루마니아의 인구

섬네일|339x339픽셀|1950-2008 루마니아의 출생률 및 사망률 추이
섬네일|332x332픽셀|2020년 루마니아의 인구 피라미드

 인구학적 동향 
다른 동구권 국가들처럼 소련이 붕괴할 즈음에, 출생률은 급감한 반면 사망률은 급증해, 출생아 수가 사망자 수를 밑돌아 자연감소하는 러시안 크로스 현상이 나타났으며, 현재까지도 인구가 계속 감소하고 있다. 루마니아의 경우 1990년 2320만 명으로 정점을 찍었고, 그 이후 인구가 감소해 2020년 1926만 명으로 감소했다. 다른 동구권 및 구소련 국가들처럼, 루마니아도 인구 유출로 인구 감소율이 높은 편이며, 2015-2020년 연간 평균 인구 성장률은 -0.7%이다.

 루마니아의 인구 통계(2019년, 유엔) 
총인구: 1940만 명

15세 미만 인구: 15.6%

15~24세 인구: 10.4%

25~64세 인구: 55.2%

65세 이상 인구: 18.8%

노인 부양 가능 인구(65세 이상 노인 1명당 25~64세 노동 인구): 2.9명

인구 성장률: -0.7%

조출생률(인구 1000명당): 9.6명

합계출산율: 1.63명

조사망률(인구 1000명당): 13.2명

영아사망률(1살 미만 1000명당): 6명

유아사망률(5세 미만 1000명당): 7명

기대수명: 76.1세

 인구 통계 

 1850-1899 합계출산율 
출처: Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation.
연도18501851185218531854185518561857185818591860합계출산율5.225.084.944.84.664.524.384.244.113.974.23
연도1861186218631864186518661867186818691870합계출산율4.294.294.074.824.644.194.254.484.564.61
연도1871187218731874187518761877187818791880합계출산율4.494.294.364.65.24.964.744.224.975.05
연도1881188218831884188518861887188818891890합계출산율5.565.415.745.555.785.655.495.685.445.16
연도189118921893189418951896189718981899합계출산율5.675.235.435.485.675.455.754.925.63

 제1차 세계 대전 이전 
인구출생아 수사망자 수자연 증감조출생률 (1000명당)조사망률 (1000명당)자연 증감률 (1000명당)합계출산율19006,050,000235,000146,00089,00038.824.214.65.2019016,120,000241,000160,00081,00039.326.213.15.2719026,210,000242,000172,00070,00039.027.711.35.2319036,290,000252,000156,00096,00040.124.815.35.3719046,390,000256,000156,000100,00040.124.415.75.3719056,480,000248,000160,00088,00038.324.713.65.1319066,570,000262,000157,000105,00039.923.916.05.3519076,680,000274,000176,00098,00041.126.314.85.5119086,770,000273,000185,00088,00040.327.412.95.4019096,860,000282,000188,00094,00041.127.413.75.5119106,970,000274,000173,000101,00039.324.814.55.2719117,090,000300,000179,000121,00042.325.317.05.6719127,240,000314,000166,000148,00043.422.920.55.8219137,360,000310,000192,000118,00042.126.116.05.6419147,770,000327,000183,000144,00042.123.518.65.6419157,910,000320,000194,000126,00040.524.516.05.43
연도191619171918합계출산율4.844.253.67

 제1차 세계 대전과 제2차 세계 대전 사이 기간 
인구출생아 수사망자 수자연 증감조출생률 (1000명당)조출생률 (1000명당)자연 증감률 (1000명당)합계출산율191915,920,000366,000328,00038,00023.020.62.43.08192016,010,000539,000415,000124,00033.725.97.84.52192116,240,000620,000372,000248,00038.222.915.35.12192216,500,000614,000376,000238,00037.222.814.44.98192316,770,000609,000372,000237,00036.422.114.34.88192416,990,000623,000383,000240,00036.722.514.24.92192517,190,000606,000362,000244,00035.221.114.14.72192617,460,000608,000373,000235,00034.821.413.44.66192717,690,000603,000393,000210,00034.122.211.94.57192817,970,000624,000352,000272,00034.719.615.14.65192917,640,000601,000378,000223,00034.121.412.74.57193017,870,000625,000347,000278,00035.019.415.64.69193118,190,000605,000379,000226,00033.320.812.54.46193218,427,000662,000399,000263,00035.921.714.24.81193318,653,000598,000348,000250,00032.118.713.44.30193418,914,000612,416390,668221,74832.420.711.74.34193519,088,000585,503402,720182,78330.721.19.64.11193619,319,000608,906382,179226,72731.519.811.74.22193719,535,000601,310377,954223,35630.819.311.44.13193819,750,000585,423379,445205,97829.619.210.43.97193919,934,000563,817370,348193,46928.318.69.73.79
연도194019411942194319441945합계출산율3.553.082.873.142.912.63

 제2차 세계 대전 이후 
기본 출처들::

