Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ilul ass n 27 ɣuct 1770 di Stuttgart, yemmut 14 wamber 1831 di Berlin di Lalman, d afelsuf almani.

 Tudert n Hegel 
vignette|Tugna n Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ilul-d deg Stuttgart deg tmurt n Lalman ass n 27 ɣuct 1770. Baba-s yella d unmazul deg unabaḍ, ma d yemma-s tekka-d seg twacult taɣerfant. Mi yella d ameẓyan, Hegel yeɣra deg tesnawit n Stuttgart, syin akkin yuɣal ɣer tesdawit n Tübingen anida i yeɣra tasnakuct d tfelsafit seg 1788 ar 1793. Din i d-yemmuger imdukkal-is imeqqranen am Schelling d Hölderlin.

Deg tallit-nni, tamurt n Lalman tella deg yiwet n tallit n tbeddilt tameqqrant. Tagrawla tafransist d tikta-s n tlelli d tamsawit sεant azal ameqqran ɣef tidmi n Hegel. Yeɣra isemliyen n Rousseau, Kant d Fichte, maca yebda yettaf-d abrid-is amaynut deg tfelsafit.

Syin akkin, Hegel yexdem d aselmad uslig deg Jena seg 1801 ar 1806, anida i d-yura adlis-is amenzu ameqqran "Phänomenologie des Geistes" (Tasnimant n uziɣer). Adlis-a d yiwen seg wid yesεan azal ameqqran deg umezruy n tfelsafit taɣerflant.

 Tafelsafit tadiyaliktit n Hegel 
Tamiḍrant talemmast deg tfelsafit n Hegel d tadiyaliktit. Tadiyaliktit d tarrayt n tidmi i d-yettawin tikta ɣer sdat s webrid n umgired d ufran. Akken ad nfehem aya, ilaq ad d-nebder kraḍ n imenzayen:

Tazwara - Tidet (These): D tikti tamezwarut neɣ addad amezwaru.

Tis snat - Tankarit (Antithese): D tikti i d-yemgaraden neɣ i d-yugin tikti tamezwarut.

Tis kraḍt - Tasemlilit (Synthese): D afran amaynut i d-yesduklen snat n tikta-nni yemgaraden, yerna d-yesnulfuy addad unnig.

Amedya allaɣ: Ma nwala tudert n umdan, ad naf deg-s tidmi (tazwara), syin ad d-yas umgired gar tidmi d tilawt tangawant (tis snat), ma d tasemlilt ad d-tili s tfelsafit neɣ s tmusni i d-yesduklen tidmi d tilawt (tis kraḍt).

 Aziɣer amagdez 
Yiwen seg yiswiren imeqqranen n tfelsafit n Hegel d "Aziɣer amagdez" (Absolute Spirit). Aziɣer-a yettεedday s kraḍ n tezrawin:

Tazrawt tamezwarut - Taẓuri: Deg-s aziɣer yettban-d s talɣa tangawant, am ccna, taklut d tẓuri n wexxam.

Tazrawt tis snat - Ddin: Da aziɣer yettili-d deg tirmit tudmawant n umdan s Rebbi. Maca mazal yella umgired gar umdan d Rebbi.

Tazrawt tis kraḍt - Tafelsafit: Da i d-tewweḍ tmusni ɣer unnig-is, anida aziɣer yettwaεqal s umaynut. Tfelsafit d taggara n yiswi n uziɣer amagdez.

 amezruy 
Deg tfelsafit n Hegel, amezruy ur yelli d tiririt kan n tidyanin, maca d asfek n uziɣer amagdez. Amezruy yesεa iswi d unamek-is. Hegel yenna-d dakken "kulec yellan d illugan d ameɣrawan, kulec i d-ameɣrawan d illugan". S wakka, yebɣa ad d-yini dakken tilawt ur tezmir ara ad tili beṛṛa n tidmi, yerna tidmi ur tezmir ara ad teddu beṛṛa n tilawt.

Awanek* neɣ Adabu (l'État) deg tfelsafit n Hegel d addad unnig n tugdut d tfulmant tudmawant. D nettat i d-taɣbalut n tlelli tamirant - mačči d tlelli n umdan mgal adabu, maca d tlelli s udabu d deg-s.

Hegel yettwali amezruy mačči d ayen yellan d agacuran. Yettwali-t d anagraw  yesɛan anamek. Assaɣen n umezruy d tinurza n yiwen n uɣawas ameɣẓan  i d-yettawin ɣer tlelli. Isaḍen n umezruy, am Napoleon, ɣas akken ttbanen-d amzun xeddmen ayen bɣan, di tidet, d ifecka kan deg ufus n umezruy i wakken ad selkmen lḥekm-nnsen.

*:Awanak n Hegel d asbeyyen n ameɣẓan, ɣer Hekel, awanek mačči kan d tuddsa tasertant, maca d asbeyyen n ameɣẓan deg umaḍal.

 Tazrirt n Hegel 
Tfelsafit n Hegel tesεa tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef ifelsafiyen i d-yusan deffir-s. Karl Marx yebeddel tadiyaliktit n Hegel seg umaḍal n tikta ɣer umaḍal angaw, yesnulfa-d tazdukla tasnimant. Existentialistes am Kierkegaard d Sartre nnuɣen mgal anagraw n Hegel maca mazal ttqadaren tarrayt-is tadiyaliktit.

Deg taggara n tudert-is, Hegel yuɣal d afelsafi amenzu n tesdawit n Berlin anida i d-yesnulfa aɣerbaz ameqqran n tfelsafit. Yemmut ass n 14 nwember 1831 deg Berlin, yeǧǧa-d deffir-s taɣerma tafelsafit tameqqrant i mazal tesεa azal ar ass-a deg tmusniwin timaynutin am tasnimant, tasertit d umezruy.

Tfelsafit n Hegel d tazamugt tameqqrant deg umezruy n tidmi taɣerflant. S webrid-is n tadiyaliktit d waziɣer amagdez, yesnulfa-d tarrayt tamaynut n ufhem n tilawt, amezruy d umdan. Tikta-s εeddan nnig n tallit-is, ttwaɣrant ar tura deg tmusniwin timaynutin yemgaraden.