출세간의 과보의 마음

출세간의 과보의 마음(, )은 특히 상좌부의 교학과 아비담마에서 사용하는 용어로, 욕계색계무색계출세간의 총 89가지 마음 중 출세간에 속한 마음들로서, 해당 출세간의 유익한 마음 즉 도(道, , )의 마음에 의해 번뇌가 단멸되거나 영원히 조복된 후 무간으로 즉 바로 다음 찰나에 일어나는 다음의 총 4가지 과(果, , )의 마음을 말한다.Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.56.
§27. Supramundane Resultant Consciousness (lokuttara-vipākacittāni) — 4

5. Sotāpatti-phalacittaṁ.
6. Sakadāgāmi-phalacittaṁ.
7. Anāgāmi-phalacittaṁ.
8. Arahatta-phalacittañ cā ti.
Imāni cattāri pi lokuttara-vipākacittāni nāma.
Icc’evaṁ sabbathā pi aṭṭha lokuttara-kusala-vipāka-cittāni
samattāni.

5. Fruition consciousness of stream-entry.
6. Fruition consciousness of once-returning.
7. Fruition consciousness of non-returning.
8. Fruition consciousness of Arahantship.
These are the four types of supramundane resultant consciousness.
Thus end, in all, the eight types of supramundane wholesome and resultant
consciousness.Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.57.
Guide to §§26—28
Supramundane consciousness (lokuttaracittāni): Supramundane consciousness
is consciousness that pertains to the process of transcending (uttara) the world (loka)
consisting of the five aggregates of clinging (upādānakkhandha). This type of
consciousness leads to liberation from saṁsāra, the cycle of birth and death, and to the
attainment of Nibbāna, the cessation of suffering. There are eight supramundane cittas.
These pertain to the four stages of enlightenment: (1) stream-entry (sotāpatti); (2) once-returning
(sakadāgāmi); (3) non-returning (anāgāmi); and (4) Arahantship (Arahatta).
Each stage involves two types of citta — path consciousness (maggacitta) and fruition
consciousness (phalacitta). All supramundane cittas take as object the unconditioned
reality, Nibbāna, but they differ as paths or fruits according to their functions. The path
consciousness has the function of eradicating (or of permanently attenuating42)
defilements; the fruition consciousness has the function of experiencing the degree of
liberation made possible by the corresponding path. The path consciousness is a
kusalacitta, a wholesome state; the fruition consciousness is a vipākacitta, a resultant.
Each path consciousness arises only once and endures only for one mind-moment;
it is never repeated in the mental continuum of the person who attains it. The
corresponding fruition consciousness initially arises immediately after the path moment
and endures for two or three mind-moments. Subsequently, it can be repeated and, with
practice, can be made to endure for many mind-moments, in the supramundane
absorption called “fruition attainment” (phalasamāpatti — see below, Chapter 4, §22;
Chapter 9, §42).
The paths and fruits are attained by the method of meditation called “the
development of insight” (vipassanābhāvanā). This type of meditation involves the
strengthening of the faculty of wisdom (paññā). By sustained attention to the changing
phenomena of mind and matter, the meditator learns to discern their true characteristics
of impermanence (anicca), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anattā). When these
insights gain full maturity, they issue in the supramundane paths and fruits (see Chapter
9, §§22—44).
42 This qualification is made in regard to the path of once-returning (as explained below).

 예류과의 마음
 일래과의 마음
 불환과의 마음
 아라한과의 마음

또는 이 4가지를 이들 4가지 마음이 일어나는 기반이 되는 선정에 따라 세분한, 즉, 초선제2선제3선제4선제5선의 5선 체계에 따라 세분한 20가지(4 × 5 = 20)를 말한다. 이 경우 욕계색계무색계출세간의 총 121가지 마음 중 총 20가지 과의 마음이 있다.Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.63.
The last jhāna (that is, the fifth) totals twenty-three: The fifth jhāna
considered as embracing both the last rūpajjhāna and the four arūpajjhānas thus
comprises five each as wholesome, resultant, and functional (= 15) and eight as
supramundane, for a total of twenty-three.
The thirty-seven wholesome and fifty-two resultants are obtained by replacing the
four supramundane wholesome and resultant cittas with twenty each. Thus, the total
number of cittas in the Compendium of Consciousness increases from 89 to 121.

