Holy Week in Guatemala

Holy week in Guatemala (Bakⴢi Sʋŋ) Guatemala anɛ  Wina’am pʋ’ʋsim kaanbʋg malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba maanɛ dⴢlsid suoraʋg zugʋ pa’anɛ ba yadda nigir, ka ba buon ye prossesion (ken), “hermandad” n gⴢti li yɛla. Holy week procession, ken ni wʋsa ba ya’asidi yin-yin ka Passion of Christ bɛɛ Marian fⴢⴢtʋ nam bɛ, la’am nɛ bay is sieba bas woo allegorical step of saints.

 Li si’iŋir 
Catholic pʋ’ʋsim la nimbaanl zⴢⴢr kanɛ bɛ Guatemala nananna nwa la niŋ nɛ woo nyalʋŋ nɛ lieb si’im, si’is nidib la ka li anɛ syncretism kanɛ bɛ Mayan pʋ’ʋsim nɛ Catholic pʋ’ʋsim wada tensʋk. Spanish in the colonial era da zaŋ America kʋdʋg buudi malima  nɛ Catholic pʋ’ʋsim malima la’asi ba paas kaanbʋg la ni.

Syncretism kpɛn anɛ woo pipiʋŋ ka ba gʋli niŋ sawdust carpet ni Crista pʋ’ʋsim malʋŋ kenning, bⴢzugⴢ pipiʋŋ la da ka’ nɛ bʋn-iandiri tis Maya. Li da anɛ wintaŋ la zanbin- ba winbɛda la yinne- ka an vʋm nɛ vʋm ya’aŋ. Fⴢⴢtʋ kaŋa nwa pʋ bɛ zin’isia Bakⴢi Sʋŋ kaanbʋg malʋŋ la ni Spain teŋin nɛ.

 pre-columbine era 
A na niŋ si’em ka gban’ae dʋnbama nwa Guatemala Bakⴢi Sʋŋ la gbin anɛ fʋn na lɛb nya’aŋi gⴢs Maya pʋ’ʋsim zin’igin, ka malima la da nwɛni li si’ali nɛ teŋ la din, ka linɛ da na kɛ ka America teŋ dim la si’ak Catholic pʋ’ʋsim malima la. Nwɛnnim la yinne anɛ Guatemala teŋ dim la da ziidi ba nidib banɛ da mⴢr arizak nɛ na’anam ken katens, palanquin pʋʋgin, transport wealthy citizens and rulers.http://servicios.prensalibre.com/pl/domingo/archivo/revistad/2009/March/15/fondo.shtml

Li da  pʋ tⴢi tis teŋin dim la nɛ ban na si’ak Holy Trinity la bɛllim, bⴢzugⴢ ban mi’ ye, banɛ naam dunia la anɛ atan’, ka maya mittib mi’ b aka ba anɛ “G1”, “G2” and “G3”, ka kʋ nwaasim Virgin Mary, bⴢzugⴢ ba da zaŋ o ka’o anɛ lxchel- nwadig la, vʋm daan- ma, the moon, creative life- mother.

 Bakⴢi sʋŋ Medieval Europe teŋin 
+The cross is not exclusive of Judeo-Christian; even Chiapas and parts of  Huehuetenango, it is still used to keep out evil spirits in some villages. Also as symbolic of purification, the Mayas fasted in the final five days of your calender as well as for special holidays.
Juan Antonio Valadés,PhD in Archaeology
Main article: Holy Week

Bakⴢi Sʋŋ da naam nɛ Council of Nicea –Roman Emperor Constantine I da zi’eli li 325 A D yʋʋm la ni –bⴢzugʋ council kan ni ba da gban’ae ka ban a maal la aluak kimsa malʋŋ nɛ ban na gɛlig kimsa la dabisa la si’em. Li nya’aŋa Knights Templar da tis wada kɛ ka li sʋŋ Passion of Christ ka li nⴢbig. Wada la da lɛn kae la, -close order fourteenth century –Franciscans da pɛsigi ba mɛŋ tis ye ba na mⴢr malʋŋ la li an si’em la ka ti’akir kʋ naami li nii, banɛ da mⴢri  Via Crucis kena, malʋŋ la sankanɛ nidib kⴢn’ⴢb-kⴢn’ⴢb ye bɛ Holy Week festivities la ni.

