Nomina Latina e lingua Arabica mutuata

Nomina stellarum et hominum hic inclusa non sunt. De quibus vide: Nomina stellarum Arabica et Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi.


Ab octavo saeculo p.C.n., magna parte terrarum Mare Mediterraneum circumiacentium ab exercitibus Arabicis occupata, gentes Europae multa nomina e lingua Arabica mutuatae sunt. Quorum partem e lingua Arabica colloquiali primum in linguas vulgares transmissam postea lingua Latina sibi adscivit, partem e litteris Arabicis derecto in versionibus Latinis adhibitam inde linguae vulgares receperunt. Multa horum nominum lingua Arabica ipsa ex aliis linguis, ut Persica et Graeca, mutuata erat.

 Index nominum e lingua Arabica mutuatorum 
 Latine  Anglice  Etymologia  Synonyma (quasi) classica alchanna  henna / alkanet  الحناء  al-ḥinnāʾ = herba Lawsonia inermis  cypros, cyprinum alchemia  alchemy  الخيمياء al-ḫīmiyāʾ /  الكيمياء al-kīmiyāʾ <  sive  (Gr.) = creatio argenti et auri, fort. a keme (Aegypt.) = humus  alcohol  alcohol  الكحل al-kuḥl = pulvis stibii  ~ spiritus vini Alcoranus  Koran  القرآن ‎al-qurʾān = recitatio   alembicus  alembic   الإنبيق  al-ʾinbīq (Ar.) <  (Gr.) = lagoena   alfinus  Hisp.: alfil  الفيل al-fīl (Ar.) <  پيل pīl (Pers.) = elephantus episcopus (scacci) algebra  algebra  الجبر  al-ǧabr = disciplina   algorithmus  algorithm  الخوارزمي  al-ḫwarizmi = Algorismus (nomen proprium a Chorasmia derivatum)   alhidada  alidade   العِضَادة al-ʿiḍāda, fortasse a عضد ʿaḍada = adiuvare  dioptra, linea fiduciae alkali  alkali  القلي  al-qili = potassa, a verbo قلی  qalā, i.e. 'coquere'   Almagestus  Almagest   المجسطي  al-miǧisṭi <  (Gr.) = "illa maxima"  Syntaxis mathematica almanach(um) (-i, n.)  almanac  المناخ  al-manāḫ = status caeli  calendarium, parapegma aludel(lum)  aludel  الأثال al-ʾuṯāl   amalgama (-tis, n.)  amalgam  الملغم  al-malġam (Ar.) = argento vivo ligatum < ?  (Gr.) = massa mollis   ambar(um), ambra  amber / ambergris  عنبر ʿanbar = ambra grisea / succinum  ~ succinum a(d)miralis  admiral  (أمير  ال (بحر  ʾamīru l-(baḥr) = dux (maris)  praefectus classis articactus  artichoke  الخرشوف al-ḫaršūf = herba Cynara scolymus  cinara  Assassinus  Assassin  حشاشين  ḥaššāšīn, acc. / gen. pl. indeterminati vocis الحشاش al-ḥaššāš = qui cannabim sumit ~ sicarius athanor  athanor  التَنُّور  at-tannūr = fornax  fornax sublimatoria attabi  tabby   عتابي ʿattābī = tela quaedam serica lineata  ~ sericum, bombyx aurantium  (bitter) orange   نارنج  nāranǧ (Ar.) < نارنگ nārang (Pers.) < नारङ्ग nāraṅga (Sans.) = Citrus × aurantium  ~ citrus, citromalum azimuth(um) (-i, n.)  azimuth  السموت  as-sumūt = semitae (pl.)   azoara  sura  السور  as-suwar (pl.) (a singulari سورة sūrah = sura, i.e. capitulum Alcorani)  azoth, azoc  azoth  الزّئبق az-zāʾūq (Ar.) < ژیوک žīwak (Pe.) = "vivum (sc. argentum)"  argentum vivum baldachinus  baldachin  بغدادي  baġdādī = sericum e Bagdado (Latinitate Mediaevali Baldach vocato)  ballota  Hisp.: bellota  بلّوط  ballūṭ =  quercus / glans  ~ ilex beduinus  bedouin  بدوي  badawī = incola desertorum (< بدو  badw = deserta)   berberis  barberry  برباريس  barbārīs (Ar.) <  أمبرباريس  ʾambarbārīs (Barb.)  bezoar  bezoar  بازهر  bāzahr (Ar.)  < پادزهر  pād-zahr (Pers.) = contra-venenum  ~ antidotum borago  borage   بو عرق bū ʿaraq (Ar. vulg.) < أبو عرق ʾabū ʿaraq (Ar. class.) = "pater sudoris"   borax  borax   بورق bawraq (Ar.) <  بوره  būrah (Pers.) = natrii tetraboras decahydricus (Na2B4O7·10H2O)  chrysocolla calibra  caliber  قالب  qālib = forma <  (Gr.) = forma sutoria  diametros, modulus calipha  caliph   خليفة  ḫalīfa = successor   camphora  camphor  كافور  kāfūr  carminium  carmine  قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum"  ~ coccum carratus  carat   قيراط  qīrāṭ  (Ar.) <   (Gr.) = granum Ceratoniae siliquae  ~ siliqua (pondus) carrubium  carob  خروب ḫarrūb = granum Ceratoniae siliquae  siliqua Graeca carvi  caraway  كراوية karāwiya  careum cifra  cipher  صفر ṣifr = nullum  coffeum  coffee  kahve (Tu.) <  قهوة qahwa (Ar.)  coton cotton  قُطْن quṭn  xylinon cremesinus  crimson  قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum"  coccinus curcuma  curcuma  كركم kurkum = crocus   elixir  elixir   الإكسير  al-ʾiksīr (Ar.) <  (Gr.) = "pulvis medicinalis"   ferzia  fers  فرز firz / فرزان firzān (Ar.) < فرزين farzin (Pers.) = consiliarius  regina (scacci) gazella  gazelle  غزال ġazāl  dorcas hasardus  hazard   الزّهر az-zahr = aleae  ludus alearius Hegira  Hegira  هجرة  hiǧra = migratio   iasminum  jasmine  یسمین  yasmīn (Ar.) < یاسمین  yāsamīn (Pers.) = "donum Dei"  iulapium, iulebus  julep   جلاب  ǧulāb (Ar.) <  گلاب gulāb (Pers.) = aqua rosata   kermes, chermes  kermes  قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum"  coccum lapis lazuli  lapis lazuli   لازورد  lāzaward (Ar.) <  لاجورد  lāǧward (Pers.)   limon  lemon   لیمون  līmūn / laimūn (Ar.) <  لیمون  līmūn (Pers.) = Citrus × limon
  ~ citrus, citromalum lumia  lime   ليمة  līma (Ar.) <  لیمو līmū (Pers.) = Citrus latifolia  ~ citrus, citromalum marchasita  marcasite  مارقشيثا  mārqašīṯā (Ar.) < marqaššaitā (Syr.) < marḫašu (Acc.)  ~ pyrites matracium (culcita)  mattress  مطرح  maṭraḥ = locus sternendi  culcita matracium (lagoena)  matrass  مطرة  maṭra = uter  ~ uter / lagoena melongena  aubergine / brinjal  باذنْجان bāḏinǧān (Ar.) <  بادِنگان  bādingān (Pe.) < vātiṃgaṇa (Sans.)  meschita, mosch(a)ea  mosque   مسجد‎  masǧid = locus venerandi   minaretum  minaret   منارة  manāra = pharus, minaretum  mumia  mummy  مومية  mūmiyya (Ar.) = bitumen <  موم  mūm (Pers.) = cera   musulman(n)us  musulman   مسلمان  musulmān (Pers.) <  مسلم‎ muslim (Ar.) = qui se submittit   nadir (indecl. n.)  nadir  نَظِير  naẓīr = contra / adversus   natron  natron   نطرون   naṭrūn (Ar.) <  (Gr.) < n-t-r (Aeg.)   realgar  realgar  رهج الغار rahǧ al-ġār = 'pulvis effossionis'  rochus  rook   رخ  ruḫḫ (Ar.) <  رخ roḫ (Pers.) = currus  turris (scacci) safranum  saffron   زَعْفَرَان‎  zaʿfarān (Pers.) <  أَصْفَر‎  aṣfar (Ar.) = croceus  crocus scarlata  scarlet  سقرلاط  saqirlāṭ (Hisp. Ar.) < سقلاط siqillāṭ (Ar.), fort. a  (Byz. Gr.) < sigillatum (Lat.)  sirupus  syrup  شراب   šarāb = potio   soda (herba/sal)  soda  سود suwwad / سواد suwwād = herba Salsola soda aut S. kali  soda (dolor)  -  صداع ṣudāʿ = dolor capitis  spinacia  spinach  اسبانخ ʾisbānaḫ / اسفاناخ ʾisfānāḫ (Ar.) <  اسفناج ʾisfanāǧ (Pe.) = herba Spinacia oleracea  olus Hispanicum sultanus  sultan  سلطان‎  sulṭān   (as)sura, surata  sura  ال)سورة) (as-)sūra = sura, i.e. capitulum Alcorani  Tacuinum sanitatis  Tacuinum sanitatis  تقويم الصحة taqwīm aṣ‑ṣiḥḥa = 'tabulae sanitatis'  talcum  talc  طلق ṭalq (Ar.) <  تالک  talk (Pe.) = "magnesii silicas hydroxydatus" (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)  talisman (-is, n.)  talisman  طلسم  ṭilasm (Ar.) <  (Byz. Gr.) = ritus, mysterium, amuletum  amuletum tamarindus  tamarind  تمر هندي tamr hindī, i.e. 'palma Indica'  vezirus  vizier  وزير  wazīr (Pers.)   zenith(um) (-i, n.)  zenith  (سمت (الرأس  samt (ar-raʾs) = "semita capitis"  ~ vertex zephirum  zero  صفر ṣafira = "vacuum erat"  

