人為的な要因による死者数一覧

以下は世界史における人為的な要因による死者数一覧である。一覧では、出来事の名前、場所、それぞれの出来事の開始と終了の時期についても述べている。いくつかの出来事については、含まれるカテゴリーが一つ以上になる場合もある。また、いくつかの出来事では、他の出来事と重なっている場合もあり、小さな出来事における死者数がさらに大きな出来事の中で発生した一部であることもある。

死者数はほとんどの場合、多くの不確実な部分がある。表では、低い推定値と高い推定値の相乗平均の順に並べてある。例えば、低い推定値が500人、高い推定値が2000人であったときとなる.

戦争・武力衝突

ここでは、高い推定値による死者数が10万人以上となる全ての戦争について一覧を載せる。これには軍人と民間人の両方の死者数が含まれる。直接、戦争によって死亡しただけでなく、それによって引き起こされた戦闘、病気、飢餓、虐殺、自殺、ジェノサイドによる死者も含む。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了  期間  備考、関連第二次世界大戦世界全体19456年と1日第二次世界大戦の犠牲者も参照三国時代36,000,00040,000,00037,947,332中国年学術的に、三国時代とは、220年に魏の国が成立し、280年に晋が呉の国を征服するまでの期間を指す。184年から220年までの「非公式な」期間は、中国各地での武将同士の無秩序な争いが特徴である。モンゴル帝国による征服Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in Études Song, Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. .Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population". Academic Press. p.34. Wheelis M. Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2002;8(9):971–975. doi:10.3201/eid0809.010536.Morgan, D. O. (1979). The Mongol Armies in Persia. Der Islam, 56(1), 81–96.Halperin, C. J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history (Vol. 445). Indiana University Press.ユーラシア年モンゴル帝国、Destruction under the Mongol Empireも参照ヨーロッパ諸国によるアメリカ大陸の植民地化 American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present; Erin McKenna, Scott L. Pratt; Bloomsbury; 2015, pg. 375; "It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape and war. In 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere. By 1691, the population of indigenous Americans had declined by 90–95 percent."南北アメリカ年死亡者数の推定値は、コロンブス以前の先住民の人口規模についての統一見解がないために異なっている。死亡率の90%は主に病気によるものである。大規模な人口減少は小氷期をもたらした。太平天国の乱Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression, page 468.William J. Gingles, By Train to Shanghai: A Journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway, pg. 259中国年清も参照明清交替中国年清も参照安史の乱13,020,00036,000,00021,633,308中国年安禄山の乱とも呼ばれる。第一次世界大戦+世界全体4年3ヶ月1週ティムールによる征服中央アジア、中東、南アジア年当時の世界人口の5%にまで及ぶ。日中戦争中華民國行政院賠償委員會 (1947年5月20日) (中国語), 中華民國行政賠償委員會在第四屆國民參政會第三次大會上的報告. 前揭1946年中華民國國防部調查國祥 (1995年3月). “關於抗日戰爭中我國軍民傷亡數字問題” (中国語). 抗日戰爭研究 (03期).太平洋戦争研究会、森山康平『図説 日中戦争』河出書房新社、2000年,p172解放軍軍事科学院軍歴史研究部、中国抗日戦争史・下巻中国年第二次世界大戦の一部。回民蜂起清年清も参照国共内戦中国年レコンキスタ7,000,0007,000,0007,000,000イベリア半島年一つの戦争とは考えられていない。ロシア内戦ロシア年 ロシア革命、List of civil warsも参照三十年戦争神聖ローマ帝国年 当初はカトリックとプロテスタントの宗教戦争であったが、ヨーロッパ全体の政治戦争となった。ヨーロッパの歴史の中で最も長く、最も破壊的な紛争の一つである。デカン戦争インド年ナポレオン戦争Charles Esdaile, Napoleon's Wars: An International History.ヨーロッパ、大西洋、太平洋、インド洋年Napoleonic Wars casualtiesも参照黄巾の乱中国年 三国時代の一部。第二次コンゴ戦争Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths," European Journal of Population (2005) 21: 145–66."Congo war-driven crisis kills 45,000 a month-study" – Reuters, 22 Jan 2008.コンゴ民主共和国年朝鮮戦争朝鮮半島年 冷戦の一部と分類される。現在休戦中。ユグノー戦争フランス年カトリックとユグノー（フランスのカルヴァン派プロテスタント）の間の大規模な宗教戦争。インド大反乱インド年百年戦争西ヨーロッパ年百年戦争の歴史 (1337-1360)、
Caroline War (1369–1389)、Lancastrian War (1415–1453)ベトナム戦争東南アジア年冷戦と第一次インドシナ戦争にあたる。十字軍パレスチナ、ヨーロッパ年 キリスト教勢力による中東への遠征。ビアフラ戦争ナイジェリア年内戦によるイボ人の民族浄化。ムフェカネ南アフリカ年Ndwandwe–Zulu Warポエニ戦争Nigel Bagnall., "The Punic Wars", June 23, 2005.地中海264 BC146 BC年 カルタゴ、共和政ローマも参照第二次スーダン内戦, U.S. Committee for Refugees, 2001. Archived December 10, 2004 on the Internet Archive. Retrieved April 10, 2007スーダン年第一次スーダン内戦秦の統一戦争中国 230 BC 221 BC年中国の歴史も参照Derk Bodde, China's First Unifier: A Study in the Ch'in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssu, 280? – 208 BC, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1967, pp. 5–6.Chris Peers estimates that 1,500,000 were killed before the last campaign in 230–221 BC, Warlords of China, 700 BC to AD 1662, London: Arms and Armour, 1998, pg. 59.文禄・慶長の役3,440,000朝鮮年七年戦争世界全体年ソ連・アフガン戦争アフガニスタン年 冷戦中の代理戦争とも言われる。
アフガニスタン紛争の一部。フランス革命戦争1,000,000世界全体年メキシコ革命メキシコ、アメリカ合衆国年 パンチョ・ビリャの蜂起とColumbus Raidを含む。イタリアによるアフリカの角の征服1,000,000アフリカの角年パンゼーの乱中国年清教徒革命876,000876,000876,000ブリテン諸島年メフメト2世による征服873,000 873,000873,000東ヨーロッパ年エチオピア内戦エチオピア年ユダヤ戦争ローマ帝国年ローマ帝国も参照南北戦争アメリカ合衆国南東部、ペンシルベニア州年アメリカ合衆国も参照アルジェリア戦争アルジェリア7年4ヶ月2週4 日スペイン継承戦争ヨーロッパ、北アメリカ、南アメリカ年スペイン内戦スペイン年八十年戦争ネーデルラント、南アメリカ、カリブ海、東アジア、東南アジア年ガリア戦争フランス 58 BC 50 BC年ローマ帝国も参照イラン・イラク戦争イラン・イラク国境年具体的な数値の根拠は(英語版)のnote2,3,4を参照イスパノアメリカ独立戦争600,000600,000600,000南北アメリカ年パラグアイ戦争Jurg Meister, Francisco Solano López Nationalheld oder Kriegsverbrecher?, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1987. 345, 355, 454–55Another estimate is that from the pre-war population of 1,337,437, the population fell to 221,709 (28,746 men, 106,254 women, 86,079 children) by the end of the war (War and the Breed, David Starr Jordan, pg. 164. Boston, 1915; Applied Genetics, Paul Popenoe, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1918)コーノ・スール年Military history of South America、
フランシスコ・ソラーノ・ロペス、

カシアス公爵ルイス・アルヴェス・デ・リマ・エ・シルヴァ1812年ロシア戦役540,000540,000540,000ロシア 5ヶ月, 2週6日ナポレオン戦争の一部。シリア内戦シリア 現在 8年イングランド内戦356,000735,000511,527イングランド年三王国戦争の一部。アンゴラ内戦504,158504,158504,158アンゴラ年第一次スーダン内戦500,000500,000500,000スーダン年対テロ戦争 世界全体 現在 18年イラク戦争、アフガニスタン紛争 (2001年-2021年)、ワジリスタン紛争を含む。米比戦争230,200Hack, Karl; Rettig, Tobias (2006). Colonial Armies in Southeast Asia (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia). Abingdon-on-Thames, United Kingdom: Routledge. . p.172Aguinaldo, E. (2016). A Second Look at America (Classic Reprint). Fb&c Limited. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-333-84114-0. Retrieved November 17, 2022.Ramsey, Robert D. III (2007). Savage Wars of Peace: Case Studies of Pacification in the Philippines, 1900–1902 (PDF). United States Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-16-078950-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2016. p.103Smallman-Raynor, Matthew; Cliff, Andrew D. (1998). "The Philippines insurrection and the 1902–4 cholera epidemic: Part I—Epidemiological diffusion processes in war". Journal of Historical Geography. 24 (1): 69–89. doi:10.1006/jhge.1997.0077.1,024,200485,562フィリピン年アルビジョア十字軍南フランス年第一次コンゴ戦争250,000800,000447,214ザイール年マラーター王国のベンガル侵攻400,000400,000400,000インド年第一次インドシナ戦争400,000400,000400,000東南アジア年単にインドシナ戦争とも呼ばれる。モザンビーク内戦175,500905,500397,540モザンビーク1975198714年飢餓による死者も含む継続戦争387,333387,333387,333北ヨーロッパ年第二次世界大戦の一部。ソマリア内戦300,000500,000387,298ソマリア 現在年クリミア戦争356,000410,000382,047クリミア半島年イラク戦争イラク年Casualties of the Iraq Warも参照
対テロ戦争の一部。第二次キューバ独立戦争362,000362,000362,000キューバ年大北方戦争350,000350,000350,000北ヨーロッパ、東ヨーロッパ年イタリア戦争300,000400,000346,410南ヨーロッパ年イタリア大戦争とも呼ばれる。サルスの戦い(英語版)302,300高句麗612612不明
(1年未満)高句麗・隋戦争の一部
左の死者数推定は、死傷者の合計を表しているアルジェリア侵略300,000300,000300,000アルジェリア年ブルンジ内戦300,000300,000300,000ブルンジ年ダルフール紛争178,258461,520286,827スーダン 現在年バングラデシュ独立戦争500,000東パキスタン年Bangladeshi Genocide casualtiesも参照第二次エチオピア戦争278,350278,350278,350エチオピア年パプア紛争150,000400,000244,949ニューギニア 現在年第一次キューバ独立戦争241,000241,000241,000キューバ年十年戦争とも呼ばれる。ベネズエラ独立戦争228,000228,000228,000ベネズエラ年イスパノアメリカ独立戦争の一部。ウガンダ内戦100,000500,000223,607ウガンダ年ルウェロ戦争とも呼ばれる。神の抵抗軍による反乱100,000500,000223,607中央アフリカ共和国 現在年仏蘭戦争220,000220,000220,000西ヨーロッパ年コロンビア内戦220,000220,000220,000コロンビア 現在年イラク・クルド紛争138,800320,100210,784イラク年スレイマン1世による遠征200,000200,000200,000東ヨーロッパ、中東、北アフリカ年フランス・スペイン戦争 (1635年-1659年)200,000200,000200,000西ヨーロッパ年カルリスタ戦争200,000200,000200,000スペイン年泰緬戦争 1765年ー67年200,000200,000200,000ミャンマー・タイ176517672ねん英語版も参照ローマによるブリテン島の征服
(英語版)130,000290,000194,165グレートブリテン島438441年ラ・ビオレンシア192,700194,700193,697コロンビア年ミャンマーにおける内部紛争130,000250,000180,278ミャンマー 現在年カリンガ戦争インド 262 BC 261 BC年冬戦争153,736194,837173,071フィンランド年第二次世界大戦の一部。ギリシャ内戦158,000158,000158,000ギリシャ年北イエメン内戦100,000200,000141,421イエメン年1991年のイラクにおける反乱85,000235,000141,333イラク 1ヶ月4日バルカン戦争140,000140,000140,000バルカン半島年英西戦争 (1585年-1604年)138,285138,285138,285ヨーロッパ、アメリカ年サン＝ドマング遠征135,000135,000135,000ハイチ年ユーゴスラビア紛争130,000140,000134,907バルカン半島年レバノン内戦120,000150,000134,164レバノン年シエラレオネ内戦50,000300,000122,474シエラレオネ年大トルコ戦争120,000120,000120,000東ヨーロッパ年千日戦争120,000120,000120,000コロンビア年モロ紛争120,000120,000120,000フィリピン 現在年中東戦争116,074116,074116,074中東 現在年メキシコ麻薬戦争106,800106,800106,800メキシコ 現在年アチェ戦争97,000107,000101,877インドネシア年インドネシアでは異教徒戦争とも呼ばれる。ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ紛争97,214104,732100,903ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ年ユーゴスラビア紛争の一部。ドイツ農民戦争100,000100,000100,000ドイツ年トルコ・クルド紛争100,000100,000100,000中東 現在年コンゴ動乱100,000100,000100,000コンゴ共和国年ラオスにおける内乱100,000100,000100,000ラオス年キヴ紛争100,000100,000100,000コンゴ民主共和国 現在年第二次コンゴ戦争の一部。カシミール紛争80,000110,00093,808北インド、パキスタン 現在年アルジェリア内戦44,000200,00093,808アルジェリア年アンゴラ独立戦争82,991102,99192,452アンゴラ年スリランカ内戦80,000100,00089,443スリランカ年ポロ作戦29,212242,21284,116インド 5日ハイダラーバード併合とも呼ばれる。湾岸戦争25,376＋55,376＋37,486＋中東19901991半年イラク兵
20,000-50,000 
イラク民間人
3,664
連合軍
292
クウェート兵
420
クウェート民間人
1,000＋

