Ṭariqa tareḥmanit

Ṭariqa Tareḥmanit ( s tfinaɣ ⵜⴰⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, s taɛrabt : الرحمانية ) d tariqa tineslemt taṣufit, id-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1774 sɣur Mhemmeḍ U Ɛebderreḥman (s taɛrabt: محمد بن عبد رحمان ) iwumi qqaren daɣen Bu Qebrin, di tmurt n Leqbayel teffeɣ-d seg tariqa taxalwatit. Tareḥmanit tesɛa imḍefren itt-yeṭṭafaren si tlalit-is armi d lqern wis 20, tilisa-ines ruḥent si Tunes armi d Lmerruk. Teqqim treḥmanit tcudd ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel ideg d-kker ladɣa deg nnfaq n 1871, i xedmen yiwudam imeqqranen seg-s akka am Ccix Amezyan Lḥeddad. Deg 1950 d nettat akk di ṭṭariqa tameqqrant yesɛan azal ameqqran deg lezzayer, swazal n 230 000 n yimḍeffren, macas ṭul tasut tis snat n tmerwin thudd teddukli-ines.

 Amezruy 

 Bab-is Ccix Mḥemmed Buqebrin (1715-1793) 

 Ulmud-is deg tmura n Umecriq d tuɣaltin ɣer Lezzayer 
gauche|vignette|Taseddawit n Azrhar i lecyux inselmen di Maṣer
Mḥemmed U Ɛebderreḥman, ilul ndeg useggas n 1715 deg udrum n Wat Smaɛil deg tmurt n Leqbayel, yebda ulmud deg zawiya taqranit n temnnaḍt-nni-nsen ideg d-yelmed kra n tussna deg tutlayt akked usɣan, yella d anelmad aḥercan bedren-as-d kra ad yerzu ɣer Umecreq akken ad yelmed dinna, ladɣa imi imiren tamurt n Leqbayel llan ǧehden wassaɣen-is d tmura tiɛrabin d tinselmin. Yerza ɣer Umecriq iḥuǧǧ-d di Mekka (1739-1740) syinna iɛedda ɣzer Maṣer iwakken ad yelmed deg tseddawit n azhar. Yeɣra ɣer umusnaw axalwati ameqrran Mḥemmed lḥefnawi, mi d-yuweḍ wakud ad yuɣal ɣer tmurt-is iwṣṣa-t ccix-is ad yawi timsirin tixalwatiyin ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel, yuɣal ɣer tmurt iɣef iɣab kraḍ n tmerwin iseggasen yebda yettawi-d timsirin tiṣufiyin i yuɣalen jebdent-d tayri n yal amusnaw deg temdinin timeqqranin n Lezzayer, Qsenṭina d Bgayet .

 Abeddi mgal tareḥmanit d tmacahut n sin n yiẓekwa 
vignette|Timezgida n Sidi Mḥemmed Bu Qebrin di Lezzayer tamanaɣt
Timɣer n ṭariqa tareḥmanit tuwi-d abdad n kra n yimussnawen mgal-is, mi akken yerza ɣer Lezzayer tamanaɣt deg 1790 iwakken ad ikemmel leqdic-is deg usewseɛ n umdiq n txalwatit , ineggura-a ftan belli yeffeɣ i ubrid i yweqmen. Leftawi-agi uwḍen-t s ṭaqa ɣer yinembaḍen iterkiyen n temnaḍt n Lezzayer tamanaɣt, tasertit-nsen tettarra yal ṭariqa ur nelli s ddaw n leḥkem-nsen d taɛdawt. Maca tella ṭariqa tesɛa assaɣen yelhan deg tmurt n Leqbayel tilellit armi tuli ɣef uqerru-ines, amgarad-agi deg wasɣanen yerra sin n leḍruf ad heyyin iman-nsen i yal imenɣi i yzemren ad ikker deg ya akud gar tmurt n Lebayel d yinembaḍen n tmanaɣt ladɣa imi tamurt n Leqbayeltezga teddaxxal iman-is lǧiha n Mḥemmed U Ɛebderreḥman.

