აშშ-ის ეროვნული პარკები

აშშ-ს 58 დაცული რეგიონი — ეროვნული პარკი აქვს, რომელთაც მართავს ეროვნული პარკების სამსახური, აშშ-ის შინაგან საქმეთა დეპარტამენტის სააგენტოს ნაწილი. ეროვნული პარკები იქმნება აშშ-ის კონგრესის აქტით. პირველი ეროვნული პარკი, იელოუსტოუნი, კანონით დაამტკიცა პრეზიდენტმა ულისე გრანტმა 1872 წელს, რომელსაც მოჰყვა სეკვოია და იოზემიტი 1890 წელს. 1916 წელს ორგანული აქტით შეიქმნა ეროვნული პარკების სამსახური ”პანორამის, ბუნებრივი და ისტორიული ობიექტებისა და მათში ცხოველთა სამყაროს შესანარჩუნებლად, და მათთვის იმგვარი პირობების შესქმნელად, რომელიც განაპირობებს მათ ხელუხლებად შენახვას მომავალი თაობების სიამოვნებისთვის." ამ ეროვნული პარკების რესურსების დიდი ნაწილი მანამდეც დაცული იყო, როგორც ეროვნული მონუმენტები პრეზიდენტის ანტიკურობის აქტით, სანამ მათ კონგრესი სტატუსს მიანიჭებდა. შვიდი ეროვნული პარკი დაწყვილებულია ეროვნულ რეზერვთან, რომელთაგან ექვსი ალასკაშია. მათი ადმინისტრირება ერთად ხდება, თუმცა ისინი ცალკე განიხილება. ყველაზე ახალი ეროვნული პარკია დიდი ქვიშიანი დიუნები, დაარსებული 2004 წელს.

ეროვნული პარკი აქვს ოცდაშვიდ შტატს და რამდენიმე ცალკეულ ადმინისტრაციულ ერთეულს, როგორიცაა ამერიკის სამოა და აშშ-ის ვირჯინის კუნძულები. ალასკასა და კალიფორნიას აქვს ყველაზე მეტი (თითოეულს რვა), მათ მოჰყვება იუტა ხუთით და კოლორადო ოთხით. უდიდესი ეროვნული პარკია ვრანგელი - წმინდა ელია (32 000 კმ²), მას მოჰყვება სამი პარკი ალასკაში; ყველაზე მცირეა ჰოტ სპრინგზი (24 კმ²). ეროვნული პარკებით დაცული ტერიტორია მოიცავს დაახლ. 210 000 კმ²-ს. ყველაზე მეტი სტუმარი ჰყავს გრეიტ სმოკი მაუნტინზს, ცხრა მილიონი ტურისტით 2008 წელს, რომელსაც მოჰყვება გრანდ კანიონი, ოთხი მილიონით. თოთხმეტ ეროვნულ პარკს მსოფლიო მემკვიდრეობის სტატუსი აქვს.

