Cobaltum

Systema Periodica Geralis Nomen, symbolus, numerus Cobaltum, Co, 27 Familia transitionis metallum Grex, Periodus, Columna 9, 4, d Densitas 8.90 g/cm³ Color metallicum argentoalbum
100px|Cobaltum Proprietates atomicae Massa atomica 58.933195(5) g/mol Atomicus radius 135 (145) picometra Covalens radius 126 pm

Cobaltum"Cobaltum": Peter van der Krogt, "Elementa chemica" apud situm Elementymology & Elements Multidict, nota Co, est elementum chemicum metallicum transitionis numeri atomici 27. In grege nono et periodo quarta systematis periodici ponitur. Eius massa atomica 58,93 valet (32 neutrones et 27 protones)  et eius configuratio electronica notatur 3d74s2. Temperatura qua liquidum fit: 1494 gradus Celsiani. Qua gas fit: 2900 gradus Celsiani. Massa per volumen: 8,80g/cm3.

 De nomine 
Verbum "cobaltum" deductum est a verbo germanico Kobold, quod manem malum significat, ita appellatum a metallicis qui in fodinis laboraverunt, quia veneficium fuit et aerumnas multas fecit . Etiam putabatur a metallicis operariis illi Kobolde in fodinas argenti nocte intrare argentum cleptum et cobaltium repositum. Nomen ultimo fortasse est derivatum ab verbo Graeco antiquo Κόβαλος, quod "furcifer" significat, et nonnulli id dicunt  verbi Kobold, verbi anglici goblin, et cobalti scilicet ipsius, tametsi Lexicon Linguae Anglica Oxoniensis hanc etymologiam esse incertam dicit.

 In biologia 
Cobaltum est micronutrimentum saluti necessariumM. Russell (2022). ob coniunctionem cum vitamino B12 (cobalamina). Raro tamen deficit quia in cibo communi versatur. Synthesi neurotransmissorum inter alia adest. Sed nimia copia toxica estscribd de cobalti toxicologia. Item Centre Léon Bérard.

Pecoris diaetae additamentum vulgo habetur praesertim ruminantibus utileChiara Marchese, Rosa Avolio, Alessandra Griglione, Paolo Palmegiano, Anna Riva, Stefania Gavinelli, Paola Brizio, Maria Cesarina Abete, Stefania Squadrone. "Cobalt in feed: A first survey in Italy", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2025: 127637..

 Proprietates 

Cobaltum purum est durum, magneticum et argentoalbum.  

Pulvis cobalti perfacile incenditur.

 Geologia 
Cobaltum saepius existit in forma aeris et in eisdem locis atque sulphidum cupri(II). Non solet solum effodi, immo producitur . Maxima cobalti deposita in Respublica Congensi, Sina, Zambia, Russia et Australia.  Invenitur etiam in Finnia, Atropatene, et Casachia. Ob crescentem usum hoc metallum rarius videtur et penuria timeturBenjamin L. Brugman (2023). Xinkai Fu (2020)..

 De usu humano 
Cobaltum praecipue ferro et aliis metallis mixtum ad chalybes sui generis fabricandos. Illa aciaria in chirurgia et orthopaedia utilia sunt. In accumulatris electricis ubi una ex electrodis e LiCoO2 facta est hodie frequentissime inveniturMatthew Li et Jun Lu, "Cobalt in lithium-ion batteries. Replacements are sought for cobalt, a costly element used in lithium-ion battery cathodes", Science,  6481, 2020: 979-80. Ya You et Jun Lu, "Timely or early? Breaking away from cobalt-reliant lithium-ion batteries", Next Materials, 2023: 100004. Quia cobaltum ferromagneticumYves Barnier. Contribution à l’étude des propriétés magnétiques du cobalt et des alliages de fer cobalt. Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Grenoble, 1963.  est aciaria cobalto mixta optimos magnetes perpetuos faciuntPierre Moritz, Réalisation de micro-aimants par assemblage capillaire de nanobâtonnets de cobalt assisté par magnétophorèse - Applications aux MEMS à transduction électromagnétique, INSA de Toulouse, 2019. . Aciaria AlNiCo saepe appellantur quia praeter ferrum adsunt aluminium, niccolum, cobaltumDe elementis in magnetibus Alnico contentis..

Cobaltum-60, isotopium manu factum, quod radioactivum est, in radiotherapia ad morbos cancrosos medicandos adhibeturDocteurclic. Vijitha Ramanatha, "The current role of Cobalt-60 teletherapy in cancer care", KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2021: 80-88.. Ratio sterilizationis quoque habeturStorion.

Pigmentum caeruleum cobaltum continens iam antiquitus in Aegypto et Sina fabricabatur, postea etiam Romae et in Graecia. Hodie cobalti oxidum silicio et aluminio mixtum colorem vitri ad caeruleum mutatHao Yang, Bin Mu, Anjie Zhang, Aiqin Wang. "Recent advance in preparation, applications and color regulation mechanism of cobalt blue pigment", Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2025: 100535..

 Notae 

 Plura legere si cupis 
J.A. Betancourt-Cantera, F. Sánchez-De Jesús, A.M. Bolarín-Mir, G. Torres-Villaseñor, L.G. Betancourt-Cantera. "Magnetic properties and crystal structure of elemental cobalt powder modified by high-energy ball milling", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2019: 4995-5003
Benjamin L. Brugman, Manuel Scharrer, Tullio S. Geraci, Alexandra Navrotsky. "Cobalt blues: An overview of the thermodynamics of a critical element in short supply", Materials Today Energy, 2023: 101382
Xinkai Fu, Danielle N. Beatty, Gabrielle G. Gaustad, Gerbrand Ceder, Richard Roth, Randolph E. Kirchain, Michele Bustamante, Callie BabbittElsa, A. Olivetti. "Perspectives on Cobalt Supply through 2030 in the Face of Changing Demand", Environmental Science & Technology, 2020: S1-12
Giuseppe Genchi, Graziantonio Lauria, Alessia Catalano, Alessia Carocci et Maria Stefania Sinicropi. "Prevalence of Cobalt in the Environment and Its Role in Biological Processes", Biology, 2023: 1335
Michael J. Russell, "Cobalt: A must-have element for life and livelihood", PNAS, 2022: 2121307119

 Nexus externi 

 WebElements.com – Cobalt
 Hoc elementum apud Patreon: periodic videos
 De cobalto aliis metallis mixto

Categoria:Elementa chemica
Categoria:Metalla