 戦争犯罪・虐殺 
ここでは軍事組織によって引き起こされた非戦闘員の死者数の一覧を載せる。特定の民族、宗教、政治的グループをターゲットにしたものに限ることなく、一般市民の生命を軽視した軍事戦略や残虐行為について記述する。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考第二次世界大戦世界全体193919456 years第二次世界大戦の犠牲者も参照三光作戦中国194019422 years1996年に発表された研究の中で、歴史家の姫田光義は、大日本帝国陸軍の対中焦土政策である「三光作戦」は、昭和天皇の認可のもとに実施されたものであり、間接的なものも含めると「270万人以上」の中国の民間人の死亡につながったと主張している。Bix, Herbert Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, New York, Perennial, 2001 page 365国共内戦Valentino, Benjamin A. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, Cornell University Press, page 88, December 8, 2005.中国1927195023 years戦争中、国民政府軍と中国共産党の両方が大規模な残虐行為を行い、何百万人もの非戦闘員が双方によって意図的に殺害された。Rummel, Rudolph (1994), Death by Government.第一次・第二次スーダン内戦スーダン1956200549 yearsソ連・アフガン戦争アフガニスタン1979198910 yearsソ連侵攻時の民間人の大量殺人はジェノサイドとされることもあるが、政治的な整合性に基づいた殺害であるためpoliticideに分類される。Noor Ahmad Khalidi, "Afghanistan: Demographic Consequences of War: 1978–87," Central Asian Survey, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 101–126, 1991.Marek Sliwiński, "Afghanistan: The Decimation of a People", Orbis (Winter, 1989), pg. 39.張献忠の戦争犯罪 from J.B. Parsons, The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty (University of Arizona Press), 1970.中国・四川省164416462 yearsCommitted during a bloody peasant revolt that massacred a large portion of Sichuan's population.軍閥時代中国1900192727 yearsバグダードの戦い後のモンゴルによる虐殺Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol 2 (Brill, 2002), pg. 13. The different aspects of Islamic culture: Science and technology in Islam, Vol.4, Ed. A. Y. Al-Hassan, (Dergham sarl, 2001), pg. 655.バグダードJanuary 29, 1258February 10, 125812 daysMass slaughter of civilians by the Mongols in Baghdad. Considered to be the end of the "Islamic Golden Age."アンゴラ内戦アンゴラ1975200227 yearsThe 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – 1975–91, 1992–94, and 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions.第二次世界大戦中の大日本帝国陸軍による生物兵器と人体実験 ロシアと中国の一部。
特に満州。 19311945 14 yearsSee also: Unit 731 and the Asian Holocaust.マラーター王国のベンガル侵攻における戦争犯罪インド 1741 175110 yearsMaratha Empire invaded Bengal Subah, occupied the western Bengal and Bihar regions, and perpetrated atrocities against the local population.ラ・ビオレンシアコロンビア1948195810 yearsLa Violencia was a ten-year period of civil war and violence in Colombia from 1948–58, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, fought mainly in the rural countryside.Death toll may include non-civilian victims.米比戦争フィリピン189919023 yearsマニラ大虐殺フィリピン・マニラ1 monthコロンビア内戦コロンビア1964present54 years第二次エチオピア戦争エチオピア193519416 yearsAngelo Del Boca, The Ethiopian War 1935–1941 (1965), cites a 1945 memorandum from Ethiopia to the Conference of Prime Ministers, which tallies 760,300 natives dead; of them: battle deaths: 275,000, hunger among refugees: 300,000, patriots killed during occupation: 78,500, concentration camps: 35,000, Feb. 1937 massacre: 30,000, executions: 24,000, civilians killed by air force: 17,800.ヴァンデの反乱Donald Greer, The Terror, a Statistical Interpretation, Cambridge (1935)Reynald Secher, La Vendée-Vengé, le Génocide franco-français (1986)Jean-Clément Martin, La Vendée et la France, Éditions du Seuil, collection Points, 1987 he gives the highest estimate of the civil war, including republican losses and premature death. However, he does not consider it as a genocide.Jacques Hussenet (dir.), "Détruisez la Vendée! "Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007, p.148.フランス革命中のフランス3 years Described as genocide by some historians, but this claim has been widely discounted. See also: French Revolution.第一次・第二次チェチェン紛争チェチェン1994200915 yearsWhat justice for Chechnya's disappeared? , AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, May 23, 2007.Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero' , Life Style Extra, November 27, 2006.
Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya Russian-Chechen Friendship Society, 2003.イラン・イラク戦争イランとイラク198019888 years11,000 to 100,000 civilians killed on both sides, plus 50 to 182 killed in Kurdish Genocide.ジエム時代とベトナム戦争における南ベトナムによる戦争犯罪ベトナム1954197521 yearsRummel, Rudolph, "Statistics of Vietnamese Democide", Statistics of Democide, 1997.シリア内戦110,218シリア2011present7 yearsSee also: List of massacres during the Syrian Civil Warベトコンの戦争犯罪Rummel, Rudolph (1997), Statistics of Vietnamese Democide, in his Statistics of Democide, Table 6.1A, line 467 & Table 6.1B, lines 675, 730, 749–51.ベトナム1955197520 yearsSecond Italo-Senussi Warリビア192319329 yearsSpecific war crimes alleged to have been committed by the Italian armed forces against civilians include deliberate bombing of civilians, killing unarmed children, women, and the elderly; rape and disembowelment of women; throwing prisoners out of aircraft to their death, running over others with tanks, regular daily executions of civilians in some areas, and bombing tribal villages with mustard gas bombs, beginning in 1930.神の抵抗軍の戦争犯罪ウガンダ、中央アフリカ共和国、コンゴ民主共和国1986200923 yearsThe Guardian reported in 2015 that Kony's forces had been responsible for the deaths of over 100,000 people and the kidnapping of at least 60,000 children. Various atrocities committed include raping young girls and abducting them for use as sex slaves.民族イスラーム戦線の戦争犯罪スーダン1964199935 yearsAlleged human rights abuses by the NIF regime included war crimes, ethnic cleansing, a revival of slavery, torture of opponents, and an unprecedented number of refugees fleeing into Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea, Egypt, Europe and North America.パプア紛争"WestPapuaFinal">西パプア1963present55 yearsSince Indonesia has taken control of West Papua in 1963, the population of West Papua has recorded more than 100,000 unnatural deaths. The administration of West Papua has been called a police state.カシミール紛争インド
ジャンムー・カシミール州1947present71 yearsSee also: Human Rights Abuses in Jammu and Kashmir, Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir南京事件Yoshiaki Itakura, 本当はこうだった南京事件 (Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Kankokai, 1999), 11.(全て)(市民)(全て)Masaaki Tanaka, What Really Happened In Nanking: The Refutation of a Common Myth (Tokyo: Sekai Shuppan, 2000), pg. 64.(市民)(全て)(市民)中国 南京1 year The Nanking Massacre, commonly known as the Rape of Nanking, was a war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing, then capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on December 13, 1937.See: Death toll of the Nanking Massacre. ペルー内戦 [see notes][see notes][see notes]ペルー20 yearsIn the late 20th century, the Peruvian government (armed forces and civil rondas) fought against communist terrorists in Peru. The principal actors in the war were the Communist Party of Peru or "Shining Path" and the government of Peru; the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement was also involved and other paramilitary entities. Peru's Truth and Reconciliation Commission reached a figure of approx. 68,784 deaths and disappearances, of which 54% were ascribed to Shining Path, 1.5% to Tupac Amaru and 37% to State officials, who were also responsible for 83% of reported cases of sexual violence, and systematic use of torture. An academic research published in 2019 contests the Commission's methodology, reaching a total figure of approx. 47,849, of which 27,872 were victims of State officials, 18,341 of the Shining Path, and 1,636 by all other actors.シェイフ・サイードの反乱15,000
20,00040,000
250,00024,495
70,711トルコ192519251 monthThe Sheikh Said Rebellion was a rebellion to revive the Islamic Caliphate System, and used elements of Kurdish nationalism for recruiting. It was led by Sheikh Said and a group of former Ottoman soldiers, known as Hamidiye soldiers. The rebellion was of two Kurdish groups, the Zaza people and the speakers of the related Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish: it "was led specifically by the Zaza population and received almost full support in the entire Zaza region and some of the neighbouring Kurmanji-dominated regions".ISILイラク、シリア、アフガニスタン、リビア、フィリピン、ナイジェリアの他にも世界全体で散発的にテロが発生2014present7 yearsISIS has existed as an active terrorist organization in one form or another since at least 2003. Many tens of thousands of casualties in the Iraqi wars of the 21st century can be attributed to them and their parent organizations. See also the death tolls from 2014 onwards in International military intervention against ISILスリランカ内戦Australian Broadcasting Commission 4 Corners . Retrieved July 4, 2011.スリランカ1983200926 yearsThere are allegations that war crimes were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians trapped in the war zone; and child recruitment by the Tamil Tigers.テッサロニキ攻略(904)東ローマ帝国? The sack of the second city of the Byzantine Empire by a Muslim fleet under the command of Leo of Tripoli. In addition to the thousands killed, the Saracen fleet also took 20,000 Greek slaves.イラン・イラク戦争中のイランによる少年兵の使用イラン198019888 years3% of two to six hundred thousand casualties.Hammond Atlas of the 20th Century (1999) P. 134-5Dunnigan, A Quick and Dirty Guide to War (1991)Jan Palmowski, Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History (Oxford, 1997)Clodfelter, Michael, Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991Chirot, Daniel: Modern Tyrants: the power and prevalence of evil in our age (1994)"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997), pg. 195.アルジェリア内戦中の虐殺アルジェリア1991200211 years"An Anatomy of the Massacres", Ait-Larbi, Ait-Belkacem, Belaid, Nait-Redjam, and Soltani, in An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres, ed. Bedjaoui, Aroua, and Ait-Larbi, Hoggar: Geneva 1999."Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria" , Stathis N. Kalyvas, Rationality and Society, Vol. 11, No. 3, 243–85 (1999)シリア内戦におけるロシア軍の介入 シリアSeptember 2015present4 years See also: Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War.バローチースターンでの紛争パキスタン
バローチスターン州1937present81 yearsアメリカ同時多発テロ事件アメリカ合衆国September 11, 2001September 11, 20011 dayドンバスにおける内戦ウクライナ
ドンバス2014present4 yearsHumanitarian Bulletin Ukraine Issue 11" (PDF), OHCHR, July 9, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2018.サブラー・シャティーラ事件レバノン・西ベイルートSeptember 16, 1982September 18, 19822 daysMassacre of a Palestinian refugee camp by Lebanese Christians.ピロー砦の戦いローダーデール郡 (テネシー州)April 12, 1864April 12, 18641 dayDeath toll includes both U.S. and Confederate dead. U.S. dead includes those both killed in combat and murdered by the Confederates afterwards.ローレンスの虐殺ダグラス郡 (カンザス州)August 21, 1863August 21, 18631 dayDeath toll includes both U.S. and Confederate dead. Deadliest terrorist attack in U.S. history until the Oklahoma City bombing of 1995.

 ジェノサイド・民族浄化・迫害 

ここでは人種、宗教、民族に基づいて行われた大量虐殺（または強制移住によって引き起こされた死亡）について一覧を載せている。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考東部総合計画ナチス・ドイツ占領下のヨーロッパとロシア193919456 yearsナチス・ドイツによるスラブ民族とソビエト連邦市民の絶滅政策。
数字は、数値は故意の大量虐殺と民間戦争の犠牲者の両方の合計。アメリカ先住民虐殺(mostly by disease)南北アメリカ14921996504 yearsアメリカ先住民の虐殺の総死亡者数はまだ完全には把握されていないが、多くのアメリカ先住民が死亡した。
強制労働、戦争、および虐殺により数千から数百万人が殺害されている。 南北アメリカで懸賞金のため殺害されたアパッチの数は不明。

参照：アメリカの植民地化、エンコミエンダ制、メキシコ先住民戦争、インド虐殺のリストホロドモールKUROMIYA Hiroaki, Stalin: Profiles In Power、Routledge、2005, p103, ネイマーク『スターリンのジェノサイド』第四章原注(2):p.xviコンクエスト『悲しみの収穫』恵雅堂出版、2007年、, p495-509ソ連193219331 year「ホロドモール」は一般に人為的な飢饉を指す。 現地在住のウクライナ人が所持する穀物の量や民族移動を制限した。
この用語には、大粛清、正教会との間のウクライナの知識層の殺害も含まれる。

提唱はジェノサイドとという言葉を生んだラファエル・レムキン。

一部の学者は、飢饉がソビエト政府によって意図的に設計されたものであるか、それが大量虐殺であったと主張している。Oleh Wolowyna, Serhii Plokhy, Nataliia Levchuk, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Alla Kovbasiuk, Pavlo Shevchuk, Regional variations of 1932–34 famine losses in Ukraine,Canadian Studies in Population43, no. 3–4 (2016): 175–202.中井和夫他『ポーランド・ウクライナ・バルト史』栗生沢猛夫『図説　ロシアの歴史』2010年（2014年増補）, p.131-134.『世界歴史体系　ロシア史3』山川出版社、1997年、p.201-206.ティモシー・スナイダー『ブラッドランド　上』p82-93, 100-112.ヴィクトル・コンドラーシン,2006,p495-503ホロコーストReitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945, New York: Beechhurst Press. Review by Friedman, Philip (1954). "Review of The Final Solution". Jewish Social Studies 16 (2): 186–89. . See also a review by Hyamson, Albert M. (1953). "Review of The Final Solution". International Affairs 29 (4): 494–95. "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?". Yad Vashem. (FAQs about the Holocaust)."The Holocaust: Tracing Lost Family Members". JVL. Retrieved November 2013.ナチス・ドイツ占領下のヨーロッパ194119454 yearsドイツとドイツ植民地におけるユダヤ人の組織的な大量虐殺。ポーランド人に対するナチスの犯罪ポーランド194119454 yearsGenocide of Christian Poles during the invasion of Poland by Germany.三光作戦中国194019422 yearsIn a study published in 1996, historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta claims that the Three Alls Policy, a scorched earth policy implemented by the Imperial Japanese Army on China, sanctioned by Emperor Hirohito himself, was both directly and indirectly responsible for the deaths of "more than 2.7 million" Chinese civilians.– Part of the Japanese war crimesカンボジア大虐殺Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia". In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.カンボジア197519794 yearsDeaths due to arbitrary torture, execution, starvation, and forced labor among the population of Cambodia under the rule of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, including both killings of ethnic Khmer (the majority ethnic group) as well as a genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge.
Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the Killing Fields.Samuel Totten argues the mass killings were committed by fellow Khmer, and the Khmer were killed more in proportion to their population than other victims of the Khmer Rouge, making it more of a politicide.

These killings have been described as autogenocide or civil genocide.

According to Samuel Totten  ethnic Khmers were killed.ルワンダ虐殺とブルンジ虐殺ブルンジ、ルワンダ、ザイール1959199738 yearsCombined death toll of all genocides and other massacres between the Hutus and the Tutsis.
Regarded as the most efficient genocide of the 20th century, the Rwandan genocide was the disorganized communal mass murder of Tutsis, by their rival tribe the Hutu through the Rwandan government and Hutu Power militias such as the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi.

Violence peaked in the hundred days between April 7, 1994 and July 15, 1994, during which time between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people were killed.ソ連による強制移住ソビエト連邦1920195131 yearsMay include casualties of decossackization.ドイツ人追放 東ヨーロッパ 1944 19506 yearsBoth direct and indirect deaths of ethnic German civilians and POWs during the redrawing of national borders after World War II.カザフスタンの飢饉カザフスタン193219331 year– Part of the Soviet famine of 1932–33アルメニア人虐殺オスマン帝国191419184 yearsThe first genocide of the 20th century to kill over 1,000,000 people, this event was conducted by the Young Turks government of the Ottoman Empire under the administration of Talaat Pasha, Enver Pasha and Djemal Pasha.ハザーラ人の迫害 アフガニスタン188818935 yearsOver 60% of the Hazara population were either massacred or displaced in Abdur Rahman Khan's crackdown of the Hazaras.土客械闘中国1850186717 yearsAfter the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom the Qing government cracked down on the Hakka ethnic group for allying with the kingdom slaughtering 30,000 per day. The death toll of the Punti-Hakka Clan Wars is estimated to be 1,000,000 and there was also a mass execution done during the Taiping Rebellion. It is unclear whether these events refer to the Qing crackdown. If this death toll is applied to the estimated death rate, the massacre likely took place over the course of a month.Purcell, Victor. China. London: Ernest Benn, 1962. pg. 167Quoted in ibid., pg. 239.Chesneaux, Jean. Peasant Revolts in China, 1840–1949. Translated by C. A. Curwen. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973. pg. 40フランスのアルジェリア征服アルジェリア1827187548 yearsWithin the first three decades, the French military massacred between half a million to one million from approximately three million Algerian people.インド・パキスタン分離独立インド1947195710 yearsIn the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between Hindus and Muslims.D'Costa, Bina (2011). Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia, Routledge. pg. 53; Sikand, Yoginder (2004). Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations, Routledge. pg. 5; Butalia, Urvashi (2000). The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India, Duke University Press.ジュンガル虐殺ジュンガル175517583 yearsThe mass extermination of Dzungar Mongols by the Qing dynasty under the order of the Qianlong Emperor.日本本土空襲241,000900,000465,725日本194219453yearsギリシア人虐殺オスマン帝国191319229 yearsViolent ethnic cleansing of Greeks from their historical homeland of Anatolia.クロアチア独立国におけるセルビア人虐殺クロアチア独立国194119454 yearsGenocide of Serbs by the Ustaše government of the Independent State of Croatiaチェルケス人虐殺チェルケシア 1864 18673 years Deaths from mass expulsion of Circassians after Russian conquest.アルビジョア十字軍ラングドック（フランス）1209122920 yearsRaphael Lemkin, well known as the coiner of the term "genocide", referred to the Albigensian Crusade as "one of the most conclusive cases of genocide in religious history".ソ連によるポーランド人殺害ソビエト連邦、ポーランド193719469 yearsTomasz Szarota & Wojciech Materski (2009), Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami, Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance;  (Excerpt reproduced in digital form).ブラジルにおける先住民虐殺ブラジル1900198585 years – Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americasチベットの占領Smith 1997, pp. 600–01 n. 8"Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts". , The Department of Information and International Relations: Central Tibetan Administration, 1996. pg. 53チベット1950present68 yearsIn 1960, the western-based nongovernmental International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) gave a report titled Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic to the United Nations. The report was prepared by the ICJ's Legal Inquiry Committee, composed of eleven international lawyers from around the world. This report accused the Chinese of the crime of genocide in Tibet, after nine years of full occupation, six years before the devastation of the cultural revolution began. The ICJ also documented accounts of massacres, tortures and killings, bombardment of monasteries, and extermination of whole nomad camps. Declassified Soviet archives provides data that Chinese communists, who received a great assistance in military equipment from the Soviets, broadly used Soviet aircraft for bombing monasteries and other punitive operations in Tibet.Kuzmin, S.L. Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation. Dharamsala, LTWA, 2011.第三次ポエニ戦争チュニジア
(カルタゴ)149 BC146 BC3 yearsThis war was a much smaller engagement than the two previous Punic Wars and focused on Tunisia, mainly on the Siege of Carthage, which resulted in the complete destruction of the city, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population. The Third Punic War ended Carthage's independent existence.ポライモス（ロマ虐殺）ナチス占領下のヨーロッパ194119454 yearsThe genocide of Romani by Nazi Germany and its puppet states.1971年のバングラデシュにおける虐殺26,000東パキスタンMarch 21, 1971December 16, 19718 months, 2 weeks and 3 daysSee also: Bangladesh Liberation War, Operation Searchlight, List of massacres in Bangladesh, Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation Warクメール・ルージュによる中国人虐殺カンボジア197519794 yearsMore than half of the Chinese population of Cambodia were slaughtered by the Khmer Rouge.– Part of the Cambodian genocideアッシリア人虐殺オスマン帝国191419206 yearsOne of the various genocides and ethnic cleansings the Ottoman Empire committed under the administration of the Young Turks.クメール・ルージュによるカンボジア虐殺Hannum, Hurst (1989). "International Law and Cambodian Genocide: The Sounds of Silence", Human Rights Quarterly (Johns Hopkins University Press) 11 (1): 82–138. . .カンボジア197519794 yearsThe genocide slaughtered over 70% of the Cham Muslim population in Cambodia according to themselves.
According to Ben Kiernan, Cham were subjected to the most brutal treatment of those persecuted by the Khmer Rouge and subjected to the slaughter of 36% of their population according to Samuel Totten.