 ეროვნული პარკები 

სახელიPhotoმდებარეობაშექმნის თარიღიფართობი,კმ²Descriptionაკადია150pxმენი26 თებერვალი 1919191,8ფარავს რა მაუნტ დესერტ აილენდის ძირითად ნაწილსა და სხვა სანაპირო კუნძულებს, აკადია იცავას ატლანტის სანაპიროს უმაღლეს მთას, გრანიტის პიკებს, ოკეანის სანაპიროებს, ტყეებსა და ტბებს. აქ არის მტკნარი წყლის, შესართავის, ტყისა და მოქცევების habitats.ამერიკის სამოა150pxამერიკის სამოა31 ოქტომბერი 198836,4The southernmost national park is on three Samoan islands and protects coral reefs, rainforests, volcanic mountains, and white beaches. The area is also home to Samoan peoples, flying foxes, brown boobies, sea turtles, and 900 species of fish.თაღები150pxიუტა12 ნოემბერი 1971309,7This site features more than 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the Delicate Arch. In a desert climate millions of years of erosion have led to these structures, and the arid ground has life-sustaining soil crust and potholes, natural water-collecting basins. Other geologic formations are stone columns, spires, fins, and towers.Badlands150pxსამხრეთი დაკოტა10 ნოემბერი 1978982,4The Badlands are a collection of buttes, pinnacles, spires, and grass prairies. It has the world's richest fossil beds from the Oligocene epoch, and there is wildlife including bison, bighorn sheep, black-footed ferrets, and swift foxes.Big Bend150pxტეხასი20 ივნისი 19353242,2Named for the Bend of the Rio Grande along the US–Mexico border, this park includes a part of the Chihuahuan Desert. A wide variety of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils as well as cultural artifacts of Native Americans exist within its borders.ბისკეინი150pxფლორიდა28 ივნისი 1980699,8Located in Biscayne Bay, this park at the north end of the Florida Keys has four interrelated marine ecosystems: mangrove forest, the Bay, the Keys, and coral reefs. Threatened animals include the West Indian Manatee, American crocodile, various sea turtles, and peregrine falcon.Black Canyon of the Gunnison150pxკოლორადო21 ოქტომბერი 1999133,3The park protects a quarter of the Gunnison River, which has dark canyon walls from the Precambrian era. The canyon has very steep descents, and it is a site for river rafting and rock climbing. The narrow, steep canyon, made of gneiss and schist, is often in shadow, appearing black.Bryce Canyon150pxიუტა7 ივნისი 1924145,0Bryce Canyon is a giant natural amphitheatre along the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The unique area has hundreds of tall hoodoos formed by erosion. The region was originally settled by Native Americans and later by Mormon pioneers.Canyonlands150pxიუტა12 სექტემბერი 19641366,2This landscape was eroded into canyons, buttes, and mesas by the Colorado River, Green River, and their tributaries, which divide the park into four districts. There are rock pinnacles and other naturally sculpted rock, as well as artifacts from Ancient Pueblo Peoples.Capitol Reef150pxიუტა18 დეკემბერი 1971979,0The park's Waterpocket Fold is a  monocline that shows the earth's geologic layers. Other natural features are monoliths and sandstone domes and cliffs shaped like the United States Capitol.კარსლბადის მღვიმეები150pxნიუ-მექსიკო14 მაისი 1930189,3Carlsbad Caverns has 117 caves, the longest of which is over  long. The Big Room is almost  long, and the caves are home to over 400,000 Mexican Free-tailed Bats and sixteen other species. Above ground are the Chihuahuan Desert and Rattlesnake Springs.Channel Islands150pxკალიფორნია5 მარტი 19801009,9Five of the eight Channel Islands are protected, and half of the park's area is underwater. The islands have a unique Mediterranean ecosystem. They are home to over 2,000 species of land plants and animals, and 145 are unique to them. The islands were originally settled by the Chumash people.Congaree150pxსამხრეთი კაროლინა10 ნოემბერი 2003107,4On the Congaree River, this park is the largest portion of old-growth floodplain forest left in North America. Some of the trees are the tallest in the Eastern US, and the Boardwalk Loop is an elevated walkway through the swamp.Crater Lake150pxორეგონი22 მაისი 1902741,5Crater Lake lies in the caldera of Mount Mazama formed 7,700 years ago after an eruption. It is the deepest lake in the United States and is known for its blue color and water clarity. There are two islands in the lake, and, with no inlets or outlets, all water comes through precipitation.Cuyahoga Valleyოჰაიო11 ოქტომბერი 2000133,0This park along the Cuyahoga River has waterfalls, hills, trails, and displays about early rural living. The Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail follows the Ohio and Erie Canal, where mules towed canal boats. The park has numerous historic homes, bridges, and structures.Death Valley150pxკალიფორნია, ნევადა31 ოქტომბერი 199413 647,6Death Valley is the hottest, lowest, and driest place in the United States. There are canyons, colorful badlands, sand dunes, mountains, and over 1000 