Lmut n uneggaru-agi tewwi-d asebtar amaynut deg umennuɣ n wajjed d tsertit-agi. Mi slan i lmut n Mḥemmed U Ɛebderreḥman deg 1973 di Ǧerǧer, inembaḍen iterkiyen yuweḍ iten-id lexbar belli aṭas n yimdanen i yerzan ɣer wammas n tmurt n Leqbayel iwakken ad ḥḍren i lǧanaza-s, ugaden ad yekker ad yeqqre nnfaq si temnadt ur nelli ara akken ilaq lḥal s ddaw n leḥkem-nsen. Ḍelben-d i yimḍefren n ṭariqa yettidiren di LLezzayer tmanaɣt ad d-awin tafekka-s iwakken ad temḍel deg tmanaɣt, nutni iswi-nsen ad sḥebsen zzyarat n lmumnin s ṭariqat ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel ad zzin akk ɣerr tmurea yella s ddaw n ufus aɛetmani. Ihi kra seg yimḍeffren ssaxwlen ad temḍel tfekka ɣur-sen d ayen id-isenkreen ccwal gar yimḍeffren iqbayliyen d yiberraniyen, mebla ma neẓra amek tefra taluft ufan-d tafekka n Mḥemmed tuɣal d snat yiwet temḍel deg tmanaɣt tayeḍ deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, d ayen i as-yefkan aɣara n M'ḥemmed Bu Qebrin (Mḥemmed Bu sin yiẓekwan ) dɣa ar assa Mḥemmed U Ɛebderreḥman Bu Qebrin d yowen seg yiṣellaḥen n Lezzayer tamanaɣt.

 Ṭariqa berra n tmurt n Lebayel 
n uɣella-ines ur yeḥbis ara timɣer n ṭariqa tareḥmanit i yuɣalen d Ṭariqa yesɛan amdεan ameqqran akk n yimḍeffren deg Lezzayer, s lexlaf n ṭariqat i tt-id yezwaren (taqadirit, tacadlit, taɛemmarit, taɛisawit, tatiǧanit( tareḥmlanit kan i yeslḥqen ad teṭṭef di tmurt n Leqbayel imi ṭariqat-nniḍen ur d-ufint araaṭas n yimḍeffren dinna. TTerna tessewseɛ kter deg tama tacerqit armi tuwed ɣer Tunes. Ɣer tɣerbit mi tuweḍ ɣer Lmerruk, ɣer unẓul deg uneẓruf azzayri.
Ṭariqa tenḥef cwiya ladɣa imi tebḍa ɣef yiman-is. D amerruki Ɛisa lmeɣribi i yuɣalen deg wadeg n M'ḥemmed ardekal lmut-is, ṭariqa tareḥmanit ur tettxtiri ara aɣella-ines s lebni n yiẓuran-is neɣ n udrum-is, tella tebna ɣef zzawaya d leqdic ɣef leqran d annecta i ttirefden armi d uḥricwis sin n tasut tis snat n tmerwin.

Ṭariqa tessen kra n tallitin degf tasut tis mraw d ṭẓa ideg teqqen ɣer wammas neɣ tettwafsi seg-s, am yal ass tekka-d y)ef uẓar aqbayli n ṭariqa. Tekker tezɣent gar 1837 d 1842 imi ugin kra n lɛulama ad yili yiwen n ccix mačči d aqbayli d aqerru fella-sen ardekal Ccix Ɛisa. Tazɣent-agi tuwi-as-d i tariqa tareḥmanit aseǧhed n tnekda-ines taqbaylit, d uxsay n later-is di tmurt n Leqbayel , ladɣa imi zawiya tayemmat i yebna Mḥemmed U Ɛebderreḥman teffeɣ s yiman-is i ṭariqa.

Anekcum n fransa deg 1830 yuwi-d later d ameqqran ɣef ṭariqa imi nutni ḥebsen adabu aqdim d akk ayen yellan zik uqbel-nsern, ḥebsen axeddim s yiderman beddlken s win n yiɣaraten atraren yellan ɣer dewla, rnu-as asuneɣ n tlisa d uḥbas n lecyux i yellan ttnadin ɣef ubrid i usewseɛ n wid i ten-yeṭṭafaren di yal taddart taqbaylit. Rnu-as tasertit n ucengu afransis deg tmurt n Leqbayel s uɣlaq n leǧwameɛ d uhuddu n zawaya akked userɣi n yidlisen n Leqran d timenɣiwt n waṭas n yimussnawen d yimḍefren n ṭariqat akken ma llan ladɣa ardekal n tegrawla n ugeldun Ɛebdelqader azzayri.  Ɣef way-a ssenkrent ṭariqat ladɣa tareḥmanit tigrawliwin mgal Fransa ladɣa di tmurt n Leqbayel.

