Angiospermae

Angiospermae, olim Magnoliophyta, sunt plantae florentes in diversissimo embryophytorum (plantarum terrestrium) grege. Quae cum gymnospermis sunt soli spermatophytorum greges vivi. Apomorphiis (proprietatibus deductis) distinguuntur ab aliis plantis quae semina faciunt. Maiores plantarum florentium a gymnospermis abhinc annorum circa 245–202 decies centena milia decesserunt.

 Classificatio 
 Phylogenia angiospermarum.
Sunt octo angiospermarum viventium greges:
 Amborella: singularis frutex in Nova Caledonia
 Nymphaeales: circa 80 species (Nymphaeaceae et Hydatellaceae)
 Austrobaileyales: circa 100 species plantarum lignearum in variis mundi regionibus
 Chloranthales: circa 50 species plantarum aromaticarum foliis dentatis
 Ceratophyllum: circa 6 species plantarum aquaticarum
 Magnoliidae: circa 9000 species, 
 Eudicotyledones: circa 175 000 species, 
 Monocotyledones: circa 70 000 species, 

 Diversitas angiospermarum 
Numerus specierum angiospermarum inter 250 000 et 400 000 aestimatur.Scotland, R. W., et A. H. Wortley. 2003. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon 52(1):101–104. Doi=10.2307/3647306.Thorne, R. F. 2002. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon 51(3):511–522. Doi=10.2307/1554864.Govaerts, R. 2003. "How many species of seed plants are there?—A Response." Taxon 52(3):583–584. Doi=10.2307/3647457. Numerus familiarum in APG (1998) fuit 462. In APG II (2003), maximus est 457, sed hic numerus 55 segregata opinabilia continet; minimus ergo numerus hoc in systemate est 402.

Diversissimae angiospermarum familiae, in circumscriptionibus APG, ordine numeri specierum, sunt:
 Asteraceae: 23,600Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
 Orchidaceae: 21,950
 Fabaceae: 19,400
 Rubiaceae: 13,183Kew Scientist no. 30 (Octobri 2006)
 Poaceae: 10,035
 Lamiaceae: 7,173
 Euphorbiaceae: 5,735
 Myrtaceae: 4,620
 Melastomataceae: 4,570
 Cyperaceae: 4,350
Hoc in indice (maximas decem familias monstrante), Orchidaceae, Poaceae, et Cyperaceae sunt monocotyledones; aliae sunt eudicotyledones.

 Notae 
200px|thumb|Conformationes coloresque florum

Bibliographia
 Bell, Charles D., Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis. 2010. "The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited." American Journal of Botany vol. 97 (2010) pp. 1296-1303. JSTOR recensio anterior
 Cronquist, Arthur. 1981 An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.
 Dilcher, D. 2000. "Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record." PNAS [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] 97:7030–7036 
 J. Doyle, "Molecular and fossil evidence on the origin of Angiosperms" in Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences vol. 40 (2012) pp. 301–326
 Heywood, V. H., R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham, A., et O. Seberg. 2007. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55407-206-9.
 Hong Qian, Yi Jin. 2016. "An updated megaphylogeny of plants, a tool for generating plant phylogenies and an analysis of phylogenetic community structure." Journal of Plant Ecology vol. 9 (2016) pp. 233–239 eadem res alibi
 Janssens, Steven B. 2020. "A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses". Biodiversity Data Journal vol. 8 e39677
 Raven, P. H., et D. I. Axelrod. 1974. "Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 61: 539–673. JSTOR
 Raven, P. H., R. F. Evert, et S. E. Eichhorn. 2004. Biology of Plants. Editio 7a. W. H. Freeman.
 Scutt, Charles P. 2018. "The Origin of Angiosperms." In: L. Nuño de la Rosa, G.B. Müller (edd.), Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Springer.
 Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press.
 Soltis, Douglas E., et al. 2010. "Assembling the Angiosperm Tree of Life: Progress and Future Prospects." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden vol. 97 pp. 514-526.
 Thorne, Robert F. 1992-2000. "The classification and geography of the flowering plants." Botanical Review vol. 58 pp. 225-348 JSTOR, vol. 66 pp. 441–647 JSTOR.
 Thorne, Robert F. 2002. "How many species of seed plants are there?" Taxon vol. 51 (2002) pp. 511-512.
 Watson, L., et M. J. Dallwitz. 1992+. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
 Wikström, Niklas, Vincent Savolainen, Mark W. Chase. 2001. "Evolution of the Angiosperms: Calibrating the Family Tree" in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences vol. 268 (2001) pp. 2211-2220 JSTOR
 Zanne, Amy E. et al. 2014. "Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments". Nature vol. 506 (2013) pp. 89–92 eadem res alibi res corrigenda

Nexus externi

Angiospermae, UC Berkeley video lecture
Cole, Theodor C. H., et Harmut H. Hilger. Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics, www.biologie.fu-berlin.de
Cromie, William J. 1999. "Oldest Known Flowering Plants Identified By Genes." Harvard Gazette, 16 Decembris.
Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992+). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.

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Categoria:Pollinatio
Categoria:Sexualitas plantarum
Categoria:Taxa Lindley
Categoria:Taxinomia plantarum
Categoria:Taxa intercalaria