X-SAMPA

Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) iku swawijining varian saka SAMPA sing kasusun ing taun 1995 déning John C. Wells, profèsor fonètik ing Universitas London. X-SAMPA dirancang kanggp nyawijèkaké aksara SAMPA, lan ngembangaké SAMPA supaya nyakup kabèh karakter sajeroning International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Asilé wujud IPA 7-bit ASCII sing kainspirasi déning SAMPA.
 Simbul aksara cilik 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA gambar Katrangan  Conto a    Gambar:Xsampa-a.png  open front unrounded vowel  Basa Prancis dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e] b    Gambar:Xsampa-b.png  voiced bilabial plosive  Basa Inggris bed [bEd], Basa Prancis bon [bO~] b_<    Gambar:Xsampa-b lessthan.png  voiced bilabial implosive  Basa Sindhi  [b_<arU] c    Gambar:Xsampa-c.png  voiceless palatal plosive  Basa Honggari latyak ["lQcQk] d    Gambar:Xsampa-d.png  voiced alveolar plosive  Basa Inggris dig [dIg], Basa Prancis doigt [dwa] d`    Gambar:Xsampa-d'.png  voiced retroflex plosive  Basa Swèdhen hord [hu:d`] d_<    Gambar:Xsampa-d lessthan.png  voiced alveolar implosive  Basa Sindhi  [d_<arU] e    Gambar:Xsampa-e.png  close-mid front unrounded vowel  Basa Prancis ses [se], Basa Inggris met [met] (AusE and NZE) f    Gambar:Xsampa-f2.png  voiceless labiodental fricative  Basa Inggris five [faIv], Basa Prancis femme [fam] g    Gambar:Xsampa-g.png  voiced velar plosive  Basa Inggris game [geIm], Basa Prancis longue [lO~g] g_<    Gambar:Xsampa-g lessthan.png  voiced velar implosive  Basa Sindhi  [g_<@ro] h    Gambar:Xsampa-h.png  voiceless glottal fricative  Basa Inggris house [haUs] h\    Gambar:Xsampa-hslash.png  voiced glottal fricative  Czech hrad [h\rat] i    Gambar:Xsampa-i.png  close front unrounded vowel  Basa Inggris be [bi:], Basa Prancis oui [wi], Spanish si [si] j    Gambar:Xsampa-j2.png  palatal approximant  Basa Inggris yes [jEs], Basa Prancis yeux [j2] j\    Gambar:Xsampa-jslash2.png  voiced palatal fricative  Basa Yunani γειά [j\a] k    Gambar:Xsampa-k.png  voiceless velar plosive  Basa Inggris scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o] l    Gambar:Xsampa-l.png  alveolar lateral approximant  Basa Inggris lay [leI], Basa Prancis mal [mal] l`    Gambar:Xsampa-l'.png  retroflex lateral approximant  Svealand Basa Swèdhen sorl [so:l`] l\    Gambar:Xsampa-lslash.png  alveolar lateral flap  Basa Jepang phoneme /r/  m    Gambar:Xsampa-m.png  bilabial nasal  Basa Inggris mouse [maUs], Basa Prancis homme [Om] n    Gambar:Xsampa-n.png  alveolar nasal  Basa Inggris nap [n{p], Basa Prancis non [nO~] n`    Gambar:Xsampa-n'.png  retroflex nasal  Basa Swèdhen hörn [h2:n`] o    Gambar:Xsampa-o.png  close-mid back rounded vowel  Basa Prancis gros [gRo] p    Gambar:Xsampa-p.png  voiceless bilabial plosive  Basa Inggris speak [spik], Basa Prancis pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o] p\    Gambar:Xsampa-pslash.png  voiceless bilabial fricative  Basa Jepang fuku [p\M_0kM] q    Gambar:Xsampa-q.png  voiceless uvular plosive  Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba] r    Gambar:Xsampa-r.png  alveolar trill  Spanish perro ["per:o] r`    Gambar:Xsampa-r'.png  retroflex flap    r\    Gambar:Xsampa-rslash2.png  alveolar approximant  Basa Inggris red [r\Ed] r\`    Gambar:Xsampa-rslash'.png  retroflex approximant  Malayalam വഴി ["v6r\`i] s    Gambar:Xsampa-s.png  voiceless alveolar fricative  Basa Inggris seem [si:m], Basa Prancis session [se"sjO~] s`    Gambar:Xsampa-s'.png  voiceless retroflex fricative  Basa Swèdhen mars [mas`] s\    Gambar:Xsampa-sslash.png  voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative  Basa Polski świerszcz [s\v'erStS] t    Gambar:Xsampa-t.png  voiceless alveolar plosive  Basa Inggris stew [stju:], Basa Prancis raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo] t`    Gambar:Xsampa-t'.png  voiceless retroflex plosive  Basa Swèdhen mört [m2t`] u    Gambar:Xsampa-u.png  close back rounded vowel  Basa Inggris boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su] v    Gambar:Xsampa-v.png  voiced labiodental fricative  Basa Inggris vest [vEst], Basa Prancis voix [vwa] v\ (or P)    Gambar:Xsampa-Porvslash.png  labiodental approximant  Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]  w    Gambar:Xsampa-w2.png  labial-velar approximant  Basa Inggris west [wEst], Basa Prancis oui [wi] x    Gambar:Xsampa-x.png  voiceless velar fricative  Scots loch [lOx]; German Buch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión x\    Gambar:Xsampa-xslash2.png  voiceless palatal-velar fricative  Basa Swèdhen sjal [x\A:l] y    Gambar:Xsampa-y.png  close front rounded vowel  Basa Prancis tu [ty] German über ["y:b6] z    Gambar:Xsampa-z.png  voiced alveolar fricative  Basa Inggris zoo [zu:], Basa Prancis azote [a"zOt] z`    Gambar:Xsampa-z'.png  voiced retroflex fricative  Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN] z\    Gambar:Xsampa-zslash.png  voiced alveolo-palatal fricative  Basa Polski źrebak ["z\rEbak]

