Theobroma cacao

Theobroma cacao est species plantarum florentium in familia Malvacearum, endemicum in America, unde Hispani in Africam tulerunt. Ex eius seminibus fabricatur socolata. Fructus huius species cibum potionemque fortem hominibus, cibum etiam simiis speciei Ateles geoffroyi praebent. Anno 1605 Carolus Clusius in Exoticorum libros decem descriptionem satis longam inseruit e textu operis Hieronymi Benzonis, iam antea Latine verso (Novae Novi orbis historiae, 1578), recitatam:
Celebrem etiam per universam Americam, multique usus fructum Cacao appellatum, ... cuius fructus quum luculenta descriptio extet apud Benzonem, qui miles aliquot annis novi orbis provincias peragravit, ipsius verba, ut ab Urbano Calvetone Latina facta sunt, hîc subiicere libuit ... Duo inter cetera fert hæc tellus ... Unum, pavonum quoddam genus est, qui in Europam translati, vulgò Gallinæ Indicæ vocantur. Alterum, id quod Cacavate appellant, quod monetæ usum illis præbet. Id fert arbor modicae magnitudinis, quæ nisi calido loco, sed obaco vivit: nam simul ac sole tacta est, contabescit Itaque fere in silvis umbroso & humido loco seritur: neque id satis, sed juxta ejus generis arborem, aliam editiorem plantant: quae simul ac adolescere cæpit, eius cacumen ita concinnant, aptantque, ut dulta ea arbor Cacavatem inumbret, defendatque ab æstu, ut solis radiis lædi non possit ... Potum ex ea confecturi [etc. Vide "Socolata"] ... Hactenus Benzo". :  in textu adducitur. Cf. Hieronymus Benzo; Urbanus Calveto, interpr., Novae Novi orbis historiae, id est, rerum ab Hispanis in India occidentali hactenus gestarum, et acerbo illorum in eas gentes dominatu, libri tres (Genavae, 1578. Textus) unde textus citatur.

 Theobrominum

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
 Fontes antiquiores de arbore fructuque cacao
 1516 : Petrus Martyr ab Angleria, Decades de Orbe Novo p. 348 ("cacaum -i"?), cf. indicem "Cacai arbores ex quibus moneta fit, 348"
 circa 1530 : Toribius Motolinia, Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España pp. 193-194 editionis 1914 etc.
 1552 : Martinus de la Cruz, Libellus de medicinalibus Indorum herbis f. 56v
 c. 1560 : 
 1565 : 
 ante 1569 : 
 ante 1581 : 
 1582 : 
 1590 : José de Acosta, Historia natural y moral de las Indias (Hispali) pp. 250-253; Edward Grimston, interpr., The naturall and moral historie of the East and West Indies (Londinii, 1604) pp. 270-273
 1591 : Juan de Cárdenas, Primera parte de los problemas y secretos maravillosos de las Indias. Mexicopoli, 1591 pp. 97-113 editionis 1913
 ante 1595 : 
 1605 : 
 1658 : Iacobus Bontius; Gulielmus Piso, ed., De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica libri (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) textus  ("De chocolata Inda; De arbore cacavifera")
 1753 : 

 Fontes antiquiores de chocolata

 De origine
 Nathaniel Bletter, Douglas C. Daly, "Cacao and its relatives in South America" in Cameron L. McNeil, ed., Chocolate in Mesoamerica: a cultural history of cacao (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2006) pp. 31-68
 Charles R. Clement, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Alessandro Alves Pereira, Doriane Picanço-Rodrigues, "Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops" in Diversity vol. 2 (2010) pp. 72-106
 Omar E. Cornejo et al., "Genomic insights into the domestication of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L." apud BiorXiv (22 Novembris 2017)
 José Cuatrecasas, "Cacao and Its Allies: A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Theobroma" in Contributions of the US National Herbarium vol. 35 (1964) pp. 379-614 
 Rey Gaston Loor Solorzano et al., "Insight into the Wild Origin, Migration and Domestication History of the Fine Flavour Nacional Theobroma cacao L. Variety from Ecuador" in PLOS One (7 Novembris 2012)
 Juan C. Motamayor et al., "Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L)" in PLOS One (1 Octobris 2008)
 Nisao Ogata, Arturo Gómez-Pompa, Karl A. Taube, "The domestication and distribution of Theobroma cacao L. in the Neotropics" in Cameron L. McNeil, ed., Chocolate in Mesoamerica: a cultural history of cacao (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2006) pp. 69-89
 E. Thomas et al., "Present spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in the neotropics reflect genetic differentiation in Pleistocene refugia followed by human-influenced dispersal" in PLoS One vol. 7 (24 Octobris 2012)
 John A. West, "A Brief History and Botany of Cacao" in Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992) pp. 105-122 


 De cultura
 Kauê de Sousa et al., "The future of coffee and cocoa agroforestry in a warmer Mesoamerica" in Nature Scientific Reports vol. 9 no. 8828 (20 Iunii 2019)

 De usu socolatae

 Nexus externi 

 The Utah Chocolate Story" et "Cacao in Chaco Canyon" apud Natural History Museum of Utah

Categoria:Elementa socolatae
Categoria:Fruges Americae australis
Categoria:Fruges Americae mediae
Categoria:Species plantarum
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Categoria:Taxa Linnaei
Categoria:Taxa 1753
Categoria:Theobroma