Tectonica laminarum

Tectonica laminarumConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic). vel patellarumConfer: "Cuicumque patella tectonica est craton, quod est pars integra et antiquissima" (de Territoriis Boreoccidentalibus). (Graece τεκτονικός 'ad aedificium pertinens'.) est theoria scientifica telluris quae maiores lithosphaerae Telluris motus describit. Doctrinae vetustiores notiones motus continentalis explicant quas Alfredus Wegener aliique prima saeculi vicensimi decennia proposuerunt et quas eruditi geoscientifici, notionibus distentionis fundi maris decennio 196 exeunte decennioque 197 ineunte evolutis, plerumque acceperunt.

Lithosphaera in laminas tectonicas dissolvitur. Quod attinet ad Tellurem, nunc sunt septem vel octo (numerus ex eorum definitionem dependet) maiores multaeque minores laminae, quae in asthenosphaera vehuntur, in uno ex tribus generibus finium laminarum invicem inter se moventes: convergentibus (etiam finibus concursionis appellatis), divergentibus (etiam mediis pandentibus appellatis), et transformatibus (quae "conservantes" sunt). Terrae motus, eruptiones montium igniferorum, formatioque montium et fossarum oceanicarum secundum hos fines fiunt. Lateralis laminarum motus usitate a 0 ad 100 millimetra quotannis variatur.Herbert Read et Janet Watson, Introduction to Geology (Novi Eboraci: Halsted, 1975), 13–15. ISBN 978-0-470-71165-1. OCLC 317775677.

Lamina tectonica in duobus generibus lithosphaerae consistunt: continentali crassiore et oceanico tenuiore. Pars superior crusta appellatur, iterum duorum generum (continentalis et oceanici). Hoc significat quamlibet laminam in uno vel ambobus generibus consistere posse. Una ex rebus magni momenti quas doctrina proponit est quantitatem superficiei laminarum (continentalium et oceanicam) quae in amiculo secundum fines convergentes subductione evanescit esse prope in aequilibritate cum novo crusto (oceanico) quod secundum margines divergentes expansione fundi abyssi formatur; hoc aliquando principium cinguli portantis appellatur. Tota orbis terrarum superficies sic eadem permanet. Discrepat haec doctrina a doctrinis quae antequam paradigma (ut aliquando appellatur) tectonicae laminarum facta est principale scientiae exemplar suadebantur—doctrinis quae lentam globi contractionem vel expansionem proponebant et iam in scientia ut exemplaria alterna exstant.G. Scalera et G. Lavecchia, "Frontiers in earth sciences: new ideas and interpretation," Annals of Geophysics 49 (1, 2006), supplementum.

Lamina tectonica moveri possunt quia lithosphaera Telluris maiores habet vires et minus densitatem quam asthenosphaera. Laterales densitatis variationes in manteli Telluris convectionem mantelis generant. Eorum motus agi putatur per mixturam motus imi maris a iugo pandente (ob variationes topographicas et densitatem crusti quae discrepantias virium gravitationis generant) et tractionis, atque suctus desuper, apud zonas subductionis. Alia explanatio vehementius dicit varias vires quae ambitus globi et vires Solis et Lunae ad aestum pertinentes generant. Momentum harum rerum est incertum, et iam disceptatur.

Principia maximi momenti
Externa telluris strata in lithosphaeram et asthenosphaeram digeruntur; quae divisio in variationibus proprietatum mechanicarum et in ratione translationis caloris conditur. Lithosphaera frigidior et rigidior, atque asthenosphaera calidior est, faciliusque fluit. Per translationem caloris, lithosphaera calorem conductione amittit, sed asthenosphaera calorem convectione etiam amittit, et gradus temperaturae paene adiabaticos habet. Quae distinctio non confundenda est cum chemica (ut dicitur) subdivisione eorundam stratorum in manteli (asthenosphaeram et mantele lithosphaerae comprehendente) et crusta: data mantelis pars variis temporibus pars lithosphaereae vel asthenosphaerae esse potest, in temperatura et pressura posita.

 Laminae 
 Maiores laminae 
Variae definitiones usitate habent maiores laminas esse septem aut octo:
 Lamina AfricanaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina AntarcticaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina IndoaustralianaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic)., aliquando sic divisa:
 Lamina Indica
 Lamina Australiana
 Lamina EurasiaticaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina Boreo-AmericanaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina Austro-AmericanaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina Oceani PacificiConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).

