მიკორიზული

მიკორიზა (ძველი ბერძნული μύκης* (múkēs)* 'სოკო' და ῥίζα* (rhíza)* 'ფესვი'; მრ. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza, ან mycorrhizas)i.  — სიმბიოზური ასოციაცია სოკოსა და მცენარეს შორის. ტერმინი მიკორიზა გულისხმობს სოკოს როლს მცენარის რიზოსფეროში, მცენარის ფესვთა სისტემაში და მის გარემოში. მიკორიზები თამაშობენ მნიშვნელოვან როლს მცენარის კვებაში, ნიადაგის ბიოლოგიასა და ნიადაგის ქიმიაში.
მიკორიზულ ასოციაციაში სოკო კოლონიზებს მასპინძელი მცენარის ფესვთა ქსოვილებს, ან უჯრედშიდა, როგორც არბუსკულარულ მიკორიზულ სოკოებში, ან უჯრედგარეთა, როგორც ექტომიკორიზულ სოკოებში.ასოციაცია ჩვეულებრივ ურთიერთსასარგებლოა. კონკრეტულ სახეობებში, ან კონკრეტულ გარემოებებში, მიკორიზებს შეიძლება ჰქონდეთ პარაზიტული ასოციაცია მასპინძელ მცენარეებთან.

 განმარტება 
მიკორიზა არის სიმბიოზური ასოციაცია მწვანე მცენარესა და სოკოს შორის. მცენარე ქმნის ორგანულ მოლეკულებს ფოტოსინთეზის გზით და აწვდის მათ სოკოს შაქრების ან ლიპიდების სახით, ხოლო სოკო აწვდის მცენარეს წყალსა და მინერალურ საკვებ ნივთიერებებს, როგორიცაა ფოსფორი, რომელიც აღებულია ნიადაგიდან. მიკორიზები განლაგებულია სისხლძარღვოვანი მცენარეების ფესვებში, მაგრამ მიკორიზას მსგავსი ასოციაციები ასევე გვხვდება ბრიოფიტებში  და არსებობს ფოსილური მტკიცებულება, რომ ადრეული სახმელეთო მცენარეები, რომლებსაც არ ჰქონდათ ფესვები, ყალიბდებოდნენ არბუსკულარულ მიკორიზულ ასოციაცია მცენარეთა უმეტესი სახეობა აყალიბებს მიკორიზულ ასოციაციებს, თუმცა ზოგიერთ ოჯახს, როგორიცაა Brassicaceae და Chenopodiaceae, არ შეუძლია. ასოციაციის სხვადასხვა ფორმა დეტალურად არის აღწერილი შემდეგ განყოფილებაში. ყველაზე გავრცელებულია არბუსკულარული ტიპი, რომელიც გვხვდება მცენარეთა სახეობების 70%-ში, მათ შორის მრავალ სასოფლო-სამეურნეო მცენარეში, როგორიცაა მარცვლეული და პარკოსნები.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20130412032458/http://www.gmo-safety.eu/science-live/439.mycorrhizas-successful-symbiosis.html
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