species of plants in this graben on a fault line. Further geologic points of interest are salt flats, springs, and buttes.Denali150pxალასკა26 თებერვალი 191719 185,8Centered around the Mount McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America, Denali is serviced by a single road leading to Wonder Lake. McKinley and other peaks of the Alaska Range are covered with long glaciers and boreal forest. Wildlife includes grizzly bears, Dall sheep, caribou, and gray wolves. Dry Tortugas150pxფლორიდა26 ოქტომბერი 1992261,8The Dry Tortugas on the west end of the Florida Keys are the site of Fort Jefferson, the largest masonry structure in the Western Hemisphere. With most of the park being water, it is the home of coral reefs and shipwrecks and is only accessible by plane or boat.ევერგლეიდი150pxფლორიდა30 მაისი 19346104,8The Everglades are the largest subtropical wilderness in the United States. This mangrove ecosystem and marine estuary is home to 36 protected species, including the Florida panther, American crocodile, and West Indian manatee. Some areas have been drained and developed; restoration projects aim to restore the ecology.Gates of the Arctic150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 198030 448,1This northernmost park protects part of the Brooks Range and has no park facilities. The land is home to Alaska natives, who have relied on the land and caribou for 11,000 years.Glacier150pxმონტანა11 მაისი 19104101,8Part of Waterton Glacier International Peace Park, this park has over 50 remaining glaciers and 130 named lakes under the tall Rocky Mountain peaks. There are historic hotels and a landmark road in this region of rapidly receding glaciers. These mountains, formed by an overthrust, have the world's best sedimentary fossils from the Proterozoic era.გლასიერ-ბეი150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 198013 050,5Glacier Bay has numerous tidewater glaciers, mountains, and fjords. The temperate rainforest and the bay are home to grizzly bears, mountain goats, whales, seals, and eagles. When discovered in 1794 by George Vancouver, the entire bay was covered by ice, but the glaciers have receded over .დიდი კანიონი150pxარიზონა26 დეკემბერი 19194926,7The Grand Canyon, carved out by the Colorado River, is  long, up to 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and up to  wide. Millions of years of exposure has formed colorful layers of the Colorado Plateau in mesas and canyon walls.Grand Teton150pxვაიომინგი26 თებერვალი 19291254,5Grand Teton is the tallest mountain in the Teton Range. The park's Jackson Hole valley and reflective piedmont lakes contrast with the tall mountains, which abruptly rise from the glacial sage-covered valley.Great Basin150pxნევადა27 თებერვალი 1986312,3Based around Wheeler Peak, the Great Basin has 5,000-year-old bristlecone pines, glacial moraines, and the limestone Lehman Caves. It has some of the country's darkest night skies, and there are animal species including Townsend's big-eared bat, Pronghorn, and Bonneville cutthroat trout.Great Sand Dunes150pxკოლორადო13 სექტემბერი 2004173,9The tallest dunes in North America are up to  tall and neighbor grasslands, shrublands and wetlands. They were formed by sand deposits of the Rio Grande on the San Luis Valley. The park also has alpine lakes, six 13,000-foot mountains, and ancient forests.Great Smoky Mountains150pxჩრდილოეთი კაროლინა, ტენესი22 მაისი 19262110,4The Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains, have a wide range of elevations, making them home to over 400 vertebrate species, 100 tree species, and 5000 plant species. Hiking is the park's main attraction, with over  of trails, including  of the Appalachian Trail. Other activities are fishing, horseback riding, and visiting some of nearly 80 historic structures.Guadalupe Mountains150pxტეხასი15 ოქტომბერი 1966349,7This park has Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in Texas, the scenic McKittrick Canyon full of Bigtooth Maples, part of the Chihuahuan Desert, and a fossilized reef from the Permian.Haleakala150pxჰავაი1 აგვისტო 1916117,7The Haleakalā volcano on Maui has a very large crater with many cinder cones, Hosmer's Grove of alien trees, and the native Hawaiian Goose. The Kipahulu section has numerous pools with freshwater fish. This National Park has the greatest number of endangered species.Hawaii Volcanoes150pxჰავაი1 აგვისტო 19161308,9This park on the Big Island protects the Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, two of the world's most active. Diverse ecosystems of the park range from those at sea level to .Hot Springs150pxარკანზასი4 მარტი 192122,5The only National Park in an urban area, this smallest National Park is based around the natural hot springs that have been managed for public use. Bathhouse Row preserves 47 of these with many beneficial minerals.Isle Royale150pxმიჩიგანი3 მარტი 19312314,0The largest island in Lake Superior