 Minores laminae 
Sunt permultae laminae, quarum septem maximae sunt: 
 Lamina Arabica
 Lamina CaribicaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina Ioannes de Fuca
 Lamina Insularum CocoinarumConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina NazcanianaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina PhilippinianaConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).
 Lamina ScotiaeConfer indices vocabulorum geographicorum a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram (hic aut hic).

 Circulus Ignis Pacificus
 Circulus supercontinentium
 Continens
 Gaia
 Theoria geosynclinalis, ortus montium explicatio obsoleta
 Convectio mantelum
 Falla
 Index laminarum tectonicarum
 Montes continui
 Orogenia
 Pangaea
 Tectonica plumarum
 Tectonophysica

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
Libri
 Butler, Robert F. 1992. "Applications to paleogeography: Paleomagnetism: Magnetic domains to geologic terranes. Oxoniae: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-86542-070-0. PDF.
 Carey, S. W. 1958. "The tectonic approach to continental drift." In Continental Drift: A symposium, held in March 1956. Hobart: Univ. of Tasmania, ed. S. W. Carey, 177–363.
 Condie, K. C. 1997. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Ed. quarta. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3386-4. Google Books.
 Foulger, Gillian R. 2010. Plates vs Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6148-0.
 Frankel, H. 1987. "The Continental Drift Debate." In Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology, ed. H. T. Engelhardt Jr., et A. L. Caplan. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27560-6.
 Hancock, Paul L., Brian J. Skinner, et David L. Dineley. 2000. The Oxford Companion to the Earth. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854039-7.
 Hess, H. H. 1962. "History of Ocean Basins." In Petrologic studies: a volume to honor of A. F. Buddington, ed. A. E. J. Engel, Harold L. James, et B. F. Leonard, 599–620.Boulder Colorati: Geological Society of America. PDF.
 Holmes, Arthur. 1978. Principles of Physical Geology, ed. tertia. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-07251-5.
 Kious, W. Jacquelyne, et Robert I. Tilling. (1996) 1996. "Historical perspective." In This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics.  U.S. Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Editio interretialis.
 Lippsett, Laurence. 2006. "Maurice Ewing and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory." In Living Legacies at Columbia, ed. William Theodore De Bary, Jerry Kisslinger, et Tom Mathewson, 277–97. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13884-0.
 Little, W., H. W. Fowler, et J. Coulson. 1990. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: on historical principles, ed. tertia, ed. C. T. Onions. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861126-4.
 Lliboutry, L. 2000. Quantitative geophysics and geology. Eos Transactions, 82. Springer. Bibcode:2001EOSTr..82..249W. doi:10.1029/01EO00142. ISBN 978-1-85233-115-3. Editio interretialis.
 McKnight Tom. 2004. Geographica: The complete illustrated Atlas of the world. Novi Eboraci: Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-5974-5, ISBN 0-7607-5974-X. 
 Meissner, Rolf. 2002. The Little Book of Planet Earth. Novi Eboraci: Copernicus Books. ISBN 978-0-387-95258-1.
 Meyerhoff, Arthur Augustus, I. Taner, A. E. L. Morris, W. B. Agocs, M. Kamen-Kaye, Mohammad I. Bhat, N. Christian Smoot, et Dong R. Choi. 1996. In Surge tectonics: a new hypothesis of global geodynamics, ed. Donna Meyerhoff Hull, 348.  Solid Earth Sciences Library, 9. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-0-7923-4156-7.
 Moss, S. J. et M. E. J. Wilson. 1998. "Biogeographic implications from the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo."  In Biogeography and Geological Evolution of Southeast Asia, ed. R. Hall et J. D. Holloway, 133–63. Lugduni Bataaorum: Backhuys. ISBN 978-90-73348-97-4.
 Oreskes, Naomi, ed. 2003. Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview. . ISBN 978-0-8133-4132-3, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9. 
 Read, Herbert Harold, et Janet Watson. 1975. Introduction to Geology. Novi Eboraci: Halsted. ISBN 978-0-470-71165-1. OCLC 317775677.
 Schmidt, Victor A., et William Harbert. 1998. "The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics." In Planet Earth and the New Geosciences, ed. tertia ISBN 978-0-7872-4296-1. Archivum.
 Schubert, Gerald, Donald L. Turcotte, et Peter Olson. 2001. Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35367-0, ISBN 0-521-35367-X.
 Stanley, Steven M. 1999. Earth System History. W. H. Freeman.  ISBN 978-0-7167-2882-5, ISBN 0-7167-2882-6.
 Stein, Seth, et Michael Wysession. 2009. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1131-0.
 Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, et R. H. Fleming. 1942. The Oceans: Their physics, chemistry and general biology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
 Thompson, Graham R., et Jonathan Turk. 1991. Modern Physical Geology. Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 0-03-025398-5, ISBN 978-0-03-025398-0.
 Torsvik, Trond Helge, et Bernhard Steinberger. 2006. "Fra kontinentaldrift til manteldynamikk" [A fluitatione continentali ad dynamicam mantelli]. Geo 8: 20–30. Norvegice. Archivum.
 Torsvik, Trond Helge, et Bernhard Steinberger. 2008. "From Continental Drift to Mantle Dynamics." In Geology for Society for 150 years: The Legacy after Kjerulf, 12 ed. Trond Slagstad et Rolv Dahl Gråsteinen, 24–38. Trondheim: Norges Geologiske Undersokelse. PDF.
 Turcotte, D. L., et G. Schubert. 2002. "Plate Tectonics." In Geodynamics, ed. secunda, 1–21. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66186-7.
 Wegener, Alfred. 1929. Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane, ed. quarta. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Akt. Ges. ISBN 978-3-443-01056-0.
 Wegener, Alfred. 1966. The origin of continents and oceans, conv. Biram John. Courier Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-61708-4.
 Winchester, Simon. 2003. Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-621285-2, ISBN 0-06-621285-5.
 Yuen, David A., Shigenori Maruyama, Shun-Ichiro Karato, et Brian F. Windley. 2007. Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics. Dordrecht Nederlandiae: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-5749-6, ISBN 9781402057502.