 Simbul aksara gedhé 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA gambar  Katrangan  Conto A    Gambar:Xsampa-A2.png  open back unrounded vowel  Basa Inggris father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.) B    Gambar:Xsampa-B2.png  voiced bilabial fricative  Spanish lavar [la"Ba4] B\    Gambar:Xsampa-Bslash.png  bilabial trill  Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") C    Gambar:Xsampa-C2.png  voiceless palatal fricative  German ich [IC], Basa Inggris human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-]) D    Gambar:Xsampa-D2.png  voiced dental fricative  Basa Inggris then [DEn] E    Gambar:Xsampa-E2.png  open-mid front unrounded vowel  Basa Prancis même [mEm], Basa Inggris met [mEt] (RP and Gen.Am.) F    Gambar:Xsampa-F.png  labiodental nasal  Basa Inggris emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-]) G    Gambar:Xsampa-G2.png  voiced velar fricative  Basa Yunani γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@] G\    Gambar:Xsampa-Gslash.png  voiced uvular plosive  Inuktitut nirivvik [<tt>niG\ivvik] G\_<    Gambar:Xsampa-Gslash lessthan.png  voiced uvular implosive  Mam  [G\_<a] H    Gambar:Xsampa-H.png  labial-palatal approximant  Basa Prancis huit [Hit] H\    Gambar:Xsampa-Hslash.png  voiceless epiglottal fricative    I    Gambar:Xsampa-I2.png  near-close near-front unrounded vowel  Basa Inggris kit [kIt] I\   or      near-close central unrounded vowel  Basa Polski ryba [rI\bA]   J    Gambar:Xsampa-J.png  palatal nasal  Spanish año ["aJo], Basa Inggris canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-]) J\    Gambar:IPA 108.svg  voiced palatal plosive  Basa Honggari egy [EJ\] J\_<    Gambar:Xsampa-Jslash lessthan.png  voiced palatal implosive  Basa Sindhi  [J\_<aro] K    Gambar:Xsampa-K2.png  voiceless alveolar lateral fricative  Welsh llaw [KaU] K\    Gambar:Xsampa-Kslash.png  voiced alveolar lateral fricative     L    Gambar:Xsampa-L2.png  palatal lateral approximant  Italian famiglia [fa"miLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], Basa Inggris million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-]) L\    Gambar:Xsampa-Lslash.png  velar lateral approximant   M    Gambar:Xsampa-M.png  close back unrounded vowel  Korean 으 (eu) M\    Gambar:Xsampa-Mslash.png  velar approximant   Spanish fuego ["fweM\o] N    Gambar:Xsampa-N2.png  velar nasal  Basa Inggris thing [TIN] N\    Gambar:Xsampa-Nslash.png  uvular nasal  Basa Jepang san [saN\] O    Gambar:Xsampa-O2.png  open-mid back rounded vowel  RP  thought [TO:t], American Basa Inggris off [O:f] O\    Gambar:Xsampa-Oslash.png  bilabial click     P (or v\)    Gambar:Xsampa-Porvslash.png  labiodental approximant  Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of Basa Inggris phoneme /r\/ Q    Gambar:Xsampa-Q.png  open back rounded vowel  RP lot [lQt] R    Gambar:IPA 143.svg  voiced uvular fricative  German rein [RaIn] R\    Gambar:Xsampa-Rslash.png  uvular trill  Basa Prancis roi [R\wa] S    Gambar:Xsampa-S2.png  voiceless postalveolar fricative  Basa Inggris ship [SIp] T    Gambar:Xsampa-T2.png  voiceless dental fricative  Basa Inggris thin [TIn] U    Gambar:Xsampa-U2.png  near-close near-back rounded vowel  Basa Inggris foot [fUt] U\   or   Gambar:Xsampa-Uslash.png  near-close central rounded vowel   Basa Inggris  euphoria  [jU\"fO@r\i@] V    Gambar:Xsampa-V.png  open-mid back unrounded vowel  RP Basa Inggris strut [str\Vt] W    Gambar:Xsampa-X.png  voiceless labial-velar fricative  Scots when [WEn] X    Gambar:Xsampa-x2.png  voiceless uvular fricative  Klallam  [sXa?q_wa?] X\    Gambar:Xsampa-Xslash.png  voiceless pharyngeal fricative  Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:] Y    Gambar:Xsampa-Y2.png  near-close near-front rounded vowel  German hübsch [hYpS] Z    Gambar:Xsampa-Z2.png  voiced postalveolar fricative  Basa Inggris vision ["vIZ@n]