 Fontes 
Online Etymology Dictionary (© 2001 Douglas Harper)
J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', Journal of Semitic Studies, 17 (1972), pp.33-67
J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin (2): Letter C, M.L.D.''', Journal of Semitic Studies, 21 (1976), pp.120-137
J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin (3): Letters D-F, M.L.D.', Journal of Semitic Studies, 34 (1989), pp.459-469
Peter Stotz, Handbuch zur lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters (2002), liber apud books.google.com
Raja Tazi, Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998) liber apud books.google.com

 Nomina Anglica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Anglice et Arabice
 Nomina Aragonica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Aragonice
 Nomina Catalanica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Catalanice
 Nomina Batava e lingua Arabica mutuata, Batave
 Nomina Francogallica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Francogallice et Anglice
 Nomina Gallaica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Gallaice
 Nomina Hispanica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Hispanice et Anglice
 Nomina Lusitana e lingua Arabica mutuata, Lusitane et Anglice
 Nomina Suecica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Suecice
 Nomina Theodisca e lingua Arabica mutuata, Theodisce
 Nomina Anglica e lingua Persica mutuata, Anglice
 Translitteratio litterarum Arabicarum ISO 233, Anglice

 Nexus externi 
 Word lists – Arabic loan-words - From Old English to Standard English 3rd edition
 Notes from a Linguistic Mystic - 'What do assassins and sofas have in common? English words with Arabic origins'
 Alan Pimm-Smith 'From Arabic to English' in: eJournal USA, August 2007
 'Arabic words in English' at 1001inventions.com
 Luiz Jean Lauand, 'Palabras de Origen Árabe Diccionarizadas en Inglés y en Español', Collatio 4 (1999), pp. 55-98
 'Parliamo Arabo ...'

Categoria:Lingua Latina
Categoria:Lingua Persica
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