Gur languages

Gur languages, kuma ñọ mọ ru Central Gur  abẹ ki Mabia, chi abo ichi Niger–Congo nẹ. Ma a k'ichi ami ichi lẹ yi ami eju ọwọ  Sahelian kpai savanna eyi West Africa, odu ma dẹi: efu ami ugbo ojile yi Burkina Faso, manyu efu south-central Mali, northeastern Ivory Coast, the northern halves eyi Ghana kpai Togo, northwestern Benin, kpai southwestern Niger. Ma'ka ami ichi Gur re yi Nigeria. Manyu gẹ, ma'ka ichi Gur ka, Baatonum, yi Benin manyu ukpoji northwest eyi Nigeria. Ami ichi Gur oke oke mẹta omunẹ, Tusya, Vyemo kpai ami ich Tiefo, ma'ka yi Burkina Faso. Ichi Gur omunẹ kuma madu tẹ ugbo dun, Miyobe, ma'ka yi Benin kpai Togo. Manyu gẹ, ma'ka Kulango, Loma kpai Lorhon, yi Ghana, Ivory Coast kpai Burkina Faso. Manyu, abo re kuma ma'ka Mossi yi Senegal, kpai abo kuma ma'ka ichi Dagaare ño dẹ efu Cameroon. Ami ichi Samu eyi Burkina Faso che ichi Gur ma che.

 Amẹnwu ki l'ugbo ekọ nw 
Dabu ami ojile ami ichi Niger–Congo, ami okwọ okwọ ami ichi Gur  neke nẹ ọna kuma a du omi ọla ma kọ tanẹ  ;uwewe efu ami ichi ojele ñini fu eyi du wanẹ ti ọna kuma adu ña chẹnw k'onẹ che ẹnẹkẹlẹ abẹ ki onobulẹ abẹ ki ọna kuma adu ma ojoji ami ẹnwu kuma kọ abẹ ki ma ñọ nẹ ọna kuma a du omi ọla ma kọ tanẹ gẹn.Manessy (1968/71), Naden (1989)  Ẹnwu ka ki wewe jọ ugbu ami ichi Gur ina edu tẹ ugbo ẹnwu ki l'ugbo ẹnwu eche.  Ojile ami ichi Gur chaka che nẹ  omu, Koromfé  che ojoji kuma mọ. ọna ki omu eyi ami ichi Gur dẹ chẹ yagada . Ma che ujiwe ojile ami ichi Gur dabu ki lebọ ọna omu meji, ama ami ichi eyi ọwọ Oti-Volta kpai abo kibọ nẹ ọna omu mẹta.

 Ohiala eyi Ukọchẹ 

 Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle dọ ami ichi Gur mẹ gweji efu Polyglotta Africana nwu efu ọdọ 1854, e ki koji ẹkpẹru ami ichi ojiole ñini mẹgwa. Ẹtẹ eju gede nw che, i li ọgẹcha kakini ọgbọdu ami ichi chẹ mẹru ọla ma; 'North-Eastern High Sudan'  nwu che okate kpai Gur efu akpẹru eyi oji oleñini. 
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          "fill": "#00ACA7",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
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     , "title": "Kusaal Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[[-0.5009216,10.9976351,0],[-0.4693359,10.8789811,0],[-0.3938049,10.7413913,0],[-0.1507324,10.6968634,0],[-0.0655883,10.7629781,0],[-0.0175232,10.8182875,0],[-0.0175232,10.9099975,0],[0.0319153,10.9814578,0],[0.0236756,11.0636832,0],[-0.021643,11.1148938,0],[-0.0628418,11.0825513,0],[-0.1424926,11.105461,0],[-0.1383728,11.155317,0],[-0.2551025,11.1809154,0],[-0.2688354,11.1270214,0],[-0.3320068,11.1108512,0],[-0.3594726,11.0744651,0],[-0.380072,11.1324112,0],[-0.4240173,11.1189364,0],[-0.4267639,11.0488573,0],[-0.4583496,11.0272912,0],[-0.5009216,10.9976351,0]]]
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}Akwọra Gur eyi kuma dọ Voltaic akwobi, ki lebọ odu alu French (langues) Voltaïques (kuma du odi nwu manyu aji Volta ọla). Ma li ki i chẹ nana ti alu ki dẹ eñini le ẹgba ka akwobi, Senufo languages kpai ami uchẹ ichi rè re kuma kojọ defu ma. Abo wewe kuma kọchẹ ichi  kuma dẹ Gur jẹ ki Senufo d'efu nw n, Tony Naden.Naden, Tony. 1989:143 Williamson kpai BlenchWilliamson and Blench. 2000:18,25-6 d'efu abo kuma du Senufo tẹ ki che etọ ojoji efu Atlantic–Congo, alu kuma ko ami ichi non-Central Gur kibọ jọ mẹru ọla ma kuma che ẹtọ ojoji efu Savannas continuum.