Pin’iligin la ba da maan kaanbʋg la nɛ pʋ’ʋsim dⴢⴢd pʋʋgin, ka ninbanɛ tʋʋm taal pʋ paasa ani. Ya’aŋ ka ba da tiaki maani li dⴢlisid suoya, ani ka nidib pa’ani ba taal, people took to the street to express their guilt.

 Bourbon Reforms 
Main article: Bourbon Reforms

Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs yⴢpⴢi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anu, 1765 la ni, Spanish Crown da yis Bourbon reforms kanɛ da an ye ba lɛbi zaŋi ba paŋ la ka paas lampo di’esig teŋ banɛ ka ba kpɛn faan bɛla, power over the colonies and increase tax collection.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFMelchor_Toledo2011 Tias bama nwa ni, ba da maal wada zi’el ye li gⴢsid kpikpiŋ yɛla woo alcoholic beerages maalʋg, snuff, gunpowder, playing cards nɛ cock fights nam wʋsa maalʋg. Yʋʋm yinne pʋʋgin wʋsa Roal Treasury la da ye kuosɛ teŋ la kpikpiŋ sieba la ka lɛn da’ li sʋ’oe, lin kɛ ya ka kpikpiŋ la sieba an ba din ka sⴢ da ka’ sour ye o kpɛn kuosim ban nii. Yʋʋm kan ni ya’as, ba da maal Royal Treasury la kpikpiŋ buudi anaasi San Salvador, Ciudad Real, Comayagua nɛ León ka Guatemala teŋgbaʋŋ la zanlim nɛ li pʋdigir tiaki an 15 provinces.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_M%C3%A9xico

Ban da pʋdig teŋ la tⴢdi tis taab la, Spanish crown da zi’eli wada ka li sie Catholic windⴢⴢg pʋ’ʋsim la paŋ, to diminish the power of the Catholic Church, paŋ kanɛ da tiing Spanish vassals wʋsa. Wada kanɛ da an ye li sie pʋ’ʋsim la paŋ la da anɛ li nie, Enlightenment ka mⴢri yɛlzuta ayuobʋ.

 Decline of Jesuit cultural heritage
 Trend towards a secular secularized culture
 Decidedly rationalist attitude
 Precedence of natural science over religious dogma
 Severe criticism of the role of the church in society, especially the fraier and nun monasteries. These have sort to excessive economic power of some brotherhood, their large number, the lack of administrative and fiscal control by the authorities and public manisfestations of piety, the latter listed as signs of backwardness and fanaticism, especially those of Holy Week.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFMelchor_Toledo2011

 19th Century 
Gⴢsim nɛŋa ya’as: Rafael Carrera and Justo Rufino Barrios

Ban da kad Aycinena Clan n yisi ba bas yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai 1829 ni la nya’aŋ, liberals la da kad regula orders la bas ka kɛ nɛ secular clergy la ma’aa teŋin la, ba lɛɛ da pʋ maki zi’el mandatory tithinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFGonz%C3%A1lez_Davison2008 na an si’em. Nɛ’ɛŋa da gɛɛns Catholic pʋ’ʋsim la Guatemala teŋin, amaa liberal gⴢbina zugraan Mariano Gȧlvez da gʋ’ʋŋ ye o kad cholera morbus wiim yis la nya’aŋ, maanmaan kpɛɛmnam da nya’as kpaadbibis la wʋsa ka ba zan’as o, ka Rafael Carrera kpɛŋ saŋa la, ka kad Gȧlvez nɛ liberal yis kpiʋŋin. Yʋʋm piiga nya’aŋ gⴢbina ni, Carrera da bas sour ka regular orders nɛ conservative ellite Catholics lɛb na, ka yɛli digil ka compulsory tithing lɛbna ya’as, ka sʋŋii kpɛmis pʋ’ʋsim la teŋin la ka ba pa’ali ba yadda niŋir woo Holy Week n nyɛ nⴢbigir si’em la. Sida, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ pisnu nɛ ayi, 1852 ni la Guatemala nɛ Holy see la da tik nu’ug nɛ concordat ka li da bɛnɛ yuoliŋ la nu’usin ye ba gⴢs ka Guatemala teŋ nidib la paam gbaʋŋ zamisig baŋir ka da sʋŋi kpɛmis pʋ’ʋsim dim sʋ’ʋlim nam la wʋsa ka ba naalim taab, church state union in the country was reinforcedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAycinena1854.

