ブラジルにおける売春

ブラジルにおける売春は、合法であり、大人の売春を禁じる法律は存在しない。
しかし、売春宿を運営すること、または売春婦を別の方法で雇うことは違法である。Gabriela Silva Leite, PBS Online NewsHour, 13 July 2003

程度
近年の信頼できる売春者の合計の概算書は存在しない。

1990年代の終わり発行された、国際性百科辞典（International Encyclopedia of Sexuality）によると、警察はブラジルにおける売春者の合計は100万人と見積もっている。Brazil, International Encyclopedia of Sexuality

連邦警察の見積もりによると、25万人以上の子供が児童買春に巻き込まれているとしている。http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136103.htm

近年に発行されたProtection Projectのレポートによると、さまざまな公式な資料と適合すると25万人から50万人の子供が売春の生活をしている。その他のブラジルの資料によると200万人位の子供が関わっている。

2002年、性労働者団体ダヴィダ（Davida）の圧力によりブラジルの労働局（Brazilian Ministry of Labor）は、性労働者（Sex worker）という言葉を公式に職業リストに追加した。Von der Sexarbeiterin zur Prostituierten, Lateinamerika Nachrichten, November 2005. 

売春は取り締まられてはいない（健康診断の義務、許可の発行はおこなわれていない）。しかし町の売春者およびコールガールは政府の公式な年金に加入することができ、引退した時に手当が払われる。

ブラジル政府のサイト
政府のウェブサイトにおいて、性職業におけるブラジルの労働大臣（Brazil’s Labor and Employment Ministry Primer on Sex Professional）では売春について公式なアドバイスをしており、それには売春者になるためには、論争の資料

The government's website on prostitution Brazil’s Labor and Employment Ministry Primer on Sex Professional, offering advise for those who wish to became prostitutes, has been the source of controversy, with some accusing the government of encouraging prostitution.https://www.brazzil.com/component/content/article/169-july-2006/9649.html The site, among others, teaches prostitutes how to "get an encounter", advising them to
"become visually appealing; wait in place (to wait for someone who didn't promise to come); seduce with the look; approach the customer; charm with the voice; seduce with affectionate nicknames; conquer with the touch; involve with perfume;
offer the customer specialties; recognize the customer's potential; dance for the customer; dance with the customer; satisfy the customer's ego; praise the customer"

2008年の終わり発行されたに政府による公式なレポートによると、

The press reported at the end of 2008 that a government official has announced that the site would be "toned down", following criticism by the media. The law professor Luiz Flavio Gomes has told the O Globo newspaper in its online edition that "What is on the site gives the impression of an apology for sexual exploitation." http://www.metro.co.uk/news/world/378227-official-website-gives-tips-to-prostitutes

The job of a prostitute is called "Professional of sex" and is described as follows: "They [the prostitutes] work on their own initiative, in the street, in bars, night-clubs, hotels, harbor, highways and in garimpos (gold prospecting places). They act in different environments: open air, closed places and inside vehicles, in irregular schedules. In the exercise of some of their activities they can be exposed to vehicles gases, to bad weather, to sound pollution and to social discrimination. There are still risks of getting STD infections, bad-treatment, street violence and death."

It is also stated that: "For the exercise of the profession is required that the workers take part in workshops on
safe sex, offered by the category associations. Other complementary courses of
professional formation, such as, beauty courses, personal care, budget planning, as well as vocational courses for alternative sources of income also are offered by the
associations, in several states.
Access to the career is open to those who are 18 or older; the average education is
between fourth and seventh grade. Full performance of activities occurs after two years of
experience."

歴史
リオ・デ・ジャネイロにおける最も売春宿があるのはカサ・ロサであり、国家的なランドマークや博物館などで

One of the most famous brothels in Rio de Janeiro was the Casa Rosa, which some have advocated being made a national landmark or museum.
Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore. Brazzil June 2003

世論
1998年の世論調査で人口の64パーセントが売春はインモラルで違法にするべきと思っており、29パーセントが他の

49パーセント（女性の64パーセント）は売春を好んでいるならやってもいいと思っている。

64% of the population (according to a 1998 poll) think prostitution is immoral and should be made illegal, 29% see it as a job as any other. Fifty nine percent (64% of women) believe that prostitutes do what they do because they like it.
RAPIDINHAS Brazzil February 1998

政治
緑の党の設立者であるフェルナンド・ガベイラは、

Fernando Gabeira founder of the Green Party has been a strong voice for sex workers' rights in Brazil and introduced legislation in Congress to recognise prostitution as a profession. The bill was defeated in 2007.
Congress defeats Greens legalisation bill. Nov 8 2007

性労働者団体

Brazilian sex workers have campaigned for the repeal of laws criminalising the maintenance of whorehouses and pimping. Those offenses carry sentences from two to five years in prison. They demanded that they should pay social benefits and get all the privileges like any other worker. The National Network of Sex Professionals (Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas)
Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas
was angry at the Beijing's (4th) International Conference on Women for their condemnation of prostitution. Their leader, ex-prostitute and sociologist Gabriela da Silva Leite, said that she had classes with sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso at Universidade de Săo Paulo, who later became Brazil's president.
[For a free body market Rapidinhas Brazzil Nov 1995]

HIV/エイズ

2003年の見積もりによるとブラジルの6パーセントの売春者はHIVに感染しているとされている。

In 2003, it was estimated that about 6% of Brazilian prostitutes were infected with HIV. Because of information campaigns, condom use among prostitutes is high.