 Sibul liya 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA gambar  Katrangan  Conto .    Gambar:Xsampa-fullstop.png  syllable break     "    Gambar:Xsampa-doublequotes.png  primary stress    %    Gambar:Xsampa-percentage.png  secondary stress    ' (or _j)    Gambar:Xsampa-'or j.png  palatalized     :    Gambar:Xsampa-colon.png  long    :\    Gambar:Xsampa-colonslash.png  half long  Estonian differentiates three vowel lengths -      separator  Basa Polski trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1] (affricate) @    Gambar:Xsampa-at.png  schwa  Basa Inggris arena [@"r\i:n@] @\    Gambar:Xsampa-atslash.png  close-mid central unrounded vowel  Paicĩ  [k@\_M4@\_M] {    Gambar:Xsampa-leftcurly.png  near-open front unrounded vowel  Basa Inggris trap [tr\{p] }    Gambar:Xsampa-rightcurly.png  close central rounded vowel  Basa Swèdhen sju [x\}:]; AuE/NZE boot [b}:t] 1    Gambar:Xsampa-1.png  close central unrounded vowel  Welsh tu [t1], American Basa Inggris rose's ["r\oUz1z] 2    Gambar:Xsampa-2.png  close-mid front rounded vowel  Danish købe ["k2:b@], Basa Prancis deux [d2] 3    Gambar:Xsampa-3.png  open-mid central unrounded vowel  Basa Inggris nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen.Am.) 3\    Gambar:Xsampa-3slash.png  open-mid central rounded vowel  Irish tomhail[t3\:l']  4    Gambar:Xsampa-4.png  alveolar flap  Spanish pero ["pe4o], American Basa Inggris better ["bE4@`] 5    Gambar:Xsampa-l eor5.png  velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e  Basa Inggris milk [mI5k] 6    Gambar:Xsampa-6.png  near-open central vowel  German besser ["bEs6], Australian Basa Inggris mud [m6d] 7    Gambar:Xsampa-7.png  close-mid back unrounded vowel  Estonian kõik [k7ik], Vietnamese mơ [m7_M] 8    Gambar:Xsampa-8.png  close-mid central rounded vowel  Basa Swèdhen buss [b8s] 9    Gambar:Xsampa-9.png  open-mid front rounded vowel  Basa Prancis neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@] &    Gambar:Xsampa-amper.png  open front rounded vowel  Basa Swèdhen skörd [x\&d`] ?    Gambar:Xsampa-questionmark.png  glottal stop  Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney Basa Inggris bottle ["bQ?l] ?\    Gambar:Xsampa-qmarkslash.png  voiced pharyngeal fricative  Arabic  ع‎ (`ayn) [?\Ajn] *      undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"   /      indeterminacy in Basa Prancis vowels    <      begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)    <\    Gambar:Xsampa-lessthanslash.png  voiced epiglottal fricative    >      end nonsegmental notation    >\    Gambar:Xsampa-greaterthanslash.png  epiglottal plosive    ^    Gambar:Xsampa-hat.png  upstep    !    Gambar:Xsampa-exclamation.png  downstep    !\    Gambar:Xsampa-exclamationslash.png  postalveolar click    |    Gambar:Xsampa-bar.png  minor (foot) group     |\    Gambar:Xsampa-barslash.png  dental click    ||    Gambar:Xsampa-doublebar.png  major (intonation) group     |\|\    Gambar:Xsampa-doublebarslash.png  alveolar lateral click    =\    Gambar:Xsampa-equalsslash.png  palatal click    -\    Gambar:Xsampa-dashslash.png  linking mark   