Conservative saŋa la ni da gʋ’ʋŋ la nya’aŋ ka liberal da di ya’an yʋʋm yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ pisyⴢpⴢi nɛ yinne, 1871 ni la, Catholic pʋ’ʋsim la da nyɛ saansigi ba kpikpiŋ nɛ ba malima ni woo lin da naam si’em yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai ni la ka ba da namis Francisco Morazȧn liberal gⴢbina nu’usin si’em la. Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ pisyⴢpⴢi nɛ atan’ la ni, ba da yis regular orders la bas ba saŋa ni, ka da faaen la’adi la’an kpab nɛ-convents, haciendas nɛ Indians doctrines teŋgbaʋŋ la ni wʋsa- ka da kad mandatory tithing la di’esigi bas, ka lɛɛ da bas secular clergy la wada la ka lin tʋm ba pʋ’ʋsim naming la without stable incomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez_Pel%C3%A1ez1990https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez_Pel%C3%A1ez1990
+Article 32: It guarantees the right for the various purposes of life, according to law. The
establishment of monastic congregations and all kind of monastic institutions or associations as well as
the formation of operation political organizations, either of international or foreign character is 
prohibited. Are not included in this prohibition, organizations that advocate the Central American Union
And the Pan-American or continental solidarity doctrines.
Constitution of Guatemala of 1945https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsamblea_Constituyente1945 
Sigsaa nwadig la ni, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs nii nɛ piswai nɛ yinne, 1891 ni la, Pope Leo xIII da yisi o Rerum Novarum encyclical-tʋmtʋmnib la bɛ si’em-gbaʋŋ kanɛ da sʋŋ Catholic pʋ’ʋsim nidib ka ba paam tiakir ka nyaŋi bɛi nɛ liberal states la; Guatemala teŋin nɛɛ, yam paal da sʋŋi kpɛmis baŋir nwa nɛ fⴢⴢtʋ namin nɛ pian’ad namin kɛ ka li paae yadda ni ye li kɛ ka liberal state la tun’oe tⴢlisid labaya sʋŋa. Catholicism nⴢbigir United States da pin’ili an zanbin in the reconquest of ideological power in totally liberal states.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFSemana_Santa_en_L%C3%ADnean.d.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFSemana_Santa_en_L%C3%ADnean.d.

Catholicism da paam paŋ José Maria Reyna Barrios gⴢbina la saŋa (1892-1898), barika pʋ’ʋsim kenɛ tisidi o gⴢbina la saŋa kanɛ da bas sour tis secular clergy nɛ on da bⴢⴢd ye art nɛ defence of local culture widig zin’ig wʋsa, linɛ da kɛ k’o siak ka paas Berne Convention, ka na’asid yadda niŋir pa’alig kanɛ ka ba pa’an Passion of Christ sour ken malʋŋin la. Ba da nyaŋi maal nɛŋa nɛ la’an nɛ Reyna Barrios da an high degree Freemason. Amaa, sour da pʋ bɛ ye regular orders la kpɛn gbaʋŋin nɛ, bⴢzugⴢ, Guatemala teŋ wada la da kisigi ba bɛllim teŋgbaʋŋ la zug sankan la at the time.

 20th Century 
Jacobo Arbenz saŋa la luub nya’aŋa, Catholic pʋ’ʋsim la da lɛn di’e o kpi’ʋŋ kanɛ k’o da mⴢri conservative government of Rafael Carrera in the 19th centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFSabino2007 la ya’as, lin pʋʋgin laa, a sʋ’ʋe m mɛŋ pʋ’ʋsim zamisig da paam nⴢbigir lin da yi yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs wai nɛpisnu nɛ anu, 1955 ni la ken, mittib da yⴢ’ⴢs sakuya bɛdigʋ tis  biribis banɛ da pʋn ken secular gⴢbina sukuya la ka ba kpɛn.

