Saldae

vignette|"Cippus" n Rruman (aɛekkaz ay d-yettwasbedden i lmend n yiswan am tmeẓdit neɣ aẓru n tlisa) d tfelwiyin yettwajerden i Nonius Datus .
Saldae tella d tamdint n usagen yesɛan azal "Siti archeologici africani: Saldae". www.cassiciaco.it (in Italian). Yettwaṭṭef deg 2018-01-29.. deg Tgelda Taṛumit taqburt, tezga-d deg Bgayet n wass-a (deg tmurt n Leqbayel, deg usammar n Lezzayer). Tella s umata d amsebrid gar yiḥricen n usammar d umalu n Tefriqt n Ugafa, seg tallit n Qerṭaj alamma d taggara n Tgelda n Tabizantit seg umenẓaw.

 Amezruy 
Saldae zedɣen-tt tikkelt tamezwarut Imaziɣen n Numidya. Asagen ameẓyan deg tallit n Qerṭaj, yerna deg tallit n Ṛruman tamezwarut, d tamdint n tlisa gar Ruma d Tgelda n Yuba I, tezga-d deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n tgeldiwin n Imaziɣen tiqburin.

 Tallit n Ṛuman 
Tella-d sɣur Ṛuman s yisem n Civitas Salditana, deg tallit n ugellid n Ṛuman Octavianus Augustus.Yettwabder-d deg wedlis n Plinius Ameqran, Gaius Plinius Secundus, (umi semman Naturalis Historia Plinius Ameqran (Gaius Plinius Secundus) : Natural History (S teglizit). Tasekla n Princeton n Yimukan Iqburen (The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites) tenna-d:

Tallit n Ṛuman teǧǧa-d ugar n tɣawsiwin i d-yeqqimen. Iḥezziben n Rrum ttbanen-d deg waṭas n yimukan.... Seg lebni ay yettwaḥerzen, ay yessewhamen ladɣa d ayen ay d-yeqqimen seg yiwen n ufakan aṛumi i yellan ddaw n teklizt, yettwabna deg umkan n yiwet n tmesgida n zik. Ufakan-nni yella war ccek qrib ɣer tama n lforum (s umata, di Ruma taqburt, d amkan yeldin deg tlemmast n temdint i yesɛan rebεa n yiẓuran), yerna amkan-is i d-sbeggnen lsisan n isebdaden. Deg temnaḍt-nni ay d-yezzin fell-as, i d-teffeɣ yiwet n tceqquft (Tugna i d-yettwaxedmen seg yiẓuran imeẓyanen n uẓru yesɛan ini) tameqqrant (aḥric seg-s yella deg teklizt). Ixxamen iɣermanenn ucucef llan deg umkan anda yella Sbiṭar Aɣerman. Ufan-d dinna sin n iceqqufen i yecban i tceqquft tamezwarut-nni; d wid i d-yeskanen iqeṛṛay n Illu n lebḥeṛ, Oceanus, d rruḥat n tilawin n waman n yilel deg yidis-is. Yiwen deg Aẓawan n Lezzayer tamanaɣt, wayeḍ deg deg uxxam n tɣiwant n Bgayet.
vignette|Sqef n ugelmim n Rruman deg uḍar n aqadus n waman n Tuǧa.
Axxamen aɣerman n ucucef wis tlata yella-d ɣer tama n uɣerbaz. Mazal ttbanen-d (s tidet, mazal ttwasseqdacen) tinuṭfa d igelmimen deg waṭas n imukan deg deg yiḥricen n tlemmast n temdint. Ttwasseččayen-d s waman seg aqadus n Tuǧa, i d-yettawin aman seg tefsutin i d-yezgan 21 km ɣer umalu.... Ɣer umalu n tlemmast n temdint, yella yiwen n wemkan i d-yettwaḥesben d amkan anda yella ahat asmel n yiwen n ssirk, d yiwen n usedbir. Ulac ayen i d-yeqqimen seg zik i d- ara d-yefruyen tamsalt-a. Yiwet n tsekla kan (CIL, VIII, 8938) tettmeslay-d ɣef "ludi circenses" (Uraren n ssirk Aṛumi). Aṭas n tisreɣta (d asefru n tẓuri i d-yettwaxedmen s uẓeṭṭa neɣ s usnulfu n weẓru, n wesɣar, n yiɣil, neɣ n tɣawsiwin nniḍen) n Ṛuman i d-ufan deg temnaḍt n temdint-a, kra i yettwagezmen deg uẓru, kra i d-ufan di lqaεa, wiyaḍ d iẓekwan. Yella yiwen n aẓekka seg dinna deg Louvre. Drus n tisreɣta i d-yekkan seg Saldae s timmad-is, s umata kra n  tigejdatin (Iḥricen n ufella n tigejdatin kan) imeqranen d iẓuran (d iblaḍen n weẓru  i d-yettwabnan deg umaḍal i sɛan ama aḍris, ama aẓawan, neɣ snat-nni.) i d-yettunefken i Saturnus (Illu n Ṛruman n wakud, n tsuta, n usfeḍ, n lxir, n wayla, n tfellaḥt, n usnefli n tallit d uslelli).M. Leglay, "Saldae (Bejaia or Bougie) Algeria" in Richard Stillwell et alii (editors), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (Princeton University Press, 1976)