Kleinewillinghöfer (ọdọ 2014) kọ tanẹ kakini abo kuma mẹru ọla ma tule eyi Gur che ami ẹtọ akwọra wewe Adamawa kuma ma dẹ gẹn, todu ki ami ichi "Adamawa" mẹru ami ichi Gur (eyi alumeji) tu ami ichi Adamawa kibọ le ochochi. I ka kakini  abo kuma a ka ichi Gur-Adamawa ejodudu lo uchẹ okodu kpai okoli efu anẹ ki ami  oli jọ.Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. Adamawa. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

 Akpẹru 
Ami ẹtọ kuma jọ oji ifoto anẹ lẹ dù ña denote ẹkojọ ami ẹtọ ami ichi Central Gur. Foto-oli tree-ki dẹ ọganẹ i du ña amẹru ki agbagba ami ichi yi kpai abo kuma mẹru ma tule:

  ?  Gur eyi ki  nana tule (abẹ ki Gur–Adamawa)
 Gur Alumeji (abẹ ki Mabia)
 Northern Gur

 (1.) Oti–Volta (ichi ogwu nyi oke mẹjọ, eyi kiMooré, Mamprusi, Dagbani, kpai Gurmad'efunw)
 (2.) Bwa (abẹ ki Bwamu, Bomu, Bobo-Wule)
 (3.) Koromfé (or Koromfe)
 Southern Gur

 (4.) East Mabia
 Gurunsi (abẹki Grũsi) (20 languages, including Kabiye)
 (5.) Kirma–Lobi
 Kirma–Tyurama (Cerma, Turka)
 Lobi–Dyan (Lobi, Dyan)
 (6.) Doghose–Gan (Dogosé, Kaansa, Khisa)
 (7.) ? Dogoso–Khe (Dogoso, Khe)
  ? Waja–Kam
  ? Leko–Nimbari
  ? (possibly other putative Adamawa languages)

Uña eyi Dogoso–Khe efu Southern Gur mẹru eju; i mẹru ami ẹtọ kibọ nyọnyọ n.

 Bodomo (2017) 
Bodomo (2017) dọ uchẹ Gur Alumeji kọ Mabia.Bodomo, Adams. 2017. Mabia: its etymological genesis, geographical spread and some salient genetic features. Paper presented at the Mabia Languages Conferences in Winneba, Ghana and Vienna, Austria. Odu Mabia che ẹko dama ọdu meji ma- 'iye' + bia 'ọma'.Bodomo, Adams. 2020. "Mabia: Its Etymological Genesis, Geographical Spread, and some Salient Genetic Features." In: Bodomo A., Abubakari H. & Issah, S. 2020. Handbook of the Mabia Languages of West Africa. Galda Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 400 pages, ISBN 978-3-96203-117-6 (Print) ISBN 978-3-96203-118-3 (E-Book)

Abe ki jọ ọganẹ yi che akpẹru ichi Mabia (abẹ ki Gur Alumeji) kwi efu Bodomo (2017), alu kuma lì efu Bodomo (2020). Bodomo kpẹ Mabia ru ẹtọ mẹta, odu ma che West, East, and Central.

 Mabia
 East (abẹ ki Gurunsi, Grũsi)
 Kasem
 Sisaala
 Kabiye
 West (abẹ ki Gurma)
 Bassari
 Konkomba
 Moba
 Central
 Dagaare
 Dagaare
 Wali
 Birifor
 Safaliba
 North
 Moore
 Mid-Central
 Mabiene
 Frafra (Nankanè)
 Nabit
 South
 Dagbani
 Mampruli
 Nanuni (a dialect of Dagbani)
 Kusaal
 Kusaal (Kusasi)
 Talni
 Buli–Konni
 Buli
 Konni
 Hanga–Kamara
 Hanga
 Kamara

Ma a dọ Mabia,  koji Gur, ma a ñọ du ck'ekwu kojiNaden (2021).Naden, Tony. 2021. Comparative Dictionary of Central Mabia Languages (Formerly Western Oti-Volta) / Dictionnaire Comparatif Des Langues Mabia-Central (anciennement Western Oti-Volta). m.s.