– Part of the Cambodian genocide第一次コンゴ戦争におけるフツ難民の虐殺CDI: The Center for Defense Information, The Defense Monitor, "The World At War: January 1, 1998".ザイール199619971 yearDuring the First Congo War, Rwanda was able to destroy refugee camps, which the génocidaires had been using as their safe-bases, and forcibly repatriate Tutsi to Rwanda. During this process, Rwandan and aligned forces committed multiple atrocities, mainly against Hutu refugees. The true extent of the abuses is unknown because the AFDL and RPF carefully managed NGO and press access to areas where atrocities were thought to have occurred;Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. pg. 100 however, Amnesty International claimed as many as 200,000 Rwandese Hutu refugees were massacred by them and the Rwandan Defence Forces and aligned forces."Democratic Republic of Congo. An long-standing crisis spinning out of control". . Amnesty International, September 3, 1998, pg. 9. AI Index: AFR 62/33/98. The United Nations similarly documented mass killings of civilians by Rwandan, Ugandan and the ADFL soldiers in the DRC Mapping Exercise Report.Extermination of the 五胡中国北部3503511 yearAncient Chinese texts record that General 
冉閔ordered the extermination of the Wu Hu, especially the Jie people, during the Wei–Jie war in the fourth century AD. People with racial characteristics such as high-bridged noses and bushy beards were killed; in total, 200,000 were reportedly massacred.《晉書·卷一百七》 Jin Shu Original text 閔躬率趙人誅諸胡羯，無貴賤男女少長皆斬之，死者二十余萬，屍諸城外，悉為野犬豺狼所食。屯據四方者，所在承閔書誅之，于時高鼻多須至有濫死者半。クロムウェルのアイルランド侵略アイルランド164916534 yearsThe Parliamentarian reconquest of Ireland was brutal, and Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland.John Morley, Biography of Oliver Cromwell, p. 298. published 1900 and 2001;  "Cromwell is still a hate figure in Ireland today because of the brutal effectiveness of his campaigns in Ireland. Of course, his victories in Ireland made him a hero in Protestant England."  British National Archives web site. Retrieved March 2007;  From a history site dedicated to the English Civil War. "... making Cromwell's name into one of the most hated in Irish history". Retrieved March 2007.  The extent to which Cromwell, who was in direct command for the first year of the campaign, was responsible for the atrocities is debated to this day. Some historiansPhilip McKeiver in his 2007 work, A New History of Cromwell's Irish Campaign  and Tom Reilly, 1999, Cromwell: An Honourable Enemy;  argue that the actions of Cromwell were within the then-accepted rules of war, or were exaggerated or distorted by later propagandists. These arguments, in turn, have been challenged by others.Caste War of Yucatánユカタン半島, メキシコ1847190154 yearsThe Caste War of Yucatán against the population of European descent, called Yucatecos, who held political and economic control of the region. Adam Jones wrote, "Genocidal atrocities on both sides cost up to 200,000 killed."– Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasGreat Famine of Mount Lebanonレバノン山脈191519183 yearsOne of the various genocides and ethnic cleansings the Ottoman Empire committed under the administration of the Young Turks.Destruction of Kurdish villages during the Iraqi Arabization campaignイラク1977199114 years This including: 2,500Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.
https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF row 1313 and 1314
1,000,000 and 10,000 to 2,000,000 and 100,000 Kurds were displaced and killed respectively between 1963 and 1987; 250,000 of them in 1977 and 1978. If deaths are proportional to the displacement then 2,500 to 12,500 Kurds would of died during this period depending on the scale of overall displacement and deaths used. to 12,500 in the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq
10,000 to 25,000 were killed during the Feyli Kurds operation 

5,000 to 8,000 Kurds were disappeared in the 1983 Barzani killings 

50,000GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch, 1993 to 100,000 (although Kurdish sources have cited a higher figure of 182,000) more Kurds were massacred in the Anfal genocide 

20,000+ were killed during the 1991 Iraqi uprising 

notwithstanding an additional 48,4001,000 deaths per day in April, May and June along Turkish border
a - "Iraqi Deaths from the Gulf War as of April 1992," Greenpeace, Washington, D.C. See also "Aftermath of War: The Persian Gulf War Refugee Crisis," Staff Report to the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, May 20, 1991. The figure of nearly 1,000 deaths per day is also given in "Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein," Staff Report to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, November 1991, p.14. 
"hundreds" (100 to 900?) died per day along Iranian border 
b - Kurdish Refugees Straggle Into Iran, Followed By Tragedy, Associated Press, Apr 13, 1991
1,100 to 1,900 (a  + b) deaths per day from at least April 13th (b) up to between May 1st and May 31st (a ); which suggests 44 to 74 days:
1,100(44)=  48,400
1,900(74)= 140,600
Routine calculations
Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates. to 140,600 Kurdish refugees that starved to death along the Iranian and Turkish borders. ダルフール虐殺ダルフール, スーダン2003present15 yearsThe War in Darfur is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president Omar al-Bashir for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court.Polish Operation of the NKVDソビエト連邦193719381 yearThe operation from 1937 to 1938 to eliminate the Polish minority in the Soviet Union.Deportation of the Chechens and Ingushソビエト連邦February 1944March 19441 monthExpulsion of the whole of the Vainakh (Chechen and Ingush) populations of the North Caucasus to Central Asia.Hamidian Massacresオスマン帝国189418962 yearsMass murder of Armenian (and other Christian) civilians under Sultan Abdul Hamid II that foreshadowed the Armenian Genocide.Indonesian occupation of East TimorDefert, Gabriel, Timor Est le Genocide Oublié, L'Hartman, 1992.東ティモール25 years The civilian deaths under the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, including killings, disappearances, and deaths caused by conflict-related hunger and illness, resulted in an enormous proportional loss of life upon the island some estimating as high as 13% up to almost a third to almost 44% of the population.Asia Watch, Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor, Human Rights Watch, New York, 1989, p. 253Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern GaliciaThe Reconstruction of Nations, 2004W kręgu Łun w Bieszczadach, 2009, page 13Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pp. 447–448Terles in Ethnic Cleansing, p. 61Czesław Partacz, Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946Lucyna Kulińska "Dzieci Kresów III", Kraków 2009, p. 467Józef Turowski, Władysław Siemaszko: Zbrodnie nacjonalistów ukraińskich dokonane na ludności polskiej na Wołyniu 1939–1945. Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Środowisko Żołnierzy 27 Wołyńskiej Dywizji Armii Krajowej w Warszawie, 1990
Hochspringen ↑ Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko [2000]: Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939–1945. Borowiecky, Warszawa 2000; , S. 1056.ヴォルィーニEastern Galicia194319441 yearGenocideW świetle przedstawionych wyżej ustaleń nie ulega wątpliwości, że zbrodnie, których dopuszczono się wobec ludności narodowości polskiej, noszą charakter niepodlegających przedawnieniu zbrodni ludobójstwa. – Piotr Zając, Prześladowania ludności narodowości polskiej na terenie Wołynia w latach 1939–1945 – ocena karnoprawna zdarzeń w oparciu o ustalenia śledztwa OKŚZpNP w Lublinie, [in:] Zbrodnie przeszłości. Opracowania i materiały prokuratorów IPN, t. 2: Ludobójstwo, red. Radosław Ignatiew, Antoni Kura, Warszawa 2008, pp. 34–49 of Polish civilian population in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).Timothy Snyder "A fascist hero in democratic Kiev", New York Review of Books, February 24, 2010.Keith Darden, Resisting Occupation: Lessons from a Natural Experiment in Carpathian Ukraine, pg. 5, Yale University, October 2, 2008.J.P. Himka, "Interventions: Challenging the Myths of Twentieth-Century Ukrainian history", University of Alberta, March 28, 2011, pg. 4Grzegorz Motyka, "Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła",. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947, Kraków (2011), pg. 447Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations. Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999, Yale University Press. 2003. pp. 170, 1761972 Genocide of Burundian Hutusブルンジ19721972?Communal mass murder of Hutus by their rival tribe the Tutsi in Burundi.
– Part of the Rwandan and Burundian genocidesAnti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empireロシア帝国1903–19061917–192219 yearsThe massacres of Jews in the Russian Empire reached their peak in the early 20th century, through the killing of thousands from 1903 to 1906Weinberg, Robert. The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps. 1993, pg. 164. and tens to hundreds of thousands from 1917 to 1922.Kurdish Rebellions in Turkeyトルコ1921present97 yearsAll casualties from the various Kurdish uprisings against the Turkish state.
 7,594Lundgren, Asa (2007). The unwelcome neighbour: Turkey's Kurdish policy. London: Tauris & Co., pg. 44. to 40,000:McDowall, David (2007). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: Tauris & Co. pp. 207–08.Dersim rebellion
 15,000Vera Eccarius-Kelly, The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom, pg. 86, 2010. to 250,000:Sheikh Said rebellion
 6,741 to 20,000:Modern Turk-Kurd conflict
 4,500 to 47,000:Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, pg. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" , Taraf, October 23, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2010.M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997; , pg. 105."Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."Ararat rebellionDeportation of the Crimean Tatarsソビエト連邦194419451 yearOften considered an ethnic cleansing, and Ukraine considers the event genocide.Massacres of European colonists during the rebellions of Túpac Amaru II and Túpac Katariペルー178017822 yearsThe indigenous rebellions of Túpac Amaru II and Túpac Katari against the Spanish between 1780 and 1782, cost over 100,000 colonists' lives in Peru and Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia).Spanish repressions of Dutch Protestantsネーデルラント1566160943 years100,000 massacred under Charles V and Philip II during the Eighty Years' War.Al-Anfal genocideイラク198619893 yearsThe Kurdish genocide led by Ali Hassan al-Majid under the order of Saddam Hussein.Atrocities against Harkis after the Algerian Warアルジェリア1962??The Harkis were seen as traitors by many Algerians, and many of those who stayed behind suffered severe reprisals after independence. French historians estimate that somewhere between 50,000 and 150,000 Harkis and members of their families were killed by the FLN or by lynch mobs in Algeria, often in atrocious circumstances or after torture.T4作戦ナチス・ドイツ193919412 yearsA euthanasia program in Nazi Germany used to purge those deemed genetically deficient.Italian Pacification of Libyaリビア192319329 yearsグアテマラ虐殺グアテマラ1960199636 yearsAccording to the Historical Clarification Commission, 140,000 to 200,000 were killed or disappeared, and at least 42,275 were killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War, of which 93% were from officially sanctioned government terror and 83% of the victims were Maya.
– Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasRacial violence during the Rwandan Revolution50,000 Hutus and tens of thousands of Tutsisブルンジ、ルワンダ195919623 yearsIndian annexation of Hyderabadニザーム王国, インド194819485 daysDecossackizationFutoryansky L.I. (2003). Cossacks in the flames of the civil war in Russia (1918−1920). Orenburg: GOU OGU. p. 474.Reshetnikov L.P. (2014). Return to Russia. The third way, or dead ends of hopelessness. M .: FIV. p. 119.Former Russian Empire1917193316 yearsViolent class purge, ethnic cleansing, and mass murder of Cossacks, especially Kuban and Don Cossacks, by the Bolsheviks.Effacer le tableauコンゴ民主共和国199820035 yearsPygmy peoples were murdered en masse as they were regarded as subhumans.ヘレロ・ナマクア虐殺ドイツ領南西アフリカ190419073 yearsGenocides of the Herero and Nama peoples by the German Empire during the Herero Wars.Ethnic cleansing and genocide committed by all sides during the Yugoslav Warsユーゴスラビア1991200110 yearsAll civilians killed in the Yugoslav Wars including events such as the Srebrenica Massacre, Žepa Massacre, Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing, and other atrocities.
69.8% to 82% of civilian victims of the Bosnian War were Bosniak. During the War in Croatia, 43.4% of the killed on the Croatian side were civilians.
 34,764 to 40,330:Bosnian War
 10,844*Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation" (PDF), balkaninsight.com. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
 "Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing", hlc-rdc.org. Retrieved May 6, 2012. to 14,661:Kosovo War
 7,158* Srpske žrtve rata i poraća na području Hrvatske i bivše RSK 1990. – 1998. godine", Veritas. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
 Martić Witness Details Croatian War Casualties", Global Voices BALKANS. Retrieved April 13, 2006.
 Marko Attila Hoare, "Genocide in Bosnia and the failure of international justice" (PDF), Kingston University (UK), April 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2011. to 9,836:Croatian War of Independence
 90:*"Dëshmorët e Ushtrisë Çlirimtare Kombëtare", shkruar nga Xhemal Selimi. Tanusha 2001. February 15, 2011.
 Bender, Kristof (2013). "How the U.S. and EU Stopped a War and Nobody Noticed: The Containment of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power". In Berdal, Mats; Zaum, Dominik. Political Economy of Statebuilding: Power After Peace. London: Routledge. pg. 341; 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedoniaアメリカ合衆国のインディアン戦争アメリカ合衆国15111890389 yearsFrom the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894): "The Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white people, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the given ... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate ..." Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas. Massacres of Polish civilians during the Warsaw UprisingLukas, Richard C. (2012). The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944. Hippocrene Books. p. 197. .Walter Laqueur & Judith Tydor Baumel (2001). "Dirlewanger, Oskar". The Holocaust Encyclopedia, Yale University Press (pg. 150), . Retrieved June 24, 2012.ポーランドAugust 5, 1944 August 12, 19441 week Polish fatalities in districts of Wola and Ochota committed during Warsaw Uprising1993 Genocide of Burundian Tutsisブルンジ19931993?Communal mass murder of Tutsis by their rival tribe the Hutu in Burundi.
– Part of the Rwandan and Burundian genocides近世の魔女裁判ヨーロッパ14001800300 yearsBritish concentration camps during the Second Boer Warトランスヴァール共和国190019022 yearsLord Kitchener led the British army against the Boer Republics in the Second Boer War in Southern Africa. In an attempt to pacify Boer guerrillas, he targeted their families, and 116,000 Boer women and children were captured and jailed by the British, Within 2 years, 22,074 children died and 4,177 women died due to deliberate neglect by the British. 115,000 black people were separately jailed, of whom 15,000 died in prison camps.Great Fire of SmyrnaNaimark, Norman M. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 2002, pg. 52., pg. 233.Naimark. Fires of Hatred, pp. 47–52.イズミル, オスマン帝国September 9, 1922September 24, 192215 days Fires set during attacks on Greeks and Armenians by Turkish mobs and military forces in Smyrna at the end of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).
The violence and fires resulted in the destruction of the Greek and Armenian portions of the city and the massacre of their populations.

