Via lactea

Via lactea,Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.168-71."Via lactea": Reijo Pitkäranta, Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum (Helsinki: WSOY, 2001); Iohannes Traupman, Latin and English Dictionary (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, 2007), s.v. Milky Way; Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, ed. 2a (Holmiae: Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009). vel orbis lacteus,Cicero, De re publica 6.16. est galaxias, in quo habitamus nos. Quae enim, diametro circiter 100 000 annorum luce mensorum et crassitudine fere 12 000 a.l.m., stellarum 219 000 000 000 vel plura continet, inter quos Sol et huius systema planetarium Tellus includens.

 Nomen 
Nomen a specie fasciae lacteae obscure ardentis transque caelum nocturnum arcuantis deducitur, in qua stellae singulae oculis nudis distingui non possunt. Via lactea fasciae speciem ostendit, quia compages eius orbis similis est, ex interiore visa. Ovidius primus inter auctores nobis notos hoc nomen refert in Metamorphosibus suis, ubi de convivio et concilio deorum apud Iovem celebratis narrat:
Est via sublimis, caelo manifesta sereno:
lactea nomen habet, candore notabilis ipso.
Hac iter est superis ad magni tecta Tonantis
regalemque domum.Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.168-171.
Iam ante Ovidium Cicero in opere, quod de re publica scripsit, appellatione usus est orbis lactei:
Ea vita via est in caelum et in hunc coetum eorum, qui iam vixerunt et corpore laxati illum incolunt locum, quem vides. (Erat autem is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circus elucens.) Quem vos, ut a Graiis accepistis, orbem lacteum nuncupatis.Cicero, De re publica 6.16. 

Haec appellatio a Graeco  mutuata est, quamquam in textibus nobis cognitis  loco substantivo primum et ante Ciceronem reperitur.E.g. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 5.23.  apud posteriores invenitur.Sallustius philosophus 4; Placita philosophorum 2.7.1 Diels. Ob similitudinem certam in mythis narratur hoc nomen orbis vel circuli lactei provenisse de profusione lactis Iunonis sive Herculem sive Mercurium infantem nutrientis.e. g. Pseudo-Eratosthenes, Constellationes 44

 Cosmographia 
Galaxias quem viam lacteam appellamus est pars gregis propinqui (local group), galaxiam propinquum Andromedae aliosque comprehendentis, qui ipse pars est supercumuli Virginis (Virgo supercluster) galaxias fere centum includentis, qui iterum pars est maioris supercumuli Laniakea (Laniakea supercluster), anno 2014 reperti, galaxiarum circiter centum milia comprehendentis.R. Brent Tully, Hélène Courtois, Yehuda Hoffman, Daniel Pomarède, "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies" in Nature 513 (4 Septembris 2014), pp. 71–73.

Via lactea in medio bulbum habet, e quo emergere videntur bracchia spiralia fere quattuor, scilicet Persei, Normae et ulterius, Scuti-Centauri et Carinae-Sagittarii; inter bracchia Persei et Scuti-Centauri iacet Calcar Orionis, ubi Sol noster reperitur.

Plures sunt galaxiae minores qui circum Viam Lacteam moventur, quorum maximi et clarissimi sunt duae nubeculae a Ferdinando Magellano descriptae, Nubecula Maior et Nubecula Minor. Tales galaxiae tantummodo ex hemisphaerio australi Telluris conspiciuntur.

 Notae 

 Bibliographia 
Barentsen, Geert, H. J. Farnhill, J. E. Drew, et al. 2014. The second data release of the INT Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS DR2). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444: 3230-3257. Vide et nuntium brevem: "219 million stars: a detailed catalogue of the visible Milky Way."
Benjamin, Robert A., E. Churchwell, B. L. Babler, R. Indebetouw. 2005. First GLIMPSE Results on the Stellar Structure of the Galaxy. Astrophysical Journal 630: L149–L152.
Buser, R. 2000. The formation and early evolution of the Milky Way galaxy. Science 287(5450): 69–74. Epitome.
Camargo, D., C. Bonatto, E. Bica. 2015. Tracing the Galactic spiral structure with embedded clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society vol. 450. Epitome.
 Xiaodian Chen et al. 2019. "An intuitive 3D map of the Galactic warp's precession traced by classical Cepheids" in Nature Astronomy Letters
Chicappini, Cristina. 2001. The Formation and Evolution of the Milky Way. American Scientist, Nov./Dec., 506–515.
Dambeck, Thorsten. 2008. Gaia's Mission to the Milky Way. Sky and Telescope, Mar., 36–39.
Gupta, A., S. Mathur, Y. Krongold, F. Nicastro, et M. Galeazzi. 2012. A huge reservoir of ionized gas around the Milky Way: Accounting for the Missing Mass? Astrophysical Journal 756: L8 ff.
Hammer, F., M. Puech, L. Chemin, H. Flores, et M. Lehnert. 2007. The Milky Way: An Exceptionally Quiet Galaxy; Implications for the formation of spiral galaxies Astrophysical Journal vol. 662: 322–334.
Hou, L. G., J. L. Han, et W. B. Shi. 2009. The spiral structure of our Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomy and Astrophysics 499: 473 ff.
Kafle, Prajwal R., Sanjib Sharma, Geraint F. Lewis, et Joss Bland-Hawthorn. 2014. On the Shoulders of Giants: Properties of the Stellar Halo and the Milky Way Mass Distribution. Astrophysical Journal.'
McMillan, P. J. 2011. Mass models of the Milky Way. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 414: 2446–2457.
Majaess, Daniel J. 2010. Concerning the Distance to the Center of the Milky Way and Its Structure. Acta Astronomica 60: 55 ff.
Mel'nik, A. M., et P. Rautiainen. 2009. Kinematics of the outer pseudorings and the spiral structure of the Galaxy. Astronomy Letters 35: 609-624. Epitome.
Mutch, Simon J. Darren J. Croton, et Gregory B. Poole. 2011. The mid-life crisis of the Milky Way and M31. Astrophysical Journal 736.
Rix, Hans-Walter, et Jo Bovy. 2013. The Milky Way's Stellar Disk. Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 21: 61 ff.
Sale, S. E., J. E. Drew, C. Knigge, et al. 2010. The structure of the outer Galactic disc as revealed by IPHAS early A stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 402: 713–723.
Urquhart, J. S., C. C. Figura, et T. J. T. Moore. 2013. The RMS Survey: Galactic distribution of massive star formation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.Yin, J., J. L. Hou, et N. Prantzos. 2009. Milky Way vs Andromeda: a tale of two disks. Astronomy and Astrophysics vol. 505: 497–508.

Astrophysica
Cosmologia
Corona galactica

 Nexus externi 

 Galaxy Map "Basic plan of the Milky Way" ibidem
 "The Milky Way Explorer" ibidem
 "The Milky Way Galaxy" apud Students for the Exploration and Development of Space Sky-Map.org (tabula cosmographica)
 "The MultiWavelength Milky Way" apud NASA
 "VISTA Telescope: 9 billion pixel photo of a Milky Way" (Observatorium Australe Europaeum)
 "Milky Way" apud situm Alien Worlds (Universitas Cambriae Meridianae)
 The Planck One-Year All-Sky Survey''

!
Categoria:Grex propinquus