Naden (2021) lists the languages of the Southern/Eastern Mabia group as Dagbani, Hanga, Kantoosi, Kamara, Kusaal (Kusasi), Mampruli (Mamprusi), Nabit, Nanun/Nanuni (also considered a dialect of Dagbani), and Talni.

 Comparative vocabulary 
Sample basic vocabulary of Gur languages:

Note: In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash.
Language (Village)eyeearnosetoothtonguemouthbloodbonetreewatereatnameProto-Central GurManessy, Gabriel. 1979. Contribution à la Classification Généalogique des Langues Voltaïques. (Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale, 37.) Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.*me (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi)*ye (Gurunsi, Kurumfe)*ñam, *ñim (Oti-Volta, Kurumfe)*ʔob, *ʔo*tɪ (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi)*ni, *ne; *nã (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi)*di*yɪɗ, *yɪd (Oti-Volta, Gurunsi)KirmaProst, André. 1964. Contribution à l'étude des langues voltaiques. (Memoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire, 70.) Dakar: Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (IFAN).yifelle / yifiŋatuŋu / tunnimɛlle / miẽŋanyilaŋu / nyienedyumelle / dyumiẽŋanuŋu / nunnitammãkogwoŋu / kogonnetibiu / tibinnihummawyereTyuramayisiri / yinyatwõgo / tõnyameare / miaganyirogu / nyiranyanambene / namblaganogu / nõnyatoamakukugogu / kukunyatibikugu / tibinyinyahumaowuyiri / yigaProto-GurunsiManessy, Gabriel. 1969. Les Langues Gurunsi: Essai d'application de la méthode comparative à un groupe de langues Voltaïques. (Bibliothèque de la SELAF, 12, 13.) Paris: SELAF.*s₁l*di₂/e/o(l/n)*mi₁/e/o*de/u₂(l)*no₂/i₁*ca*ti₂/e*le/a/o; *ni₂/a/o*di₁*yi₂(l/d)Lyéléyir / yirazyẽ / zyãmyél / myélayéél / yélamédyolo / médyaalényi / nyagyalku / kurkyoo / kyéménẽẽgyuyil / yilaProto-Oti–VoltaManessy, Gabriel. 1975. Les Langues Oti-Volta. (Langues et Civilisations a Tradition Orale, 15.) Paris: SELAF.*ni / *nun*tʊ*me*n / *n*lɪm / *lam; *z₂ɪ (?)*noː*z₁ɪm*kob; *kpab*yi / *tiː*ɲa*dɪ*yi / *yʊDagbanininitiba (pl.)nyeenyinizinlinoliʒimkɔbilitiakomdiyuliGourmanchéma (Fada N’Gourma)numbu / nuni/ninitubli / tubamiali / miananyenli / nyenalambu / landinyoabu / nyoanesoamakpabli / kpabatibu / tidinyimadiyeli / yelaMossi [Moore]nifu / ninitubre / tubanyõre / nyüyanyende / nyenazilemde / zilmanore / nwɛyazimkõbre / kõabatiɣa / tisekomdiyure / yuyaFrafranifo / ninitʊbre / tʊbayõore / yõayẽnnɛ / yẽnazɪlɪŋa / zɪlɪsɪnõorɛ / nõazɪɪmkõbrɛ / kõbatɪa / tɪɪsɪko'omdiyʊ'ʊrɛ / yʊ'ʊraDagaare [Dagara, Dagari]mimir / mimietour / tublnyoboɣr / nyobogɛnyim / nyimɛzel / zelɛnwor / nɛ̃zĩkobr / kobɛtiɛ / tirkõwõ/kwõõdiyur / yeProto-Eastern Oti–VoltaSambiéni, Coffi. 2005. Le Proto-Oti-Volta-Oriental: Essai d'application de la méthode historique comparative. (Gur Monographs, 6.) Köln: Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.*nuan-*tuo-*wuan-*nin-*dian-*nua-*yia-*kuan-*tie-*nia-*di-*yi-BaribaWelmers, William E. 1952. Notes on Bariba. Language 28:82-103.nɔnu, nɔniso ~ soa, -suwɛ̃rudonduyara, -nunɔɔ (pl.?)yemkukurudã̀ã̀ (pl.?)nimtēm̄yísìrūNatioro (Timba)Sawadogo, Tasséré. 