and one of two parks not accessible by road, this least-visited park is a site of isolation and wilderness. It has many shipwrecks, waterways, and hiking trails. The park also includes over 400 smaller islands and the waters up to  from the island. There are only 20 mammal species and it is known for its wolf and moose relationship.Joshua Tree150pxკალიფორნია31 ოქტომბერი 19943196,0Covering parts of the Colorado and Mojave Deserts and the Little San Bernardino Mountains, this is the home of the Joshua tree. Across great elevation changes are sand dunes, dry lakes, rugged mountains, and granite monoliths.Katmai150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 198014 870,3This park on the Alaska Peninsula protects the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, an ash flow formed by the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, as well as Mount Katmai. Over 2,000 brown bears come here to catch spawning salmon.Kenai Fjords150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 19802711,3Near Seward on the Kenai Peninsula, this park protects the Harding Icefield and at least 38 glaciers and fjords stemming from it. The only area accessible to the public by road is Exit Glacier, while the rest can only be viewed by boat tours.Kings Canyon150pxკალიფორნია4 მარტი 19401869,2Home to several Giant sequoia groves and the General Grant Tree, the world's second largest, this park also has part of the Kings River, site of the granite Kings Canyon, and San Joaquin River, as well as the Boyden Cave.Kobuk Valley150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 19807084,9Kobuk Valley has  of the Kobuk River and three regions of sand dunes. Created by glaciers, the Great Kobuk, the Little Kobuk, and the Hunt River Sand Dunes can reach 30 მ სიმაღლე და 38 °C, and they are the largest dunes in the arctic. Twice a year, half a million caribou migrate through the dunes and across river bluffs that contain ice age fossils. This is the least-visited National Park.Lake Clark150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 198010 601,7The region around Lake Clark has four active volcanoes, including Mount Redoubt, rivers, glaciers, and waterfalls. There are temperate rainforests, a tundra plateau, and three mountain ranges.Lassen Volcanic150pxკალიფორნია9 აგვისტო 1916430,5Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world, is joined by all three other types of volcanoes in this park: shield, cinder dome, and composite. Other than the volcano, which last erupted in 1915, the park has hydrothermal areas, including fumaroles, boiling pools, and steaming ground, heated by molten rock under the peak.Mammoth Cave150pxკენტუკი25 მაისი 1926213,8With  of passageways mapped, Mammoth Cave is by far the longest cave system in the world. Cave animals include five bat species, the Kentucky cave shrimp, cave fish, and cave salamanders. Above ground there are rivers, hiking trails, sinkholes, and springs.Mesa Verde150pxკოლორადო29 ივნისი 1906210,9This area has over 4,000 archaeological sites of the Ancestral Pueblo, who lived here for 700 years. Cliff dwellings built in the 12th and 13th centuries include Cliff Palace, which has 150 rooms and 23 kivas, and the Balcony House, with passages and tunnels.Mount Rainier150pxვაშინგტონი2 მარტი 1899953,5Mount Rainier, an active volcano, is the most prominent peak in the Cascades, and it is covered by 26 named glaciers including Carbon Glacier and Emmons Glacier, the largest in the continental United States. The mountain is popular for climbing, and more than half of the park is covered by subalpine and alpine forests. Paradise on the south slope is one of the snowiest places in the world, and the Longmire visitor center is the start of the Wonderland Trail, which encircles the mountain.North Cascades150pxვაშინგტონი2 ოქტომბერი 19682042,8This complex includes the two units of the National Park and the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas. There are numerous glaciers, and popular hiking and climbing areas are Cascade Pass, Mount Shuksan, Mount Triumph, and Eldorado Peak.Olympic150pxვაშინგტონი29 ივნისი 19383733,8Situated on the Olympic Peninsula, this park ranges from Pacific shoreline with tide pools to temperate rainforests to Mount Olympus. The glaciated Olympic Mountains overlook the Hoh Rain Forest and Quinault Rain Forest, the wettest area of the continental United States.Petrified Forest150pxარიზონა9 დეკემბერი 1962378,5This portion of the Chinle Formation has a great concentration of 225-million-year-old petrified wood. The surrounding region, the Painted Desert, has eroded red-hued volcanic rock called bentonite. There are also dinosaur fossils and over 350 Native American sites.Redwood150pxკალიფორნია2 ოქტომბერი 1968455,3This park and the co-managed state parks protect almost half of all remaining Coastal Redwoods, the tallest trees on Earth. There are three large river systems