After the attacks, 30,000 Greek and Armenian men left behind were deported by Turkish forces, many of whom were subsequently killed.Massacres of Kyrgyz people during the Central Asian revolt of 1916キルギス191619167 monthsIn 1916, there was an uprising and crackdown of Kyrgyzstanis against and by Tsarist Russia in what is now known as the Urkun.
A public commission in Kyrgyzstan called the crackdown of 1916 that killed 100,000 to 270,000 Kyrgyzstanis a genocidethough Russia rejected this characterization.

Russian sources put the death toll at 3,000.Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at SeringapatamCanara1784179915 yearsA 15-year imprisonment of Mangalorean Catholics and other Christians at Seringapatam in the Indian region of Canara by Tipu Sultan, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore.1988 Burundian massacre of Hutusブルンジ19881988?– Part of the Rwandan and Burundian genocidesParsley massacreドミニカ共和国October 2, 1937October 8, 19376 daysGenocidal massacre of people who say  (Spanish: "parsley") in a French accent in order to determine if they are Afro-Haitian or Afro-Dominican.Australian frontier warsオーストラリア17881934146 yearsWars between Indigenous Australians and settlers in which about 20,000 aboriginal were massacred, along with two to 2,500 settlers dying in combat.See also: List of massacres of Indigenous AustraliansEthnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhaziaアブハジア、ジョージア199219931 yearThe ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia,Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992 and 1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999.The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, pg. 27.Anatol Lieven, "Victorious Abkhazian Army Settles Old Scores in An Orgy of Looting", The Times, October 4, 1993."In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander", International Herald Tribune, October 22, 1993.The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case, Michael O'FlahertyThe Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Michael Bourdeaux, pg. 237.Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov, pg. 388Georgiy I. Mirsky, On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union, pg. 72Roger Kaplan, Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, pg. 564Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, pg. 174.Michael Bourdeaux, The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, pg. 238. also known as the "massacres of Georgians in Abkhazia",Svetlana Mikhailovna Chervonnaia, Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow, Gothic Image Publications, 1994.Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Soviet Union, Svante E. Cornell and "genocide of Georgians in Abkhazia"Tamaz Nadareishvili, Conspiracy Against Georgia, Tbilisi, 2002. Refers to ethnic cleansing,Human Rights Watch Helsinki, Vol 7, No 7, March 1995, pg. 230. massacresGary K. Bertsch, Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, pg. 161. and forced mass expulsion of thousands of ethnic GeorgiansDersim Massacreデルスィム, トルコ193719378 monthsThe Dersim massacre was a massacre of Kurdish people (Alevi Kurmanj and Zaza) by the Turkish government in the Dersim region of eastern Turkey, which includes parts of Tunceli Province, Elazığ Province, and Bingöl Province.Birinci Genel Müfettişlik Bölgesi, Güney Doğu, İstanbul, pp. 66, 194. . Retrieved August 2, 2018. The massacre occurred after a rebellion led by Seyid Riza against the Turkification policies of the Turkish government. As a result of the Turkish military campaign against the rebellion, thousands of Alevi Zazas died and many others were internally displaced due to the conflict.
– Part of the Kurdish Rebellions in Turkey1966 anti-Igbo pogromナイジェリアMay 29, 1966October 19664 months, 2 daysIndian massacres in the United States frontiersアメリカ合衆国15111890379 yearsIt is difficult to determine the total number of people who died as a result of Indian massacres. However, one book, The Wild Frontier: Atrocities during the American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee, presents an estimate by counting every recorded atrocity in the area that would eventually become the continental United States, from first contact (1511) to the closing of the frontier (1890). The parameters were limited to the intentional and indiscriminate murder, torture, or mutilation of civilians, the wounded, and prisoners. The results revealed that 7,193 people died from atrocities perpetrated by those of European descent, and 9,156 people died from atrocities perpetrated by Native Americans.Osborn, William M. (2001). The Wild Frontier: Atrocities During The American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee, Garden City, New York: Random House; – Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasPersecution of Biharis in Bangladeshバングラデシュ19711971?Most extreme episode of the massacres of Biharis by Bengali mobsGukurahundi"CCJP"ジンバブエ198319875 yearsEthnic cleansing and executions of members of the Ndebele by the Robert Mugabe's Fifth Brigade.クメール・ルージュによるベトナム人虐殺カンボジア197519794 years100% of the Vietnamese in Cambodia were slaughtered during the genocide, according to Samuel Totten.
– Part of the Cambodian genocideクメール・ルージュによるタイ人虐殺カンボジア197519794 years40% of Thai in Cambodia were killed during the Cambodian genocide according to Samuel Totten.
– Part of the Cambodian genocide1946 Bihar riotsビハール州, インドOctober 30, 1946November 7, 19468 daysKillings of Bihari Muslims by Bengali Hindus in retaliation to the Direct Action Day riots.Ian Stephens, Pakistan (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), pg. 111.Noakhali riotsベンガル地方, インドOctober 1946November 19461 monthKillings of Bengali Hindus by Bengali Muslims in retaliation to the Direct Action Day riots.Sétif and Guelma massacreアルジェリア19451945?Deaths of indigenous children in the Canadian residential schools systemカナダ18761996120 years– Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasGenocide of native Tasmaniansオーストラリア18031905102 yearsAfter the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith there were no non-mixed raced Tasmanians left in the world.Massacres of Arabs and Indians during the Zanzibar Revolutionザンジバル19641964?Thousands of Arabs and Indians were massacred during the Zanzibar Revolution1964 East Pakistan riots東パキスタンJanuary 2, 1964March 28, 19642 months, 26 daysAll casualties from the various riots in East Pakistan during the year 1964.
 Khulna: 200–300
 Dhaka: 1,000
 Narayangang: 3,500
 Bhulta: 267
 Golkandi: 623Simele massacreイラクAugust 7, 1933August 11, 19334 daysThe Simele massacre inspired Raphael Lemkin to create the concept of genocide.1950 East Pakistan riots東ベンガルFebruary 1950March 19501 monthAll casualties from the various riots in East Pakistan during the year 1950.
 70–100: Nachole
 215: Dhaka
 2,500: Barisal
 17: Rajshahi
 2,000: Mymensingh
 1: Jessore1984 Sikh MassacreインドOctober 31, 1984November 3, 19841 monthA series of pogroms against Sikhs primarily done by members of the Indian National Congress party due to the assassination of the prime minister.Nellie massacreアッサム州, インドSix hours on February 18, 1983Six hours on February 18, 19836 hoursKillings of 2191 Bengali Musims after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's decision to give 4 million Bengali Musilms in Assam the right to vote"Genesis of Nellie massacre and Assam agitation", Indilens news team. Retrieved November 10, 2015.Laotian genocide by Khmer Rougeカンボジア197519794 years40% of Laotians in Cambodia were killed during the Cambodian genocide according to Samuel Totten.– Part of the Cambodian genocideDirect Action DayインドAugust 16, 1946August 18, 19462 daysAlso known as the Great Calcutta Killings, a day of widespread riot and manslaughter between Hindus and Muslims in the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) in the Bengal province of British India.1804 Haiti massacreハイチEarly February 1804April 22, 1804?Genocide of French people in Haiti.涙の道アメリカ合衆国1830185020 yearsThe forced relocation of various Native American tribes under the order of Andrew Jackson.
– Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasGenocide of Yazidis by ISILシンジャール, イラク、シリア2014present4 yearsEthnic cleansing, execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of Yazidis by ISILSelk'nam genocideティエラ・デル・フエゴ, チリLate 1800sEarly 1900s?Genocide of Selknam Native Chilean tribe.
– Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasMassacre of protesters at the Demolition of the Babri Masjidアヨーディヤー, インド199219931 yearThe destruction of a prominent mosque in India by Hindu extremists and killings of Muslim protesters.2002 Gujarat riotsグジャラート州, インドFebruary 2002March 20021 monthMinimum death toll includes 790 Muslim death toll. Both death tolls include 254 Hindu deaths. Maximum death toll includes 223 presumed mixing as dead, and a higher 2,500 Muslim death toll.Genocide of Shias by ISIL"Which groups are under threat by ISIS in Iraq?", cnn.com. Retrieved December 22, 2015.イラク、シリア、アフガニスタン2003present16 yearsEthnic cleansing, execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of Shias by ISIL. One of the first instances was the Imam Ali Mosque bombing in NajafConquest of the DesertアルゼンチンMid 1870s1884?Military campaign, directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, then inhabited by indigenous peoples.Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971. Historia de los Argentinos I and II; . – Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the AmericasGenocide of Christians by ISIL"As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide". NPR. December 24, 2015. "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Hundreds of thousands have fled."世界全体2014present4 yearsEthnic cleansing, execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of Christians by ISIL. In Iraq, the genocide started before 2014, as exemplified by the 2010 Baghdad church massacreベルリンの壁3271,500929東ドイツ1949198940 yearsBlack War878878878オーストラリアMid 1820s1832?– Part of the Genocide of native TasmaniansBiological warfare at the Siege of Fort Pitt???ペンシルバニア州ピッツバーグJune 22, 1763August 10, 17631 months, 18 daysThe death toll resulting from the event is unknown – Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas

政治的粛清・弾圧
ここでは政治的な対立による大量殺害についての一覧を載せる。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考文化大革命中華人民共和国 1966  197610 years The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to preserve 'true' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.See also: Struggle session1965-66のインドネシアでの大量虐殺Indonesia's killing fields. Al Jazeera, December 21, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2016."Blumenthal80">Mark Aarons (2007). "Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide." In David A. Blumenthal and Timothy L. H. McCormack (eds). The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? (International Humanitarian Law). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; , pg.
80.インドネシア 1965  19661 year Massacres of people connected to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) were carried out in 1965–66 by the Indonesian Army and associated death squads with support from Western powers such as the United States. Death tolls are difficult to estimate, but it is widely accepted by scholars that roughly 1 million people were killed.大粛清Wielka czystka by Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski, ソビエト連邦 1936  19382 years The Great Purge or Great Terror was a period of intense political repression in the Soviet Union including execution (especially through open air shootings) and forced labor through the Gulag system.土地改革・反革命鎮圧運動Mosher, Steven (1992). China Misperceived: American Illusions and Chinese Reality. Basic Books. p. 74. ISBN 0-465-09813-4. The Terror—no other term will do—that began in 1950 was to last for three years and cost several million lives before it ended. It originated in two distinct political campaigns, each a ruthless effort to crush a particular class. The land reform, while nominally an effort to reapportion the land to poor and lower-middle-class peasants, was actually intended to destroy the old rural elite, replacing it with a new rural power structure dominated by those who had received parcels of land from the CCP and the new regime.4 The "suppression of counterrevolutionaries" campaign was designed to eliminate the bureaucratic bourgeoisie—those compradores, traders, and KMT functionaries who were seen by the party as economic parasites or political foes. [...] The U.S. State Department in 1976 estimated that there may have been a million killed in the land reform, 800,000 killed in the counterrevolutionary campaign.7 Maurice Meisner, who is sympathetic to the need for revolutionary terror, allowed that perhaps 2 million people were executed during the first three years of the PRC.8 Jacques Guillermaz, the distinguished French Sinologist, who served as French Military Attaché in Nanjing during the civil war and later in Beijing, estimated in his La Chine populaire, published in 1964, that a total of 1 to 3 million were executed.9 He later increased this estimate to 5 million, a figure that Fairbank has cited as the upper range of "sober" estimates.10 The highest estimate comes from Nationalist officials on Taiwan, who were not inclined to underestimate the ferocity of their victorious opponents. They alleged that 6 million urban residents and 4 million rural gentry had been killed during these years. [...] 7. Stephen Rosskamm Shalom, Deaths in China Due to Communism, Occasional Paper No. 15., Center for Asian Studies (Tempe: Arizona State University, 1984), p. 24. 8. Maurice Meisner, Mao's China: A History of the People's Republic (New York: The Free Press, 1977), p. 81. 9. Jacques Guillermaz, La Chine populaire, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959), p. 47. 10. Jacques Guillermaz, The Chinese Communist Party in Power, 1949—1976 (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1976), p. 24, n. 6中華人民共和国 1949  19534 years　この二つの運動はほぼ同時に行われたため犠牲者の数を分けて考えることは難しい。
　また、国共内戦(1945-1949)中に行われたものはこの推定には加算しない白色テロ（ロシア）ロシア帝国191719236 yearsPolitical repression by the White movement during the Russian Civil War.白色テロ（スペイン）Julián Casanova, Francisco Espinosa, Conxita Mir, Francisco Moreno Gómez. "Morir, matar, sobrevivir. La violencia en la dictadura de Franco", Editorial Crítica. Barcelona, Spain. 2002. p. 8.Michael Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945, Cambridge University Press. 1998. pg. 11.Spain during and after the Spanish Civil War 1936  19459 years In Spain, the White Terror (also known as "la Represión Franquista" or the "Francoist Repression") was the series of acts of politically motivated violence, rape, and other crimes committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939) and during Francisco Franco's dictatorship (October 1, 1936 – November 20, 1975)Antony Beevor. The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2006), pp. 89–94.赤色テロ（エチオピア）People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 1977  19781 year Violent purge of those deemed Anti-Communist in Ethiopia.Harff, Barbara & Gurr, Ted Robert: "Toward an Empirical Theory of Genocides and Politicides", 32 International Studies Quarterly 359 (1988).Agence France Presse (8 Oct. 1996)Riccardo Orizio, US admits helping Mengistu escape, BBC, December 22, 1999.Talk of the Devil: Encounters with Seven Dictators, pg 151.保導連盟事件Paul M. Edwards, Historical Dictionary of the Korean War, Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 32, entry "Bodo League Massacre"韓国19501950?Massacre of communists and suspected communists during the summer of 1950, at the start of Korean War.ナチスによるフリーメイソン弾圧German-occupied territory  1933  194512 years The Nazi regime of Germany targeted Freemasons as they saw them as collaborators in a Jewish conspiracy.赤色テロRyan, James (2012). Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence. London: Routledge. pg. 114;  Former Russian Empire during Russian Civil War 1918  19224 years Political repression by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.1991年のイラクでの反乱イラクMarch the 1st, 1991April the 5th, 19911 month and 4 daysThe death toll of the uprising against Saddam Hussein's government during 1991 was high throughout the country. The rebels killed many Ba'athist officials and officers. In response, thousands of unarmed civilians were killed by indiscriminate fire from loyalist tanks, artillery and helicopters, and many historical and religious structures in the south were deliberately targeted under orders from Saddam Hussein. Saddam's security forces entered the cities, often using women and children as human shields, where they detained and summarily executed or "disappeared" thousands of people at random in a policy of collective responsibility. Many suspects were tortured, raped, or burned alive.コンドル作戦South America 1975  19838 years A campaign of political repression by right-wing dictatorships in South America, sponsored by the United States.赤色テロ（スペイン）Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939. Penguin Books. 2006. London. p. 87de la Cueva, Julio, "Religious Persecution", Journal of Contemporary History, 3, 198, pp. 355–69. Spain during the Spanish Civil War 1936  19393 years The Red Terror in Spain ()Julian Casanova, Unearthing Franco's Legacy, pp. 105–06, University of Notre Dame Press, 2010;  is the name given by historians to various acts of violence committed from 1936 until the end of the Spanish Civil War "by sections of nearly all the leftist groups".Beevor, Antony (2006), The Battle For Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pg. 81.ベトナムでの農地改革Moise, pp. 205–22; "Newly released documents on the land reform", Vietnam Studies Group. Lam Thanh Liem (2005), "Ho Chi Minh's Land Reform: Mistake or Crime". Retrieved October 4, 2015.North Vietnam 1954  19562 yearsフランス革命での恐怖政治France during the French Revolution 1793 17941 year The Reign of Terror was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and The Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".ハマー虐殺Hama, SyriaFebruary 2, 1982February 28, 198226 daysThe Hama massacre (Arabic: مجزرة حماة) occurred in February 1982, when the Syrian Arab Army and the Defense Companies, under the orders of the country's president Hafez al-Assad, besieged the town of Hama for 27 days in order to quell an uprising by the Muslim Brotherhood against al-Assad's government.ラ・マタンサエルサルバドルJanuary 22, 1932July 11, 19326 months and 20 daysMany of the victims were indigenous people.二・二八事件Taiwan19471947?Crackdown by the Kuomintang government that ushered in the White Terror (Taiwan) era.汚い戦争Argentina 1976  19837 years At least 9,000 people were tortured and killed in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, carried out primarily by the Argentinean military Junta (part of Operation Condor).フィンランド内戦における赤色・白色テロFinland 1918  19183 months, 2 weeks and 4 days Both sides of the Finnish Civil War used Terrors where 10,000 were killed in the White Terror and 1,650 were killed in the Red Terror., , , , , , , , 1988年のイランでの政治犯の処刑Iran198819885 monthsMassacre of political prisoners in Iran.白色テロ (台湾)Taiwan 1949  198738 years An era of martial law in Taiwan in which 140,000 where imprisoned, and 3,000 to 4,000 were executed for real or perceived opposition to the Kuomintang.六四天安門事件Tiananmen Square, People's Republic of China198919891 month, 2 weeks and 6 daysCrackdown of anti-government protest in the People's Republic of China.ピノチェト政権下のチリにおける人権侵害Chile1974199016 years1,200 to 3,200 alleged communists were executed, 80,000 were forcibly interned and 30,000 were tortured under the reign of Augusto Pinochet. English translation of the Rettig Report

