Oryza glaberrima

Oryza glaberrima,Binomen ab Ernesto de Steudel anno 1853 statutum. Latinitate communi oryza Africana"Oryza Africana"  appellata, est domesticata oryzae species familiae Poacearum, minus communis minusque nota quam Oryza sativa, species Asiatica. A Rolando Portères propositum est hanc speciem abhinc annorum 2000 vel 3000 domesticatam in mediterranea Superioris Nigri fluminis delta, in terra nunc Malia appellata; alii suadent in pluribus locis domesticatam esse. Parens ferus, qui in Africa etiamnunc crescit, est Oryza barthii.

Culturam O. glaberrimae in agris ripariis civitatum Gambiae, Senegaliae, Guineae, Guineae Bissaviensis hodiernarum iamdudum institutam exploratores Europaei a saeculo XV observaverunt: Lusitani anno 1446 aestuarium Buba in Guinea Bissaviensi hodierna ingredientes agros latissimos reppererunt, arboribus bombyceis magnisque oryzae plantationibus repletos "ut terra omnis aspectum paludis haberet"achavam a terra com grandes sementeiras e muytas arvores dalgodom, e muytas herdades sementadas darroz ... e diz que toda aquella terra lhe parecia a maneira de pauues: Gomes Eanes de Zurara; visconde da Carreira, ed., Chronica do descobrimento e conquisita de Guiné (Lutetiae: Aillaud, 1841) cap. 88 p. 415 (versionis Anglicae vol. 2 p. 264) Aloisius Cadamustus, qui anno 1455 ad Gambiam flumen pervenit et modum vivendi habitantium descripsit, "plures oryzae varietates, quam Senegae incolae" coluisse carnemque caninam comedisse dixit;Manzano de quelle medeme vivande, salvo che hanno piu risi, perche non nascono in lo paese de quelli de Sene[g]a; anzi manzano questoro carne de can, dove non ho mai udito che se manze altrove: Aloisius Cadamustus, Libro de la prima nauigatione per locceano a le terre de Nigri in Fracanzano Montalboddo, ed., Paesi novamente retrovati et nouo mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino cap. 43 editionis 1507; G. R. Crone, interpr., The Voyages of Cadamosto (1937) p. 70 Eustathius de la Fosse, explorator Francicus litus Granorum anno 1479/1480 visitans, prope urbem hodiernam Conakry ostrea speciei Crassostreae tulipae e granis meleguetis contusis elixata comedit cum oryza Africana butyro caprino, et melle illita: ita quarantesimam optimo modo celebravit.Les Mores dudit lieu nous apportoient a vendre des oustres de merveilleuse grandeur . . . et ainssy cuittes avec de la graine de paradys estampez en pouldre, nous les trouvions tresbons. . . . Et sy avions largement de bon rys et de bon bure faict de laict de chièvre, et du bon miel . . . de quoy nous assaulsiasmes nostre rys, et ainssy nous passasmes bien aises nostre quaresme: Eustache de la Fosse; R. Fourché-Delbosc, ed., "Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique" in Revue hispanique vol. 4 (1897) pp. 184-185 Andreas Alvares d'Almada, insularum Capitis Viridis nativus, cultivationem oryzae ad ripas fluminum Gambiae et Casamance anno 1594 descripsit: "Nigricolores in his paludibus agros constituunt; valla terris erigunt adventum aquarum exspectans, quae fluvius adveniens nihilominus saepe deiicit. Surculos nuper natos mox eripiunt et in locos minus humidos transplantant".Começa o inverno nestas partes no fim d'Abril ... Fazem os negros as searas dos arrozes naquellas lalas, e fazem valados de terra por amor da venida do rio, mas nem por isso deixa o rio muitas vezes de os romper e alagar as searas. Depois deste arroz nado, o arrancão e transpõem em outras lalas mais enxutas, onde dá logo mantimento:  p. 36 Re vera in locos aquosiores transplantant, sicut Michael de la Courbe, anno fere 1685 per has regiones iter faciens, explicavit.

De virtutibus Shawn Murray anno 2004 "Oryzam Africanam" scripsit, "saporis nucei facultatisque ventrum generose replendorum causa, populi plures Africae occidentalis tanti ponderis aestimaverunt, ut cena sine hac haud cena sit".Its nutty flavour and ability to "fill one up properly" has led many societies of West Africa to consider African rice so important that without it, a meal is simply not a meal: , citato J. R. Harlan in T. Shaw et al., edd., The Archaeology of Africa: Food, metals and towns (Londinii: Routledge, 1995) Similiter Olga Linares anno 2002 "oryza Africana stomacho graviorem esse dicitur" ait "famemque melius quatere. Farinam bonam, aromaticam, saporosam reddit ... unde conficiuntur potionem, pultem, panicella sive elixanda seu craticulis torrenda".African rice is said be “heavier” on the stomach and hence better at quenching hunger. It also makes a good flour that is more aromatic and tastes better than the flour made from the O. sativa species. As a flour it can be consumed as a drink, as porridge, cooked as dumplings, or grilled over hot cinders:  Fruges tam utiles, medio saeculo XX late cultae, hodie a plurimis reiiciuntur. Oryza Africana etiamnunc colitur, sed rarissime ut comedatur, fere semper ut deis offeratur.P. Richards in R. Ellen, K. Fukui, edd., Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication (Oxoniae: Berg, 1996) p. 297; 

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
 Fontes antiquiores
 1506/1508 : 
 1594 : 
 c. 1685 : {{ec|id=La Courbe|c=Michel Jajolet de de la Courbe; P. Cultru, ed., Premier Voyage du sieur de la Courbe fait a la coste d'Afrique en 1685 (Lutetiae: Champion, 1913) pp. 208–209 et alibi}}

 Eruditio
 "African Rice" in Lost Crops of Africa: Volume I: Grains (Vasingtoniae: National Academies Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-309-04990-0) ~


 P. Martin, "Amélioration des conditions de production du riz flottant au Mali (période 1963-1973)" IN L'Agronomie Tropicale vol. 31 (1976) pp. 194-201
 Min Hu et al., "The domestication of plant architecture in African rice" in Plant Journal vol. 94 (2018)

 S. R. Pearson, J. D. Stryker, C. P. Humphreys, Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics. Stanfordiae: Stanford University Press, 1981
 Roland Portères, "Taxonomic botany of the cultivated rices of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima" in Agronomie Tropicale et Botanique Appliqué vol. 3 (1956) pp. 341–384, 541–580, 627–700, 821–856

 P. Richards, "Agrarian creolization: the ethnobiology, history, culture and politics of West African rice" in R. Ellen, K. Fukui, edd., Redefining nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication (Oxoniae: Berg, 1996)
 Peterson Wambugu, Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop, Robert James Henry, "Genetics and Genomics of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) Domestication" in Rice vol. 14 (2021)

 Digitaria exilis Nexus externi 
 "Carolina Gold" apud National Geographic N. M. Nayar, "Origin of African rice from Asian rice" apud Second Africa Rice Congress, Bamako, Mali, 22–26 March 2010: Innovation and Partnerships to Realize Africa’s Rice Potential''

Categoria:Agricultura tropica
Categoria:Fruges Africae occidentalis
Categoria:Oryza
Categoria:Species plantarum
Categoria:Taxa Steudel
Categoria:Taxa 1853