2002. Rapport d'enquête sur le natioro. SIL Electronic Survey Reports (SILESR), 2003-005. SIL International.ɲǎːpéjáɲàŋwàmṹnṹpwã́ɲĩ́nã́ŋɟɛ̄nɛ̃́mɛ̃́sáːpɛ́lːɛ̄sjã́ːmĩ́kàːkwàsúmwàlwāàʔɔ́lɪ̄ɲĩ́nã́Natioro (Niansogoni)ɲĩ́kúpjéjɪ̀pã̌mṹnũ̀kũ̌ɲínːáːlámːjáːnã́tə́mǎnã́ŋkwáːʃjɛ̂nṹmṹːìwɔ́nːã́ínːã́Natioro (Faniagara)ɲã́pʊ̀ːnã́ífwã̀nã́ʔṹnṹfã̀nã́ĩ́ndáːnã̀nĩ́ŋsáːnã̄nã́ːnã̀tímĩ́nĩ́kʊ́kánã̄síːkénã́nĩ́mĩ́nĩ̀ɛ̀wòlòjɛ́ínã́ːnã̄MoyobeRongier, Jacques. 1996. Aperçu sur le mɔyɔbɛ. Cahiers voltaïques / Gur papers 1: 115-145.mɛnɪ́bɛ̀ / ɪ̀nɪ́bɛ̀kùtù / àtùtíŋwáyí / áŋwáyítìní, kùní / anítìlénbí / àlénbíńnɔ́ɔ̀ / ínɔ́ɔ̀ményɛ́ / ányɛ́kúkɔ́hɔ́ / ákɔ́hɔ́kùléé / àléémɪ́nɪ̀li / lètìnyírì / ànyírìKulango (Bouna)Prost, André. 1974. Description sommaire du koulango (dialecte du Bouna, Côte d'Ivoire). Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, série H: linguistique 7. 21-74.piege / piewutengu / tenusaŋa / sãumkaɣangbo / kaɣamdelengbo / delemunɔɔɣɔ / nuomtuɔmzukukpo / zukumdiɛkɔ / diɛnuyɔkɔdɪyukɔ / yumTiefoBerthelette, Carol; Berthelette, John. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey report for the Tiéfo language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-006. PDF.éjúēnɑ̃́tōēmɛ́ʔɛ́kɔ̃́ʔɔ̃́mʲɔ̃̄ēnwɔ̃́ʔɔ̃́ɟɑ̄lɑ̄, tɾɔ̃̄kɑ̄ūʔùʃɪ̃́ʔɪ́éjɛ́Viemo (Diosso)Berthelette, John. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey report for the Vigué (Viemo) language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-009. PDF.gĩ́ːɾɔ̀cũ̄ljɔ̀mūmúɾōkɑ̃́ːdɔ̄lɑ̃́ːtīɾɔ̄ŋɑ̃́kjíːmōfūfūɾɔ́sóbònúmōɔnũ̄ɔ̃índōViemo (Soumaguina)ɟĩ́ɾɔ̄tuĩ́jɔ̄mūmṹɾɔ̄kɑ̃̄ːnɔ̄lɑ̃́tīɾɔ̄ɲɑ̄tíɛ̄mɔ̄fúfūɾɔ̄sóbɔ̀númɔ̄jṹnũ̄ɔ̃̄kɛ̀ĩ́dɔ̄Samo, Maka (Toma)Berthelette, John (2002). Survey report on the San (Samo) language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-005. (PDF)jǐtoɲɛ̃sɔlɛwɔlɛmɑ̀wɛmúdɑɑ̀mɑ́mbíːSamo, Matya (Kouy)jɛrːɛtorojiːnisɔ̃ːnɛnɛnɛlɛmɪjɑ̀jɛrɛmúdɑ́ɑnebɑ́rèSamo, Maya (Bounou)ɲoːnì; jɛrɛtoroɲinijɛrɛsoleːnèlɛmɑ̌jɑremudɑɑfɑ́bjèrèTéénhinbiye / hinbutenike / tenumɪtɪyaka / mɪtɪyɔkamaka / kaamʊdelenge / delemunʊfɪya / nʊfɪyɔtɔbɔ (pl)kpoloko / kpolowodɪyaa / dɪwɔɔkɔ / ɔwɔdɪyɪraa / yɪrɔToussian, South [Win]nyi / nyɛnigi / nimene / menenãnyin / nyinɛnampar / namparnãṽiãʔ-lɛ / ṽiɛ-nɛ̃tõkəgbeke / kəgbalsesuo-lɛ / sesar-lɛnĩnyõnyinToussian, North (Guéna-Kourinion)nyi / nyɔni/nãn / ninã/nœnnãmle / mlənãnyen / nyennãnenpüœravia/ṽiã / wẽytiõ/tõkəble / kəblenâsepwel / sepyiSiamou [Sɛmɛ]nya/nyábí/nyábità-syẽ̀ / tàsyẽ̀márnyèn / nyěndɛ / dɛ́kõ̀ / kẽtṍkpár / kpartimõ / timẽnũdiỹiMambarnyíí / nyíînyuweŋ / nyuwɛyɛmunna / munnaʔagã / gãʔanyire / nyireenyu / nyüyiʃiʃikatyiɣe / katyiyeʃiɣe / ʃireloeʔoedimbaɣe / mbɛyɛSenar (Kankalaba)nyini / nyinyẽynupaɣa / nupayfunan / funãgegẽ/gan / gãgẽnyini / nyirkenyuɣu / nyuysisyẽkɛkayige / katyiyetiɣe / tĩyi/tĩrDogodimɛɣɛTenyeryɛde/yade / yɛgyɛ/yagyɛdyigi / dyiimənɛ / məligɛnkan / nhagalnyinkan / nyẽhegalnye / nyeytunokyilige / kyilerikatyigi / katyirlɔgɔdimigɛ / mii