 Diakritik 
 X-SAMPA  IPA  IPA gambar  Katrangan _"    Gambar:Xsampa- doublequotes.png  centralized _+    Gambar:Xsampa- plus.png  advanced _-    Gambar:Xsampa- minus.png  retracted _/    Gambar:Xsampa- slash.png  rising tone _0    Gambar:Xsampa- 0.png  voiceless _<      implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives) = (or _=)    Gambar:Xsampa-equalsor equals.png  syllabic  _>    Gambar:Xsampa- greaterthan.png  ejective  _?\    Gambar:Xsampa- questionslash.png  pharyngealized  _\       falling tone  _^    Gambar:Xsampa- hat.png  non-syllabic  _}    Gambar:Xsampa- rightcurly.png  no audible release `    Gambar:Xsampa-'rhino.png  rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example) ~ (or _~)    Gambar:Xsampa-tildor tild.png  nasalization  _A    Gambar:Xsampa- A.png  advanced tongue root  _a    Gambar:Xsampa- a2.png  apical  _B    Gambar:Xsampa- B.png  extra low tone  _B_L    Gambar:Xsampa- B L.png  low rising tone _c    Gambar:Xsampa- c.png  less rounded  _d    Gambar:Xsampa- d.png  dental  _e    Gambar:Xsampa- e.png  velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5  <F>   Gambar:Xsampa-ltFgt.png  global fall _F    Gambar:Xsampa- F.png  falling tone  _G    Gambar:Xsampa- G.png  velarized  _H    Gambar:Xsampa- H.png  high tone  _H_T    Gambar:Xsampa- H T.png  high rising tone _h    Gambar:Xsampa- h.png  aspirated _j (or ')    Gambar:Xsampa-'or j.png  palatalized _k    Gambar:Xsampa- k.png  creaky voice  _L    Gambar:Xsampa- L.png  low tone  _l    Gambar:Xsampa- l.png  lateral release  _M    Gambar:Xsampa- M.png  mid tone  _m    Gambar:Xsampa- m.png  laminal  _N    Gambar:Xsampa- N.png  linguolabial _n    Gambar:Xsampa- n2.png  nasal release  _O    Gambar:Xsampa O.png  more rounded  _o    Gambar:Xsampa- o.png  lowered  _q    Gambar:Xsampa- q.png  retracted tongue root  <R>   Gambar:Xsampa-ltRgt.png  global rise  _R    Gambar:Xsampa- R.png  rising tone  _R_F    Gambar:Xsampa- R F.png  rising falling tone _r    Gambar:Xsampa- r.png  raised  _T    Gambar:Xsampa- T.png  extra high tone  _t    Gambar:Xsampa- t.png  breathy voice  _v    Gambar:Xsampa- v.png  voiced  _w    Gambar:Xsampa- w.png  labialized  _X    Gambar:Xsampa- X.png  extra-short  _x    Gambar:Xsampa- x.png  mid-centralized 

