Mycorrhiza

Mycorrhiza (a Graeco, 'radix fungi')Verbum ab A. B. Frank ("Über die auf Würzelsymbiose beruhende Ehrnährung gewisser Bäum durch unterirdische Pilze," Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 3(1885):128–145) excogitatum est. est consociatio symbiotica, aliquando infirme pathogenica, inter fungos et radices plantae (Kirk et al. 2001). In consociatione mycorrhizosa, fungus radices hospitis plantae intra cellulas vel extra cellulas "colonizat." Haec consociatio est gravis vitae soli pars. Mycorrhizae adsunt in 92 centesimis familiarum plantarum et in 80 centesimis specierum (Wang & Qiu 2006).

Genera mycorrhizarum
Mycorrhizae usitate in ectomycorrhizas et endomycorrhizas dividuntur, greges qui inter se differunt quod hyphae fungorum ectomycorrhizalium singulas in radice cellulas non pervadunt, cum hyphae fungorum endomycorrhizalium vallum cellularem pervadunt et membranas cellulares invaginant.

Endomycorrhizae
Endomycorrhizae sunt variabiles, et in mycorrhizas arbuscularas, ericoidas, arbutoidas, monotropoidas, et orchidaceas dividuntur (Peterson et al. 2004). Mycorrhizae arbusculares sunt mycorrhizae quorum hyphae cellulas plantarum penetrant, structuras aut vesicula (sicut ballonae) aut arbuscula (invaginationes quae ramos porrigunt) gignentes. Hyphae fungorum protoplastum (interiorem cellulae partem) revera non penetrant, sed membranam cellularem invaginant. Structura arbusculorum superficialem contactus aream magnopere auget inter hyphas et cytoplasma cellularum ad translationes nutrimentorum inter ea amplicifandas.

Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Glomeromycota
Mucigel

Notae

Bibliographia
 Jeffries, P., S. Gianinazzi, S. Perotto, K. Turnau, et J.-M. Barea. 2003. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biol. Fertility Soils 37:1–16.
 Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David, et J. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. Editio nona. Wallingford: CAB International.
 Li, H., S. E. Smith, R. E. Holloway, Y. Zhu, et F. A. Smith 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to phosphorus uptake by wheat grown in a phosphorus-fixing soil even in the absence of positive growth responses. New Phytol. 172:536–543. 
 Midgley, D. J., S. M. Chambers, et J. W. G.Cairney. 2002. Spatial distribution of fungal endophyte genotypes in a Woollsia pungens (Ericaceae) root system. Australian Journal of Botany 50:559–565.
 Peterson, R. L., H. B. Massicotte, et L. H. Melville. 2004. Mycorrhizas: anatomy and cell biology. National Research Council Research Press. ISBN 9780660190877. http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/books/books/9780660190877.html.
 Wang, B., et Y. L. Qiu. 2006. Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants.Mycorrhizahello 16(5):299–363. http://www.springerlink.com/index/X7151P60502078U1.pdf.

Nexus externi
Orchid mycorrhiza extraction & culture
Mycorrhizal Associations: The Web Resource
Mycorrhizas – a successful symbiosis
International Mycorrhiza Society

Categoria:Biologia solorum
Categoria:Fungi
Categoria:Radices plantarum
Categoria:Symbiosis