틀링깃어

틀링깃어(, )는 알래스카 동남부와 캐나다 서부의 원주민인 틀링깃족의 언어이다. 나데네어족의 한 갈래를 이룬다.

 음운론 
 자음 
다음 표에는 틀링깃어의 자음 음소를 일반적인 철자법과 국제 음성 기호로 나타내었다. 지위가 약한 음소는 괄호 안에 넣었다.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2| 
! rowspan=2 | 양순음
! colspan=2 | 치경음
! rowspan=2 | 경구개음
! colspan=2 | 연구개음
! colspan=2 | 구개수음
! colspan=2 | 성문음
|- style="font-size: x-small;"
! 중설음
! 설측음
! 기본
! 순음화
! 기본
! 순음화
! 기본
! 순음화
|-
! rowspan=3 | 파열음
! 무기음
| 
| d 
| 
| 
| g 
| gw 
| gh 
| ghw 
|  .  
|(.w )
|-
! 유기음
| 
| t 
| 
| 
| k 
| kw 
| kh 
| khw 
| 
|
|-
! 방출음
| 
| t'  
| 
| 
| k'  
| k'w 
| kh'  
| kh'w 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=3 | 파찰음
! 무기음
| 
| dz 
| dl 
| j 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! 유기음
| 
| ts 
| tl 
| ch 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! 방출음
| 
| ts'  
| tl'  
| ch'  
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=2 | 마찰음
! 무성음
| 
| s 
| l 
| sh 
| x 
| xw 
| xh 
| xhw 
| h 
| (hw )
|-
! 방출음
| 
| s'  
| l'  
| 
| x'  
| x'w 
| xh'  
| xh'w 
| 
| 
|-
! colspan=2 | 비음
| (m )
| n 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! colspan=2 | 접근음
| 
| 
| (ll )
| y 
| (ÿ )
| w 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

 각주 

 참고 문헌 

 Beck, David. (2001). "Conventionality and lexical classes", pp. 19–26 in Proceedings of WSCLA 5: The Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas, Gessner, Suzanne; Oh, Sunyoung; & Shiobara, Kayono (eds.). Volume 5 of Working Papers in Linguistics. University of British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia.
 Bird, Sonya. (2001). "What is a word? Evidence from a computational approach to Navajo verbal morphology", pp. 27–35 in Proceedings of WSCLA 5: The Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas, Gessner, Suzanne; Oh, Sunyoung; & Shiobara, Kayono (eds.). Volume 5 of Working Papers in Linguistics. University of British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia.
 Boas, Franz. (1917). Grammatical notes on the language of the Tlingit Indians. University of Pennsylvania Museum anthropological publications.
 Cable, Seth. (2004). A metrical analysis of syncope in Tlingit. Manuscript. 
 Dauenhauer, Nora M.; & Dauenhauer, Richard (Eds.). (1987). Haa Shuká, Our Ancestors. Number 1 in Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
 ——— (1990). Haa Tuwunáagu Yís, For Healing Our Spirit. Number 2 in Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
 ——— (Eds.). (1994). Haa K̲usteeyí, Our Culture: Tlingit life stories. Number 3 in Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
 ——— (Eds.). (1995). "A Tlingit ceremonial speech by Willie Marks", pp. 239–244 in Dürr, M; Renner, E.; & Oleschinski, W. (Eds.), Language and Culture in Native North America: Studies in honor of Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow. Number 2 in LINCOM Studies in Native American Linguistics. LINCOM: Munich, Germany. .
 ——— (2000). Beginning Tlingit, 4th ed. Sealaska Heritage Foundation Press: Juneau, Alaska. . First edition 1994.
 ——— (2002). Lingít X̲'éinax̲ Sá! Say it in Tlingit: A Tlingit phrase book. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Juneau, Alaska. .
 ——— (2002). Intermediate Tlingit (draft). Manuscript.
 Dauenhauer, Richard. (1974). Text and context of Tlingit oral tradition. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin: Madison, Wisconsin.
 Dryer, Matthew. (1985). "Tlingit: An object-initial language?", Canadian Journal of Linguistics 30:1–13.
 Goddard, Pliny Earle. (1920). "Has Tlingit a genetic relationship to Athapascan", International Journal of American Linguistics 1:266–279.
 Leer, Jeffery A. (1979). Proto-Athabaskan Verb Stem Variation, Part One: Phonology. Volume 1 in Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers. Alaska Native Language Center: Fairbanks, Alaska.
 ——— (1990). Tlingit: A portmanteau language family? In P. Baldi (Ed.), Linguistics change and reconstruction methodology (pp. 73–98). Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin, Germany.
 ——— (1991). The Schetic Categories of the Tlingit verb.  PhD dissertation. University of Chicago Department of Linguistics: Chicago, Illinois.
 ——— (2000). "The negative/irrealis category in Athabaskan–Eyak–Tlingit", ch. 6 pp. 101–138 in The Athabaskan Languages: Perspectives on a Native American Language Family, Fernald, Theodore B. & Platero, Paul R. (eds.). Volume 24 in Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. .
 Leer, Jeff; Hitch, David; & Ritter, John. (2001). Interior Tlingit Noun Dictionary: The dialects spoken by Tlingit elders of Carcross and Teslin, Yukon, and Atlin, British Columbia. Yukon Native Language Center: Whitehorse, Yukon. .
 Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; & Bessell, Nicola. (2001). Aspects of the phonetics of Tlingit. Anthropological Linguistics 43(2): 135–176.
 Naish, Constance M. (1966). A syntactic study of Tlingit. Master's dissertation. University of North Dakota.
 Naish, Constance M.; & Story, Gillian L. (1973). Tlingit verb dictionary. Summer Institute of Linguistics: College, Alaska. 
 ——— (1996). The English-Tlingit dictionary: Nouns (3rd ed.; H. Davis & J. Leer, Eds.). Sheldon Jackson College: Sitka, Alaska. (Revision of the Naish-Story dictionary of 1963.)
 Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen. (1962). "Two problems of the historical phonology of Na-Dene languages". International Journal of American Linguistics, 28:162–166.
 ——— (1966). Grundzüge einer historischen Lautlehre des Tlingit: ein Versuch. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
 ——— (1976). Geschichte der Na-Dene-Forschung. (Indiana : Beihefte ; 5). Berlin: Mann. 
 Swanton, John. (1911). "Tlingit", pp. 159–204 in Handbook of American Indian Languages. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.


 외부 링크 

 Lingít Yoo X̲'atángi: The Tlingit Language
 A Grammar of the Tlingit Language
 Tlingit Teaching and Learning Aids
 Tlingit Noun Dictionary
 Tlingit Verb Dictionary (unfinished)
 Tongass Text
 Alaskan Orthodox texts (Tlingit) , 1812–1920 (cf. The Alaskan Orthodox Texts Project celebrates its 10th anniversary, May 2015)
 The Russian Church and Native Alaskan Cultures: Preserving Native Languages
 Yukon Native Language Centre
 Talking about Beliefs: The Alaskan Tlingit language today
 Tlingit basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
 Anash Interactive
 Tlingit lexicographic database done in TshwaneLex; PDF version produced using XeLaTeX

분류:나데네어족
분류:미국의 언어
분류:캐나다의 언어