Acanthuridae

Acanthuridae (ex Graeco  άκανθα 'spina' + ουρά 'cauda') sunt familia piscum perciformium. Familia circa octoginta species in sex generibus comprehendit, quarum omnium sunt pisces marini in oceanis habitantes, usitate ad scopulos curalii. Multis harum specierum sunt colores vividi, quam ob rem eae sunt populo magnopere gratae pro usu in aquariis domesticis. Familia a Constantino Rafinesque naturalista Francica anno 1810 instituta est.

Praecipua familiae proprietas est spina periculose acuta, una aut plus, prope pedunculam caudalem. Pinnae dorsalis analisque sunt breviores contractaeve, sed paene in omnem corporis longitudinem patent. Os est parvum, uno dentium ordine praeditum, ad algas comestas adhibito..

Multae species sunt parvae, ad 15–40 cm longae; sed aliquae generis Acanthuri species, aliquae generis Prionuri, et plurimae generis Nasonis, possunt in maius crescere; Naso enim annulatus, maxima familiae species, ad 1 m longa adsequitur. Minores familiae species sunt Acanthurus japonicus et Acanthurus randalli, qui ad 18 cm crescunt; minima est Ctenochaetus tominiensis, solum ad 12 cm longus.

In aquario
Acanthuridae saepe in aquariis domesticis adhibentur, ubi sunt ad morbos pronae. Eae celeriter crescunt, etiam in aquariis.  Maiores quidem familiae species, sicut Paracanthurus hepatus (populo gratissimus, quia in pellicula Finding Nemo celeberrime apparet), Naso, et aliae, quia possunt ad 40 cm crescere, spatium natandi locosque se celandi requirunt.

Quia acanthuridae earum spatium infense defendentes possunt oppugnare et interficere alios pisces, aliquae aquaristae habent eas in aquario ad postremum poni. Eae macroalgis sicut Caulerpa et Gracilia praecipue vescuntur.  Multae aquaristae macroalgas in refugio excolunt; hic modus non solum est diligenter utilis, sed naturam aquae propter absorptionem nitrati emendat. Auctus algarum temperari potest cum hae macroalgae acanthuridis pro cibo dantur.

Taxinomia

Subfamiliae et genera
Acanthurinae
Acanthurus Forsskål, 1775
Ctenochaetus Gill, 1884
Paracanthurus Bleeker, 1863
Zebrasoma Swainson, 1839
Nasinae
Naso Lacepède, 1801
Prionurinae
Prionurus Lacepède, 1804

Genera et species
Acanthurus
 Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803.
 Acanthurus albipectoralis Allen & Ayling, 1987.
 Acanthurus auranticavus Randall, 1956.
 Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855.
 Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831.
 Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835.
 Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787).
 Acanthurus chronixis Randall, 1960.
 Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801.
 Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835.
 Acanthurus fowleri de Beaufort, 1951.
 Acanthurus gahhm (Forsskål, 1775).
 Acanthurus grammoptilus Richardson, 1843.
 Acanthurus guttatus Forster, 1801.
 Acanthurus japonicus (Schmidt, 1931).
 Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre, 1927.
 Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins, 1903).
 Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1833.
 Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758).
 Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923).
 Acanthurus mata (Cuvier, 1829).
 Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner, 1876.
 Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758).
 Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929.
 Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775).
 Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, 1835.
 Acanthurus nubilus (Fowler & Bean, 1929).
 Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider, 1801.
 Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868).
 Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834.
 Acanthurus randalli Briggs & Caldwell, 1957.
 Acanthurus reversus Randall & Earle, 1999.
 Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål, 1775).
 Acanthurus tennentii Günther, 1861.
 Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923).
 Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758).
 Acanthurus tristis Randall, 1993.
 Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835.
Ctenochaetus
 Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955.
 Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus Randall & Clements, 2001.
 Ctenochaetus flavicauda Fowler, 1938.
 Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1835).
 Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
 Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett, 1828).
 Ctenochaetus tominiensis Randall, 1955.
 Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements, 2001.
Naso
 Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
 Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, 1835).
 Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829).
 Naso caeruleacauda Randall, 1994.
 Naso caesius Randall & Bell, 1992.
 Naso elegans (Rüppell, 1829).
 Naso fageni Morrow, 1954.
 Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855).
 Naso lituratus (Forster, 1801).
 Naso lopezi Herre, 1927.
 Naso maculatus Randall & Struhsaker, 1981.
 Naso mcdadei Johnson, 2002.
 Naso minor (Smith, 1966).
 Naso reticulatus Randall, 2001.
 Naso thynnoides (Cuvier, 1829).
 Naso tonganus (Valenciennes, 1835).
 Naso tuberosus Lacépède, 1801.
 Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775).
 Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes, 1835).
Paracanthurus
 Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766).
Prionurus
 Prionurus biafraensis (Blache & Rossignol, 1961).
 Prionurus chrysurus Randall, 2001.
 Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846).
 Prionurus maculatus (Randall & Struhsaker, 1981).
 Prionurus microlepidotus Lacépède, 1804.
 Prionurus punctatus Gill, 1862.
 Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835.
Zebrasoma
 Zebrasoma desjardinii (Bennett, 1836).
 Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett, 1828).
 Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes, 1835).
 Zebrasoma rostratum (Günther, 1875).
 Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829).
 Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1795).
 Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth, 1852).

Saeculo vicensimo ineunte, familia saepe est Hepatidae appellata.Alvin Seale, "New Species of Philippine Fishes," Philippine Journal of Science 4(6) (Bureau of Science in Manila, 1909).

Notae


Bibliographia
Debelius, Helmut, et Rudie H. Kuiter. 2002. Doktorfische und ihre Verwandten. Stutgardiae: Ulmer. ISBN 3-8001-3669-4.
Frank, Stanislav. 1998. Meeresfische. Hannoviae: Werner Dausien ISBN 3-7684-2940-7.
Göthel, Helmut. 1993. Farbatlas Meeresfauna: Rotes Meer, Indischer Ozean (Malediven). Stutgardiae: Ulmer. ISBN 3-8001-7266-6.
Luty, André. 1999. Doktorfische: Lebensweise—Pflege—Arten. Ettlingen: Dähne. ISBN 3-921684-61-7.
Nelson, Joseph S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Novi Ebroaci: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
Seale, Alvin. 1909. "New Species of Philippine Fishes." Philippine Journal of Science 4(6). Bureau of Science in Manila.
Vilcinskas, Andreas. 2000. Meerestiere der Tropen. Stutgardiae: Franckh-Kosmos. ISBN 3-440-07943-0.

 Nexus externi 

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Categoria:Animalia quae coloribus commutari possunt
Categoria:Taxa Rafinesque
Categoria:Taxa 1810