in this very seismically active area, and the  of protected coastline have tide pools and seastacks. The prairie, estuary, coast, river, and forest ecosystems have varied animal and plant species.Rocky Mountain150pxკოლორადო26 იანვარი 19151075,8This section of the Rocky Mountains has ecosystems varying in elevation from the over 150 riparian lakes to Montane and subalpine forests to the alpine tundra. Large wildlife including mule deer, bighorn sheep, black bears, and cougars inhabit these igneous mountains and glacier valleys. The fourteener Longs Peak and Bear Lake are popular destinations.Saguaro150pxარიზონა14 ოქტომბერი 1994370,0Split into the separate Rincon Mountain and Tucson Mountain Districts, the dry Sonoran Desert is still home to much life in six biotic communities. Beyond the namesake Giant Saguaro cacti, there are barrel cacti, cholla cacti, and prickly pears, as well as Lesser Long-nosed Bats, Spotted Owls, and javelinas.Sequoia150pxკალიფორნია25 სექტემბერი 18901635,1This park protects the Giant Forest, which has the world's largest tree, General Sherman, as well as four of the next nine. It also has over 240 caves, the tallest mountain in the lower 48, Mount Whitney, and the granite dome Moro Rock.Shenandoah150pxვირჯინია22 მაისი 1926805,5Shenandoah's Blue Ridge Mountains are covered by hardwood forests that are home to tens of thousands of animals. The Skyline Drive and Appalachian Trail run the entire length of this narrow park that has more than  of hiking trails along scenic overlooks and waterfalls of the Shenandoah River.Theodore Roosevelt150pxჩრდილოეთი დაკოტა10 ნოემბერი 1978285,1This region that enticed and influenced President Theodore Roosevelt is now a park of three units in the badlands. Besides Roosevelt's historic cabin, there are scenic drives and backcountry hiking opportunities. Wildlife includes American Bison, pronghorns, Bighorn sheep, and wild horses.Virgin Islands150pxვირჯინია2 აგვისტო 195659,4The island of Saint John has rich human and natural history. There are Taino archaeological sites and ruins of sugar plantations from Columbus's time. Past the pristine beaches are mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs and algal plains.Voyageurs150pxმინესოტა8 იანვარი 1971883,0This park on four main lakes, a site for canoeing, kayaking, and fishing, has a history of Ojibwe Native Americans, French fur traders called voyageurs, and a gold rush. Formed by glaciers, this region has tall bluffs, rock gardens, islands and bays, and historic buildings.Wind Cave150pxსამხრეთი დაკოტა9 იანვარი 1903114,5Wind Cave is distinctive for its calcite fin formations called boxwork and needle-like growths called frostwork. The cave, which was discovered by the sound of wind coming from a hole in the ground, is the world's densest cave system. Above ground is a mixed-grass prairie with animals such as bison, black-footed ferrets, and prairie dogs.Wrangell – St. Elias150pxალასკა2 დეკემბერი 198033 682,6This mountainous land has the convergence of the Alaska, Chugach, and Wrangell-Saint Elias Ranges, which have many of the continent's tallest mountains over , including Mount Saint Elias. More than 25% of this park of volcanic peaks is covered with glaciers, including the tidewater Hubbard Glacier, piedmont Malaspina Glacier, and valley Nabesna Glacier.Yellowstone150pxვაიომინგი, მონტანა, აიდაჰო1 მარტი 18728983,2Situated on the Yellowstone Caldera, the first national park in the world has vast geothermal areas such as hot springs and geysers, the best-known being Old Faithful and Grand Prismatic Spring. The yellow-hued Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River has numerous waterfalls, and four mountain ranges run through the park. There are almost 60 mammal species, including the gray wolf, grizzly bear, lynx, bison, and elk.Yosemite150pxკალიფორნია1 ოქტომბერი 18903080,7Yosemite has towering cliffs, waterfalls, and sequoias in a diverse area of geology and hydrology. Half Dome and El Capitan rise from the central glacier-formed Yosemite Valley, as does Yosemite Falls, North America's tallest waterfall. Three Giant Sequoia groves and vast wilderness are home to diverse wildlife.ზიონი150pxიუტა19 ნოემბერი 1919593,3This geologically unique area has colorful sandstone canyons, high plateaus, and rock towers. Natural arches and exposed formations of the Colorado Plateau make up a large wilderness of four ecosystems.

 იხილეთ აგრეთვე 
 List of areas in the United States National Park System
 History of the National Park Service
 List of National Historic Landmarks of the United States
 List of National Monuments of the United States
 List of tourist attractions worldwide
 List of U.S. National Forests

 რესურსები ინტერნეტში 

  of the National Park Service
 Find a Park by the NPS
 The National Parks: America's Best Idea  by PBS

 წყაროები 

კატეგორია:აშშ-ის ეროვნული პარკები
კატეგორია:1872 წელს დაარსებული დაცული ტერიტორიები