Patang laras (Cina Tengahan)

Patang laras kang ana ing  guguritan lan carabasawidya Cina (Aksara Kan: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) ya iku patang kêlas laras tradhisiyonal tetembungan Cina. Patang laras iki duwe guna kang penting ing guguritan Cina lan ing pasinau bandhingan kanggo parijinis-parijinis basa Cina ing basawidya Cina tradhisiyonal utawa Kulonan. Laras-laras iki silihsaur karo swarawidya basa Cina Tengahan lan karanan têtêg (平), munggah (上), mangkat (去), lan lumebu (入). Amarga pegat lan gathuking laras ing jaman biyen, ora ana parijinis basa Cina Modheren kang duwe ganep papat larasing basa Cina Tengahan. Ananging, laras-laras iku mau isih kawenehan tandha ing bausastra padhalagu.

 Panjlentreh Laras ing Basa Cina Modheren 
+Panjlentrehaning patang kelas laras ing basa Cina Modheren
Saben kelas laras katandha angka urut ① nganti ⑧,  miturut pangilone ing basa Cina Tengahan Pungkasan, katurutake karo carawacane nganggo aksara laras kanggo nggambarake konture lan banjur karo wujud angkaneKlumpukan utamabagakumpukanparijinis laladanKelas laras basa Cina Tengahan Wiwitangunggung kelas laras
(gunggung
laras fonemis)꜀平Teteg ꜀①꜁②꜂上 Munggah ꜂③꜃④去꜄ Mangkat ⑤꜄⑥꜅入꜆ Lumebu ⑦꜆⑧꜇Wanda onsetagosasagosaagosasagosaagosasagosaagosasagosasonobssonobstenuisaspsonobs(cendhak)(dawa)sonobsTuladhajupuk:花人平考马上去票外大北八入白MandharinPeycingPeycing① ˥ 55②ʰ ˧˥ 35③ ˨˩˦ 214⑤˥˩ 51(any)§⑤②4Ji–LuJinan① ˨˩˧ 213②ʰ ˦˨ 42③ ˥ 55⑤ ˨˩ 21①⑤②4Jiao–LiaoDalian①②ʰ③⑤③⑤②4Zhongyuan(Central Plain)Syi'an① ˧˩ 31②ʰ ˨˦ 24③ ˦˨ 42⑤ ˥ 55①②4Dungan① ˨˦ 24③ ˥˩ 51⑤ ˦ 44①③3Lan–YinLanzhou① ˧˩ 31②ʰ ˥˧ 53③ ˦˦˨ 442⑤ ˩˧ 13②4Yinchuan①③⑤3KidulkulonChengdu① ˥ 5②ʰ ˨˩ 21③ ˦˨ 42⑤ ˨˩˧ 213②4Luzhou① ˥ 5②ʰ ˨˩ 21③ ˦˨ 42⑤ ˩˧ 13⑦ˀ ˧ 35Jiang–HuaiNanjing① ˧˩ 