La’an nɛ Guatemala Arcbishop, Mariano Rossell y Arellano da yis gbaʋŋi pa’an ye Catholic pʋ’ʋsim la da pʋ iedi suoya ye ba zab nɛ Arbenz,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFRossell_y_Arellano1954 o da nyaŋi kɛ ka colonel Carlos Castillo Armas gⴢbina la kpɛn paas teŋ la 1956 wada gbaʋŋin la, Ka li anɛ nɛ’ɛnam:

 Wada na tis sour ka Catholic pʋ’ʋsim nɛ pʋ’ʋsim buudi wʋsa na tun’oe mⴢri la’ad ka yisi ba, ka li anɛ ye la’ad la ye li zaŋi tʋm nɛ pʋ’ʋsim tʋʋma, nidib la’asig zin’igin bɛɛ zamisig yɛla, provided they are intended for religious and social work or education.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsamblea_Constituyente1956

 Ba da yɛli zi’el ye pʋʋ’ʋsim zamisig anɛ fʋ yam ya’ bⴢⴢdi li official premises zin’igin: teŋ la wada gbaʋŋin, article 97 pa’al ye wada la na gⴢsid pʋ’ʋsim zamisig yɛla official premises ni, amaa ka teŋ la da pʋ titta ka lɛɛ ye li anɛ yam bⴢⴢdim. Li ye sour mɛ lɛn bɛ ye tʋʋma zin’ig wʋsa dim tun’oe zamis gbaʋŋ, freedom of education in all other establishments.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsamblea_Constituyente1956https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsamblea_Constituyente1956

 Teŋ la na sʋŋid nɛ pʋ’ʋsim sakuya la maalig: Article 111 yɛl ye a sʋ’ʋ m mɛ sakuya banɛ pa’an nidib la zaalim kʋ yⴢⴢd lampⴢ sieba teɛin la ka lin anɛ piini ba tʋʋm zaal la zug, in compensation for their servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsamblea_Constituyente1956.

Rossell y Areliano da pin’ili mⴢⴢn nɛ kpi’eʋŋi bⴢⴢd ye o lɛbis Catholicism Guatemala ya’as: o da keŋ paae nɛ Arcbishop palace nɛ Bishop Francisco Marroquin yinɛ bɛ San Juan del Obispo, Sacatepequez,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFAsociaci%C3%B3n_de_Amigos_del_Pa%C3%ADs2004 Moraug nwadig la dapisi nɛ ayi daar, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ July 22, 1953 ni la, o da di’e maanmaanib, fathers Antonio Rodriguez Pedrazuela nɛ José Maria Bȧscones banɛ da pin’il Opus Dei tʋʋma la Guatemalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFRodr%C3%ADguez_Pedrazuela1999 teŋin; ka yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la ka ba da maal yiiga Central American Eucharistic Congress. Bibi’el o da ti paam kɛ ka regular orders lɛb Guatemala teŋin na paas Second Vatican Council, kan ka Pope John xxIII da gⴢsi li yɛla.

Yʋʋma ken aka gaad, ka sour ken nɛ labaya tisib yɛla paam nⴢbigir, a ken ɛ kaad pʋ’ʋsim zink nɛ pʋ’ʋsidi tit Esquipulas Wina’am la ka the city “Latin American  Capital  of Faith” maal la yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ ayuobʋ, 1956 la ni, Pope Pius xxIIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala#CITEREFEsquipulas_onlinen.d. da duoe Prelature Nullius Cristi of Esquipulas zi’el kanɛ ka Municipality of Esquipulas nɛ li Cathedral Sanctuary da pin’ili li. Ban da gaŋ Pope la kʋ da an Prime Esquipulas Prelate Arcbishop Rossell y Arellano. Rossell yɛlkpan yiiga daan da anɛ o kɛ ka pʋ’ʋsim dim la gⴢsid pʋ’ʋsim yir la yɛla; link a ba da mak bʋ si’em ka gʋ’ʋŋ, o da mⴢⴢ nyaŋi paam sʋŋir Benedictine Abbey of San José Louisiana teŋi bɛ United States la. On palm Sunday of 1959, Vanma’asa Lasiddaar yʋʋm tusir yinne, kⴢbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la, Benedictine monks nama atan’ yiiga dim la da ken Esquipulas na pin’il Monastery. Ya’a tɛn’ɛs pʋ’ʋsim nam la, malima nam nɛ si’iŋir yɛla, Pope John xxIII da si’ak nɛ Bishop Rossell Arellano fabʋlig la ka da dʋ’ʋs the Sactuary of Esquipulas paae the rank of Minor Basilica 1961 yʋʋm la ni

 Holy Week art 

 Sculptures   

 Gbanvɛɛnsa 

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