Perang Lempongan

Perang Lempongan utawi Perang Lempongan Pèrsi (2 Agustus 1990 – 28 Fèbruari 1991) inggih punika konflik antawis Iraq lan Pasukan koalisi saking 35 nagariThe reported number of countries participating in the Coalition varies according to source. These variations may be in part be due to uncertainty over what level of participation constitutes being a Coalition member, and vagueness over the organization timeline of the Coalition. Examples of count variations include: an Arab anti-Gulf War essay - 31 ; CNN - 34; an Arab médhia site - 36; the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative think tank citing a 1991 Department of Defense report) - 38 ; US Institute of Medicine report on Gulf War Veterans' Health - 39 . The number of Coalition members has been reported to be as low as 19 at the beginning of the air campaign. ingkang dipunidinaken déning PBB (UN) lan dipunpimpin mliginipun déning Amérikah Sarékat kanggé mbébasaken Kuwait.
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Perang tuwuh amargi invasi Irak dhateng Kuwait wonten ing tanggal 2 Agustus, 1990. Agresi Irak punika lajeng dipunbales kanthi sanksi ékonomi déning PBB dhumateng Irak. Intervensi nganggé gaman saking internasional dipunwiwiti ing wulan January 1991 lan ngasilaken kamenangan kanggé wadyabala koalisi, ingkang nggiring wadyabala Irak medal saking Kuwait kanthi kurban ingkang sakedhik. Pertempuran udara lan dharat dumados wonten ing palagan Irak, Kuwait, lan tlatah tapel wates Saudi Arabia. Irak ugi ngluncuraken peluru kendhali missiles dhumateng sasaran-sasaran ing Saudi Arabia lan Israèl.
Amargi Perang Iran-Irak ing taun 1980-88 sampun kadhung dipunwastani "Perang Lempongan " utawi "Perang Lempongan Pèrsi" déning sumber-sumber berita, pramila perang taun 1991 punika lajeng dipunwastani Perang Lempongan II, utawi langkung umum kasebat Perang Lempongan kémawon, déné perang ingkang kadadosan taun 1980 dipunwastani Perang Lempongan Kapisan. Operation Desert Storm was the U.S. name of the air and land operations and is often used to refer to the conflict.

 Kekiatan ingkang Adu arep 
Nem dinten sasampunipun invasi Irak ing Kuwait wonten ing 2 Agustus, 1990, Amérika Sarikat miwiti nggelar pasukanipun wujud wadyabala dharat, Angkatan Seganten Marinir, Angkatan Udara lan Penjaga Pasisir dhateng Saudi Arabia(Operation Desert Shield), sauntawis nyuwun kanthi sanget supados nagari sanès inggih purun ngintun pasukanipun. Operasi Badai Ara-ara dipunwiwiti kaping 17 Januari, 1991, kanthi kalih welas nagari sampun ngintun Angkatan Seganten, nggabung kaliyan pasuka Saudi Arabia, nagari Lempongan sanèsipun. lan wadyabala Angkatan Seganten Amérika Sarikat, ingkang nggelar enem armada kapal indhuk; wolung nagari sampun ngintun wadyabala dharat, nggabung kaliyan wadyabala saking Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, lan Uni Emirat Arab, ugi pitulas brigade awrat lan enem brigade alit saking Angkatan Dharat Amérika Sarikat. Army lan sangang resimen Marinir, kanthi sadaya pendhukungipun,; lan sekawan nagari sampun ngintun montor mabur tempur, nggabung kaliyan Angkatan Udara Kuwait, Qatar, lan Saudi Arabia, lan ugi Angkatan Udara Amérika Sarikat, penerbangan Angkatan Seganten lan Marinir Amérika Sarikat kanthi total 2,430 montor mabur sayap tetap utawi fixed-wing aircraft.

Saking péhak Irak, dipungelar sawatawis kapal gunboat lan montor mabur kanthi peluru kendhali alit kanggé ngadhepi armada koalisi; nanging suwalikipun, kinten-kinten 1.2 yuta wadyabala dharat kanthi kirang langkung 5,800 tank, 5,100 kendharaan lapis waja sanèsipun, lan 3,850 artileri kanggé nedahaken kakuatan dharat ingkang pinunjul.. Kanthi 750 montor mabur penenmpur lan pembom, 200 montor mabur sanèsipun, lan ngadelaken pertahanan peluru kendhali lan mriem, kakuatan udara Irak ugi cekap mbebayani. Nanging bab kualitas prajurit lan peralatan wadyabala Irak pancèn akgolong kirang saé.

