Darberk

Darberk an darbiris (herwiha darbiriq, darbirûsk) (lat. Betula) navê cinsekî riwekên famîleya darberk û gurganan (Betulaceae) ye. Heya 160 salî dikarin bijîn. Bo baxçevaniyê û darên wê tê çandin. Pirranî li nîvkada bakur cihwarbûyî ne. Darberk alerjiyê ditetikîne.

 Sîstematîk 
Cinsê Betula sala 1753'yê ji aliyê Carl von Linné ve, di Species Plantarum, 2, rûpel 982'yê de hatiye binavkirin. Bi qasî 60 heya 100 cureyên darberkê hene:

 Darberka çînî ya sor (Betula albosinensis Burkill)
 Darberka zer (Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Syn.: Betula lutea auct.)
 Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
 Betula apoiensis Nakai
 Betula ×aurata Borkh. (= B. pendula × B. pubescens, Syn.: Betula ×atrata Domin, Betula ×obscura Kotula)
 Betula austrosichotensis V.N.Vassil. & V.I.Baranov
 Betula baschkirica Tzvelev
 Betula bomiensis P.C.Li
 Darberka şîn (Betula ×caerulea Blanch. = B. papyrifera var. cordifolia × B. populifolia)
 Betula calcicola (W.W.Sm.) P.C.Li: Die Heimat ist China.
 Betula ceratoptera G.H.Liu & Y.C.Ma
 Betula chichibuensis H.Hara
 Darberka çînî (Betula chinensis Maxim., Syn.: Betula fargesii Franch.): Die Heimat ist China.
 Betula chitralica Browicz
 Betula coriaceifolia V.N.Vassil.
 Darberka belgbindeqî (Betula corylifolia Regel & Maxim.)
 Darberka korêyî (Betula costata Trautv.)
 Betula cylindrostachya Lindl. ex Wall.
 Betula dahurica Pall.: Die Heimat ist China.
 Betula delavayi Franch.
 Betula divaricata Ledeb. (Syn.: Betula middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. )
 Betula dolicholepis Ovcz., Czukav. & Shibkova
 Darberka Erman, darberka zêrî (Betula ermanii Cham., Syn.: Betula ganjuensis Koidz., Betula paraermanii V.N.Vassil., Betula shikokiana Nakai): Welatê wê Çîn e.
 Betula falcata V.N.Vassil.
 Betula ferganensis V.N.Vassil.
 Betula forrestii (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.
 Darberka devî (Betula fruticosa Pall., Syn.: Betula fusca Pall. ex Georgi): Li Çîn, Korê, Mongolya û Sîbîryayê.
 Betula fujianensis J.Zeng, Jian H.Li & Z.D.Chen
 Darberka gulokî (Betula glandulosa Michx.)
 Betula globispica Shirai
 Betula gmelinii Bunge: Welat Çîn.
 Darberka gilyazane (Betula grossa Sieb. & Zucc., Syn.: Betula ulmifolia Sieb. & Zucc.)
 Betula halophila Ching: Li Çînê.
 Betula heptopotamica V.N.Vassil.
 Betula honanensis S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang
 Darberka bêqîmet (Betula humilis Schrank (Syn.: Betula fruticans Pall., orth. var.): Li navenda Ewropa, Qazaxistan, Mongolya.
 Betula insignis Franch.
 Betula jarmolenkoana Golosk.
 Betula jiaodongensis S.B.Liang
 Betula jiulungensis P.C.Li ex Q.Lin: Li Çînê.
 Betula karagandensis V.N.Vassil.
 Betula kenaica W.H.Evans
 Betula kirghisorum Sav.-Rycz.
 Betula klokovii Zaver.
 Betula korshinskyi Litv.
 Betula ×koehnei C.K.Schneid. (= Betula papyrifera × B. pendula)
 Betula kotulae Zaver.
 Betula kunarensis Browicz
 Betula lanata (Regel) Vassilcz.
 Darberka şekirî (Betula lenta L.)
 Betula litwinowii Doluch.
 Betula luminifera H.J.P.Winkl.
 Betula margusarica V.N.Vassil.
 Darberga belgzîrfon, darberka mîran (Betula maximowicziana Regel)
