준금속 목록

다음은 준금속으로 분류되는 원소를 나열한 194개의 출처 목록이다. 출처는 연대순으로 나열되어 있다. 준금속 목록은 준금속(또는 가끔 '반금속'이라는 별칭)에 대한 엄격하게 널리 받아들여지는 정의가 없기 때문에 서로 다르다. 개별 목록은 공통점을 공유하지만, 경계에서 변형이 발생한다. 가장 자주 준금속으로 간주되는 원소는 붕소, 규소, 저마늄, 비소, 안티모니, 텔루륨이다. 다른 출처들은 이 목록에서 빼거나, 다양한 수의 다른 원소를 추가하거나, 둘 다 할 수 있다.

 개요 

 원소 인용 빈도   n = 194출판물에서 194 = 100%  비소 As191.599%텔루륨 Te190.598%저마늄 Ge184.595%규소 Si183.595%안티모니 Sb169.587%붕소 B16686%폴로늄 Po94.549%아스타틴 At7740%셀레늄 Se4624%알루미늄 Al189.3%탄소 C16.58.5% 비스무트 Bi11.55.9% 인 P105.2% 베릴륨 Be7.53.9% 주석 (원소) Sn5.52.8% 황 S31.5% 리버모륨 Lv31.5% 아이오딘 I2.51.3% 플레로븀 Fl10.5% 갈륨 Ga10.5% 수소 H10.5% 납 Pb10.5% 모스코븀 Mc10.5% 테네신 Ts10.5%

연대순 목록
이 표는 194개의 다른 준금속 목록 각각에 어떤 원소가 포함되는지를 보여준다. 괄호 안의 기호는 해당 준금속 목록에 포함된 원소의 분류가 저자들에 의해 어떤 식으로든 한정된다는 것을 나타낸다. '인용' 행은 각 원소를 준금속으로 간주하는 권위의 수와 백분율을 보여주며, 한정된 인용은 0.5로 계산된다.
 원소별 준금속 인용 원소비소텔루륨저마늄규소안티모니붕소폴로늄아스타틴셀레늄알루미늄탄소비스무트인베릴륨주석황리버모륨아이오딘 기타 개수AsTeGeSiSbBPoAtSeAlCBiPBeSnSLvI 인용*191.5190.5184.5183.5169.516694.577461816.511.5107.55.5332.56 7.15 99%98%95%95%87%86%49%40%24%9.3%8.5%5.9%5.2%3.9%2.8%1.5%1.5%1.3%3.1% 출처 연도 시먼스Simmons LM 1947, 'A modification of the periodic table', Journal of Chemical Education, December, pp. 588–591 (589)  1947 As Te Sb Se            4 폴링 1949 As Te Ge Si Sb B Po            7 사보 & 라카토스Szabó ZG & Lakatos B 1954, 'The new form of the periodic table and new periodic functions', Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, IV 2–4, pp. 129–149 (133) 1954 As Te Ge Si Sb B Po At Al    Be       10 Dull, Metcalfe & WilliamsDull CE, Metcalfe HC & Williams JE 1958, Modern chemistry, Henry Holt and Company, New York, pp. 59–60, 62 1958 As Te Ge Si Sb B Po At Al           9 프레이Frey PR 1958, College chemistry, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p. 118 1958 As Te Ge Si Sb B Po            7 존스톤 & 밀러Johnstone RT & Miller SE 1960, 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 () 괄호 안의 기호는 해당 준금속 목록에 포함된 원소의 분류가 저자들에 의해 어떤 식으로든 한정된다는 것을 나타낸다. 이는 0.5회 인용으로 계산된다.
준금속 목록당 평균 7.15개의 원소가 있다.

 출현 빈도 클러스터 
섬네일|left|원소 클러스터와 출처에서의 출현 빈도
나열된 출처(2011년 8월 현재, n = 194)에서 인용된 원소들은 유사한 값의 클러스터에서 출현 빈도를 보인다. 그래프의 다이아몬드는 각 클러스터의 평균 출현 빈도를 나타낸다.
 클러스터 1 (93%): B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
 클러스터 2 (44%): Po, At
 클러스터 3 (24%): Se
 클러스터 4 (9%): C, Al
 클러스터 5 (5%): Be, P, Bi
 클러스터 6 (3%): Sn
 클러스터 7 (1%): H, Ga, S, I, Pb, Fl, Mc, Lv, Ts
결과적인 기하 추세선은 y = 199.47e−0.7423x 공식을 가지며, R2 값은 0.9962이다.

 준금속으로 간주되는 원소 
일반적으로 준금속으로 분류되는 원소는 붕소, 규소, 저마늄, 비소, 안티모니, 텔루륨이다.
폴로늄과 아스타틴의 상태는 확정되지 않았다. 대부분의 저자들은 둘 중 하나 또는 둘 다를 준금속으로 인식한다. 헤르만, 호프만, 애쉬크로프트는 상대론적 모델링을 바탕으로 아스타틴이 단원자 금속이 될 것이라고 예측한다. 탄소, 알루미늄, 인, 셀레늄, 주석, 비스무트 중 하나 이상은 주기율표 상에서 준금속으로 흔히 분류되는 원소들의 이웃이므로, 때때로 준금속으로 인식되기도 한다.
특히 셀레늄은 비소 및 안티모니와의 수화학적 유사성 때문에 환경화학에서 준금속으로 흔히 지정된다. 금속과 비금속 사이의 구분선에 인접한 주기율표 위치에도 불구하고 베릴륨에 대한 언급은 적다. 문헌에서 다른 원소를 준금속으로 분류하는 짤막한 언급도 찾아볼 수 있다. 이러한 원소들에는 수소, 질소, 황, 아연, 갈륨, 아이오딘, 납, 라돈 등이 포함된다(인용은 위에 나열된 것 외의 참고문헌을 위한 것이다).

 내용주 

 각주 

분류:화학 원소 목록