독일의 인구

독일의 인구는 8316만 6711명으로, 유럽에서 러시아 다음으로, 전 세계에서 19번째로 인구가 많다.
섬네일|351x351픽셀|1950-2020 독일의 인구 (1990년부터는 동독도 포함)
섬네일|374x374픽셀|1950-2020 독일의 출생아 수, 사망자 수 (동독, 베를린도 포함)
섬네일|360x360px|1950-현재 독일의 인구 피라미드 변화.

 인구학적 동향 
독일은 낮은 출생률로 인해 1972년부터 지금까지 출생아 수가 사망자 수를 밑돌아 인구가 자연감소하고 있으나, 2012년부터 대규모 이민을 받은 덕분에 총인구는 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이토록 오랜기간 자연감소하는 반면, 이민자는 증가하고 있고 있어, 2019년에는 외국계 주민이 전체 인구의 26%를 차지하기에 이르렀다. 이 외국계 주민은 외국인, 귀화자, 동유럽에서 송환된 독일인 및 그 후손 등이 해당된다.

 독일의 인구 통계(2019년, 유엔) 
총인구: 8350만 명

15세 미만 인구: 13.8%

15~24세 인구: 10.4%

25~64세 인구: 54.2%

65세 이상 인구: 21.6%

노인 부양 가능 인구(65세 이상 노인 1명당 25~64세 노동 인구): 2.5명

인구 성장률: 0.4%

조출생률(인구 1000명당): 9.5명

합계출산율: 1.60명

조사망률(인구 1000명당): 11.4명

영아사망률(1살 미만 1000명당): 3명

유아사망률(5세 미만 1000명당): 3명

기대수명: 81.3세

 인구 통계 

 1800 - 1899 합계출산율 
출처:: Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation.
+독일의 합계출산율연도180018011802180318041805180618071808180918105.45.405.395.395.385.385.375.375.365.365.35연도18111812181318141815181618171818181918205.355.345.345.335.335.325.325.335.355.37연도18211822182318241825182618271828182918305.355.335.315.285.265.175.074.974.884.78연도18311832183318341835183618371838183918404.804.834.854.884.94.94.94.94.94.9연도18411842184318441845184618471848184918504.94.954.975.005.025.025.025.015.015.01연도18511852185318541855185618571858185918604.874.744.604.474.334.454.564.674.794.90연도18611862186318641865186618671868186918704.934.965.005.035.065.095.115.135.165.18연도18711872187318741875187618771878187918805.245.305.355.415.465.385.305.225.145.06연도18811882188318841885188618871888188918905.145.215.295.285.265.255.235.225.215.20연도1891189218931894189518961897189818995.185.175.165.145.115.095.065.044.99

 1875-2020 기대수명 
출처: Our World In Data, 유엔.

1875-1950
연도187518851895190519111915192519351946기대수명38.539.542.845.549.040.557.461.560.5
1950-2020
기간기대수명기간기대수명1950–195567.51985–199075.01955–196068.91990–199576.01960–196570.01995–200077.31965–197070.72000–200578.61970–197571.22005–201079.71975–198072.32010–201580.41980–198573.72015-202081.1

