ជំរំជនភៀសខ្លួន សាយធូ

ជំរំជនភៀសខ្លួន សាយធូ (, ហៅខ្លី Site II or Site 2) គឺជាជំរំជនភៀសខ្លួន ធំជាងគេបំផុត ដែលមានទីតាំងនៅតាមបណ្ដោយព្រំដែនខ្មែរ-ថៃ ហើយក៏ធ្លាប់ជាប់ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ជាជំរំធំជាងគេបំផុតនៅតំបន់អាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ រយៈពេលច្រើនឆ្នាំដែរ។ ជំរំនេះត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងនៅខែមករា ១៩៨៥ អំឡុងពេល 1984-1985 Vietnamese dry-season offensive ប្រឆាំងនឹងកំលាំងទ័ពព្រៃដែលប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំងនឹងការកាន់កាប់ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាពីសំណាក់ប្រទេសវៀតណាម ។ Robinson C. Terms of refuge: The Indochinese Exodus and the International Response. London ; New York, New York: Zed Books; Distributed in the USA exclusively by St. Martin's Press, 1998, p. 92.

ការកសាងជំរំជនភៀសខ្លួន

In early 1985 the Royal Thai Government, together with the United Nations Border Relief Operation (UNBRO) and other UN agencies, decided to resettle populations displaced from refugee camps that had been destroyed by military activity into a single camp where aid agencies could provide combined services.French LC. Enduring Holocaust, Surviving History: Displaced Cambodians on the Thai-Cambodian Border, 1989-1991. Harvard University, 1994. Site Two was located in Thailand 70 kilometers northeast of Aranyaprathet, near Ta Phraya, approximately 4 kilometers from the Cambodian border.

ចំនួនប្រជាជនរស់នៅក្នុងជំរំ
ជំរំនេះ​គ្រប​ដណ្ដប់​​លើ​ ផ្ទៃ​ដី​ទំហំ​  និង​រួម​បញ្ចូល​ប្រជាជន​ មក​ពីជំរំ ណង​សាមិត (ឫទ្ធិសែន), បាង​ភូ (Bang Phu), ណង​ចាន់, ណាំ​យើន (ជំរំ​​មួយស្ថិត​នៅ​ភាគ​ខាង​កើត​ព្រំដែន​​កម្ពុជា​ថៃ ស្ថិត​ក្បែរ​ប្រទេស​ឡាវ), សាន់រ៉ (Sanro Changan), អូរបុក, Ban Sangae (Ampil), និង​ដងរែក​ (Dong Ruk),French 1994, p. 88. ដែល​ត្រូវ​បាន​ផ្លាស់​ទី​កន្លែង​ដោយ​ការ​ប្រយុទ្ធ​គ្នា​រវាង ខែ​វិច្ឆិកា​ឆ្នាំ ១៩៨៤ និងខែ​មីនា​​ឆ្នាំ​១៩៨៥។ These camps supported the non-communist resistance spearheaded by Son Sann's Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF). However, Site Two was intended as a civilian camp and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) were based in other locations.Reynell J. Political Pawns: Refugees on the Thai-Kampuchean Border. Oxford: Refugee Studies Programme, 1989.

One section of the camp was reserved for Vietnamese refugees and beginning in January 1988 Thailand transferred Vietnamese boat people directly to Site Two.Robinson, p. 96.Vietnamese Refugee Camps at Thailand-Cambodia border

Between 1989 and 1991 the camp's population went from 145,000 to over 198,000.

សេវាកម្មដែលមានផ្ដល់នៅជំរំ
Initially programs at Site Two were limited to the most basic support services: medical care, public health programs, sanitation, construction, and skills training in areas directly related to the running of the camp. This was in keeping with the Thai policy of "humane deterrence": the principle that the camps should not become permanent settlements or provide a level of assistance beyond what the refugees could expect to find in Cambodia.French 1994, p. 100.

Camp services were mostly provided by the American Refugee Committee (ARC), Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees (COERR), Concern, Christian Outreach (COR), Handicap International, the International Rescue Committee, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), the Japan International Volunteer Center (JVC), Malteser-Hilfsdienst Auslandsdienst (MHD), Medicins Sans Frontieres, Operation Handicap International (OHI), the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Japan Sotoshu Relief Committee (JSRC), and YWAM."Services at Site II," These organizations were coordinated by UNBRO, which was directly responsible for the distribution of food and water.