Commentationes in periodicis prolatae
 Atkinson, Larry, et Connie Sancetta. 1993. "Hail and Farewell." Oceanography (The Oceanography Society) 6 (34).
 Joly, John. 1909. "Radioactivity and Geology: An Account of the Influence of Radioactive Energy on Terrestrial History." Journal of Geology 18: 36. Bibcode:1910JG.....18..568J. doi:10.1086/621777. ISBN 978-1-4021-3577-4.
 Lyman, J., et R. H. Fleming. 1940. "Composition of Seawater." Journal of Marine Research 3: 134–46.
Maruyama, Shigenori. 1994. "Plume tectonics." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan. 100: 24–49. doi:10.5575/geosoc.100.24.
 Tanimoto, Toshiro, et Thorne Lay. 2000. "Mantle dynamics and seismic tomography." Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 97 (23): 12409. doi:10.1073/pnas.210382197. PMID 11035784.
 Vine, F. J., et D. H. Matthews. 1963. "Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges." Nature 199: 947–49. doi:10.1038/199947a0.

 Nexus externi 
 Bird, Peter. 2003. "An updated digital model of plate boundaries," apud situm peterbird.name
 Shao, Huang Zhen. 1997. "Speed of the Continental Plates," in The Physics Factbook.''
 "Cenozoic dynamics of the African plate with emphasis on the Africa-Eurasia collision," apud situm adsabs.harvard.edu
 De tectonicis laminarum apud situm mantleplumes.org
 De tectonicis laminarum apud situm gplates.org
 "Easy-to-draw illustrations for teaching plate tectonics," apud situm geology.com
 Explicatio virium tectonicarum apud tectonic-forces.org
 "In Our Time," de tectonicis laminarum apud bbc.co.uk
 "MORVEL plate velocity estimates and information," apud situm geology.wisc.edu
 Geodynamica finium laminarum "North-American/Eurasian/African," apud situm onderzoekinformatie.nl
 Pellicula quae 750 million annorum monstrat, apud situm ucmp.berkeley.edu
 Propositum Paleomap, apud situm scotese.com
 Propositum PLATES, apud situm ig.utexas.edu
 Situs USGS de motibus laminarum apud situm pubs.usgs.gov
 Tabula laminarum tectonicarum apud situm snobear.colorado.edu

Categoria:Geologia
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