 Panggelaran Pasukan 

List of Coalition forces by number of troops Country  Number of Troops Comments / Major Events 20px United States 575,000-697,000Operation Desert ShieldBattle of KhafjiBattle of 73 EastingBattle of Al BusayyahBattle of Phase Line BulletBattle of Medina RidgeBattle of Wadi Al-BatinBattle of NorfolkOperation Desert Storm. 20px Saudi Arabia 52,000-100,000Operation Desert ShieldBattle of KhafjiOperation Desert Storm  20px United Kingdom 43,000-45,400Operation Desert ShieldOperation GranbyOperation Desert Storm 20px Egypt 33,600-35,000Operation Desert Storm  20px France 14,600Opération Daguet 20px Syria 14,500Operation Desert Storm 20px Morocco 13,000  20px Kuwait 9,900Operation Desert Storm 20px Oman 6,300Operation Desert Storm 20px Pakistan 4,900-5,500  20px United Arab Emirates 4,300Operation Desert Storm 20px Qatar 2,600Battle of Khafji 20px Bangladesh 2,200  20px Canada 2,000Operation FRICTION 20px Italy 1,200 20px Australia 700Operation Habitat 20px Netherlands 600  20px Niger 600 20px Spain 500 20px Senegal 500  20px Belgium 400 20px Bahrain 400 20px Argentina 300  20px Afghanistan 300 20px Greece 200 20px South Koréa 200  20px Poland 200Operation Simoom 20px Dhènemarken 100 20px Hungary 50  20px Norway 50Nationmaster.com-Gulf War Coalition - Troops by country

 Bibliografi 
 Felicity Arbuthnot.  September 17, 2000. Sunday Herald (Scotland)
 Rick Atkinson and Ann Devroy.  Jan 12, 1991. Washington Post.
 Mitchell Bard.  Jewish virtual library.
 William Blum.  1995. Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-052-3
 Christoper Bolkom and Jonathan Pike. 
 Miland Brown. First Pèrsin Gulf War 
 Daniel Forbes.  May 15, 2000. Salon Magazine.
 T. M. Hawley. Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War. 1992. ISBN 0-15-103969-0.
 Dilip Hiro. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1992. Routledge.
 Ronald Andrew Hoskinson and Norman Jarvis. Gulf War Photo Gallery 1994.
 Gilles Kepel. "From the Gulf War to the Taliban Jihad." Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. 2002.
 Jon Latimer. Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001 ISBN 0-7195-5605-8
 Allan Little.  December 1, 1997. BBC.
 John MacArthur. 
 Alan Munro. Arab Storm: Politics and Diplomacy Behind the Gulf War I.B. Tauris. 2006. ISBN 1-84511-128-1.
 Naval Historical Center.  May 15, 1991.
 Wright, Steven. The United States and Pèrsin Gulf Security: The Foundations of the War on Terror, Ithaca Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-86372-321-6
 Larry A. Niksch and Robert G. Sutter.  May 23, 1991. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
 Paul William Roberts, The Demonic Comedy: In the Baghdad of Saddam Hussein  
 Micah Sifry and Christopher Cerf. The Gulf War Reader. 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1947-5.
 Jean Edward Smith, George Bush's War, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1992.
 Peter Turnley.  December 2002.
 Paul Walker and Eric Stambler.  1991. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol 47, Number 4.
 Andre Gunder Frank.  May 20, 1991. Political Economy Notebooks for Study and Research, no. 14, pp. 5-34.
 PBS Frontline. 


 Ugi pirsani 
 Gulf War
 : Invasi Irak 2003
 : Dodolan gaman dhateng Irak
 : Tentara Inggris
 : Perang Lempongan boten kadadosan
 : Medhali Perang Lempongan
 : Sindroma Perang Lempongan
 : Garis Wekdal Perang Lempongan
 : Margi kangé pejah
 :En:Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 1990-1996, 1997-2000, 2001-2003
 : Perang Irak
 : Konflik Timur Tengah
 : Sajarah Militer
 : Sajarah Militer AS
 : Perlengkapan Militer Perang Lempongan
 : Tank Babylon
 : Operasi Simomm

 Film bab Perang Lempongan 
 Bravo Two Zero
 :En:Courage Under Fire
 The Finest Hour
 Jarhead
 :En:Lessons of Darkness
 :En:Live From Baghdad
 Heroes of Desert Storm Three Kings
 :En:In the Army Now (saleresipun filem bab pertempuran fiktif antawis wadyabala AS lan wadyabala Libya ingkang nyerang Chad)

 Video game magepokan kaliyan Perang lempongan 
 Super Battletank War in the Gulf
 '':En:Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer
 :En:Conflict: Desert Storm
 :En:Conflict: Desert Storm 2(back to Baghdad)
 Patriot
 :En:Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem

 Réferènsi 

 Pranala njawi 

 Desert-Storm.com  Online Community For Desert-Storm Veterans. Information resource about the war.
 Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Gulf War 
 CBC Digital Archives - The 1991 Gulf War

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