 Darberka qefqazî (Betula medwediewii Regel)
 Betula megrelica Sosn.
 Betula michauxii Spach
 Betula microphylla Bunge
 Betula minor (Tuck.) Fernald
 Betula murrayana B.V.Barnes & Dancik
 Darberka hûrik, auch Polar-Birke (Betula nana L., Syn.: Betula exilis Sukaczev): Li navenda Ewropayê.
 Betula neoalaskana Sarg. (Syn.: Betula resinifera Britton)
 Darberka reş, darberka robaran (Betula nigra L.)
 Darberka avê (Betula occidentalis Hook., Syn.: Betula fontinalis Sarg.)
 Betula ovalifolia Rupr. (Syn.: Betula extremiorientalis Kuzen. & V.N.Vassil., Betula paishanensis Nakai, Betula tatewakiana M.Ohki & S.Watan.): Li Japan, Rûsya, Korê û Çînê.
 Betula ovczinnikovii V.N.Vassil.
 Betula pamirica Litv.
 Darberka qaxezî, Marshall, Syn.: Betula excelsa Aiton, Betula lyalliana Koehne, nom. nud.)
 Betula paramushirensis Barkalov
 Darberka qûmê (Betula pendula Roth, Syn.: Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Betula tristis Wormsk. ex Link, Betula aetnensis Raf. ex J.Presl & C.Presl): Ji navenda Ewropayê belavbûye.
 Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (Syn.: Betula japonica Sieb. ex H.J.P.Winkl., nom. nud., Betula mandshurica (Regel) Nakai, Betula szechuanica (C.K.Schneid.) C.-A.Jansson)
 Darberka boz, (Betula populifolia Marshall)
 Betula potamophila V.N.Vassil.
 Betula potaninii Batalin
 Betula procurva Litv.
 Betula psammophila V.N.Vassil.
 Darberka avevekê, (Betula pubescens Ehrh., Syn.: Betula alba L., Betula czerepanovii N.I.Orlova, Betula tortuosa Ledeb.)
 Darberka devî ya amerîkan (Betula pumila L.)
 Betula ×purpusii C.K.Schneid. (= B. glandulifera × B. lutea)
 Betula pyrolifolia V.N.Vassil.
 Darberka devî ya qefqazî (Betula raddeana Trautv.)
 Betula ×raymundii Lepage (= B. populifolia × B. pumila var. glandulifera)
 Betula regeliana V.N.Vassil.
 Betula rockii (Rehder) C.-A.Jansson
 Betula saksarensis Polozhij & A.T.Malzeva
 Betula ×sandbergii Britton (= B. glandulifera × B. papyrifera)
 Betula saposhnikovii Sukaczev
 Betula saviczii V.N.Vassil.
 Darberka hesinî (Betula schmidtii) Regel
 Betula seravschanica V.N.Vassil.
 Betula schugnanica (B.Fedtsch.) Litv.
 Betula sunanensis Y.J.Zhang
 Darberka Sichuanê (Betula szechuanica (C.K.Schneid.) C.-A.Jansson)
 Betula tadzhikistanica V.N.Vassil.
 Betula tianschanica Rupr.
 Betula turkestanica Litv.
 Betula tuturinii V.N.Vassil.
 Betula uber (Ashe) Fernald
 Darberka hîmalayayî (Betula utilis D.Don, Syn.: Betula jacquemontii Spach)
 Betula wuyiensis J.B.Xiao: Die Heimat ist China.
 Betula zinserlingii V.N.Vassil.

 Çavkanî 

 Yasin J. Nasir: Betulaceae. Di: Eugene Nasir, S. I. Ali (weşan.): Flora of West Pakistan, Band 95, 1975, Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi, Betula - online.  (ne bi kurdî ye)

 Wêje 
 Pia Järvinen, Anna Palmé, Luis Orlando Morales, Mika Lännenpää, Markku Keinänen, Tuomas Sopanen, Martin Lascoux: Phylogenetic relationships of Betula species (Betulaceae) based on nuclear ADH and chloroplast matK sequences. In: American Journal of Botany, Band 91, Nr. 11, 2004, S. 1834–1845, doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1834.

 Girêdanên derve 

 Di bijîşkiya gelêrî de.  (almanî)

Kategorî:Famîleya darberk û gurganan