Cocos nucifera

Cocos nuciferaGenetivo Cocois nuciferae, e.g. Ioannes Christianus Felix Baehr, coll., Ctesiae Cnidii operum reliquiae (Francofurti ad Moenum: 1824), p. 327; rarius Cocotis, e.g. Henricus Fridericus Link, Elementa Philosophiae Botanicae (Berolini: 1824), p. 321. (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo statutum) est utilissima familiae Arecacearum planta, sola generis Cocois species, magna palma, quae ad 30 metra alta crescit, foliis pinnatis 4–6 metra longis, pinnis 60–90 centimetra longis. Foliis veteribus se defringentibus, truncus manet levis quasi rasilis. Nucem Indicam producit.

Cocos nucifera per tropicas colitur pro multis usibus, culinariis et non culinariis, et aliquando est pro ornamento. Paene omnis eius pars usus humanos habet. In caelis frigidioribus (sed non minus quam USDA Zona 9), cocois similis, Syagrus romanzoffiana, in architectura terrestri adhibetur. Eius fructus sunt "nucum" cocois similes, sed multum minores. Olim classificatus est in genere Cocois, sed deinde ad genus Syagrum motus est. Beccariophoenix alfredii, palma in Madagascaria recentius inventa, est cocois similior Syagru romanzoffiana.

Cocos per paene omnibus terras tropicas viget, partim ab hominibus maritimis adiuta. Fructus est levis, aquam magnopere resistens, unde se fluctibus marinis trans spatia ampla dispergere potest.Foale, M. "The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life." Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2003 Fructus mari conlectus tam septentrionalis quam Norvegia potest vivere. In Havaiis, cocos habetur introductio Polynesia, ad insulas a nautis Polynesiis primum adlata a patriis in Oceania Australi. Adsunt in paene omnibus locis inter 26°N et 26°S, interioribus Africae Americaeque Australis partibus exceptis.

Plantae flores sunt polygamomonoecii, masculinos femineosque partes in eadem inflorescentia habentes. Florescentia perpetuo agitur. Plurimae plantae habentur vicissim transpollinare, sed aliquae varietates nanae se pollen dant. Plantae nux revera est endospermium edule, in interiore putaminis superficie situm. Intra stratum endospermii, nux aquam cocois"Aqua cocois": Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung (1852) p. 204; cf. "lac cocois" ibidem p. 210 continet, perlucidum dulce salsumve, aut dulce salsumque liquidum.

 Origo et historia 
Nautae Angli annis 1578 et 1585 nuces Indicas inter primos admiraverunt: Eduardus Cliffe, navigationem Ioannis Winter cum Francisco Drako anno 1577 inceptam narrans, fructus his verbis descripsit:
Repperimus insuper arborem fructus cocois ferentem, maiores quam caput hominis, intra corticem exteriorem unciarum trium crassitudine aliquam nucem habens mensura binorum pugnorum quae substantiam albam sibi haerentem continet, dimidia uncia crassam, gustu suavissimam. Intra cavitas vel locus vacuus latet quo continetur aqua pura suavisque quam nonnulli mirabiliter roborantem esse censent.Wee found also a tree which beareth the fruite cocos, which is bigger then a mans head, having within the utter coate, which is about 3 inches thicke, a certain nut as bigge as two fists, and hath within a white substance, cleaving fast to the shell, which is halfe an inche thick, very pleasant to taste, and within that a certaine hollownesse or voyde place, wherein is contained a pure and pleasant water in taste, and as some thinke, marvellous comfortable. Edward Cliffe in Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (2a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1598-1600) p. 749; cf. Walterus Bygges, Expeditio Francisci Draki equitis Angli in Indias Occidentales anno MDLXXXV. Leydae: apud Fr. Raphelengium Textus cum p. 14 editionis Anglici; Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations ... (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) supplementum (post p. 743 insertum) fol. 4v

 Distributio 
Cocos in solis harenosis viget, et salinitatem valde tolerat.

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
 Fontes antiquiores
 saeculo 6 : Cosmas Indicopleustes, Topographia Christiana 11.11 Graece
 1567 : Garcias ab Orta; Carolus Clusius, interpr., Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia lib. i cap. 26 "nux Indica"
 1568 : William Turner, The First and Seconde Partes of the Herbal ... with the Third Parte. Coloniae Agrippinae vol. 3 p. 49
 1590 : 
 1597 : 
 1601 : 
 1741 :  vol. 1 pp. 1-12 et tab. 1; cf.  p. 123
 1753 : 

 Eruditio recentior
 Adkins S. W., M. Foale, et Y. M. S. Samosir, eds. 2006. Coconut revival – new possibilities for the ‘tree of life’. Proceedings of the International Coconut Forum held in Cairns, Australia, November 22–24, 2005. ACIAR Proceedings No. 125. ISBN 1-86320-515-2.
 Batugal, P., V. R. Rao, et J. Oliver. 2005. Coconut Genetic Resources. Bioversity International. PDF. ISBN 9789290436294.
 Bee F. Gunn, Luc Baudouin, et Kenneth M. Olsen. 2011. Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in the Old World Tropics. PLOS One, 22 Iunii.
 Foale, M. 2003. The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
 Frison, E. A., C. A. J. Putter, et M. Diekmann, eds. 1993. Coconut. ISBN 978-92-9043-156-5.
 International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). 1995. Descriptors for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). ISBN 9789290432159.
 Mathur, P. N., K. Muralidharan, V. A. Parthasarathy, P. Batugal, et F. Bonnot. 2008. Data Analysis Manual for Coconut Researchers. ISBN 9789290437369.
 Salunkhe, D. K., J. K. Chavan, R. N. Adsule, et S. S. Kadam. 1992. World Oilseeds: Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization. Springer. ISBN 9780442001124.
 Whistler, W. Arthur. 1996. Samoan Herbal Medicine. Honolulu: Isla Botanica. ISBN 0-9645426-2-5.

 Nexus externi 

 Coconut Varieties Endemic to Sri Lanka
 Coconut Time Line
 Plant Cultures: botany, history and uses of the coconut
 Purdue University crop pages: Cocos nucifera
 Coconut
 Cocos nucifera apud Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project
 Descriptors for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
 Coconut Research Center

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Categoria:Taxa Linnaei
Categoria:Victualia
Categoria:Taxa 1753