출처: 루마니아 통계청
인구출생아 수사망자 수자연 증감조출생률 (1000명당)조사망률 (1000명당)자연 증감률 (1000명당)합계출산율194615,760,000391,273296,43994,83424.818.86.03.32194715,860,000370,562349,33121,23123.422.01.33.14194815,893,000379,868248,238131,63023.915.68.33.20194916,084,000444,065219,881224,18427.613.713.93.70195016,311,000426,820202,010224,81026.212.413.83.14195116,464,000412,534210,021202,51325.112.812.33.01195216,630,000413,217195,287217,93024.811.713.12.97195316,847,000401,717194,752206,96523.811.612.32.76195417,040,000422,346195,091227,25524.811.413.32.98195517,325,000442,864167,535275,32925.69.715.93.07195617,583,000425,704174,847250,85724.29.914.32.89195717,829,000407,819181,923225,89622.910.212.72.73195818,056,000390,500156,493234,00721.68.713.02.58195918,226,000368,007186,767181,24020.210.29.92.43196018,403,414352,241160,720191,52119.18.710.42.34196118,566,932324,859161,936162,92317.58.78.82.18196218,680,721301,985172,429129,55616.29.26.92.04196318,813,131294,886155,767139,11915.78.37.42.01196418,927,081287,383152,476134,90715.28.17.11.96196519,027,367278,362163,393114,96914.68.66.01.91196619,140,783273,678157,445116,23314.38.26.11.90196719,284,814527,764179,129348,63527.49.318.13.68196819,720,984526,091188,509337,58226.79.617.13.64196920,010,178465,764201,225264,53923.310.113.23.20197020,252,541427,034193,255233,77921.19.511.52.89197120,469,658400,146194,306205,84019.59.510.12.67197220,662,648389,153189,793199,36018.89.29.62.55197320,827,525378,696203,559175,13718.29.88.42.44197421,028,841427,732191,286236,44620.39.111.22.71197521,245,103418,185197,538220,64719.79.310.42.60197621,445,698417,353204,873212,48019.59.69.92.55197721,657,569423,958208,685215,27319.69.69.92.57197821,854,622416,598211,846204,75219.19.79.42.52197922,048,305410,603217,509193,09418.69.98.82.48198022,201,387398,904231,876167,02818.010.47.52.43198122,352,635381,101224,635156,46617.010.07.02.36198222,477,703344,369224,120120,24915.310.05.32.17198322,553,074321,498233,89287,60614.310.43.92.07198422,624,505350,741233,699117,04215.510.35.22.27198522,724,836358,797246,670112,12715.810.94.92.31198622,823,479376,896242,330134,56616.510.65.92.40198722,940,430383,199254,286128,91316.711.15.62.39198823,053,552380,043253,370126,67316.511.05.52.31198923,151,564369,544247,306122,23816.010.75.32.20199023,206,720314,746247,08667,66013.610.62.91.83199123,185,084275,275251,76023,51511.910.91.01.59199222,788,969260,393263,855 -3,46211.411.6 -0.21.51199322,755,260249,994263,323 -13,32911.011.6 -0.61.43199422,730,622246,736266,101 -19,36510.911.7 -0.91.40199522,680,951236,640271,672 -35,03210.412.0 -1.51.33199622,607,620231,348286,158 -54,81010.212.7 -2.41.30199722,545,925236,891279,315 -42,42410.512.4 -1.91.32199822,502,803237,297269,166 -31,86910.512.0 -1.41.32199922,458,022234,600265,194 -30,59410.411.8 -1.41.30200022,435,205234,521255,820 -21,29910.511.4 -0.91.31200122,408,393220,368259,603 -39,2359.811.6 -1.81.27200221,675,775210,529269,666 -59,1379.712.4 -2.71.25200321,574,365212,459266,575 -54,1169.812.4 -2.51.30200421,451,845216,261258,890 -42,62910.112.1 -2.01.33200521,319,673221,020262,101 -41,08110.412.3 -1.91.40200621,193,749219,483258,094 -38,61110.412.2 -1.81.42200720,882,980214,728251,965 -37,23710.312.1 -1.81.45200820,537,848221,900253,202 -31,30210.812.3 -1.51.60200920,367,437222,388257,213 -34,82510.912.6 -1.71.66201020,246,798212,199259,723 -47,52410.512.8 -2.31.59201120,147,657196,242251,439 -55,1979.712.5 -2.71.47201220,060,182180,714253,716 -73,0029.012.6 -3.61.52201319,988,694176,013246,825 -70,8128.812.3 -3.51.46201419,916,451183,785253,307 -69,5229.212.7 -3.51.56201519,822,250185,006260,661 -75,6559.313.1 -3.81.62201619,706,424188,415256,476 -68,0619.613.0 -3.51.69201719,592,933189,474260,599 -71,1259.713.3 -3.61.78201819,476,713187,824263,125 -75,3019.613.5 -3.91.76201919,370,448185,677259,307 -73,6309.613.4 -3.81.77202019,265,662176,766297,039 -120,2739.215.4 -6.2

 체류 외국인 현황 
외국 태생의 인구. 출처: 유럽 연합 통계국
201320152017종합182,939281,048421,80159,670114,654161,84622,48638,58056,51518,82729,93742,1658,74311,90016,7292,6045,20815,3463,7596,55215,1213,7806,47112,58911,16310,46510,6465,7956,4208,1845,05737,9864,0854,6536,4944,9525,2696,0632,9783,7225,0682,3602,8764,4282,2952,5763,4921,6651,8372,936541,1022,6501,1361,4192,3381,5295,7832,2961215091,934226571,8761,0341,0621,6271,1141,2611,464813641,3771023011,18990329978103298932

 각주