Basa Shina Kohistani

Basa Shina Kohistani joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Kolai di nagara Pakistan. Panutur Bateri rik Kalkoti makay Basa Kohistani Shina sabagay basa keduwa.doi 10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.423 Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences 2013, Henrik Liljegren, Linguistic Discovery, volume 11

Kata injaman jak Basa Hindus Kohistani pacak tihaluko dilom basa sa. Tata basa rik kamus basa sija sa kok radu tipublikasiko.Ruth Laila Schmidt, Razval Kohistani, Mohammad Manzar Zarin, A Grammar of the Shina Language of Indus Kohistan 2008, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 9783447056762, hal 264Razval Kohistani, Complete Shina Kohistani Qaida By Razwal Kohistani 2020, isu 2 dilom Bahasa UrduKohistani Shina-Urdu dictionary published

 Huruf 
 Konsonan 
 Golar Bontuk  IPA LatinRadloff, Carla F. with Shakil Ahmad Shakil.1998. Folktales in the Shina of Gilgit. Islamabad: The National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics.  Unicode  Catatan  Shina Posay Uncuk Tongah Pangkal   aliv   , , silent – / aa U+0627U+0627  At the beginning of a word it can either come with diacritic, or it can come in form of aliv-madda (), or it can be stand-alone and silent, succeeded by a vowel letter. Diacritics  can be omitted in writing.   be       b  U+0628    pe       p  U+067E     te       t  U+062A     te       ṭ  U+0679    se       s  U+062B  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter siin .   ǰom       ǰ  U+062C    če       č  U+0686    tse       ts  U+0685  Letter borrowed from Pashto alphabet.   c̣e       c̣  U+0687  Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use  instead of .   he       h  U+062D  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter hay .   khe     ~  kh  U+062E  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with digraph letter khe .   daal   - -   d  U+062F    ḍaal   - -   ḍ  U+0688    zaal   - -   z  U+0630  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze .   re   - -   r  U+0631   ṛe   - -   ṛ  U+0691    ze   - -   z  U+0632    že / ǰe   - - ‍~‍  ž / ǰ  U+0632  Only used in loanwords of Persian and European origin. Can be replaced with letter jom .   ẓe   - -   ẓ  U+0699  Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use  instead of .   siin       s  U+0633    šiin       š  U+0634    ṣiin       ṣ  U+0687  Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use  instead of .   swaad       s  U+0635  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter siin .   zwaad       z  U+0636 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze .   tooy       t  U+0637  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter te .   zooy       z  U+0638  Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze .   ayn     , silent  -  U+0639 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter aliv .   gayn     ~  g  U+063A Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter gaaf .   fe / phe     ~  f / ph  U+0641  Only used in loanwords. Can be replaced with digraph letter phe .   ve       v  U+06A6  Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use  instead of .   qaaf / kaaf     ~  q / k  U+0642  Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter kaaf .   kaaf       k  U+0643     gaaf       g  U+06AF     ngaaf / gaaf gunna        ng  U+06B1 Unique letter for Kohistani Shina language.   laam       l  U+0644    miim       m  U+0645     nuun       n  U+0646     nuuṇ       ṇ  U+0768     nū̃ / nūn gunna        ◌̃  For middle of word:U+0646plusU+0658For end of word:U+06BA    waaw   - -  /   w / ō  U+0648    The letter waaw can either represent consonant ([w/v]) or vowel ([oo]). It can also act as a carrier of vowel diacritics, representing several other vowels. At the beginning of a word, when representing a consonant, the letter waaw will appear as a standalone character, followed by the appropriate vowel. If representing a vowel at the beginning of a word, the letter waaw needs to be preceded by an aliv . When the letter waaw comes at the end of the word representing a consonant sound [w], a hamza is used  to label it as such and avoid mispronunciation as a vowel.   hai       h  U+0646  This letter differs from do-ac̣hi'ii hay (ھ) and they are not interchangeable. Similar to Urdu,do-chashmi hē (ھ) is exclusively used as a second part of digraphs for representing aspirated consonants. In initial and medial position, the letter hē always represents the consonant [h]. In final position, The letter hē can either represent consonant ([h]) or it can demonstrate that the word ends with short vowels a , i , u .   hamza   - - - , silent  ’  U+0621  Used mid-word to indicate separation between a syllable and another that starts with a vowel. hamza on top of letters waaw and ye at end of a word serves a function too. When the letter waaw or ye come at the end of the word representing a consonant sound [w] or [y], a hamza is used  to label it as such and avoid mispronunciation as a vowel.   ye / leekhii ye      /  /    y / e / i  U+06CC  The letter ye can either represent consonant ([j]) or vowels ([e]/[i]). It can also act as a carrier of vowel diacritics, representing several other vowels. At the beginning of a word, when representing a consonant, the letter ye will appear as a standalone character, followed by the appropriate vowel. If representing a vowel at the beginning of a word, the letter ye needs to be preceded by an aliv . When the letter ye comes at the end of the word representing a consonant sound [j], a hamza is used  to label it as such and avoid mispronunciation as a vowel. When representing a vowel at the end of a word, it can only be [i]. For vowel [e], the letter buṛi ye  is used.   buṛi ye    - -  /   e / y  U+06D2 The letter buṛi ye only occurs in final position. The letter buṛi ye represents the vowel "ē" [eː] or the consonant "y" [j].    bhe       bh  U+0628andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   phe       ph  U+067EandU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   the       th  U+062AandU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   ṭhe       ṭh  U+0679andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   ǰhom       ǰh  U+062C andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   čhe       čh  U+0686andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   tshe       tsh  U+0685andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   c̣he       c̣h  U+0687andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   dhe       dh  U+062FandU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   ḍhe       ḍh  U+0688andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   rhe       rh  U+0631andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   zhe       zh  U+0632andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   ẓhe       ẓh  U+0699andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   khe       kh  U+0643andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   ghe       gh  U+06AFandU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   lhe       lh  U+0644andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   mhe       mh  U+0645andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.   nhe       nh  U+0646andU+06BE  A digraph, counted as a letter.

 Vokal 
 Vokal di pangkal kata a  e  i  o  u      Vokal di tongah kata       Vokal di uncuk kata     

 Vokal di pangkal kata  aa  ee  ii  oo  uu      Vokal di tongah kata       Vokal di uncuk kata      

 Vokal di pangkal kata  aá  eé  ií  oó  uú      Vokal di tongah kata       Vokal di uncuk kata      

 Vokal di pangkal kata  áa  ée  íi  óo  úu      Vokal di tongah kata       Vokal di uncuk kata      

Rujukan

Kaban:Basa