 Tagrawla n Lmeqrani 
vignette|Ccix Ameẓyan Aḥeddad
gauche|vignette|Ccix Lmeqrani
Mi yessenker Lḥaǧ Ɛmer nnafq mgal unekcum n Fransa ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel deg tazzwara n yiseggasen n 1830 tufa*-d tmetti taqbaylit ytekcem deg umannuɣ imi Lḥqaj Ɛmer yella d ayella ɣef ṭariqa gar yiseggasen n 1843 d 1857 ihi ṭariqa akk tekker-d mgal dɣa iqbayliyen i ycudden ɣur-s kkren akk mgal Fransa, mi kecmen yirumyen beddlen akk amek tettili tmetti, yettwanfa ccix ḥaǧ Ɛmer ɣer Tunes, tufa-d ṭariqa belli tuɣal ɣer lǧiha n Ṣedduq deg Bgayet.

Zawiya n Ṣedduq i yesɛan Ccix Amezyan aheddad ɣef uqerru-s d mmi-s Ɛaziz aheddad tella tbedd-d si tazzwara mgal Fransa .Ccix si tazzwara n 1860 yella d wadem ameqqrtan n usɣan id-yeǧǧan later d ameqqran deg ṭariqa yelḥeq armi yesdukkel akk iderman n tmurt taqbaylit, xas akka llant kra n zzwayit tireḥmaniyin umi lecyax-nsen llan ur ttxemmimen ara akka am Ccix aḥeddad .Ccix Ɛli Crif n zawiya n Yicellaḍen ur d ibedd ara mgal Fransa yesenker nfaq n wawal mgal zawiya n Ṣedduq, ccix Muḥend U Lḥusin d yiwen n uwadem yettwassnen aṭas s leqdic-is d yisefra-ines yella ibedd-d mgal Fransa yesteɛref s Ccix Aḥeddad mca ur yessawel ara i yimenɣi imi ur ɛdilent ara zawaya akked Fransa yesɛan yal amynut deg Leslaḥ.
Deg 1870, tamurt n Leqabyel tella seg 1830 tettnaɣ mgal Fransa tufa-d iman-is tefreq gar wid yessawalen i nnfaq d wid i t-yugaden, maca ardekal n ɣelmluy n Fransa deg umennuɣ n Lalaman akked lqanun n Krimyu fkan-as i zawiya afud iw akken ad tt-fareṣ tagnit ad tesseɣḍel Fransa. Deg 1871, yekker umennuɣ n Ccix Lmeqrani, yiwen n ccix yesɛan lmater-ines d ameqqarn deg Bgayet. Ccix Amezyan yeḥḍer i leqdic-ines amenzu di meɣres, mi yellken belli zemmren i ulmennuɣ yessawel i tuffɣa ɣer nnfaq i iqeddsen deg 08 yebrir 1871. Assaɣ ameqqran gar ṭariqa tareḥmanit d ugdud yuwi-d tanekra n 150 000 n yirgazen iqbayliyen. 

Maca xeṣren nnfaq, uwin ccix aḥeddad ɣer usekraf imiren yella yesɛa 81 n yiseggasen deg yila-s, ma d sin n warraw-is ttwanfan ɣer Kalidunya tamaynut, seg wass nni tebda treḥmanit tettaɣ-itent, ɣelqent zawaya, uwin imqeddmen-nsen s asekraf neɣ ttwanɣan neɣ ttwanfan, ula d lxiṛ yellan gar yifassen-nsen teddem-it Fransa neɣ tefka-t i wiyaḍ, seg wass-nni tebḍa ṭariqa ɣef yiman-is leɛmer i teddukel neɣ tuɣal akken tella zik.

 Ardekal 1871