 1900-현재 출생 및 사망 통계 
다음은 1900-현재 독일 인구 통계로, 독일은 1918/1919년, 1921/1922년, 1945/1946년, 1990년에 영토가 변화하였음을 유의해야 한다.
인구출생아 수사망자 수자연 증감조출생률 (1000명당)조사망률 (1000명당)자연 증감률 (1000명당)합계출산율독일 전체서독(구) 동독190054,326,0001,944,1391,199,382744,75735.822.113.74.93190155,144,0001,980,3131,140,489839,82435.920.715.24.88190256,017,0001,971,7351,088,492883,24335.219.415.84.82190356,869,0001,931,0781,135,905795,17334.020.014.04.77190457,695,0001,972,8471,128,183844,66434.219.614.64.68190558,514,0001,935,1531,158,314776,83933.119.813.34.60190659,343,0001,970,4771,078,202892,27533.218.215.04.51190760,183,0001,948,9331,084,309864,62432.418.014.44.43190861,023,0001,964,0521,100,490863,56232.218.014.24.34190961,857,0001,929,2781,062,217867,06131.217.214.94.18191062,698,0001,876,7781,016,665860,11329.916.213.74.01191163,469,0001,824,7291,097,784726,94528.717.311.53.85191264,236,0001,823,6361,000,749822,88728.415.612.83.68191365,058,0001,794,750975,950818,80027.615.012.63.52191465,860,0001,775,5961,246,310529,28627.018.98.03.27191565,953,0001,353,5461,410,420 -56,87420.521.4 -0.93.02191665,795,0001,005,4841,258,054 -252,57015.319.1 -3.82.76191765,450,000912,1091,345,424 -433,31513.920.6 -6.62.51191864,800,000926,8131,606,475 -679,66214.324.8 -10.52.26191962,897,0001,260,500978,380282,12020.015.64.52.33192061,794,0001,599,287932,929666,35825.915.110.82.40192162,473,0001,581,130869,555711,57525.313.911.42.48192261,890,0001,424,804890,181534,62323.014.48.62.55192362,250,0001,318,489866,754451,73521.213.97.22.62192462,740,0001,290,763766,957523,80620.612.28.42.42192563,110,0001,311,259753,017558,24220.811.98.82.21192663,510,0001,245,471742,955502,51619.611.77.92.10192763,940,0001,178,892765,331413,56118.412.06.51.98192864,470,0001,199,998747,444452,55418.611.67.01.99192964,670,0001,164,062814,545349,51718.012.65.41.931930Franz Eher Nachfolger1,144,151718,807425,34417.611.06.51.88193165,510,0001,047,775734,165313,61016.011.24.81.71193265,716,000993,126707,642285,48415.110.84.31.62193366,027,000971,174737,877233,29714.711.23.51.58193466,409,0001,198,350725,000473,00018.010.97.11.93193566,871,0001,263,976792,018471,95818.911.87.12.03193667,349,0001,278,583795,793482,79019.011.87.22.07193767,831,0001,277,046794,367482,67918.811.77.12.09193868,424,0001,348,534799,220549,31419.711.78.02.25193969,314,0001,413,230854,348558,88220.412.38.12.39194069,838,0001,402,258885,591516,66720.112.77.42.40194170,244,0001,308,232844,435463,79718.612.06.62.25194270,834,0001,055,915847,861208,05414.912.02.91.83194370,411,0001,124,718853,246271,47216.012.13.92.00194469,000,0001,215,000915,000300,00017.613.34.31.89194566,000,0001,060,0001,210,000 -150,00016.118.3 -2.31.53194664,260,000921,9981,001,331 -79,33314.315.6 -1.21.65194765,842,0001,028,421932,62895,79315.614.21.51.922.011.75194867,365,0001,049,074804,839244,23515.611.93.61.962.071.76194968,080,0001,106,803770,852335,95116.311.34.92.112.142.03195068,374,0001,116,701748,329368,37216.310.95.42.142.102.35195168,882,0001,106,380752,697353,68316.110.95.12.162.062.46195269,171,0001,105,084767,639337,44516.011.14.92.162.082.42195369,564,0001,095,029790,654304,37515.711.44.42.152.072.40195469,934,0001,109,743775,291334,45215.911.14.82.182.122.38195570,307,0001,113,408795,938317,47015.811.34.52.182.112.38195670,711,0001,137,169812,111325,05816.111.54.62.222.192.30195771,166,0001,165,555840,195325,36016.411.84.62.282.282.24195871,637,0001,175,870818,418357,45216.411.45.02.292.292.22195972,180,0001,243,922835,402408,52017.211.65.72.362.342.37196072,664,0001,261,614876,721384,89317.412.15.32.372.372.35196173,352,0001,313,505850,300463,20517.911.66.32.452.472.42196274,049,0001,316,534878,814437,72017.811.95.92.442.452.42196375,019,0001,355,595895,070460,52518.111.96.12.512.522.47196475,273,0001,357,304870,319486,98518.011.66.52.542.552.48196576,061,0001,325,386907,882417,50417.411.95.52.502.512.48196676,734,0001,318,303911,984406,31917.211.95.32.512.542.43196776,954,0001,272,276914,417357,85916.511.94.72.482.542.34196877,249,0001,214,968976,521238,44715.712.63.12.382.392.30196977,918,0001,142,366988,092154,27414.712.72.02.212.202.24197077,772,0001,047,737975,66472,07313.512.50.92.031.992.19197178,355,0001,013,396965,62347,77312.912.30.61.961.922.13197278,717,000901,657965,689 -64,03211.512.3 -0.81.731.721.79197378,951,000815,969962,988 -147,01910.312.2 -1.91.561.541.58197478,966,000805,500956,573 -151,07310.212.1 -1.91.531.511.54197578,862,000782,310989,649 -207,3399.912.5 -2.61.481.451.54197678,299,000798,334966,873 -168,53910.212.3 -2.21.511.461.64197778,161,000805,496931,155 -125,65910.311.9 -1.61.511.401.85197878,066,000808,619955,550 -146,93110.412.2 -1.91.501.381.90197978,082,000817,217944,474 -127,25710.512.1 -1.61.501.391.90198078,295,000865,789952,371 -86,58211.112.2 -1.11.561.441.94198178,399,000862,100954,436 -92,33611.012.2 -1.21.531.431.85198278,293,000861,275943,832 -82,55711.012.1 -1.11.511.411.86198378,082,000827,933941,032 -113,09910.612.1 -1.41.431.331.79198477,797,000812,292917,299 -105,00710.411.8 -1.31.391.291.74198577,619,000813,803929,649 -115,84610.512.0 -1.51.371.281.73198677,635,000848,232925,426 -77,19410.911.9 -1.01.411.341.70198777,718,000867,969901,291 -33,32211.211.6 -0.41.431.371.74198878,116,000892,993900,627 -7,63411.411.5 -0.11.461.411.67198978,677,000880,459903,441 -22,98211.211.5 -0.31.421.391.56199079,365,000905,675921,445 -15,77011.411.6 -0.21.451.451.52199179,753,227830,019911,245 -81,22610.411.4 -1.01.331.420.98199280,274,564809,114885,443 -76,32910.111.0 -1.01.291.400.83199380,974,632798,447897,270 -98,8239.911.1 -1.21.281.390.78199481,338,093769,603884,661 -115,0589.510.9 -1.41.241.350.77199581,538,603765,221884,588 -119,3679.410.8 -1.51.251.340.84199681,817,499796,013882,843 -86,8309.710.8 -1.11.321.400.95199782,012,162812,173860,389 -48,2169.910.5 -0.61.371.441.04199882,057,379785,034852,382 -67,3489.610.4 -0.81.361.411.09199982,037,011770,744846,330 -75,5869.410.3 -0.91.361.411.15200082,163,475766,999838,797 -71,7989.310.2 -0.91.381.411.21200182,259,540734,475828,541 -94,0668.910.1 -1.11.351.381.23200282,440,309719,250841,686 -122,4368.710.2 -1.51.341.371.24200382,536,680706,721853,946 -147,2258.610.3 -1.81.341.361.26200482,531,671705,622818,271 -112,6498.59.9 -1.41.361.371.31200582,500,849685,795830,227 -144,4328.310.1 -1.81.341.361.30200682,437,995672,724821,627 -148,9038.210.0 -1.81.331.341.30200782,314,906684,862827,155 -142,2938.310.0 -1.71.371.381.37200882,217,837682,514844,439 -161,9258.310.3 -2.01.381.371.40200982,002,356665,126854,544 -189,4188.110.4 -2.31.361.351.40201081,802,257677,947858,768 -180,8218.310.5 -2.21.391.391.46201181,751,602662,685852,328 -189,6438.110.4 -2.31.391.381.46201280,327,900673,544869,582 -196,0388.410.8 -2.41.411.401.48201380,523,746682,069893,825 -211,7568.511.1 -2.61.421.411.49201480,767,463714,927868,356 -153,4298.910.8 -1.91.471.471.54201581,197,537737,575925,200 -187,6259.111.4 -2.31.501.501.56201682,175,684792,141910,902 -118,7619.611.1 -1.41.591.601.64201782,521,653784,901932,272 -147,3719.511.3 -1.81.571.581.61201882,792,351787,523954,874 -167,3519.511.5 -2.01.571.581.60201983,019,213778,090939,520 -161,4309.411.3 -1.91.541.561.56202083,166,711773,144985,572 -212,4289.311.8 -2.5
2019년 출생아 중에 산모가 독일 시민권자인 아이는 58만 8401명으로, 75.6%를 차지했으며, 산모가 외국인인 아이는 18만 9689명으로 24.4%를 차지했다.

 도시별 인구 

 국적별 체류 외국인 현황 
순위국적인구비율 (%)종합11,432,46010011,461,91012.82866,6907.63818,4607.24799,1807.05648,3605.76426,8453.77388,7003.48364,2853.29271,8052.410264,5652.311263,3002.312259,5002.313242,8552.114211,4601.815211,3351.816186,9101.617181,6451.618150,8401.319150,5301.320145,6101.321145,5101.322140,5901.223138,5551.224123,4001.125121,1151.126117,4501.027103,6200.92891,3750.82979,7250.73075,7350.7

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