強制労働・奴隷貿易
ここでは、労働条件の悪さによる死亡、労働能力を十分に発揮できなかったことによる死刑、輸送中や職場での労働者の不当な扱いによる死亡について一覧を載せる。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考アラブ人の奴隷貿易see NotesRonald Segal, in Islam's Black Slaves, estimates the total number of African slaves shipped to the Muslim world at 11.5M-14M. This breaks down as follows: From 650-1600 CE Citing Ralph Austen: Trans-Saharan: 4,820,000 Red Sea: 1.6M East Africa: 0.8M TOTAL: 7.22M shipped Citing Paul Lovejoy: 3.5-10.0M shipped 17th Century Sahara: 0.7M Red Sea: 0.1M East Africa: 0.1M TOTAL: 900,000 shipped 18th C Sahara: 0.7M Red Sea: 0.2M East Africa: 0.4M TOTAL: 1,300,000 shipped 19th C Sahara: 1.2M Red Sea: 0.45M East Africa: 0.442M TOTAL: 2,092,000 shipped TOTAL: 11,512,000 shipped Segal also mentions estimates by Raymond Mauvy: 7th C: 0.1M 8th C: 0.2M 9th C: 0.4M 10th-13th Cs: 2.0M 14th C: 1.0M 15th-19th Cs: 10.0M First half 20th C.: 300,000 TOTAL: 14M shipped What was the mortality rate among these slaves? Here are a few estimates in Segal: Wylde: Each eunuch in Cairo represented 200 dead Sudanese. Hourst, 19th C: each sale represented a loss of ten in the original population, including raids. Livingstone: 1 living = 10 dead. British Govt Rpt: For every 10 slaves reaching 19C Cairo, 50 died on the way. Nachtigal: on one large [typical?] Saharan caravan, 3 or 4 died for every survivor. UK Consul in Zanzibar: 1:1 ratio Mahadi: 20% d. in Saharan trade Lovejoy, citing Martin: 9% overall in 19th C. East Africa. (Segal: safe estimate) [MEDIAN of these estimates: 3 to 5 deaths for every 1 live import]Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa700s1899more than 1100 years1500 to 1899:
 (1500 - 1599-
 1.000.000 - 1,300,000 (Africans
 115,000 - 180,000 ( Europeans )
 (1600 - 1699 
 1,300,000 ( Africans )
 130,000 - 200,000 ( Europeans )
 (1700 - 1799)- 2,000,000 ( Africans) 
 (1800 - 1899)- 3.000.000 ( Africans ) 
Other sources estimate as many as 70 million could have perished.労働改造制度Aikman, David. "The Laogai Archipelago", The Weekly Standard, September 29, 1997.China1945197631 yearsLaogai (勞改/劳改), the abbreviation for Láodòng Gǎizào (勞動改造/劳动改造), which means "reform through labor", is a slogan of the Chinese criminal justice system and has been used to refer to the use of penal labour and prison farms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which once took up more than half of the world's slaves. Laogai is different from laojiao, or re-education through labor, which was an administrative detention for a person who was not a criminal but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to reform offenders into law-abiding citizens. Persons detained under laojiao were detained in facilities that were separate from the general prison system of laogai. Both systems, however, involved penal labor.大西洋奴隷貿易Africa, the Americas, and the Atlantic1500s1700s200 yearsオスマン帝国における奴隷制Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800.The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804.Eurasia, Middle East, North Africa14501800350 yearsThere is no concrete number for the number of people killed due to the Barbary Slave Trade.
The method many people use is to estimate the mortality rate of slave raids and multiply them by the number people took as slaves. Scholars estimates 3 people were killed for every 1 slave abducted. Includes Barbary Slave Trade.コンゴ自由国における残虐Congo Free State23 yearsPrivate forces under the control of Leopold II of Belgium carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally rubber. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment.Hochschild, Adam (1999), pp. 226–32, King Leopold's Ghost, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt;  Estimates of the death toll vary considerably because of the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924.Hochschild, pp. 226–32.京杭大運河建設のための徴用2,500,000隋(中国)6056105 yearsグラグ制度Pool, The Stalinist Penal System, pg. 131Alexopoulos, Golfo (2017). Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag, Yale University Press.Soviet Union1930s1950s20 yearsGulag is an acronym for the organization that administered the forced labor system in the Soviet Union that became a colloquialism in the west for the camps themselves. The system was used to punish criminals, political dissidents, and prisoners of war. There is a growing consensus among scholars that, based on archival data, the number of deaths in the gulag system fall within the range 1.5 to 1.7 million.Steven Rosefielde. Red Holocaust. Routledge, 2009.  pg. 67 "...more complete archival data increases camp deaths by 19.4 percent to 1,258,537"; pg 77: "The best archivally based estimate of Gulag excess deaths at present is 1.6 million from 1929 to 1953." 北朝鮮における強制労働North Korea1972ongoing46 yearsBlack Book of Communism, pg. 564.アシエンダ制における奴隷労働Mexico1900192020 yearsR.J. Rummel, coiner of the word "Democide," estimated the mortality rate for Mexican Peonage, a form of debt labor, by comparing it to similar forced labor systems such as the Soviet Gulag, and then applying and reducing it accordingly to the population of Mexico at the time, coming up with an annual death rate of 69,000.大日本帝国による朝鮮人の強制労働Korea and Manchuria193919456 yearsAvailable online: フランス植民地帝国における奴隷制Africa1900194040 yearsポルトガルの奴隷制Portuguese Empire1900192525 yearsバルバリア奴隷貿易Italy, Spain, and Portugal1500s1600s100 years– Part of Slavery in the Ottoman Empireアマゾンのゴムブームにおける奴隷制Amazon, Brazil1900191212 years泰緬鉄道の建設MacPherson, Neil, "Death Railway Movements", mansell.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.Burma194319474 yearsForced labour was used in the construction of the Burma Railway. More than 180,000 Southeast Asian civilian labourers (Romusha) and 60,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) worked on the railway. Of these, estimates of Romusha deaths are little more than guesses, but probably about 90,000 died. 12,621 Allied POWs died during the construction. The dead POWs included 6,904 British personnel, 2,802 Australians, 2,782 Dutch, and 133 Americans.スエズ運河建設Egypt, and Sudan185918689 yearsFrench diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps had obtained many concessions from Isma'il Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan in 1854–56 to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000, but others estimate that 120,000 workers died over the ten years of construction due to malnutrition, fatigue, and disease, especially cholera.The Suez Crisis – Key maps, bbc.co.uk. Retrieved August 2, 2018.ペルーにおける中国人労働者の強制労働Peru1849187426 years80,000 to 100,000 Chinese contract laborers, 95% of which were Cantonese and almost all of which were male, were sent mostly to the sugar plantations from 1849 to 1874, during the termination of slavery. They were to provide continuous labor for the coastal guano mines and especially for the coastal plantations where they became a major labor force (contributing greatly to the Peruvian guano boom) until the end of the century. While the coolies were believed to be reduced to virtual slaves, they also represented a historical transition from slave to free labor. A third group of Chinese workers was contracted for the construction of the railway from Lima to La Oroya and Huancayo. Chinese migrants were barred from using cemeteries reserved for Roman Catholics, and were instead buried at pre-Incan burial sites. Between 1849 and 1874 half the Chinese population of Peru perished due to abuse, exhaustion, and suicide caused by forced labor.大日本帝国による連合国軍人捕虜の強制労働In and around the Pacific193919456 yearsAccording to the Japanese military's own record, nearly 25% of 140,000 Allied POWs died while interned in Japanese prison camps, where they were forced to work (U.S. POWs died at a rate of 27%).FIFAワールドカップに関連したクウェートの人権侵害Qatar2013ongoing5 yearsOut of at least 100,000 laborers.

 病気・飢餓 

ここでは、人間の行動によって引き起こされた、または悪化させた飢饉や病気の発生について一覧を載せている。

なお、こうした飢饉や病気の中には、部分的には自然が原因であるものもある。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考中華人民共和国大飢饉 on p.163 Frank Dikötter, in his response, quotes Yu Xiguang's figure of 55 million中国195819624 yearsDuring the Great Leap Forward under Mao Zedong tens of millions of Chinese starved to death.Becker, Jasper (1998). Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, Holt Paperbacks, pg. xi. State violence during this period further exacerbated the death toll, and some 2.5 million people were beaten or tortured to death in connection with Great Leap policies.Dikötter, Frank. Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62, Walker & Company, 2010. pg. 298.第二次世界大戦による病気と飢饉世界全体193919456 yearsSee also: World War II casualtiesイギリス統治下のインドにおける飢饉12,000,00051,000,000+20,500,000インド17571947190 yearsBetween 12 and 51 million Indians (or even more) died of starvation while India under British rule (East India Company and British Raj). Millions of tonnes of wheat were exported to Britain as famine raged.Indian famine of 1896–97 and the Indian famine of 1899–1900イギリス領インド帝国189619004 years ENSO famines. See also: Late Victorian Holocausts.大日本帝国による飢饉と病気大日本帝国193719458 yearsCombined death tolls from famine and disease from China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines.1876年から79年にかけての中国北部での飢饉中国187618793 yearsENSO famine.1770年のベンガル地方における飢饉ベンガル管区176917734 yearsThe famine killed a third of the Bengali population at the time. It is attributed to the policies of the ruling British East India Company.Great Famine of 1876–78イギリス領インド帝国187618782 yearsENSO famine. See also: Late Victorian Holocausts.1921年から22年にかけてのロシアでの飢饉"How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921–23 famine", Stanford University. April 4, 2011.ソビエト・ロシア192119221 year May have been exacerbated by War Communism policies, but it is debatable to which extent.
See also: Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union, and Russian Civil War, with its policy of War communism, especially prodrazvyorstka.日中戦争による飢餓と病気中国193719458 yearsSee also: World War II casualties.第一次世界大戦による飢饉と病気世界全体191419184 yearsSee also: World War I casualties.1932年から33年にかけてのソ連での飢饉Soviet famine of 1932–33ソ連193219331 yearThe majority of famine victims were Ukrainian. Many nations, including Ukraine, regard the famine's effect in the Ukraine as a genocide against Ukraine, known as the Holodomor.

2.0 – 6.0 million: Ukraine

1.00 – 1.45 million: Kazakhstan

1 million: North CaucasusFamine and disease caused by the Second Congo Warアフリカ199820046 yearsMajority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease.Iranian famine of 1917–1919Katouzian 2013, p. 1934: "Russian Revolution of 1917 brought much relief to Iran after a century of imperial interference and intimidation. But it was followed by severe famine and the Spanish flu pandemic which, combined, took a high toll of around two million, mostly of the Iranian poor."Rubin 2015, p. 508: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. With farmland, crops, livestock, and infrastructure destroyed, as many as 2 million Iranians died of famine at the war's end. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the recall of Russian troops, and thus gave hope to Iranians that the foreign yoke might be relenting, the British quickly moved to fill the vacuum in the north, and by 1918, had turned the country into an unofficial protectorate."Winegard 2016, p. 85: "Between 1917 and 1919, it is estimated that nearly half (nine to eleven million people) of the Persian population died of starvation or disease brought on by malnutrition."Majd 2003, p. 72: "According to the American Charge d'Affaires, Wallace Smith Murray, this famine had claimed one-third of Iran's population. A famine that even according to British sources as General Dunsterville, Major Donohoe, and General Sykes had claimed vast numbers of Iranians".イラン191719193 yearsThe Persian famine of 1917–1919 was a period of widespread mass starvation and disease in Persia (Iran). The famine took place in the occupied territory of Iran that had declared neutrality. According to the estimates acknowledged, 2–10 million people died of hunger and disease. A variety of factors are commented to have caused and contributed to the famine such as war profiteering, and poor harvests but mainly requisitioning and confiscation of foodstuffs by the occupying Russian and British armies.Majd 2003, p. 40. In the matter of tough custom regulations, Majd mentions incidents of unsuccessful importation of foodstuff recorded by the American embassy. He also refers to a letter by an American official saying "for the last two years practically all the importations have ceased"Rubin 2015, p. 508: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. With farmland, crops, livestock, and infrastructure destroyed, as many as 2 million Iranians died of famine at the war's end. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the recall of Russian troops, and thus gave hope to Iranians that the foreign yoke might be relenting, the British quickly moved to fill the vacuum in the north, and by 1918, had turned the country into an unofficial protectorate."Famine and disease caused by Decommunization+++Former States of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc199120009 yearsDeaths caused by decrease in living conditions in Russia and other former Communist States after the fall of the Soviet Union.Bengal famine of 1943イギリス領インド帝国194319441 year The Japanese conquest of Burma cut off India's main supply of rice imports,Nicholas Tarling (ed.) The Cambridge History of SouthEast Asia Vol.II Part 1 pp. 139–40 however, war-related administrative policies in British India ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll.Madhusree Mukerjee, Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India During World War II.Book review: Churchill's secret war in India, southasiarev.wordpress.com, April 12, 2011.Famine and diseased caused by the Biafran Blockade during Nigeria's Civil WarStevenson, "Capitol Gains" (2014), p. 314.ナイジェリア196719703 yearsMore than two million Igbo died from the famine imposed deliberately through blockades during the war. Lack of medicine also contributed. Thousands starved to death daily as the war progressed.Famine and disease during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East IndiesVan der Eng, Pierre (2008) "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 1940–1950", MPRA Paper No. 8852, pp. 35–38. / インドネシア194419451 year An estimated 2.4 million Indonesians starved to death during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The problem was partly caused by failures of the main 1944–45 rice crop, but the main cause was the compulsory rice purchasing system that the Japanese authorities put in place to secure rice for distribution to the armed forces and urban population.Soviet famine of 1946–47ソ連194619471 yearDebated as to whether it was caused by war or government policy.苦難の行軍5,000,0001,090,000北朝鮮199419984 years The famine stemmed from a variety of factors. Economic mismanagement and the loss of Soviet support caused food production and imports to decline rapidly. A series of floods and droughts exacerbated the crisis, but were not its direct cause. The North Korean government and its centrally-planned system proved too inflexible to effectively curtail the disaster. Recent research suggests the likely number of excess deaths between 1993 and 2000 was about 330,000.ジャガイモ飢饉 Foster, R.F. Modern Ireland 1600–1972, Penguin Press, 1988. pg. 324. Foster's footnote reads: "Based on hitherto unpublished work by C. Ó Gráda and Phelim Hughes, 'Fertility trends, excess mortality and the Great Irish Famine'...Also see C.Ó Gráda and Joel Mokyr, 'New developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850', Economic History Review, vol. xxxvii, no. 4 (November 1984), pp. 473–88."Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society pg. 1. Lee says 'at least 800,000'.Vaughan, W.E. and Fitzpatrick, A.J.(eds). Irish Historical Statistics, Population, 1821/1971. Royal Irish Academy, 1978.アイルランド184618493 years Although blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland, where a third of the population was significantly dependent on the Irish Lumper potato for food, was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors, which continue to remain the subject of historical debate.Vietnamese Famine of 1945Charles Hirschman et al. "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate" . Population and Development Review (December 1995).ベトナム194419451 year The Japanese occupation during World War II caused the famine in North Vietnam.Cambodian Holocaust FamineBruce Sharp (2008), Counting Hell 2.Ben Kiernan, paragraph 3. Mekong.Marek Sliwiński (1995), Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique, L'Harmattan, pg. 82.カンボジア197519794 yearsAn estimated 2 million Cambodians lost their lives to murder, forced labor, and famine, perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge, nearly half of which was caused by forced starvation. Came to an end due to invasion by Vietnam in 1979.1983–85 famine in Ethiopia"Flashback 1984: Portrait of a famine", BBC News, April 6, 2000.エチオピア198319852 years The famines that struck Ethiopia between 1961 and 1985, especially the one of 1983–1985, were in large part created by government policies.Famine and disease during the Japanese occupation of the Philippinesフィリピン194219453 yearsSee also: World War I casualties.Cuban War of Independence FamineSheina, Robert L., Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899 (2003)COWP: Correlates of War Project, University of Michigan.キューバ189518983 yearsMost of dead in this war perished from famine and disease.Great Famine of Mount Lebanonレバノン山脈、オスマン帝国191519183 yearsAround 200,000 people starved to death at a time when the population of Mount Lebanon was estimated at 400,000.Harris 2012, p.174 The Mount Lebanon famine caused the highest fatality rate by population of World War I. Bodies were piled in the streets, and people were reported to be eating street animals, while some resorted to cannibalism.1998 Sudan famineスーダン19981998? The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and the war in Southern Sudan."Despite aid effort, Sudan famine squeezing life from dozens daily", CNN. Retrieveded May 25, 2006.Famine in Yemen (2016–present) children children childrenイエメン2016present2 years The famine was triggered by Saudi Arabia's intervention into the Yemeni Civil War, which is backed by Western powers including the United States. Around 13 million people, or roughly half of the country's population, is facing starvation in what the UN calls "the worst famine in the world in 100 years".