អាហារ និងទឹក

 Rice: 3.4 kilograms/week
 Eggs: 100 grams/week
 Vegetables: 500 grams/week
 Fish products: 210 grams/week
 Dry beans: 500 grams/month
 Oil: 700 grams/month
 Salt: 280 grams/month
 Wheat flour: 700 grams/monthFrench 1994, pp. 134-140.

Water was a particular problem at Site Two. UNBRO constructed a large reservoir at Ban Wattana, approximately 12 kilometers from the camp. Most of Site Two's water was trucked in from this reservoir but in the dry season even this source was insufficient for the camp's needs. Late in 1990, UNBRO began drilling several deep wells in the camp, which ultimately provided much of the camp's water.French 1994, p. 96.

សេវាកម្មសុខាភិបាល
Medical services were provided by 5 dirt-floored, thatched bamboo hospitals and 8 outpatient clinics staffed by doctors and nurses from international voluntary agencies as well as Khmer medics and nurses. There was no surgical facility and surgical emergencies were referred to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) hospital at Khao-I-Dang,Soffer, Allen and Wilde, Henry, "Medicine in Cambodian Refugee Camps," Annals of Internal Medicine, 1986;105:618-621, p. 619. although family members of KPNLAF soldiers could obtain medical and surgical care at the Chiang Daoy Military Hospital, just outside the camp on the northern perimeter.French 1994, p. 75.

អប់រំ
Education at Site Two progressed slowly due to the Thai Government's policy of "humane deterrence" which discouraged programs and services that would attract refugees from Kampuchea. In 1988, with the agreement of the Royal Thai Government, UNBRO launched a major new educational assistance program, focusing at the primary level and providing support for curriculum development, the printing of educational materials, teacher training and the training of teacher trainers, the provision of supplies and the construction and equipment of classrooms.

By early 1989 the school system consisted of some fifty primary schools with an enrollment of approximately 70,000 pupils; three middle schools (collèges) and three high schools (lycées) with approximately 7,000 students, and more than 10,000 adults in literacy and vocational skills programs. Instruction was provided in Khmer by some 1,300 primary and over 300 secondary teachers recruited almost entirely from within the camps.

សន្តិសុខ

The Khmer Police took care of traditional police functions within Site Two. Until 1987 overall camp security was the responsibility of a special Thai Rangers unit known as Task Force 80, however this unit violated human rights extensivelyAbrams F, Orentlicher D, Heder SR. Kampuchea: After the Worst: A Report on Current Violations of Human Rights. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1985. ISBN 0-934143-29-3Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (U.S.). Seeking Shelter: Cambodians in Thailand: A Report on Human Rights. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1987. ISBN 0-934143-14-5Al Santoli, Eisenstein LJ, Rubenstein R, Helton AC, Refuge Denied: Problems in the Protection of Vietnamese and Cambodians in Thailand and the Admission of Indochinese Refugees into the United States. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, No.: ISBN 0-934143-20-X, 1989. until it was disbanded in April 1988New York Times, "Thailand to Phase Out Unit Accused of Abusing Refugees," April 7, 1988. and replaced by the DPPU (the Displaced Persons Protection Unit), a specially trained paramilitary unit created in 1987 expressly to provide security on the Thai-Cambodian border. The DPPU was responsible for protecting camp boundaries and preventing bandits from entering the camp.French 1994, p. 104.

ការបិទជំរំចោល
Site Two was closed in mid-1993 and the great majority of its population was voluntarily repatriated to CambodiaGrant M, Grant T, Fortune G, Horgan B. Bamboo & Barbed Wire: Eight Years as a Volunteer in a Refugee Camp. Mandurah, W.A.: DB Pub., 2000.

 ឯកសារយោង

 តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ 
 French Lindsay Cole, Mam B, Wuthy T, Grant T, Veasna M. Displaced Lives: Stories of Life and Culture from the Khmer in Site II, Thailand. International Rescue Committee, 1980.
French, Lindsay Cole. Enduring Holocaust, Surviving History: Displaced Cambodians on the Thai-Cambodian Border, 1989-1991.
 Thai-Cambodian Border Camps: Site Two
 Braile, L. E. (2005). We Shared the Peeled Orange: the letters of "Papa Louis" from the Thai-Cambodian Border Refugee Camps, 1981-1993. Saint Paul, Syren Book Co.
 Vietnamese Refugees at Site II
Tim Grant's Site Two Photo Album 
More of Tim Grant's Site Two Photos at Flickr

ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រខ្មែរ