Rhizobium

Rhizobium er ættkvísl Gram-neikvæðra jarðvegs baktería sem binda nítrógen. Rhizobium mynda innanfrumusamlíf í sambandi við rætur ertuættar og Parasponia.

Bakteríurnar búa í plöntufrumum í rótarhnýðum þar sem þau umbreyta nitri í lofti í ammoníak og gefa af sér nitursambönd svo sem glútamín eða ureide til plöntunnar.  Á móti veitir plantan bakteríunum lífræn efni sem hún hefur myndað með ljóstillífun. Þetta er gagnkvæmt hagkvæmt samlífi sem er einkennandi fyrir Rhizobium ættkvíslina.

Saga
Beijerinck í Niðurlöndum var fyrstur til að einangra og rækta örveru úr rótum ertuplantna 1888. Hann nefndi hana Bacillus radicicola, og er hún nú staðsett í Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology undir ættkvíslinni Rhizobium.

Tegundir

Rhizobium aggregatum (Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur et al. 2011NOTE: This strain was formerly named Blastobacter aggregatus.
Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009

Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al. 2015
Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al. 2015

Rhizobium azibense Mnasri et al. 2014
Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al. 2016
Rhizobium bangladeshense Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
Rhizobium binae Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015

Rhizobium calliandrae Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013

Rhizobium capsici Lin et al. 2015
Rhizobium cauense Liu et al. 2015
Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007
Rhizobium daejeonense Quan et al. 2005
Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al. 2015
Rhizobium endolithicum Parag et al. 2014
Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2010
Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993NOTE: This species was formerly known as R. leguminosarum sv. phaseoli.
symbiovar mimosae
symbiovar phaseoli
Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008
Rhizobium flavum Gu et al. 2014
Rhizobium freirei Dall'Agnol et all. 2013

Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997
symbiovar gallicum
symbiovar orientaleNOTE: R. gallicum and R. mongolense are 99.2% identical in their rDNA and may be the same species. It has been proposed by Silva et al. that R. mongolense and R. yanglingense be reclassified as R. gallicum sv. orientale.
symbiovar phaseoli

Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2011
Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997
Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012
Rhizobium halotolerans Diange and Lee 2013

Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002
Rhizobium jaguaris Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
Rhizobium kunmingense Shen et al. 2010
Rhizobium laguerreae Saïdi et al. 2014

Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889
symbiovar trifolii
symbiovar viciae
Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014
Rhizobium lentis Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2011
Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003

Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006
"Candidatus Rhizobium massiliae" Greub et al. 2004. 
Rhizobium mayense Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013

Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2011
Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009
Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al. 2015
Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008
Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998
Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008
Rhizobium naphthalenivorans Kaiya et al. 2012

Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al. 2015

Rhizobium pakistanensis Khalid et al. 2014

Rhizobium paranaense Dall'Agnol et al. 2014
Rhizobium petrolearium Zhang et al. 2012
Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum Wen et al. 2011
Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
symbiovar trifolii
symbiovar viciae
Rhizobium pongamiae Kesari et al. 2013
Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al. 2014

Rhizobium qilianshanense Xu et al. 2013

Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001
Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al. 2014
Rhizobium rosettiformans Kaur et al. 2011

Rhizobium selenitireducens corrig. Hunter et al. 2008

Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al. 2014
Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010
Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al. 2014
Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al. 2014

Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al. 2014
Rhizobium subbaraonis Ramana et al. 2013
Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002

Rhizobium tarimense Turdahon et al. 2012
Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009
Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991
Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011

Rhizobium vallis Wang et all. 2011

Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001
Rhizobium yantingense Chen et al. 2015

Phylogeny
Núverandi viðurkennt ættartré samkvæmt List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature   og National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
og ættartréð er byggt á 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 frá The All-Species Living Tree Project All-Species Living Tree Project.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Yfirstandandi rannsólnir á Rhizobium leguminosarum hjá the Norwich Research Park
 Myndskeið um Rhizobium í hvítsmára

Flokkur:Jarðvegsbaktería