Tamdint n Saldae terna ttimɣur s waṭas n lebniyen imaynuten, dɣa agellid Vespasianus yerra-d deg-s aṭas nimeɣnasen iṛumyen, s wakka i d-yernay-d imezdaɣ-is d wazal-is deg temnaḍt n Mauretania Caesariensis, yerna asmi i tebḍa taneggarut-a, teqqim Saldae s wazal-is deg temnaḍt tamaynut n Mauretania Sitifensis .

Saldae tella ddaw ius (lqanun) n Ṛuman, yerna imezdaɣ-is llan sɛan izerfan iɣermanen s lekmal-nsen. Saldae tella d amkan n Mauretania Caesariensis i d-yellan s lekmal-nnes d taṛumanit, yerna deg tagara n lqern wis kraḍ, tella daɣen s lekmal-nnes tamasiḥit.

Deg lqern wis 3 sdeffir talalit n Lmasiḥ, Gaius Cornelius Peregrinus, d decurion (aselway n taddart) n Saldae, d tribunus (aselway n lɛesker, d amḍebber deg uḥric n tdukli) deg Alauna Carvetiorum, deg ugafa n Briṭanya. Asfel i d-yefka, yettwaf qbel n 1587 deg ugafa-ataram n tɣiwant, anda ahat yella yettwaseqdac-d deg yiwen n lebni n tallit tameggarut n Ṛuma.
vignette|lqus atrar n Ṛuman 

 Tallit n Yivandalen, n Ibiẓanṭiyen d tallit tamaynut 
Deg lqern wis 5, Saldae tuɣal d tamaneɣt n Tgelda n Vandal n Yivandalen (Ijermaniyen) i yeṭṭfen azal n lqern alamma d 533 imi seɣlin-tt Ibiẓanṭiyen, i d-yesbedden taɣiwant n Tefriqt, sakkin, Tamnaḍt tabizantit n Qerṭaj.

Deffir ma ttwaḍḍfen Yiɛṛaben deg lqern wis 7, Saldae teɣli-d, tneqs deg wazal-nnes yerna s tɣawla, teεreq-d, ur d-tban ara di taggara n alef iseggasen imezwura deffir Lmasih.

Deg lqern wis 11, tettwasbedd s yisem n Bgayet (v.) sɣur tawsit tamaziɣt n Iḥemmadiyen, i tt-yerran d tamaneɣt-nsen, dɣa tuɣal d taṛwiḥt-is; tuɣal d tamdint tameṛkantit s yiwen asagen i yesɛan azal d wammas n yedles ameqran deg Yilel Agrakal.

 Amezruy-is deg tmasiḥit 
S ussemɣer n tmasiḥit, Saldae tuɣal d tɣiwant tmasiḥit. Amdebbeṛ-is Paschasius yella d d yiwen seg wid i d-yessawel ugellid Arian Vandal Huneric ɣer Useqqamu n Qerṭaj (484) dɣa yenfa-ten.

Tamasiḥit teqqim tedder seg ussehres n Waɛraben, seg wasmi ay tenger temdint taqburt n Saldae, yerna tettwasbedd temdint tamaynut n Bgayet. Tella-d yiwet n tebrat n Papa Grigori VII (1073–1085), ay d-yura i clero et populo Buzee (aselmad  d wegdud n Bgayet), deg-s i yura ɣef ussekcem n yiwen n umdebbeṛ umi semman Servandus i Tefriqt n Ugafa tamasiḥit.Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, p. 269H. Jaubert, Anciens évêchés et ruines chrétiennes de la Numidie et de la Sitifienne, in Recueil des Notices et Mémoires de la Société archéologique de Constantine, vol. 46, 1913, pp. 127-129Mesnage, L'Afrique chrétienne, Paris 1912, pp. 8 e 268-269

Saldae ur teqqim ara d tasdawit, assa tettwaḥsab sɣur Teklizt Takatulikit am temnaḍt tamasiḥit ur nxeddem ara.Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 963

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