Nikkolo Makiavelli

Nikkolo di Bernardo di Makiavelli (s taṭalyanit : Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli), illul ass n 3 mayyu 1469 deg Flurinsa anda yemmut ass n 21 yunyu 1527, d afelsuf ed argaz n tsertit, umaru aṭelyani n Tallit-Tanammast ed umaray n Tagduda n Flurinsa Niccolò Machiavelli, deg britannica.com. Nicolas Machiavel, deg larousse.fr..

 Tudert n Nikkolo Makiavelli 
Nikkolo Makiavelli (Nikulu Makyavili) ilul ass n 3 mayyu 1469 di temdint n Flurinsa di Ṭṭelyan, di lweqt n Tlalit Taleslalit. Yekker-d di twacult ur nesɛi aṭas n yidrimen, maca baba-s yella d anezzarfu, ayen i s-yefkan tallelt ad iɣer u ad yelmed.

Deg useggas n 1498, mi yesɛa 29 iseggasen di leɛmer-is, yuɣal d anawar ameqran wis sin n Tegduda n Flurinsa, rran-t d amaray n tkansilirit tis snat, syin yghal d amaray n "Dieci di Liberta e Pace". Ddaɣen, yexdem d agensas yerna yewwi-d tuɣḍaḍin ɣer tmura n umezruy am Fṛansa d Lalman. Tirmit tameqqrant i d-yewwi seg yisiklen-is d tiẓriwin-is ɣef udabu d yergazen isertanen n lweqt-nni, am Cesare Borgia, i ɣef iwala amedya n uselway aneẓmar.

Maca, deg useggas n 1512, teɣli Tegduda n Flurinsa, uɣalen-d imeqranen n twacult n Medici ɣer udabu. Makiavelli yettwakkes seg wemkan-is, yettwaḥbes, yerna yettwaɛetteb. Mi d-yeffeɣ si lḥebs, yettwanfa ɣer yiwet n tferka meẓẓiyen i yellan ɣer tama n Flurinsa. Deg tussaft  d tɣimit-agi i yura adlis-is yettwassnen akk, "Ageldun", deg useggas n 1513.

Yemmut ass n 21 yunyu 1527 di Flurinsa, mebla ma iwala adlis-is yettwazreg.

 Tiẓriwin d Tfelsafit-is Tummidt 
Tidmi n Makiavelli, ladɣa deg "Ageldun", tessebded-d amenzay  amaynut deg umezruy n tsertit. Tezzi ɣef wamek ara d-yesbedd uselway adabu-ines wamek ara t-iḥrez, war ma iwala aṭas ɣer yiswan n ddin neɣ n teɣdemt  taklasikit.

 Tasertit d Tilawtism: 
Machiavelli yugi ad yettmeslay ɣef "tigdudiyin ihhuskiyen" neɣ "timnekdiyin teneblalin ," akken xeddmen ifelsafiyen n zik. Neṭṭa iwala ɣer ddunit akken tella, mačči akken nebɣa ad tili. Imenzay -ines ameqran d akken medden, s yiman-nsen, d imcumen, d ixeddaɛen, yerna ttabaɛen kan tenfatin -nsen tudmawanin. Ihi, ageldun ilaq ad yissin amek ara iselkem s wegdud amagi.

 "Iswi yessefk ad yessemneɛ iferdisen": 
D wagi i d afakul  yettwassnen aṭas di tmuɣli n Machiavelli. Ɣur-s, iswi ameqran n ugeldun d asten ɣef tmurt-is d usegdel n umihi. I wakken ad yaweḍ ɣer yeswi-ya, ageldun yezmer ad isexdem ttawilat ur nelhi ara di tmetti, am tḥila, tikerkas neɣ takriḍt. Ayen yesɛan azal mačči d talɣa n tigawt, maca d asemdu i d-tettawi.

 Tuẓult (Virtù) d Ttrika (Fortuna): 
Machiavelli yefreq ger sin leṣnaf n tedyanin:

 Tuẓult (Virtù): D tiɣawsiwin i icudden ɣer tigawt, am d tazmert, d tissas, d tiḥerci, iseɣ, d uweqqam n ugeldun. D tigawt n umdan i yezemren ad ibeddel addad.
 Ttrika (Fortuna): D ayen ur nezmir ara a t-nḥkem, am zzher neɣ d lḥalat n ddunit. Ɣur Machiavelli, Fortuna d nettat i d-iḥekmen ɣef wezgen n tudert-nneɣ, maca azgen-nniḍen, ageldun yesɛan Virtù yezmer a t-iḥkem, am wasif yesseflayen, anezmar  yezmer ad as-yebnu isegnen.

 Aseqdec n Tuggdi d Tḥeqranit: 
Yessefhem-d Machiavelli belli i ugeldun, yelha ad t-agaden medden wala ad t-ḥemmlen. Lḥemmala tezmer ad iṛuḥ, maca tuggdi n uɛaqeb teqqim dima. Maca, yenna-d daɣen belli ageldun ur ilaq ara ad yaweḍ ɣer tḥeqranit iweɛṛen aṭas alamma iḥulfa-as umihi  ameqran, acku ayagi yezmer ad d-yawi anqlab.

 Timẓeri d tidet: 
Yenna-d belli ageldun ilaq ad isɛu talɣa n bnadem yelhan, yesɛan ddin, yettamen, yerna d aɣdem. Maca, di tidett, ur ilaq ara ad yeṭṭef deg-sent ma yella ayagi ad as-d-yawi ugur i udabu -ines. Ayen yesɛan azal d amek i t-ttwalin medden, mačči d amek yella di tidett.

 Lwert d Tazrirt -is 
Idlisen n Machiavelli, ladɣa "Ageldun", ssexlaḍen-d tamkerra  di lweqt-is yerna mazal-iten ttmeslayen fell-asen ar ass-a.

 Tazrirt tasertit: Yettwaḥsab d baba-s n tsertit tatrart d tmusni n udabu. Aṭas n yigeldunen d yimseddaren n tsertit i yeɣran idlisen-is i wakken ad fehmen amek ara d-afen adabu  neɣ amek ara t-ḥarben.
 "Tamakyavilit" (Machiavélisme): Awal-agi yuɣal yeqqar-it-id yiwen ɣef win isseqdacen tiḥila, tḥerci d tḥeqranit i wakken ad yaweḍ ɣer yiswi-s, war ma yexmem i yimenzayen  n tmetti.
 Azɣan amiran: Ar ass-a, imusnawen mazal ttemyexṣamen ɣef Machiavelli. Kra qqarren belli d amselmad n tḥeqranit, wayeḍ qqarren d ameɣẓan  i d-yesfehmen kan amek teddu tsertit di tidett, war ma yeffeṛ kra.

 Tagrayt 
Niccolò Machiavelli mačči kan d amaru. D anagi n lweqt-is i d-yefkan yiwet n tezrawt tameẓla ɣef udabu , tazmert, d wagama  amdan. Yessebɛed tasertit ɣef tmuɣliyin n ddin d timlilɣi , yerra-tt d tussna yesɛan ilugan -is iman-is, iswi-ines d aḥareb ɣef tmurt s yal ttawil yellan. Tazrirt -is mazal-itt teqqim ar ass-a deg wannar n tsertit d tfilusufit.

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