도의 마음이 번뇌를 단멸하고 바로 다음 찰나에 과의 마음이 일어나서 그 증과를 향유한다. 즉, 번뇌의 속박에서 벗어난 해탈의 경지를 경험한다. 그 후 수행자는 증득한 과보에 대한 명상으로 그 과의 마음을 다시 일으킬 수 있다.Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. pp.58~59.
Fruition consciousness (phalacitta): Each path consciousness (maggacitta)
issues automatically in its respective fruition in the same cognitive series, in immediate
succession to the path. Thereafter, the fruition citta can arise many times when the noble
disciple enters the meditative attainment of fruition. The fruition consciousness, as
mentioned earlier, is classified by way of kind as a resultant (vipāka). It should be noted
that there are no supramundane functional (kiriya / kriyā) cittas. This is because, when
an Arahant enters fruition attainment, the cittas that occur in that attainment belong to the
class of resultants, being fruits of the supramundane path.

4과의 마음과 그것을 일으키는 4도의 마음에 의해 단멸 또는 조복되는 번뇌와 다음과 같다.

<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
과의 마음
도의 마음
번뇌 그룹
<th>번뇌</td>

</tr>

예류과의 마음
예류도의 마음
초과3결(初果三結)
유신견결(有身見結)계금취결(戒禁取結)의결(疑結)
단멸Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. pp.57~58.
Path consciousness of stream-entry (sotāpatti-maggacitta): The entry upon the
irreversible path to liberation is called “stream-entry,” and the citta that experiences this
attainment is the path consciousness of stream-entry. The stream (sota) is the Noble
Eightfold Path, with its eight factors of Right View (or Right Understanding) (Sammā
Diṭṭhi), Right Thought (or Right Intention) (Sammā Saṁkappa), Right Speech (Sammā
Vācā), Right Action (Sammā Kammanta), Right Livelihood (Sammā Ājīva), Right Effort
(Sammā Vāyāma), Right Mindfulness (Sammā Sati), and Right Concentration (Sammā
Samādhi). As the current of the Ganges flows uninterrupted from the Himalayas to the
ocean, so the supramundane Noble Eightfold Path flows uninterrupted from the arising of
Right View to the attainment of Nibbāna.
Though the factors of the eightfold path may arise in the mundane wholesome
cittas of virtuous worldlings (puthujjana), these factors are not fixed in their destination,
since a worldling may change character and turn away from the Dhamma. But in a noble
disciple who has reached the experience of stream-entry, the path factors become fixed in
destiny and flow like a stream heading to Nibbāna.
The path consciousness of stream-entry has the function of cutting off the first
three fetters (saṁyojana) — (1) “personality view” (sakkāya-diṭṭhi), or wrong view of
self; (2) doubt (vicikicchā) about the Triple Gem; and (3) clinging to rites and ceremonies
(sīlabbata-parāmāsa) in the belief that they can lead to liberation. It further cuts off all
greed (lobha), hatred (dosa), and delusion (moha) strong enough to lead to a sub-human
rebirth. This citta also permanently eliminates five other cittas, namely, the four cittas
rooted in greed associated with wrong view (diṭṭhi), and the citta rooted in delusion
(moha) associated with doubt (vicikicchā). One who has undergone the experience of
stream-entry is assured of reaching final deliverance in a maximum of seven lives and of
never being reborn in any of the woeful planes of existence."三結", 星雲. 《佛光大辭典》(불광대사전) 3판:
三結
梵語 trīṇi saṃyojanāni，巴利語 tīṇi saṃyojanāni。又作初果三結。結，即見惑，眾生由此見惑結縛，不能出離生死。聲聞之人斷盡此惑，即證初果須陀洹，故稱初果三結。即：(1)有身見結（梵 satkāyadṛṣṭi-saṃyojana），謂眾生於五陰等法中，妄計為身，強立主宰，恆起我見。此乃三三摩地近障法中之空近障，亦為六十二見趣之根本。因諸見趣為餘煩惱之根本，餘煩惱為業之本，諸業又為異熟果之本；依異熟果，則一切善、不善、無記法皆得生長，故當斷之。(2)戒禁取結（梵 śīlavrataparāmarśa-saṃyojana），指行邪戒。乃三三摩地近障法中之無願近障，如外道之人，於非戒中謬以為戒，如持雞戒、狗戒等。(3)疑結（梵 vicikitsā-saṃyojana），即懷疑正理，迷心背理，不能深信正法。乃三三摩地近障法中之無相近障。以上三結為見惑中之最甚者，故為見惑之總稱，能斷此三結，則證預流果，得不墮法，定趣菩提。〔增一阿含經卷十六、大毘婆沙論卷四十六、大乘義章卷五末〕p84

