Jumiekan Kryuol

Jumiekan Patwa a di nashinal langwij a di konchri a Jumieka. Alduo hIngglish a di hofishal langwij a Jumieka, ahn dehn aal av wa dehn kaal Jumiekan Ingglish, a muosli bakra ahn tapanaaris yu ie wid i ina hofishal sorkl, anles smadi a chrai piiki-puoki fi himpres piipl. Noftaim, Jumiekan piipl muuv bitwiin di braad Patwa ahn Jumiekan Ingglish wen dem de taak, aal iina di siem sentens.

 Ischri 

 Aborijinal dedlef 
Di fos piipl wi nuo bout we wehn de liv pan di hailan a di Taino dem, we did taak Arawak langwij. Dehn get waip out likl afta di Panyad dem kech a di hailan wen dehn did a sorch fi Kyatie (Cathay), di lan a guol ina di Iis. So dehn no de bout lang inof fi hinfluens di divelopment a Jumiekan Patwa. Di fyuu wod we dehn dedlef gi wi a laik orikien, kasaava, Liganii, amok, kalalu ahn guaava. Di niem a di konchri kom fram di Aborijinal wod Zhiemaka (Xaymaca). Dat miin "lan a wud an waata".https://jis.gov.jm/information/jamaican-history/

Panish an Puotigiiz Influwens
Di Panish dem dehnself nehn lef moch muo dan fyuu wod, laik pasiero frahn pasajero, ahn eskobiich frahn escabechar. Plies-niem laik Sivil, hUocho Rayas, Raya Kuoba, Raya Byuuno ahn Puoto Siiko maak dehn paas. Aalduo di Puotigiiz neba ruul Jumieka, dehn wehn go aal bout Afrika ahn di Kyaribiyan chruu di Migl Pachiz a chried sliev. Fi dem wod pequeno a di harijin fi di Jumiekan wod pikanini an aala di difrant difrant vorzhan a i we yu kyahn fain ina hada Kriol ahn pijin langwij. Wi get gizaada frahn guisado ahn palaava frahn palavra. Di Panish ahn Puotigiiz Juu dem alaik flai kom a Jumieka fi hekskiep di hIngkwizishan ahn som kom frahn Surinam ahn hada hels paat a di Kyaribiyan tu. Dehn gi wi niem laka Lindo, Liivi (Levy), Dacasta (Dacosta), Gyaasha (Garcia)ahn Agilar (Aguilar).

 Di British Tamp 
Chuu dehn nehn a du so wel fi kanchruol di Nyuu Wol gens di Panish dem, sohn hInglish admiral disaid se dem a go tek we Jumieka fi hAliva Kramwel (Oliver Cromwell) no tuu bex wid dem. Di Panish dem nehn hekspek fi get atak so dehn nehn pripier nontaal, so a dat mek nof a dem ron we go a Kyuuba. Som a dehn sliev tek di hapachyuuniti fi ron go op ina di il dem fi jain di Maruun dem. Frahn dem taim de, hIngglish tek ruut, an di suolja ahn siela dem taat fi tiich i. Aafa dat, di sekla dem wehn tiich i tu, wid dehn uovasia, buk-kipa, hindencha saabant ahn mishineri dem. Som a demaya taak difrant riijanal British daiyalek an a so wi get di Skatish ahn hAirish influwens.

 We Jumieka Taak Kom Fram 
Di linggwis dem kliem se "pyuor" Jumiekan, we yu fain muosli a konchri, wid riijanal difrans, a wahn mikscha a sebmtiint senchri hIngglish ahn Wes Afrikan langwij, (muosli Chui), kanschrokshan ahn vokyabileri, wid som Panish ahn Puotigiiz iin de tu fi wahn nais miksop. Di haksent ahn tuon a vais kom frahn Skatish ahn hAirish. Bies pan di ischri a Jumieka, dis shudn sopraizn sins di bolk a di papilieshan disen frahn sliev we kom frahn Wes Afrika, we di Panish dem bring kom, den dem lorn Ingglish frahn dehn British uona, bakra, hadvenchara, ahn mishaneri.