 洪水・地すべり 

ダム、堤防、防潮堤、擁壁の故障など、人間によって部分的に引き起こされた洪水や地すべりを載せる。

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均場所開始終了期間備考1931年中国大洪水2,500,0003,700,0003,041,381中国?1887年黄河洪水900,0002,000,0001,341,641中国?黄河決壊事件300,000朱蕾 (2015-10-27). "資料解密：黃河花園口決堤 阻敵南下". World Journal. Whitestone, NY. Archived from the original on 2018-08-18 – via United Daily News.李怡芸 (2015-09-30). "重探抗戰史 黃河決堤有效禦敵". 旺報. Taipei: China Times Group.893,303汤其成; 李秀云; Institute of Geographic Sciences, China Academy of Sciences (1995). "水圈中的自然灾害". In 王劲峰 (ed.). 中国自然灾害区划——灾害区划、影响评价、减灾对策. Beijing: 中国科学技术出版社. p. 41.517,678中国?ベトナムからのボートピープル200,000The Associated Press of 1979560,000334,664タイ湾および太平洋197819791年1935年長江洪水145,000145,000145,000中国?聖フェリクスの洪水100,000100,000100,000オランダ?紅河デルタ洪水100,000100,000100,000北ベトナム?1911年長江洪水100,000100,000100,000中国? 板橋ダム決壊事故26,000230,000230,000 is the highest of a range of unofficial estimates, including also deaths of ensuing epidemics and famine, in 77,330中国1975年8月1975年8月?聖ルチア祭の洪水50,00080,00063,246オランダ、イングランド?バルガスの悲劇10,00050,00022,361ベネズエラ1999年12月14日1999年12月16日3日北海大洪水2,4002,4002,400オランダ、イングランド、 スコットランド、ベルギー1953年1月31日1953年1月31日1日ジョンズタウン洪水2,2092,2092,209アメリカ1889年5月31日1889年5月31日1日

 人身御供・自殺 
人身御供や自殺の実行による死亡について一覧を載せる。 

 出来事 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考アステカ文化における人身御供 メキシコ14世紀 200年Skull racks: 60,000Ruben Mendoza (2007) pp. 407–08. to 136,000Harner (1977) p. 122 See also: Aztecs 中国の商王朝における人身御供 National Geographic, July 2003, cited by White 中国1300 BC 1050 BC250年 Last 250 years of ruleイラク戦争中の自爆テロ+イラク進行中See also: Iraqi insurgency (2003–11) and Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)サティ儀式による焼身自殺 Sakuntala Narasimhan, Sati: widow burning in India, quoted by Matthew White, "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century", pg. 2 (July 2005), Historical Atlas of the 20th Century (self-published, 1998–2005).インド13年 マサダでの集団自殺マサダ Spring 73 CE  Spring 73 CE?ジョーンズタウンJim Jonesパレスチナの自爆攻撃イスラエルおよび
パレスチナ7月 6, 19894月 18, 201627年May only include victims

暴動

100人以上が死亡した暴動や事件について載せる。
 出来事 死者数 国 地域 年 インド・パキスタン分離独立 200,000–2,000,000英領インド パンジャーブ、ベンガル地方  ラ・ビオレンシア 200,000–300,000コロンビア 国全体 –1960 1959年のチベット蜂起 85,000–87,000チベット  ラサ  ニカの乱   東ローマ帝国  コンスタンティノープル 532 パリ・コミューン 6,667–20,000フランス  パリ  二・二八事件 10,000–30,000中国  台湾  済州島四・三事件 14,000–30,000Southern Korea, present-day South Korea  済州島  August Uprising 13,000–15,500ソ連  ジョージア  エルサルバドル農民蜂起 (1932年) 10,000–40,000エルサルバドル     Romanian Peasants' Revolt 10,000–20,000ルーマニア     クロンシュタットの反乱   ロシア  クロンシュタット  1984 anti-Sikh riots 2,800–8,000インド  ニューデリー  三・一運動   日本統治時代の朝鮮  ソウル 第2次インティファー4,179–4,354イスラエル/パレスチナ–2005 Pitchfork Uprising   ロシア     イラン革命  イラン     8888民主化運動3,000–10,000ビルマ/ミャンマー    –1993第1次インティファーダイスラエル/パレスチナ バナナの虐殺 47–2,000コロンビア Ciénaga  Santa María School massacre   チリ  イキケ アッサム運動+インドアッサム–19851994年の南アフリカの政権交代での暴力南アフリカ共和国  ルーマニア革命 (1989年)  ルーマニア  ブカレストなどの主要都市 2009年のボコ・ハラムの蜂起+ナイジェリアバウチ州、ボルノ州、ヨベ州、カノ州 ジャカルタ暴動 (1998年)1,000–1,200インドネシア  ジャカルタ、メダン、スラカルタ ケニア危機 (2007年-2008年)ケニア  2005年トーゴ民主化運動500–1,000August 29, 2005. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). "Conclusions.""La mission d'établissement des faits chargée de faire la lumière sur les violences et les allégations de violations des droits de l'homme survenues au Togo avant, pendant et après l'élection présidentielle du 24 avril 2005" トーゴ 1989年のバーガルプル暴動インドバーガルプル 血の日曜日事件 (1905年)132–4,000ロシア  サンクトペテルブルク 2010年南キルギス暴動キルギス イラン人巡礼者の暴動   サウジアラビア  メッカ  アムリットサル事件379–1,526英領インド  アムリトサル  テランガーナ運動 + インド  ハイデラバード ジャスミン革命チュニジア–2011 六四天安門事件300–10,454中国北京Kengir uprisingソビエト連邦カザフスタン2018年ニカラグア抗議デモニカラグア  ゴードン暴動   イギリス    嘆きの壁事件   イギリス委任統治領パレスチナ    2019年スーダンクーデター+スーダン –2019Military Police of Espírito Santo strikeブラジルエスピリトサント州 2009年ウイグル騒乱 +  中国  新疆ウイグル自治区  5月13日事件   マレーシア  クアラルンプール  アンディジャン事件 187–1,500ウズベキスタン  アンディジャン  2017年ベネズエラ抗議運動   ベネズエラ   2009年ギニア抗議運動  ギニア コナクリ 光州事件 144–2,000韓国  光州  ダーバン暴動  南アフリカ共和国ダーバン 2017年ブラジルの刑務所での暴動+ブラジル ムハンマドの漫画に対する暴動  ナイジェリア、リビア、パキスタン、アフガニスタン     ハルツームの虐殺 128スーダンハルツームタナ川地方での衝突 118ケニアタナ川地方–2013カランジル虐殺事件ブラジルサンパウロ ユーロマイダン121–797ウクライナキーウ ニューヨーク徴兵暴動119–120アメリカ合衆国  ニューヨーク  ヴァンデミエールの反乱 フランス  パリ 

 刑務所・強制収容所における死者数一覧 
このセクションでは、特定の刑務所、強制収容所または絶滅収容所で発生した死者数をまとめる。ここでの死者数は、収容所内の条件と囚人による殺人や処刑またはその両方によるものを示す。
 発生した場所 低い推定 高い指定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 参考アウシュヴィッツ強制収容所Oświęcim, Poland194019455年Wellers, Georges. "Essai de determination du nombre de morts au camp d'Auschwitz (attempt to determine the number of dead at the Auschwitz camp)", Le Monde Juif, Oct–Dec 1983, pp. 127–59.Brian Harmon, John Drobnicki, Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates , vex.net. Retrieved August 2, 2018.トレブリンカ強制収容所Treblinka, Poland194219431年Encyclopedia Americanaベウジェツ強制収容所Bełżec, Poland194219431年Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" 1942, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol 15, No. 3, Winter 2001; Yitzhak Arad, Bełżec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987; NCR 0-253-34293-7ヤセノヴァツ強制収容所Croatia194119454年コルィマ鉱山Kolyma, Soviet Union1932195422年Ludwik Kowalski: Alaska notes on Stalinism. Retrieved January 18, 2007. Case Study: Stalin's Purges from Genderside Watch. Retrieved January 19, 2007. George Bien, Gulag Survivor in the Boston Globe, June 22, 2005, Kolyma.シュトゥットホーフ強制収容所Stutthof, Poland193919456年See also: Second World Warスタラ・グラディシュカ強制収容所Croatia194119454年Primarily for women and children.トゥール・スレンPhnom Penh, Cambodia197519794年アンダーソンビル刑務所Andersonville, Georgia, United States186418651年The Andersonville Prison Trial: The Trial of Captain Henry Wirz, by General N.P. Chipman, 1911.ツルヴェニ・クルスト集中収容所Niš, Serbia194119443年エケネス刑務所収容所Tammisaari, Finland191819184ヶ月エルマイラ刑務所Elmira, New York, U.S.186418651年シャーク島強制収容所Luderitz, German South-West Africa190519072年The minimum death toll is out of a camp population of 1,795 people, and the maximum total includes those who died in the Luderitz area.

死者数による政治的指導者一覧
ここでは、特定の政治指導者が原因となった死者数を載せる。死亡者は国策による国内の状況と、問題の指導者に対して忠実な軍隊による積極的な殺害の両方に起因している。
 指導者 低い推定 高い推定 相乗平均 場所  開始  終了期間 備考毛沢東84,929,000中華人民共和国1946197630 yearsCritics of Mao Zedong have argued Mao's China saw unprecedented losses of human life through inhuman economic policies such as the Great Leap Forward, slave labor through the Laogai, violent political purges such as the Cultural Revolution the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, and class extermination through land reform The estimate of the minimum death toll is the sum of the minimum estimate of famine dead (11.6 million), land reform and Campaign to Suppress Counterrevilutionaries dead (200,000),    China Civil War (8,000,000) and Cultural Revolution dead (400,000) plus the minimum killed in the 1959 Tibetan uprising (85,000 to 87,000)チンギス・カン30,000,000587,000,000ユーラシア1206122721 yearsThe number of the death toll containes the result of the conquests of  Mongol Empire which he started and passed down to his descendants. アドルフ・ヒトラー35,740,000

 45,759,692ナチスドイツ下のヨーロッパ1934194511 years The estimate  includes  number of deaths in  Europe under Nazi rule (excluding Italian military deaths) and Soviet famine in 1946-1947 and Fight and expulsion of Germans.
 4,900,000 to 6,200,000 Jews killed (2/3s to 78% of European Jewry killed)Reitlinger, Gerald (1953). The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945. New York City: Beechhurst Press.Early efforts by scholars to determine the number of Jews murdered by the Nazis were limited by a lack of access to pertinent records. The genocide seldom entered Western discourse, both due to ignorance and to the Cold-War politics which made West Germany a new ally of the United States.The first significant work on the subject published in English was Gerald Reitlinger's Final Solution (1953), which, relying almost exclusively on German documentation, estimated 4.9 million dead. This figure is now considered extremely conservative. Raul Hilberg's 1961 The Destruction of the European Jews became a classic in the field of Holocaust literature and made the genocide of the Jews known to the wider public, Hilberg estimated its victims to be 5.1 million lives, or 4.9 – 5.4 million broadly construed. The trial of Adolph Eichmann further raised awareness of the genocide, Eichmann also provided documentation and testimony which revised the number of the dead.The first work to arrive at a figure comparable to modern estimates was Lucy Dawidowicz's The War Against the Jews, published in 1975, the book provided detailed listings by country of the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust which are still used as a reference in modern Holocaust studies. Dawidowicz researched birth and death records in many cities of prewar Europe to come up with a death toll of 5,933,900 Jews. After the opening of Soviet records, scholarship arrived at a death toll of about 6 million Jews. Gutman and Rozett's Encyclopedia of the Holocaust was published in 1990 and estimated slightly over 5.9 million Jews were murdered.Wolfgang Benz's The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide, published 1995, gave a toll of 6.2 million.Davies, Norman (2012). God's Playground [Boze igrzysko]. Otwarte (publishing). p. 956. . Polish edition, second volume. "To, co robili Sowieci, bylo szczególnie mylace. Same liczby bylSacramentsie wiarygodne, ale pozbawione komentarza, sprytnie ukrywaly fakt, ze ofiary w przewazajacej liczbie nie byly Rosjanami, ze owe miliony obejmowaly ofiary nie tylko Hitlera, ale i Stalina, oraz ze wsród ludnosci cywilnej najwieksze grupy stanowili Ukraincy, Polacy, Bialorusini i Zydzi. Translation: The Soviet methods were particularly misleading. The numbers were correct, but the victims were overwhelmingly not Russian, and came from either one of the two regimes."
 7,405,000 to 17,244,692 civilians and 13,000,000 to 19,350,000 German and Soviet soldiers alone 13,000,000 to 19,350,000 killed by Generalplan Ost and Hunger Plan
 2,470,000Zemskov, Viktor N. (2012). "О масштабах людских потерь CCCР в Великой Отечественной Войне" [The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War]. Military Historical Archive (Военно-исторический архив) (in Russian). 9: 59–71 – via Demoskop Weehly vol. 559–560 (2013)Excludes:
Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. )
30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. . "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016.. to 11,149,692Includes:

Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence 7,420,379-(see: ????????? 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era.)
Deaths of forced laborers in Germany 2,164,313-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131.)
Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions 4,100,000-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease.)
Excludes:

Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. )
30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. . "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016.Non Jewish and Roma Soviet civilians killed
 (500,000Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): "an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks." died from Bombing of Soviet civilians alone)
 3,135,000 to 3,325,000 Non-Jewish Soviet POWs killed by Nazis
 1,800,000 to 2,770,000Tomasz Szarota; Wojciech Materski, eds. (2009). Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami [Poland 1939–1945. Human Losses and Victims of Repression under two Occupations]. Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. – Janusz Kurtyka; Zbigniew Gluza. Preface.: "ze pod okupacja sowiecka zginelo w latach 1939–1941, a nastepnie 1944–1945 co najmniej 150 tys [...] Laczne straty smiertelne ludnosci polskiej pod okupacja niemiecka oblicza sie obecnie na ok. 2 770 000. [...] Do tych strat nalezy doliczyc ponad 100 tys. Polaków pomordowanych w latach 1942–1945 przez nacjonalistów ukrainskich (w tym na samym Wolyniu ok. 60 tys. osób [...] Liczba Zydów i Polaków zydowskiego pochodzenia, obywateli II Rzeczypospolitej, zamordowanych przez Niemców siega 2,7– 2,9 mln osób." Translation: "It must be assumed losses of at least 150.000 people during the Soviet occupation from 1939 to 1941 and again from 1944 to 1945 [...] The total fatalities of the Polish population under the German occupation are now estimated at 2,770,000. [...] To these losses should be added more than 100,000 Poles murdered in the years 1942–1945 by Ukrainian nationalists (including about 60,000 in Volhynia [...] The number of Jews and Poles of Jewish ethnicity, citizens of the Second Polish Republic, murdered by the Germans amounts to 2.7–2.9 million people." – Waldemar Grabowski. German and Soviet occupation. Fundamental issues.: "Straty ludnosci panstwa polskiego narodowosci ukrainskiej sa trudne do wyliczenia," Translation: "The losses of ethnic Poles of Ukrainian nationality are difficult to calculate." Note: Polish losses amount to 11.3% of the 24.4 million ethnic Poles in prewar Poland and about 90 percent of the 3.3 million Jews of prewar times. The IPN figures do not include losses among Polish citizens of Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnicity. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161233/http://niniwa2.cba.pl/polska_1939_1945.htmPoles and other Non-Jews killed by Nazis in Poland
 1,500,000 to 3,500,000 Civilians in Germany killed by Killed by Soviet retaliation
 130,000Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. . to 500,000 killed in Porajmos (1/4 of Roma population)
 300,000 to 600,000 Serbians killed by the Ustaše"Croatia" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Yad Vashem. Glišic, Venceslav (January 12, 2006). "Žrtve licitiranja – Sahrana jednog mita, Bogoljub Kocovic". NIN (in Serbian). Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20130801090050/http://www.knjigainfo.com/index.php?gde=%40http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knjigainfo.com%2Fpls%2Fsasa%2Fbip.text%3Ftid%3D38347%40
 300,000Voglis, Polymeris (2006). "Surviving Hunger: Life in the Cities and the Countryside during the Occupation". In Gildea, Robert; Wievorka, Olivier; Warring, Anette. Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe. Oxford: Berg. pp. 16–41. .Baranowski, Shelley (2010). Nazi empire : German colonialism and imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 273. .Great Famine (Greece)
 275,000 to 300,000 killed in Aktion T4"Exhibition catalogue in German and English" (PDF). Berlin, Germany: Memorial for the Victims of National Socialist ›Euthanasia‹ Killings. 2018. "Euthanasia Program" (PDF). Yad Vashem. 2018. Chase, Jefferson (January 26, 2017). "Remembering the 'forgotten victims' of Nazi 'euthanasia' murders". Deutsche Welle. https://www.stiftung-denkmal.de/fileadmin/user_upload/projekte/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/pdf/T4_Flyer_2015_EN_Web.pdf http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206303.pdf http://www.dw.com/en/remembering-the-forgotten-victims-of-nazi-euthanasia-murders/a-37286088
 80,000 to 200,000 killed in Elimination of FreemasonsHodapp, Christopher (2013). Freemasonry for Dummies, 2. Edition. Wiley Publishing Inc. .
 77,000 members of German resistance against Nazism executedPeter Hoffmann "The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945"p.xiii
 20,000 to 25,000 SlovenesThe number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. This number only includes civilians: Slovene partisan POWs who died and resistance fighters killed in action are not included (their number is estimated at 27,000). These numbers however include only Slovenes from present-day Slovenia: it does not include Carinthian Slovene victims, nor Slovene victims from areas in present-day Italy and Croatia. These numbers are result of a 10-year-long research by the Institute for Contemporary History (Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino) from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The partial results of the research have been released in 2008 in the volume Žrtve vojne in revolucije v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Institute for Contemporary History, 2008), and officially presented at the Slovenian National Council
http://www.ds-rs.si/sites/default/files/dokumenti/zbornik_zrtve_vojne_in_revolucije.pdf
 18,000van der Zee, Henri A (1998), The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944–1945, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 304–5. to 22,000Barnouw, David (1999). De hongerwinter. .Dutch famine of 1944–45
 7,000 Spanish Republican killedPike, David Wingeate. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube; Editorial: Routledge Chapman & Hall . London, 2000.
 5,000 to 15,000 Homosexuals killedThe Holocaust Chronicle, Publications International Ltd., p. 108.
 1,250 to 5,000 Jehovah's Witnesses killedShulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933–1939. Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.洪秀全10,000,000100,000,00031,622,777中国(清)1851186413 years「太平天国の乱」も参照王莽38,587,158中国(新)82315
years　左の推定値は新の時代の人口減少数である。
　この人口減少がすべて王莽の政策に起因する物かは不明であるが、うち40～60％は餓死によるものとされている。安禄山13,000,00036,000,00021,633,308中国(唐)7557638 years「安史の乱」も参照ヨシフ・スターリンソビエト連邦1922195331 years　彼の直接的な政策による死者数を考えると、
ホロドモール

　700万～1450万

対日参戦

　186,594吉田裕 2017, p. 64.「地域別兵員及び死没者概数表」厚生省援護局1964年3月伊藤正徳・5 1961, p. 209.

シベリア抑留

　58,232ロシア連邦政府等から提供された抑留者に関する資料の公表（特定者の追加掲載）について令和元年12月6日、厚生労働省。-70,000伊藤正徳・5 1961, p. 194.

継続戦争

　387,333

冬戦争

　153,736-194,837

強制移住：1,124,203-1,912,392

(出典は元記事参照)

大粛清

681,692Getty, J. Arch; Rittersporn, Gábor; Zemskov, Viktor (1993). "Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence" (PDF). American Historical Review. 98 (4): 1022. doi:10.2307/2166597. JSTOR 2166597。-1,704,230Wielka czystka by Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski, ISBN 83-07-02122-7

ドイツ人追放

　200万人

　また、彼の間接的な政策による死者数を考えると、

大戦直後の飢饉：90万Ó Gráda, Cormac (2019). "The famines of WWII". Centre for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved 2022-01-03. One famine cost 100,000 lives in Tokyo in the second half of 1945; another was the Soviet famine of 1946–1947. The latter was proportionately most severe in Moldova, where 100,000 or 5% of the population perished, but most costly in numbers of lives in Ukraine (300,000) and elsewhere in the Soviet Union (500,000) (Ellman 2000: 611–617, Vallin et al. 2012: 70). Elsewhere, despite Truman's warning, malnutrition was widespread but famine was averted (Aldous 2010, Collingham 2011: 467–474).

朝鮮戦争：150万～450万Lacina, Bethany (September 2009). "The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0" (PDF). Peace Research Institute Oslo. pp. 359–362. 2019年8月30日閲覧。

スターリンによって成立した他国の共産党政府による死者

　ルーマニア：6万

　　　　　　　～43.5万

　ブルガリア:3.1万

　　　　　　　～22万

　ポーランド：22,000

　ハンガリー：27,000

　東ドイツ：7万～10万ヴィルヘイム2世14,413,868ドイツ帝国1888191830 years　戦争責任については様々な議論がある。
　彼の帝国主義政策によってビスマルク体制を崩壊に導いた。もしドイツが同盟国とともにセルビアに侵攻し、ロシアとの対立をあおらなければ第一次世界大戦は発生しなかったと考えられる。
　左の推定は、内政に起因するものが多いオスマン帝国での民間人死者を除いた、第一次世界大戦によるあらゆる犠牲者の合計である。

　具体的な数値の根拠は「第一次世界大戦の犠牲者」参照近衛文麿6,976,19722,910,00012,642,178大日本帝国、中華民国臨時政府193719414
years　彼によって決定された中国への派兵・侵攻によって日中戦争が、仏印進駐等による日米関係の悪化によって太平洋戦争が勃発する主要因となった。　
　左の推定は、日中戦争におけるすべての犠牲者と、太平洋戦争における日米軍の犠牲者を合わせたものである。

　ただ中国国民政府によって引き起こされた黄河決壊といった、日本政府の政策に関係のない事件の犠牲者は分は除いた。

　また、日本の戦争責任については未だに様々な議論がある。ティムール8,000,00017,000,00011,661,904ティムール朝1370140535 years蔣介石中華民国1928194618 years　主に徴兵キャンペーンから。また穀物の没収やその他の残虐行為からも。ニコライ2世9,994,18010,437,54910,213,458ロシア帝国1868191850 years　戦争責任については様々な議論がある。
　ロシア帝国は、彼の統治下でフランスと同盟を結びながら中央同盟国と敵対し、先頭によって多くの犠牲者を生んだ。(第一次世界大戦、オスマン帝国の第一次世界大戦への参戦（英語版）、ロシア帝国の第一次世界大戦への参戦（英語版）の記事も参照)
　また、南下政策によって日露戦争の原因も作った。

　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦におけるロシア、フランス、ドイツ、オーストリア＝ハンガリーにおける戦没者、オスマン帝国における戦死者、および日露戦争での戦死者も含む。

　また、具体的な犠牲者数の根拠は「第一次世界大戦の犠牲者」も参照ウラジミール・レーニン1,250,00015,000,0004,330,127ソ連191719247 years「ロシア革命」、「ロシア内戦」、「ロシア飢饉(1921－1922)」も参照フェルディナンド2世4,000,00012,000,0006,928,203神聖ローマ帝国1619163718 yeas「三十年戦争」も参照レオポルド2世コンゴ自由国13 yearsPrivate forces under the control of Leopold II of Belgium carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally rubber. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment. Estimates of the death toll vary considerably due to the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924. See also: Atrocities in the Congo Free State東条英機7,390,000大東亜共栄圏
(大日本帝国)194119443 years　左記の推定値は彼が主導した太平洋戦争において新たに占領した地域での死者数のうち、イギリスによる影響が強かったインドでの死者を除いたものである。アウラングゼーブ5,000,000ムガル帝国1658170749 years「デカン戦争」も参照ナポレオン・ボナパルト3,500,0007,000,0004,949,747フランス帝国1803181513
years「 ナポレオン戦争」も参照エルナン・コルテス729,00024,300,0004,208,883スペイン帝国1519154728 years　具体的な数値はわからないが、彼が征服したアステカメキシコにおいて2430万人の原住民が減少し(ここから最大推定値を計算)、少なくともその3％が病気以外によるものであることから最低推定値を計算した。
「コンキスタドール」、「スペインによるアステカ王国の征服」も参照ローラン・カビラ2,738,0006,285,0004,148,292コンゴ民主共和国199720014 years「第一次・第二次コンゴ戦争」も参照煬帝3,600,000隋(中国)60461814 years京杭大運河建設:250万人
高句麗への侵攻:302,300人
(厳密にはサルスの戦い(英語版)における死傷者の合計。個別記事より、死傷者のうち大半は死亡したと考えられる。)

隋から唐への移行(英語版):100万人冉閔1,700,0007,500,0003,570,714冉魏
（現在の中国の山西・河北省、北京・天津市にあたる）3503522 years　後趙が当時漢人から3万人の婦女を徴発したり財産の大半を没収するなど苛政を続けていたことへの報復として、20万人にも及ぶ羯族や漢人以外の民衆を虐殺した。また、羌族の姚襄の軍に大敗して死者10万を出した
　また、その後彼がさまざまな人種の数百万人(2～9百万人とする)の移民を率いて逃亡させたが、途中、彼らはお互いを攻撃し、故郷に戻ることができたのは10人中2,3人だけだった。
　以上のことから彼による死者は(200×0.7＋20＋10)
～(900×0.8＋20＋10)万人と考えた。金日成1,900,0006,000,0003,376,389北朝鮮1949199455 years朝鮮戦争
　150万～450万

強制収容所

　40万～150万

(死後後継者によって行われた分も含む)R
a

n

a

v

a

l

o

n

a 

Iマダガスカル1829184213 years　彼女は、ほとんどの外国貿易関係を断絶し、自給自足政策を推進しました。この政策は、長年続く伝統である「ファノポアナ」（税金や物資の支払いに代わる強制労働）の頻繁な活用により実現されました。先代のラダマ1世が展開した拡張戦争を継続し、自身の支配領域を島全体に拡大するべく努め、その意志に反する行為をした者に対して厳罰を科しました。軍事キャンペーンの年月における多数の犠牲者、ファノポアナ労働者の高い死亡率、そして彼女の統治下での厳しい司法伝統により、マダガスカルの人口は1833年から1839年の間に約500万人から250万人に、イメリナでは1829年から1842年の間に75万人から13万人に減少したと推定されています。 　これらの統計は、歴史的記録においてラナヴァロナの統治に対して強く否定的な見方を生み出しています。Laidler (2005)ポル・ポトカンボジア1963
（党書記長就任）1985
（反ベトナム同盟辞職）22　yearsカンボジア大虐殺
　犠牲者数:1,386,738　　　　　～3,400,000

(ポル・ポトとクメール・ルージュの支配下にあるカンボジアの住民における、恣意的な拷問、処刑、飢餓、強制労働による死亡者数。これには、クメール人（主要な民族グループ）の殺害だけでなく、クメール・ルージュによる宗教的・民族的少数派に対するジェノサイドも含まれる。最低死亡者数は、キリング・フィールドで発見された遺体の数である。)

カンボジア内戦

　犠牲者数：40万～60万Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia." In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L’Harmattan, 1995).Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.

カンボジア・ベトナム戦争

　犠牲者数：3万通常、ベトナム側の資料では相反した数を示すが、ベトナム軍の将官であるTran Cong Manは以下のように述べた。「10年に及ぶカンボジア内の作戦で15,000名が死亡し、また他に30,000名が負傷した。」したがってこの数字には、1975年から1978年までの時期の犠牲者は含まれない。 Thayer, 10Khoo, p. 127ウィンストン・チャーチル1,500,0004,000,0002,449,490イギリス194019456 yearsWar-related administrative policies in India by him ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll  (Bengal famine).リンドン・ジョンソン966,0003,800,0002,383,000アメリカ196319696 years「ベトナム戦争」も参照フビライハン1,500,0003,500,0002,291,288モンゴル帝国1260129434 years　Copilotに「フビライハンによる死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と聞いた時の回答を用いた金正日北朝鮮1993201118 years苦難の行軍による死者数
　60万

～500万

1972年～2018年における

強制収容所での死者数

　40万～150万

(左の推定では上記の期間における死者数が毎年同じだと仮定して、1993年～2011年における死者数を有効数字2桁で概算した)

　また、現在まで続く北朝鮮の状況については「北朝鮮人権問題」も参照タラート・パシャオスマン帝国191319185 yearsUnder the Young Turks' regime whose leader is him, the Ottoman Empire committed various genocides and ethnic cleansings. The death toll is derived from the sum of the death tolls of the Armenian Genocide (800,000 to 1,500,000), Assyrian Genocide (150,000 to 300,000), Greek Genocide (289,000 to 750,000), ethnic cleansing of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 (50,000 to 60,000), and the Great Famine of Mount Lebanon (200,000).ヤクブ・ゴウォン2,045,0002,075,0002,059,945ナイジェリア196619759 years「ビアフラ戦争」も参照シャルル十世1,380,0002,980,0002,027,905フランス王国182418306 years　アルジェリア侵略で98万～148万、また、それによってのちに引き起こされたアルジェリア戦争によって
40～150万人が犠牲になった。
　具体的な数値の根拠は各記事を参照レオニード・ブレジネフ2,015,0002,015,0002,015,000ソビエト連邦1964198218 years「アフガニスタン紛争」も参照豊臣秀吉1,000,0003,440,000朝鮮の人口推移：1392年(554万人)、1522年(1061万人)、1591年(1409万人)、1637年(1063万人)、1822年(1621万人)、1910年(1742万人)。Estimated data are from Kwon and Sin, "Choson." Composite recorded data are from the Hogu ch'ongsu (1789); Choson Wangjo Sillok entries and T'akchiji entries are from the Seoul National University edition of the Hogu ch'ongsu; records from 1864 to 1924 are from Zensho, Chosen. The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Mar., 2008), pp. 244-2821,854,724日本159115998 years　これは、豊臣秀吉によって行われた文禄・慶長の役の犠牲者のみについて記したものであり、天下統一までに行われた先頭による死者は、せいとうぼうえいとして含まないとする。ハーバート・ヘンリー・アスキス1,796,597イギリス帝国190819168 yeas　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦への参戦による自国とアフリカ戦線における犠牲者の合計。
　詳しい数値の根拠は
「第一次世界大戦の犠牲者」も参照オマル・アル＝バシールスーダン1989201929 years 1 to 2 million: Second Sudanese Civil War
63,000 to 530,000:Darfur genocideアッピウス・クラウディウス・カウデクス1,320,0002,010,0001,628,865古代ローマ紀元前
264?　第一次ポエニ戦争を扇動し、それがその後の第二次ポエニ戦争、第三次ポエニ戦争の原因にもなった。また、高い推定は、傭兵戦争のカルタゴ反乱軍の兵士数も含む。アレクサンドロス3世1,300,000＋1,800,000＋1,529,706+アルゲアス朝マケドニア王国
（古代ギリシャ）紀元前336紀元前32313 yearsWars of Alexander the Great
100万人以上

