Serialismus

Serialismus est musicae compositionis ratio,Griffiths 2001:116. quae serie valorum utitur ad tractanda varia elementa musica. Serialismus plerumque in ratione duodecim tonorum Arnoldi Schoenberg coepit, quamquam eius aequales etiam operam dabant, ut serialismum statuerent exemplum cogitationis posttonalis.Whittall 2008:1. Ratio duodecim tonorum ordinat duodecim gradús chromatici tonos ut series vel ordo generetur et fundamenta coniungentia compositionis melodiae, harmoniae, progressionum structurae, et variationum praebeatur. Alia serialismi genera copiis (conlectionibus rerum) utuntur, sed non semper in seriebus ordinis ficti, et rationem ad alias musicae dimensiones (quae parametra appellari possunt) propagant, sicut duratio, dynamica, et timbre. Notio serialismi etiam variis modis artibus oculorum, descriptio, et architecturae adhibetur.Bandur 2001:5, 12, 74; Gerstner 1964 passim. Usus musicus vocabuli seriei cum vocabulo serie in mathematica non confundendus est.

Serialismus integer, vel serialismus totus, est usus seriei pro aspectibus sicut duratio, dynamica, registrum, et sonus.Whittall 2008:273. Alia vocabula, praecipue in Europa ad distinguendam musicam serialem post secundum bellum mundanum in musica tonorum duodecim et eius propagationibus Americanis adhibita, sunt serialismus generalis et serialismus multiplex.Grant 2001:5–6.

Arnoldus Schoenberg, Antonius Webern, Albanus Berg, Carolus Henricus Stockhausen, Petrus Boulez, Ludovicus Nono, Milton Babbitt, Ioannes Barraqué, et aliis rationibus serialibus  in plurimo eorum musica usi sunt. Alii compositores, inter quos Béla Bartók, Lucianus Berio, Beniaminus Britten, Aaron Copland, Olivarius Messiaen, Arvo Pärt, Gualterius Piston, Ned Rorem, Alfredus Schnittke, Demetrius Szostakowicz, Inguarus Strawinski, et adeo nonnulli compositores iaz, sicut Iosephus Lateef et Guilelmus Evans, serialismo solum in paucis eorum compositionum, vel solum in partibus eorum rerum, usi sunt.

Definitiones primae
Serialismus est ratio,Anglice "method" (Griffiths 2001: 116). sive "ars magnopere praecipua,"Anglice "highly specialized technique" (Wörner 1973: 196). sive mera "via"Anglice "way" (Whittall 2008: 1). musicae componendae. Etiam putari potest "philosophia vitae (cosmotheoria), modus humanae mentis ad mundum conectendae et completionis rei tractae efficiendae."Anglice ""a philosophy of life (Weltanschauung), a way of relating the human mind to the world and creating a completeness when dealing with a subject" (Bandur 2001: 5).

Serialismus per se non est doctrina vel mos compositionis. Serialismus quidem tonorum non semper cum tonalitate repugnans est, quamquam saepissime modus musicae atonalis compondendae adhibetur.Griffiths 2001: 116).