アメリカの反HIV/エイズの基金はブラジルの政府への基金を2005年に4億ドルに減らした。アメリカ政府は

The Brazilian government turned down $40 million in U.S. anti-HIV/AIDS funding in 2005, because the U.S. government required all recipients to sign an anti-prostitution pledge. Brazil's AIDS commissioner Pedro Chequer was quoted as saying "Sex workers are part of implementing our AIDS policy and deciding how to promote it. They are our partners. How could we ask prostitutes to take a position against themselves?"
Just Say Não, The Nation, 12 May 2005
The Brazilian anti-AIDS program, which employs prostitutes to hand out information and free condoms, is considered by the United Nations to be the most successful in the developing world.Where Prostitutes Also Fight AIDS, Washington Post, 2 March 2006

児童買春
ブラジルにおける児童買春は広範囲における重大な問題となっている。ブラジルはタイの次に児童買春の人身売買の数が多い。高い水準の貧困と国の不平等経済に絡んでいる。

ブラジルの政府は外国の旅行者が買春ツアーのためにブラジルに来ることに挫折している。 including child prostitution. The government of Brazil is working stringently to clamp down particularly at child prostitution.

外国における買春
沢山のブラジル人の買春者がアメリカの一部の地域、西ヨーロッパ（ポルトガル、スペイン、オランダ、イギリス）で見つかっている。

買春観光
ブラジルへ買春観光（Sex tourism）に来る旅行者は至る所に存在する。しかし見かけ上は北東部、南部、南東部などの沿岸のリゾートタウン、主要な観光地であるリオ・デ・ジャネイロ、フォルタレザ、セアラー、そして野生動物保護区の観光地であるパンタナル、アマゾン熱帯雨林などに多く存在する。

2006年にブラジリア大学の研究によると1514人の観光客のうち4分の1が買春を目的に

A 2006 University of Brasilia study found that approximately one-fourth of the 1,514 tourist destinations frequented by citizens had an active sexual commercial market for children and adolescents and also found, in combination with the SEDH and the UN Children's Fund, commercial sex involving children and adolescents in approximately one-sixth of the country's 5,561 municipalities.

人身売買
ブラジルの全ての場所で女性の人身売買が行われている。政府の報告によると人身売買の区域は全ての州と連邦地区で行われている。

National Research on Trafficking in Women, Children, and Adolescents for Sexual Exploitation Purposesによると241の国際的および国内の人身売買のルートが存在する。

 The National Research on Trafficking in Women, Children, and Adolescents for Sexual Exploitation Purposes identified 241 international and national trafficking routes. Persons exploited in trafficking schemes typically come from low-income families and usually have not finished high school.

ブラジルにおいて

It is estimated that Brazil is responsible for 15% of women trafficked in South America, a great majority being from the North and the Northeast.https://www.brazzillog.com/2004/html/articles/feb04/p107feb04.htm

出典

外部リンク

Prostitution Puts U.S. and Brazil at Odds on AIDS Policy
Brazil and UNICEF Join to End Child Prostitution
Brazil starts operation to curb 'sex tourism'
Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation
Factors That Contribute to the Trafficking Infrastructure

資料
 Pasini E. Sexo para quase todos: a prostituição feminina na Vila Mimosa (Sex for almost all: female prostitution in Vila Mimosa) Cadernos Pagu  no.25 Campinas July/Dec. 2005
Brazilian Sex Workers Don’t Mourn, They Organize. Brazilmax October 19 2005
Want to Be a Prostitute? The Brazilian Government Can Teach You How. Brazzil July 2006
Memories of My Good Friend, a Brazilian Whore. Brazzil January 2006
More sex please! We are Brazilian. Cover Story Brazzil June 1996
 Brazilian Sex Workers and the Transnational Performance of Masculinity. Gregory Mitchell, Interregnum Conference. 2008

移住,観光および人身売買
Adriana Gracia Piscitelli. Tropical sex in a European country: Brazilian women's migration to Italy in the frame of international sex tourism (Sexo tropical em um país europeu: migração de brasileiras para a Itália no marco do "turismo sexual" internacional) Estud. fem. vol.4 no.se Florianópolis  2008
 Blanchette, Thaddeus; Silva, Ana Paula. A mistura clássica: o apelo do Rio de Janeiro como destino para o turismo sexual. Rio de Janeiro: Leitura Crítica, 2004.
Silva, Ana Paula da  and  Grupo Davida et al. Prostitutas, "traficadas" e pânicos morais: uma análise da produção de fatos em pesquisas sobre o "tráfico de seres humanos". Cad. Pagu [online]. 2005, n.25, pp. 153-184. (Prostitutes, victims of trafficking and moral panics: an analysis of how facts are produced in research regarding "trafficking of human beings")

コパカバナ
 Silva A. P. da; Blanchette T. "Nossa Senhora da Help": sexo, turismo e deslocamentotransnacional em Copacabana. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, n. 25, p. 249-280, 2005. (Our Lady of Help: Sex, Tourism and Transnational Displacement in Copacabana)
Copacabana Crime Clean-up Aims to Restore the Glitter. Guardian Jan 17 2009
Rio nightclub closure leaves prostitutes Helpless. Guardian August 2009
It Was a Long Goodbye, But Help, Rio's Sex Temple, Is Closed. Brazzilmag Jan 7 2010

 性労働者の団体 
Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas
Davida
NEP (Núcleo de Estudos da Prostituição)

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