 Di Stietos a Patwa Rait Ya Nou 
A guda faiv miliyan piipl (dat inkluud di papilieshan a Jumieka an di daiyaspora), taak Jumiekan ina wan faam ar di hada. Laka eni hada livin langwij, i chienj ahn kantinyu fi chienj uoba taim. Mosi honggl fyuu houl-taima baka bush a konchri, ar dem de we kot aaf frahn waa gwaan a yaad chuu dem de a farin  kyaahn chat di braad Patwa, ar wa dem kaal  Uol ar Klasikal Jumiekan. LangwiJumieka rekanaiz chrii digrii a Jumiekan wid J3 az di bazilek. Di majariti a piipl we taak Patwa taak sitn we de somwe ina di migl a di spekchrom. Dehn haalwiez a mek-op nyuu wod laka aatikal ahn tapanaaris, ar a bara wod laik bling-bling fram hada langwij chuu muo piipl kyahn go a farin nou an a komyuunikiet wid dem hilekchranik divais. Di langwij wi chienj bot i n'aa go ded far i tek iin eni nyuu wod an Jumiekanaiz i. So lang az Jumiekan kantinyu fi taak di siem wie, dehn n'aa go tap tek i siem Ingglish ahn ton i ina dem uona langwij. Aal nou, no govament aatariti no waahn mek i ofishal. No mata umoch dehn waahn sopres i, a hit Jumieka piipl wi haalwiez taak. I don du aredi. A dem langwij muo dahn heniting els set dem apaat az wahn piipl.

 Grama 

 Noun 
Laka ina hIngglish, noun no chienjop fi suut nomba, kies nar jenda. Demaya shuo adawaiz ar di kanteks wi tel yu.

Pluural
 Pluuralaizieshan fala di dairek patan we de ina nof Wes Afrikan langwij:
  noun + 3d porsn pluural pruonoun
 pus + dem > pus dem
 Adawaiz, pluural indikiet bai kualifaya ar kantex:
 wan bwai > tuu bwai
 som bwai > some boys</div>demde bwai > those boys
di bwai dem > nof bwai 
 Som wod kip dehn Ingglish pluural faam fi buot singgyula ahn pluural:
wahn ans > nof answan flowaz > six flowazwahn shuuz > bier shuuzwan brejrin > som brejrin

 Pruonoun 

 mi
 yu
 im/ihn | shi* | i
 wi
 unu
 deh
*Yu av som piipl we no shuo di difrans bitwiin man ahn uman wid pruonoun; dehn dis se im /  ihn, aal wen dem a taak bout uman.

 Pozeshan 

 mi - fimi
 yu - fiyu
 im/ihn | ar | i - fiim/fiar/fiit
 wi - fiwi
 unu - fiunu
 dem - fidem

 Ditormina 

 wahn/wan
 di
 dis/disya
 dat/datde
 dem(a)ya
 demde
 som
 heni
 hebri
 haal
 non

 Intaragativ 

 (a)-uu
 (a)-uufa
 (a)-wa/a-wara
 (a)-wich
 (a)-wen
 (a)-wa mek/sieka wa
 (a)-we/we paat/wich paat
 (a)-ou

 Pripozishan 
 (pan) tap a
 andaniit
 said a 
 front a
 bak a
 iina
 outsaid a
 insaid a
 kraas fram
 uova
 anda
 bitwiin

 Lichicha 
 Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im

Refrans

 Ku demya haatikl tu 
 Tes-Wikipidia ina Sa-Lone Krio
 Wikipedia ina Ieti (Afro-French) Kryuol
 Lis a Afrikan wod ina Jumiekan Patwa
 Mekatelyu
 Jamaican Creole morphology and syntax 