ディアドコイ戦争（後継者を決めなかった彼の死後に起こった）

30万～80万

(Copilotに「ディアドコイ戦争による死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と質問したときの回答を用いた)スハルト++インドネシア1965199833 years65/66 Politicide: 500,000 to 3,000,000 "communists"East Timor Atrocities: 60,000 to 308,000 East TimoreseWest Papua Atrocities: 100,000 papuansPetrus Killings: 2,000 to 10,000 suspected criminalsフランシスコ・ピサロ256,3508,582,0001,483,238スペイン帝国1531154110 years　具体的な数値はわからないが、彼が大半を征服した、現在のチリ、ペルー、ボリビアにあたる地域において、854.5万～858.2万人の原住民が減少し、（最大推定値はこれを用いた）少なくともその3％が病気以外によるものであることから最低推定値を計算した。
「コンキスタドール」、「スペインによるアステカ王国の征服」も参照ガイウスユリウスカエサル1,460,000古代ローマ紀元前
61紀元前
4417 years「ガリア戦争」も参照シャカ・ズールー1,000,0002,000,0001,414,214南アフリカ1816182812 years「Mfecane」も参照メンギスツ・ハイレ・マリアムエチオピア1977198710 years1983-1985エチオピア飢饉（英語版）、
エチオピア内戦も参照アレキサンドル2世1,000,0002,000,0001,414,213ロシア帝国1855188126 years　左の数値は、彼が承認したチェルケス人虐殺(英語版も参照)による死者数を表している。ヤヒヤー・ハーン400,0003,600,0001,200,000パキスタン196919712 years「バングラデシュ独立戦争」も参照張献忠1,000,000Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary. Routledge. p. 379. 。 from J.B. Parsons, The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty (University of Arizona Press), 1970.1,000,0001,000,000中国(明)164416462 years杜文秀1,000,000中国(清)1856187317 years「パンゼーの乱(英語版)」も参照アブドゥッラフマーン・ハーン400,0002,500,0001,000,000アフガニスタン1880190121 years上記の「ハザーラ人の虐殺」の項目を参照Bagosora750,0001,174,000938,349ルワンダ199419941 years「ルワンダ虐殺」も参照チャールズ1世876,000876,000876,000ブリテン諸島1629164920 years　圧政により三国戦争を起こさせ、彼が拒否した立憲君主制が成立するまで多くの人が犠牲となった。
　上述の「清教徒革命」も参照李承晩600,0001,200,000848,528大韓民国1919196041 years｢保導連盟事件」も参照フェルディナンド1世700,000ルーマニア王国1914192713 years　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦への参戦による自国の犠牲者数
　具体的な数値の根拠は「第一次世界大戦の犠牲者」も参照フランクリン･ルーズベルト427,5941,086,594681,631アメリカ1933194512
yearsヤルタ会談によって約束したソ連対日参戦
186,594人

日本本土空襲

241,000~900,000人ニコライ一世615,378673,015643,552ロシア帝国1825185530 years「クリミア戦争（英語版）」も参照ホー・チ・ミンベトナム195319563 yearsland reform in North Vietnam
　19.5万～86.5万人　SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF (899×5509) (hawaii.edu)line.329

民衆殺戮(後継者によるものも含む)　13.3万～30.4万人　SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF (899×5509) (hawaii.edu)line.472フランシスコ・ソラーノ・ロペス300,0001,200,000600,000パラグアイ186218697 yearsパラグアイ戦争を参照シャルル・ド・ゴール597,000597,000597,000フランス194419462 years「第1次インドシナ戦争」も参照サダム・フセイン487,876682,876577,199イラク1979200324 years数値の根拠は、上記の「イラン･イラク戦争」・「湾岸戦争」、および
「Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Ira」：2,500-12,500

「1991 Iraqi uprising」：30,000-185,000

「Persecution of Feyli Kurds in Ba'athist Iraq」：25,000

を参照アンテ・パヴェリッチ
Nikola Mandićクロアチア194119454 yearsSee also: Independent State of Croatiaアンドレ・マサンガイッサ
英語版300,5001,025,500555,124モザンビーク共和国197719792 years　左の推定は、彼が始めたRENAMOによるモザンビーク内戦における、戦死者、餓死者、RENAMOの虐殺による死者のすべてを合わせたものである。ハドリアヌス500,000+カシウス・ディオ、アーネスト・ケアリーによる翻訳。ローマ史、本69、12.1-14.3。ローブ古典図書館、9巻、ギリシャ語のテキストと英語の翻訳に直面している:ハーバード大学出版局、1914年から1927年。LacusCurtiusのオンラインおよび livius.org:アーカイブ 2016-08-13 で Wayback Machine.インターネットアーカイブの本のスキャン。600,000+547,723古代ローマ11713819 years「バル・コクバの反乱」も参照サモラ・マシェル255,5001,150,500542,174モザンビーク共和国1975198611 years　左の推定は、彼が主導したFRELIMOによって行われたモザンビーク内戦における、戦死者、餓死者、およびFRELIMOの弾圧による死者数をすべて合わせたものである。Gessius Florus250,0001,100,000524,404古代ローマ64662 years「First Jewish–Roman War」も参照バーラージー・バージー・ラーオ490,000
James Grant Duff "History of the Mahrattas, Vol II (Ch. 5), Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1826"T. S. Shejwalkar, "Panipat 1761" (in Marathi and English) Deccan College Monograph Series. I., Pune (1946)550,000519,134マラーター王国1740176121 years始皇帝320,000800,000505,964秦(中国)紀元前247紀元前21037 years　左の推定はCopilotに「始皇帝による強制労働と匈奴対策による死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と質問したときの回答ウィリアム・マッキンリー230,2001,024,200485,562アメリカ189719014 years「米比戦争」も参照バッシャール・アサドシリア2011202413 yearsSee also: Syrian Civil War乾隆帝420,000＋480,000＋448,999＋中国(清)1735179661 years「ジュンガル虐殺(英語版)」を主導。また、十全武功によっても多くの死者が発生したが、左の推定には含んでいない。インノケンティウス三世　200,000+1,000,000+447,214+ヨーロッパ1198121618 years　左の数値はアルビジョア十字軍のみによるものであり、第4回十字軍などの他の虐殺は含まないラグージー・ボーンスレー400,000+マラーター王国
(インド)1738175517 years「Maratha invasions of Bengal」も参照メフメト4世380,000+オスマン帝国1648168739 years左の数値は大トルコ戦争による犠牲者についてのみ考えたものであるモハメド・シアド・バーレ300,000400,000346,410ソマリア1969199122 yearsソマリア内戦を参照ベニート・ムッソリーニイタリア、リビア、エチオピア、ユーゴスラビア、ギリシア1922194524 years 80,000Duggan, Christopher (2007). The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 497. to 125,000 or over 1/4 of the CyrenaicanPacification of Libya
 Ethiopia in which 62,000 to 485,000 Second Italo-Abyssinian War"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". necrometrics.com. https://necrometrics.com/index.htm#Eth35
 11,000Doxiadis, Sacrifices of Greece, Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77War crimes in Greece
 5,000Rudolph J. Rummel. "Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900." LIT Verlag, 1998. Page 168. to 7,000.War crimes in Yugoslavia魯鴻桃
(英語版)250,000400,000316,228ベトナム1072112856 years「Song–Đại Việt war」も参照ウラジミール・プーチン251,588+364,588+302,863ロシア2000現在over 25 years　「ロシアのウクライナ侵攻」の2024年以降のデータを参照
　戦死者数の低い推定は、ウクライナの2024年12月8日発表の両国戦死者総数から、高い推定は、戦略国際問題研究所の2025年6月発表の両国の戦死者総数から算出した。

　また、民間人死者数は2024年2月22日の国連発表を、北朝鮮兵士の死者はウクライナ発表の6人を参考にし、上記の推定に加えた。ジョージ・Ｗ・ブッシュ244,124266,427255,031アメリカ200120098 years　彼の引き起こした対テロ戦争によって多くの民間人が巻き込まれた。詳しくはhttp://www.icti-e.com/,http://icta.m-shonan.jp/を参照フランシスコ・フランコスペイン、オーストラリア、ロシア1939197536 yearsDiseases and starvation: 130,000 (1939–1943)Repression: 30,000–100,000 (1939–1948)Prison camps: 20,000 (1939–1943)Spanish Maquis: 5,548 (1939–1965)World War II: 5,000 (Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria)Blue Division: Casualties in the Russo-German conflict totalled 22,700. In action against the Blue Division, the Red Army suffered 49,300 casualties.フィリペ2世100,000500,000223,607オランダ1555159843 years左の推定は、彼の弾圧によって生じた80年戦争による死者数イディ・アミンウガンダ 1971 19798 yearsIdi Amin's rule of Uganda saw excessive and egregious human rights abuses toward ethnic minorities and political opposition, earning him the nickname "The Butcher of Uganda."ヨシップ・ブロズ・チトーユーゴスラビア1944198036 yearsオリバー・クロムウェル260,000254,951アイルランド島165316583 years「クロムウェルのアイルランド侵略」も参照アブー・バクル・アル＝バグダーディー232,500+イラク201420195 years「イスラム国」、「イラクでの戦い（2013-2017年）」も参照シンビュシン
(英語版)200,000ミャンマー
(コンバウン王朝)1763177613 years泰麺戦争(1765年-1767年)・（英語版）クラウディウス1329197,336古代ローマ415413 years　左の推定価は、彼の始めたブリテン島の征服(英語版)によるものも含むハリー･S･トルーマン150,000246,000192,094アメリカ194519538 years｢日本への原子爆弾投下」を参照フェルディナント187,500ブルガリア1887191828 tears第一次世界大戦参戦による自国での死者足利尊氏130,000260,000183,848日本1338135820 years　左の推定はCopilotに「足利尊氏による死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と質問したときの回答ゲオルゲ・ゲオルギュ＝デジValentino (2005) Final solutions Table 2 found at pg. 75.ルーマニア1945198944 years　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えたルーマニア共産党政権によるルーマニアの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。ウィリアム1世120,000175,000145,775ノルマンディー公国(フランス)1035108752 years　左の推定はCopilotに「ノルマンコンクエストによる死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と質問したときの回答イヴァン4世ロシア帝国1533158451 years織田信長80,000150,000109,544尾張国
(日本)1552頃家督継承158230 years　Copilotに「織田信長による死者数の範囲を考えてみてください」と聞いた時の回答を参考にしたフエン・トン・バット
英語版95,000SOD.TAB6.1B.GIF (899×5387) (hawaii.edu)line.67595,00095,000南ベトナム197519761 years「再教育キャンプ」も参照聖宗90,000+契丹
(中国北東部)982103149 years「契丹の高麗侵攻」も参照ジャン＝ベデル・ボカサ中央アフリカ共和国1966197610 yearsサルマン国王サウジアラビア2016present3 yearsSee also: Famine in Yemenヴルコ・チェルヴェンコフHanna Arendt Center in Sofia, with Dinyu Sharlanov and Venelin I. Ganev. Crimes Committed by the Communist Regime in Bulgaria. Country report. "Crimes of the Communist Regimes" Conference. February 24–26, 2010, Prague.Шарланов, Диню. История на комунизма в Булгария: Комунизирането на Булгариия. Сиела, 2009; .ブルガリア194419545 years　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えたブルガリア共産党政権によるブルガリアの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。マルコス80,000フィリピン1965198621 years粛清・モロ紛争による死者も含むヘンリー8世イングランド1509154738 years徳川家康30,350162,60070,249日本160016166 years彼が主導した戦いによる死者数
・関ヶ原の戦い(諸説あり)

12,000『開原始未記』-42,600『開原軍記大成』　『関原合戦記』

・大坂の陣
18,350-120,000ウォルター・ウルブリヒト70,00070,00070,000東ドイツ1950197121 years　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えたドイツ社会主義統一党政権による東ドイツの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。ヴラド3世Stoicescu, Vlad Țepeș p. 99ワラキア145614626 yearsクレメント・ゴットワルトチェコスロバキア1948196820 years　左の推定は、彼が主導した1948年の政変によって成立した共産主義体制による犠牲者をすべて含む。フランシスコ・マシアス・ンゲマ赤道ギニア1968197911 yearsMacías Nguema is regarded as one of the most kleptocratic, corrupt, and dictatorial leaders in post-colonial African history. Sources vary, but he was responsible for the deaths of anywhere from 50,000 to 80,000 of the 300,000 to 400,000 people living in the country at the time.ラファエル・トルヒーヨ50,00050,000ドミニカ共和国193019388 yearsフランソワ・デュヴァリエハイチ1957197114 years Duvalier's rule based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the , and the use of cult of personality, resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians, and the exile of many more.イッセン・ハブレチャド198219908 yearsIn May 2016, Hissène Habré was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, sexual slavery, and ordering the killing of 40,000 people. He was sentenced to life in prison. He is the first former head of state to be convicted for human rights abuses in the court of another nation.ティベリウス38,000古代ローマ143723 years松倉勝家28,13042,71234,662島原藩
(江戸幕府)163016388 years「島原の乱」も参照フェデル・カストロ"It has so far verified the names of 9,240 victims of the Castro regime and the circumstances of their deaths. Archive researchers meticulously insist on confirming stories of official murder from two independent sources.
Cuba Archive President Maria Werlau says the total number of victims could be higher by a factor of 10."キューバ1961200645 yearsHuman rights in Cuba are under the scrutiny of Human Rights Watch, which accuses the Cuban government of systematic human rights abuses. This includes offenses such as arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial execution. ホメイニ師イラン1979198910 years4,482 to 30,000 in P.O.C. massacre6,000 to 18,000 child soldiers killed(refer to earlier tables on page)ボレスワフ・ビエルトポーランド人民共和国1948195644 yearsポーランド統一労働者党初代党首
左の推定は、民主化(1987年)までのすべての犠牲者も含む。トマス・デ・トルケマダスペイン帝国1480149818 yearsMinimum death toll only includes lowest estimate of those burned at the stake, whereas the maximum death toll also includes those who died from hunger and torture.ラーコシ・マーチャーシュハンガリー194819568 years150,000 perished in concentration camps, and only counts the 5,000 alleged spies and 2,000 party members executed, noting that 5,000 spies came from only 98,000 out of 700,000 alleged spies.「ハンガリー共産党」も参照エンヴェル・ホッジャアルバニア1941198544 yearsダニエル・フランソワ・マラン南アフリカ194819546 years　左の推定は、彼が確立させたアパルトヘイト政策による犠牲者数の推定。ティベリウス古代ローマ143723 yearsカリグラ古代ローマ37414 yearsジョニー・ポール・コロマシエラレオネ199719981 yearネロ古代ローマ546814 years

 脚注 

 注釈 

 出典 

関連項目

 戦闘の死傷者数一覧

外部リンク

 Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II
Top 100 aviation disasters on AirDisaster.com

Category:事件の一覧
Category:事故の一覧
Category:人的災害
Category:歴史の一覧