 Bagan 
 Konsonan 
 Consonants (pulmonic) Place of articulation → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical (none) Manner of articulation ↓ Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post‐alveolar Retro‐flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn-geal Epi‐glottal Glottal Nasal    m    F   n     n`   J    N</span>    N\   Plosive p b p_d b_dt d t` d` c J\ k g q G\   >\ ?   Fricative p\ B f v T D s z S Z s` z` C j\ x G X  R X\  ?\ H\  <\ h h\ Approximant    B_o    v\    r\     r\`    j    M\       Trill    B\     r     *     R\    *   Tap or Flap   *†    *†   4    r`          *   Lateral Fricative K K\  *    *    *        Lateral Approximant    l     l`    L    L\     Lateral Flap      l\     *    *    *    
 Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to Unicode. Since April 2008, this is the case of the labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v in the IPA: 20px|Labiodental flap A dedicated symbol for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA.

 Coarticulated W Voiceless labialized velar approximant w Voiced labialized velar approximant H Voiced labialized palatal approximant s\ Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative z\ Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative x\ Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative

 Affricates and double articulation ts voiceless alveolar affricate dz voiced alveolar affricate tS voiceless postalveolar affricate dZ voiced postalveolar affricate ts\ voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate dz\ voiced alveolo-palatal affricate tK voiceless alveolar lateral affricate kp voiceless labial-velar plosive gb voiced labial-velar plosive Nm labial-velar nasal (stop)

 Consonants (non-pulmonic) Clicks Implosives Ejectives O\ Bilabial b_< Bilabial _>  For example: |\ Laminal alveolar ("dental") d_< Alveolar p_> Bilabial ! Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") J\_< Palatal t_> Alveolar =\ Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") g_< Velar k_> Velar |\|\ Lateral coronal ("lateral") G\_< Uvular s_> Alveolar fricative

 Vokal 
 Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close 300pxi • y
1 • }
M • u

I • Y
I\ • U\
• U

e • 2
@\ • 8
7 • o

@

E • 9
3 • 3\
V • O

{ •
6

a • &

A • Q Near‑close Close‑mid Mid Open‑mid Near‑open Open

 Uga delengen 
 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

 Rujukan 

 Pranala njaba 
 Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA 
 Translate Basa Inggris texts into IPA phonetics with PhoTransEdit. This free software tool allows to export transcriptions to X-SAMPA.
 Online converter between IPA and X-Sampa
 Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents. Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA.
 Z-SAMPA , an extension of X-SAMPA sometimes used for conlangs

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