31②ʰ ˩˧ 13③ ˨˩˨ 212⑤ ˦ 44⑦ˀ ˥ 55 (4)Nantong① 35②ʰ 21③ 55⑥⑤ 213⑥ 42⑦ˀ 55ʔ⑧ˀ 42ʔ7 (5)JinBingzhouTaiyuan① ˩ 11③ ˥˧ 53⑤ ˦˥ 45⑦ˀ ˨ 2⑧ˀ ˥˦545 (3)NguTaihuShanghay① ˥˨ 52⑥°⑤⑥°⑤ ˧˧˦ 334⑥° ˩˩˧113⑦ˀ ˥ 5⑧ˀ° ˨˧ 235 (2)°Su-tsêy① ˦ 44②° ˨˦ 24③ ˥˨ 52⑥°⑤ ˦˩˨ 412⑥° ˧˩ 31⑦ˀ ˦ 4⑧ˀ° ˨˧ 237 (3)°OujiangWenzhounese① ˦ 44②° ˧˩ 31③ʔ/④ʔ° ˧˥ 35⑤ ˥˨ 52⑥° ˨ 22⑦/⑧° ˧˨˧ 3238 (4–6)°HuizhouJi-SheJixi① ˧˩ 31② ˦ 44③ ˨˩˧ 213⑤ ˧˥ 35⑥ ˨ 22⑦ˀ ˧˨ 326 (5)SyongNewChangsha① ˧ 33② ˩˧ 13③ ˦˩ 41⑥⑤ ˥ 55⑥ ˨˩ 21⑦ˀ ˨˦ 246 (5)KonChangjingNanchang① ˦˨ 42⑤②˨˦24③ ˨˩˧ 213⑥⑤ ˥55③⑥ ˨˩ 21⑦ˀ ˥ 5⑧ˀ ˨˩ 217 (5)HagkahMeizhouMeixian① ˦ 44② ˩ 11③ ˧˩ 31⑤ ˥˨ 52⑦ˀ ˨˩ 21⑧ˀ ˦ 46 (4)YütYuehaiGuangzhou①a ˥ 55 ~①b ˥˧ 53◊②ʰ ˨˩21~11③ ˧˥ 35④ʰ* ˩˧ 13⑤ ˧ 33⑥ ˨ 22⑦aˀ ˥5⑦bˀ ˧3⑧ˀ ˨ 29~10 (6~7)Hong Kong① ˥ 55②ʰ ˨˩21~11③‖ ˨˥ 25④ʰ*‖ ˨˧ 23⑤ ˧ 33⑥ ˨ 22⑦aˀ ˥5⑦bˀ ˧3⑧ˀ ˨ 29 (6)Shiqi① ˥ 55② ˥˩ 51③ ˩˧ 13⑤ ˨ 22⑦aˀ ˥5⑧ˀ ˨ 26 (4)SiyiTaishanese① ˧ 33②ʰ? ˩ 11③ ˥ 55④ʰ? ˨˩ 21①⑥ ˧˨ 32⑦aˀ ˥5⑦bˀ ˧3⑧ˀ ˨˩ 218 (5)Gou-LouBobai① ˦ 44②ʰ? ˨˧ 23③ ˧ 33④ʰ? ˦˥ 45⑤ ˧˨ 32⑥ ˨˩ 21⑦aˀ ˥˦54⑦bˀ ˩1⑧aˀ˦ 4
(long)⑧bˀ˧˨ 32
(short)10 (6)PinghuaSouthernNanning① ˥˨ 52②ʰ? ˨˩ 21③ ˦ 44④ʰ? ˨˦ 24⑤ ˥ 55⑥ ˨ 22⑦ˀ ˦ 4⑧aˀ˨˦ 24⑧bˀ ˨29 (6)BanLorJian'ou① ˥˦ 54⑤③ ˨˩ 21⑤ ˨ 22⑥ ˦ 44⑦ˀ ˨˦ 24⑧ˀ ˦˨ 426 (4)WetanFuzhou① ˥ 55② ˥˧ 53③ ˧ 33⑤ ˨˩˧ 213⑥ ˨˦˨ 242⑦ˀ ˨˦ 24⑧ˀ ˥ 57 (5)KidulAmoy① ˥ 55② ˧˥ 35③ ˥˧ 53③/⑥†⑤ ˨˩ 21⑥ ˧ 33⑦ˀ ˩ 1⑧ˀ ˥ 57 (5)Cwancyu① ˧ 33② ˨˦ 24③ ˥ 55③/④†④ ˨22⑤‡ ˦˩ 41⑥‡ ˦˩ 41⑦ˀ ˥ 5⑧ˀ ˨˦ 248 (6)Teochew① ˧ 33② ˥ 55③ ˥˨ 52④ ˧˥ 35⑤ ˨˩˧ 213⑥ ˩11④/⑥ǃ⑦ˀ ˨ 2⑧ˀ ˦ 48 (6)Cina VyetnamLorHanoi① ˦ 44②˧˨32③ ˧˩˨ 312④˧˨˥325④/⑥⑤ ˧˦ 34⑥ ˨ 22⑦ ˦˥ 45⑧ ˨˩ 218 (6)CentralHue① ˥˦˥ 545②˦˩41③ ˧˨ 32③/⑥⑤ ˨˩˦ 214⑥ ˧˩ 31⑦ ˦˧˥ 435⑧ ˧˩ 317 (5)KidulSaigon① ˦ 44②˧˩31③ ˨˩˦ 214③/⑥⑤ ˧˥ 35⑥ ˨˩˨ 212⑦ ˦˥ 45⑧ ˨˩ 217 (5)

 § Irregular developmen

 Sawang uga 
Basa Cina