petrus Andreas Matthiolus, Commentarii ... di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo libri cinque della historia & materia medicinale (1544-1573) sive et Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica (1554-1574)
 1574 : Nicolaus Monardes, Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias occidentales que sirven en medicina (1574) Textus
 1604 : 
 1605 : Carolus Clusius, Exoticorum libri decem
 1615 : Franciscus Hernandez, Quatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas y animales que estan recevidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva Espana (1615) sive et Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus (1628)

 Eruditio recentior
 Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press, 1972
 Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Voyages, the Columbian Exchange, and Their Historians. Washington, DC: American Historical Association, 1987
 Christopher Cumo, The Ongoing Columbian Exchange: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 2015 
 Victoria Dickenson, "Cartier, Champlain, and the Fruits of the New World: Botanical Exchange in the 16th and 17th Centuries" in Scientia Canadensis vol. 31 (2008) pp. 27-47
 Henry F. Dobyns, "Disease Transfer at Contact" in Annual Review of Anthropology vol. 22 (1993) pp. 273–291 JSTOR
 Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992 
 George W. Hendry, "The Source Literature of Early Plant Introduction into Spanish America" in Agricultural History vol. 8 (1934) pp. 64-71 JSTOR
 Jonathan Hersh, Hans-Joachim Voth, "Sweet diversity: Colonial goods and the rise of European living standards after 1492" (2009/2011) apud Ideas
 I. King Jordan, "The Columbian Exchange as a source of adaptive introgression in human populations" in Biology Direct vol. 11 (2016)
 Alexander Koch et al., "Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492" in Quaternary Science Reviews vol. 207 (2019) pp. 13-36
 Stuart McCook, "The Neo-Columbian Exchange: The Second Conquest of the Greater Caribbean, 1720-1930" in Latin American Research Review vol. 46S (2011) pp. 11-31
 Nathan Nunn, Nancy Qian, "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas" in Journal of Economic Perspectives vol. 24 (2010) pp. 163–188
 José Pardo-Tomás, María Luz López Terrada, Las primeras noticias sobre plantas americanas en las relaciones de viajes y crónicas de Indias (1493-1553). Valencia : Instituto de Estudios Documentales e Históricos sobre la Ciencia, 1993 alibi
 Sokolov, Raymond. 1991. Why We Eat What We Eat: How Columbus Changed the Way the World Eats. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. 

Categoria:Christophorus Columbus
Categoria:Historia agriculturae
Categoria:Historia morborum
!
Categoria:Renascentia