 Numerals 
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:
ClassificationLanguage12345678910BaribaBaatonum (1)tíaìruìtaǹnɛnɔɔbùnɔɔbù ka tía > nɔɔbatía (ka = and)nɔɔbù ka ìru > nɔɔbaìrunɔɔbù ka ìta > nɔɔbaìtanɔɔbù ka ǹnɛ > nɔɔbaǹnɛɔkuruBaribaBaatonum (2)tiāyìruìta / yìtaǹnɛnɔ̀ɔbùnɔ̀ɔbâ tiā (5 + 1)nɔ̀ɔbá yìru (5 + 2)nɔ̀ɔbâ yìta (5 + 3)nɔ̀ɔbâ ǹnɛ (5 + 4)wɔkuruCentral Gur, Northern, BwamuBuamudòũ̀ɲuːtĩːnáːhònúhèzĩ̀ː (5 + 1)hèɲuː (5 + 2)hètĩː (5 + 3)dènúpílúCentral Gur, Northern, BwamuCwi Bwamudòònńɲūūnńɔlĩ̄īnńnáāhòóhòódwĩ̀ (5 + 1)hòòɲū (5 + 2)hɔ̀ɔ̀ˀlĩ̄ (5 + 3)dĩ̀í́ˀɓúrúùCentral Gur, Northern, BwamuLáá Láá Bwamudòńɲɔńtĩńnɛ́hùanúhùezĩn (5 + 1)hòoɲu (5 + 2)hɔ̀ɔtĩ (5 + 3)dĩ̀inípíruCentral Gur, Northern, KurumfeKoromfé -ndom / ɡadɔmɪhĩĩɪtããɪnããɪnɔmɪhʊrʊɪpɛ̃ɛ̃ɪtɔɔɪfafiCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-KomaBuli -yéŋ / wà-ɲībà-yɛ̀bà-tàbà-nààsìbà-nùbà-yùèbìbà-yòpɔ̄āīnāāniŋnèūkpīCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-KomaKonnikààníàbɛ́lí / àlîàbátá / àtâàbánìsà / ànísààbánʊ̀ / ànʊ́ńyúóbìŋm̀pṍĩ̀ǹníŋ̀ / àníìŋ̀wɛ́m̀bâŋCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, EasternBialicə̄rə̄- / cə̄rə̄má (counting)dyātāārī / tāārə̄nààsī / nààrə̄nùmhã̀dwàmpèléīnēīwáīpwíɡə̄Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, EasternDitammari (1) -béé, dèǹnì (counting) -dyá, dɛ́ɛ́, diání -tããtī -nàà -nùmmù -kūà -yīēkà -nì -wɛ̄[tā]píítàCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, EasternDitammari (2)dennidɛɛnitâati / tâadináànumukuɔnyiekɛnninwɛitɛpiitɛCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, EasternMbelimeyɛ̃ndeyēdētāātēnaasinummudūodoodɛ̄ninyɛ̃̄wɛ̄īkɛ̄ piíkɛCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, EasternWaamayònyɛ́ndítáárínáásìnùnk͡pàrùnbérénnɛ̃̀íwɛ̃̀ípííkàCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaGurmayèndó -lié -tà -nà -mù -luòbà -lèlé -nìː -yìapíìɡàCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaKonkomba -bàa -lèe -tàa -nāa -nmúu -lúub -lílé -niín -wɛ́ɛpíìkCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaMɛyɔ́pɛ (Sola)nni (-sɛ) -tɛ́tɑɑni (-tɑɑni)nnɑ (-nɑ)nnupũ (-nupũ)kouulṹ (-kpuulũ)sɛ́ɛ́i (-sɛɛi)kɛpɑhɑ (-pɑhɑ), mɛtɛ́ ɑ́mɛ we kɛfikɛlɛɛ́, mɛsɛ ɑ́mɛ we kɛfikɛfiCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaNateni (1) -cɔ̃̄, dèn, dènà (counting) -dɛ́ɛ́, dɛ́ńtã̄lī, tã̄dinàhĩ̀nùm̀kɔ̄lì, kɔ̀dìyēhìnīìwɔ́ìpítāCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaNateni (2)màcɔ̃́dɛ́ɛ́tãdinàhìnùm̀kɔ̀dìyehìniìwɔ́ìpítaCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaNgangam (1)mikpìɛkmmilíémńtańnànńŋùnńlùòbǹlòléǹnìínǹwɛpííkCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, GurmaNgangam (2)mibamilemitaminanmiŋunmiluobmiloleminiinmiwɛpiikCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, MobaBimobayènn -lè -tà -ná -ŋmú -loòb -lòlé -niìn -yiàCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, MobaMobajènǹŋáńlé / ńléŋáńtāː / ńtāːŋánnâ / nnâŋáńmû / ńmûŋáńlɔ́ːb̀ / ńlɔ́ːb̀ŋáńlílé / ńlíléŋáńníːń / ńníːńŋáńwáī / ńwáīpíːɡ̀Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, MobaNtchamǹ.-bá /-bɔ́, m̀-báá (enumerative)ǹ.-lí, ǹ-léé (enumerative)ǹ.-ta, ǹtàà (enumerative)ǹ.-nàà, ǹnàà (enumerative)ǹ.-ŋmòò, ŋ̀-ŋmòò (enumerative)ǹ.-lùù, ǹ-lùù (enumerative)ǹ.-lùlí, ǹlùlí (enumerative)ǹ.-nìì, ǹníí (enumerative)ǹ.-wá / -wɔ, ŋ̀wáá (enumerative)sààláá, sààláá (enumerative)Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, NtchamAkaselemm̀bámbìléǹtàǹnààm̀ŋmɔ̀ǹlòòbèǹlòléǹɲììŋ̀wɛ̀ʔpʷíʔCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, NootreNotreyómbónjéntàntáátínnáásínnúnyúapènpwɛ̀nniinwà / ŋwàpíáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, NorthwestFarefareyénnóyìtã́n náásín núún yòòbín yòpɔ́ín níín wɛ́ípíáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, NorthwestMòoréyé/yémbreyì /yìibútã̀ /tã́abonáasenúyòobéyòpoéníiwɛ́píiɡaCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, NorthwestSafalibaàyàʔàyîʔàtâʔànáásíànúúàyòòbíàyòpõ̀ĩ̂ànɪ́ɪ̀àwã̀ĩ̂pẽ́ẽ́, pĩ́ẽ́Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, NorthwestWalibʊ́ŋjɪ̀ŋ ('one thing') / jíntì ('one)ájì ('two thing') / jééátà / tààánááhì / nááhɪ̀ánú / nùùájʊ̀ɔ̀biɛ́ / jʊ̀ɔ̀bɛ́ájúpúì / jʊ̀púiánì / nììáwɛ́ɪ́ / wáìpíé / píéCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, BiriforMalba