 Bibliografi 
 Adams, L. Emilie (1991) Understanding Jamaican Patois: An Introduction to Afro-Jamaican Grammar, Kingston: Kingston Publishers Limited.
 Bailey, Beryl Loftman (1966) Jamaican Creole Syntax: A Transformational Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 Blair, Teresa P. (2013) A-Z of Jamaican Patois (Patwah): Words, Phrases and How We Use Them, Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
 Bible Society (British & Foreign Bible Society) (2012) Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment: The Jamaican New Testament, Kingston: Bible Society of the West Indies.
 Cassidy, Frederic Gomes & Robert Brock Le Page (2002) Dictionary of Jamaican English; Kingston: University of West Indies.
 Chang, Larry (2014) Biesik Jumiekan: Introduction to Jamaican Language; Washington: Chuu Wod.
 Di Jamiekan Langwij Yuunit (2009) Writing Jamaican the Jamaican Way/ Ou fi Rait Jamiekan; Kingston: Arawak Publications.
 Durrleman-Tame, Stephanie (2008) The Syntax of Jamaican Creole: A Cartographic Perspective; Linguistics today / Linguistik aktuell, Amsterdam: John Benjamins  
 Jabari Reynolds, Ras Dennis (2006) Jabari: Authentic Jamaican Dictionary of the Jamic Language; Waterbury: Around the Ways Books.
 Jaganauth, Dhanis (2001) The use of Se in Jamaican in Christie, Pauline (ed.) Due Respect: Essays on English and English-related Creoles in the Caribbean in Honour of Professor Robert Le Page; Kingston: University of West Indies.
 Krause, Stefanie (????) Patwa als sprachliches Mittel zum Ausdruck jamaikanischer Identität
 Lalla, Barbara A., and Jean D'Costa (1990) Language in Exile: Three Hundred Years of Jamaican Creole; Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama.
 Miller, Frederic P., et al. (2009) Jamaican Patois, Alphascript Publishing.
 Odimegwu, Pamela (2012) A Comparative Analysis of Jamaican Creole and Nigerian Pidgin English
 Osborne, Sheila and Eddie Osborne (1993) Essential Jamaican Patwa: For English-Speaking Travelers; Osborne Communications
 Patrick, Peter (1999) Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect; Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
 Patrick, P L (2007) Jamaican Patwa (Creole English) in Comparative Creole Syntax: Parallel Outlines of 18 Creole Grammars, JA Holm & PL Patrick (eds.), 127-152.
 Samuels, Janice (2009) Jamaican Patwa No Problem: A Tourist's Guide to Jamaican Language and Culture; Grant House Publishers.
 Sibley, Inez K. (1968) Quashie's Reflections in Jamaican Creole; Kingston: Bolivar Press.
 From Jamaican Creole to Standard English: A Handbook for Teachers
 London Jamaican -Jamaican Creole in London
 Codeswitching on the Web: English and Jamaican Creole in E-mail Communication
 R. B. Le Page (1960) Jamaican Creole, Macmillan
 Suprasegmental Phenomena in Jamaican Creole
 "Assertive 'no' in Jamaican Creole"
 Jamaican Creole Language Course: (for English Speaking Students)
 "Wah Yu Sey Miss?". A Study of the Jamaican Creole Speaking Students at Mount Winston: A Rural Elementary School in Jamaica West Indies
 A Reanalysis of the Phonological System of Jamaican Creole
 The role of Jamaican creole in language education
 Jamaican Creole and Tok Pisin. Grammatical Similarities and Differences ...
 Plural Marking Strategies in Tok Pisin and Jamaican Creole: A Comparative ...
 Plural Marking Strategies in Tok Pisin and Jamaican Creole: A Comparative ...
 Where Hummingbirds Come from Bilingual Jamaican Creole English
 African retentions in Jamaican Creole: A reassessment
 Quantification in Jamaican Creole: The Syntax and Semantics of Evri ('every') in Interaction with Indefinites
 Linguistic Variation in Urban Jamaican Creole: A Sociolinguistic Study of Kingston, Jamaica
 Relative Clause Formation in Jamaican Creole
 Jamaican Creole: An Historical Introduction to Jamaican Creole by R. B. Le Page and Four Jamaican Creole Texts with Introduction, Phonemic, Transcriptions and Glosses by David de Camp
 Relative Clause Formation in Jamaican Creole
 The Copula in Jamaican Creole
 Phraseology and Culture: The Case of Jamaican Creole
 A Variety of Contact Language: Linguistic Aspects of Jamaican Creole and Black English Vernacular (I)
 Jamaican Creole. An Historical Introduction ... by R.B. Le Page and Four Jamaican Creole Texts, with Introduction, Phonemic Transcriptions and Glosses, by David De Camp.
 Innovation in Jamaican Creole: The Speech of Rastafari
 Jamaican English: What are the Features of Jamaican Creole ?
 Jiizas: Di Buk We Luuk Rait Bout Im Jamaican Creole Translation Project
 Jamaican Creole. Four Jamaican Creole Texts: An Historical Introduction to Jamaican Creole
 The Dance of the Caterpillars Bilingual Jamaican Creole
 An International Jamaican Patois Book and the Teachings of Rastafarians: Guide to Better Learning of Jamaican Patois 
 The English Past Tense and the Jamaican Creole Classroom (Jamaican Language)
 Quantification in Jamaican Creole: The Syntax and Semantics of Evri ("every") in Interaction with Indefinites
 Some Similarities Between Jamaican Creole and the Dialect of Tobago

Category:Jumiekan Kryuol
Category:Jumieka
Category:Kolcha
Category:Languij