Compositores notabiles
Inter compositores qui suis compositionibus insigniter serialismum adhibent sunt: 
Hans Abrahamsen
Gilbertus Amy
Ludovicus Andriessen
Dionysus ApIvor
Hans Erich Apostel
Kees van Baaren
Milton Babbitt
Osvaldas Balakauskas
Donaldus Banks
Ioannes Barraqué
Georgius Baur
Albanus Berg
Arthurus Berger
Ericus Bergman
Lucianus Berio
Conradus Boehmer
Andreas Boucourechliev
Petrus Boulez
Martin Boykan
Ole Buck
Ioannes Calonne
Nicolaus Castiglioni
Aldo Clementi
Aaron Copland
Ludovicus Dallapiccola
Franciscus Donatoni
Herbertus Eimert
Hanns Eisler
Carolus Henricus Essl
Franciscus Evangelisti
Brian Ferneyhough
Irving Fine
Wolfgangus Fortner
Robertus Gerhard
Franciscus GeysenAlbertus Ginastera
Lucianus Goethals
Carolus Goeyvaerts
Glenn Gould
Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen
Caesar Guerra-Peixe
Ludovicus Harrison
Jonathan Harvey
Hermannus Heiss
Hans Werner Henze
York Höller
Heinz Holliger
Gulielmus Hopkins
Klaus Huber
Carolus Husa
Hanns Jelinek
Beniaminus Johnston
Nikolaus Karetnikov
Rudolphus Kelterborn
Gottfried Michael Koenig
Iosephus Koffler
Ernestus Krenek
Meyer Kupferman
René Leibowitz
Ingvar Lidholm
Georgius Ligeti
Ioannes McGuire
Brunus Maderna
Ursula Mamlok
Philippus Manoury
Donaldus Martino
Paulus Méfano
Ioannes Ludovicus Monod
Robertus Morris
Ludovicus NonoPetrus Nørgård
Christophorus Penderecki
Goffredo Petrassi
Michael Philippot
Gualterius Piston
Henricus Pousseur
Rogerius Reynolds
Terry Riley
Georgius Rochberg
Claudius Santoro
Petrus Schat
Dieter Schnebel
Arnoldus Schoenberg
Humphrey Searle
Ruth Crawford Seeger
Mátyás Seiber
Rogerius Sessions
Nicolaus Skalkottas
Rogerius Smalley
Anna Southam
Leopoldus Spinner
Carolus Henricus Stockhausen
Inguarus Strawinski
Robertus Suderburg
Ricardus Swift
Camillus Togni
Gilles Tremblay
Fartein Valen
Wladimir Vogel
Antonius Webern
Hugus Weisgall
Petrus Westergaard
Stephanus Wolpe
Carolus Wuorinen
La Monte Young

Notae

Modernismus musicus
Ordo tonorum

Bibliographia
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Shatzkin, Merton. 1977. A Pre-Cantata Serialism in Stravinsky. Perspectives of New Music 16(1): 139–43.
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Sykora, Katharina. 1983. Das Phänomen des Seriellen in der Kunst: Aspekte einer künstlerischen Methode von Monet bis zur amerikanischen Pop Art. Würzburg: Könighausen + Neumann.
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Whittall, Arnold. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music. Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86341-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-521-68200-8 (pbk).
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Bibliographia addita
Eco, Umberto. 2005. Innovation & Repetition: Between Modern & Postmodern Aesthetics. Daedalus 134(4):191–207.
Gollin, Edward. 2007. Multi-Aggregate Cycles and Multi-Aggregate Serial Techniques in the Music of Béla Bartók. Music Theory Spectrum 29(2):143–176.
Gredinger, Paul. 1955. Das Serielle. Die Reihe 1 ("Elektronische Musik"): 34–41. English as "Serial Technique", translated by Alexander Goehr. Die Reihe 1 ("Electronic Music"), (English edition 1958): 38–44.
Rahn, John. 1980. Basic Atonal Theory. Novi Eboraci: Schirmer Books.
Savage, Roger W. H. 1989. Structure and Sorcery: The Aesthetetics of Post-War Serial Composition and Indeterminancy. Outstanding Dissertations in Music from British Universities. New York: Garland Publications. ISBN 0-8240-2041-3.
Schoffman, Nathan. 1981. Serialism in the Works of Charles Ives. Tempo, new series, no. 138 (September): 21–32.
Scruton, Roger. 1997. Aesthetics of Music. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-816638-9. Quoted in Arved Ashbey, The Pleasure of Modernist Music (University of Rochester Press, 2004) p. 122. ISBN 1-58046-143-3.
White, Eric Walter, et Jeremy Noble. 1984. Stravinsky. In The New Grove Modern Masters''. Londinii: Macmillan.

Nexus externi

 Serial/twelve-note, artofthestates.org (opera seriales vel notarum duodecim a compositoribus Civitatum Foederatarum facta)
 Series tonorum in motu ultimo Mozart Symphonia 40, www.dlib.indiana.edu

Categoria:Serialismus
Categoria:Musica classica saeculi 20