일래과의 마음
일래도의 마음
3종결(三種結) 
애결(愛結)에결(恚結)무명결(無明) 
조복Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.58.
Path consciousness of once-returning (sakadāgāmi-maggacitta): This citta is
the consciousness associated with the Noble Eightfold Path that gives access to the plane
of a once-returner. While it does not eradicate any fetters, this citta attenuates the grosser
forms of sensory desire (kāma-rāga) and ill will (vyāpāda). The person who has reached
this stage will be reborn in this world at most one more time before attaining liberation.

불환과의 마음
불환도의 마음
5하분결(五下分結)
유신견결(有身見結)계금취견결(戒禁取見結)의결(疑結)욕탐결(欲貪結)진에결(瞋恚結)
단멸Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.58.
Path consciousness of non-returning (anāgāmi-maggacitta): One who attains
the third path will never again be reborn in the sensory plane. If such a person does not
reach Arahantship in the same lifetime, he will be reborn in the fine-material world and
there attain the goal. The path consciousness of non-returning cuts off the fetters of
sensory desire (kāma-rāga) and ill will (vyāpāda); it also permanently eliminates the two
cittas rooted in hatred.

5상분결(五上分結)
색탐결(色貪結)무색탐결(無色貪結)도거결(掉舉結)만결(慢結)무명결(無明結)
단멸Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.58.
Path consciousness of Arahantship (arahatta-maggacitta): An Arahant is a
fully liberated one, a person who has destroyed (hata) the enemy (ari) consisting of the
defilements (kilesa). The path consciousness of Arahantship is the citta that issues
directly in the full liberation of Arahantship. This citta destroys the five subtle fetters:
(1) desire for fine-material existence (rūpa-rāga); (2) desire for immaterial existence
(arūpa-rāga); (3) conceit (māna); (4) restlessness (uddhacca); and (5) ignorance (avijjā).
It also eliminates the remaining types of unwholesome cittas: the four rooted in greed
dissociated from views and the one rooted in delusion associated with restlessness.
</table>

출세간의 과보의 마음은 다음의 분류 또는 체계에 속한다.

 욕계색계무색계출세간에 속한 총 89가지 마음 또는 총 121가지 마음
 욕계 마음 54가지
 색계 마음 15가지
 무색계 마음 12가지
 출세간의 마음 8가지 또는 40가지
 출세간의 유익한 마음 4가지 또는 20가지
 출세간의 과보의 마음 4가지 또는 20가지

 욕계색계무색계출세간에 속한 총 36가지 또는 52가지의 과보의 마음
 욕계 마음에 속한 해로운 과보의 마음 7가지 一 누적 7가지
 욕계 마음에 속한 원인 없는 유익한 과보의 마음 8가지 一 누적 15가지
 욕계 마음에 속한 욕계 과보의 마음 8가지 一 누적 23가지
 색계 마음에 속한 색계 과보의 마음 5가지 一 누적 28가지
 무색계 마음에 속한 무색계 과보의 마음 4가지 一 누적 32가지
 출세간의 마음에 속한 출세간의 과보의 마음 4가지 또는 20가지 一 누적 36가지 또는 52가지

 같이 보기 
 4향4과
 결 (불교)
 3계
 3유
 25유
 아름다운 마음
 아름답지 않은 마음
 유익한 마음
 과보의 마음
 작용만 하는 마음

 각주 

분류:불교 용어
분류:아비담마
분류:심법
분류:심소법