Elephas pumilio

Elephas pumilioAppellatio sequitur Noack, qui anno 1906 speciem "Loxodonta pumilio" postulavit, vide infra. plures elephantorum species humili statura denotat, quae quidem nunc maxima ex parte exstinctae aevo glaciali variis in insulis progressae sunt. Reductio magnitudinis, quae etiam in aliis mammaliis (ut puta in hippopotamo) observatur, aptatio ad minorem in insula ambitum, cibum tenuiorem et carnivorum absentiam esse videtur. 

 Elephantes insulares Europaei exstincti 
In nonnullis insulis Maris Mediterranei Pleistocaeno formae pumiliones vixerunt, quae maxima ex parte ex Elephante antiquo ortae sunt. Praeterea sunt species, quamvis rarius, quae a Mammutho repetunt.

Elephas falconeri (sive elephas pumilio Siculus), ex quo elephas mnaidriensis (sive elephas melitensis) progressus est.Maria Rita Palombo: Elephants in miniature. In: Harald Meller (ed.): Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa. Halle/Saale, 2010, p. 275–295Lucia Caloi, Tassos Kotsakis / Maria Rita Palombo / Carmelio Petronio: The Pleistocene dwarf elephants of Mediterranean islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci, Tokii, 1996, p. 234-239
Elephas tiliensis in insula Telo vixit, species propinquae aliis in insulis Aegaei maris.G. E. Theodorou: Die fossilen Zwergelefanten der Höhle „Charkadio“ auf der Insel Tilos, Athenis 1983 (= Dissertatio). Utrum in picturis muralibus Aegypti antiquae tales elephantes pumiliones depicti sint, disputatur.Baruch Rosen: „Mammoths in ancient Egypt?“, in: Nature 369, 1994, p. 364-365. Ossa capitis elephantum pumilionum forsitan ad Cyclopum fabulam nascendam contulerunt, quod elephantes media in fronte unam narem habent, quae perperam oculus interpretari potest.Hans Dietrich Kahlke: Das Eiszeitalter. Lipsiae et al. 1981 
Elephas cypriotes
Mammuthus lamarmorai Sardiniae.R. Melis / Maria Rita Palombo / M. Mussi: Mammuthus lamarmorae (Major, 1883) remains in the pre-Tyrrhenian deposits of San Giovanni in Sinis (Western Sardinia, Italy). In: G. Cavarretta et al. (ed.): The World of Elephants – International Congress. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Romae, 2001, p. 481–485 
Mammuthus creticus, quae est species minima nota.Victoria L. Herridge / Adrian M. Lister: Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth. Proceedings of  the Royal Society series B 2012 doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0671

 Aliae species exstinctae  
Mammuthus primigenius in Oceano arctico.Adrian M. Lister: Mammoths in miniature. Nature 362, 1993, S. 288-289J. M. Enk, D. R. Yesner, K. J. Crossen, D. W. Veltre und D. H. O’Rourke:  Phylogeographic Analysis of the mid-Holocene Mammoth from Qagnax Cave, St. Paul Island, Alaska. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 273 (1-2), 2009, p. 184-190
Mammuthus exilis in insulis ante litus Californiae meridianae sitis.V. Louise Roth: Pleistocene dwarf elephants from the California Islands. In: Jeheskel Shoshani und Pascal Tassy (ed.): The Proboscidea. Evolution and palaeoecology of the Elephants and their relatives. Oxoniae et al. 1996, p. 249–253
Elephas celebensis in Celebi

 Species recentes 
Elephas pumilio nomine Elephas maximus borneensis, qui in insula Borneo vivit, sub-species est Elephantis maximi.
Praeterea de elephante pumilione Africano nomine "Loxodonta pumilio", num in silva pluviali Africae re vera sit, disputatur.Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)) - 2003

 Bibliographia 
 Jordi Augusti: Mammoths, Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Columbia University Press, Novi Eboraci et al. 2002, ISBN 0-231-11640-3
 Erich Thenius: Grundzüge der Faunen- und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Säugetiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgardiae 1980, ISBN 3-437-30312-0
 Harald Gebhardt und Mario Ludwig: Von Drachen, Yetis und Vampiren - Fabeltieren auf der Spur. Domus editoria BLV-Verlag, Monaci, 2005, ISBN 3-405-16679-9

 Notae 

 Nexus externi 
 Indicia de elephantis pumilionibus

Categoria:Elephantidae

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