Biriforbõ-ƴén (bomƴén)áyiataánãanãnũunayʊɔbánũu-nɪ-áyi (5 + 2)ánũu-nɪ-ata (5 + 3)pié for birpiéCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, BiriforSouthern Biriforboyænayiataanaaranuuayʊɔbayopoinaniinpie for birpieCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, DagaariNorthern Dagaarabõ-yen / bõe (thing-one)ayiataanaaranũuayʊɔbayɔpõe (six-one)anĩiawaɪ / pi-waɪpieCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, DagaariSouthern Dagaarebòn yéní / yenti -yé / ye -tà / ta -nádɪ / nadɪ -nù / nu -yʊ̀ɔ́ / -yʊ̀ɔ́bʊ́ / yʊɔ -yʊ̀ɔ́pɔ̃́ɔ̃́ / pɔ̃ĩ -nìì / nii -wáì / waɪpíéCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastDagbani (Dagomba)ndààm, yín-ó, yín-í -yí -tá -náhí -nú -yóbù -yòpóìn -níì -wéypíáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastHanga -yɪnnɪ / lʊ̀ŋ̀kʷɔ́ʌ́yíʔʌ́tʰʌ́ʔʌ́nʌ́ːsɪʌ́nʊ́ʌ́yóːbʊ̀ʌ́yʌ́pʷòⁱʌ́níːʌ́wáⁱpʰíːʌ́Central Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastKamarayínèáyiátaánâsɛánúáyɔ̀wíáyɔ̀poiánnîawàɛpíyáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastKantosiyénía-yía-táa-násía-núa-yóbùa-yàpóìa-níìa-wàipíáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastKusaalàɾàkṍʔ / àdàkṍʔàjíàtáànáasíʔànúàjɔ̀ɔbíʔ / àjɔ̀ɔbʊ́ʔàjɔ́póéʔáníiàwáíʔpíiCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, SoutheastMampruliyɪ́nní / ndààm (in counting)a-yía-táa-náásía-núa-yóóbùa-yòpɔ̃́ì / -yòpwèa-níìa-wã̀ypííyáCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-NawdmNawdmm̩̀hénm̩̀ɾéʔm̩̀tâʔm̩̀náːm̩̀nûm̩̀ɾòːndím̩̀lèbléʔm̩̀nìːndím̩̀wɛ́ʔkwíʔɾíCentral Gur, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-NawdmYom (Pila)nyə̌ŋ- / nyə̌rɣə- -li -ta -nɛ̀ɛ̀sə̀ -nù -lèèwə̀r -nùɣa -li ('five and two', ɣa > 'and') -li k͡pa fɛɣa (' two are not in ten ')nyə̌ŋ- /nyə̌rɣə- k͡pa fɛɣafɛɣaCentral Gur, Southern, DyanDyan (1)bɛ̃̀ɡ / bɪ̀ɛlèyèɲɔ̃̀yèthɛ̃̀sìyènàadìemàmɔ̀lɔ̀dũ̀ (5 + 1)mɔ̀lɔ̀ɲɔ̃̀ (5 + 2)mɔ̀lɔ̀thɛ̃̀sì (5 + 3)nĩ́kpó-cí-bèrè (10 - 1) ?nĩ́kpóCentral Gur, Southern, DyanDyan (2)bɛ̃ɡ / bɪɛleyenyɔ̃yethɛ̃siyenaadiemamɔlɔdũ (5 + 1)mɔlɔnyɔ̃ (5 + 2)mɔlɔthɛ̃si (5 + 3)nĩkpo-ci-bere (10 - 1) ?nĩkpoCentral Gur, Southern, Gan-DogoseDogosétìkpóʔìyɔ̰́ʔìsá̰a̰ʔìyḭ̀i̬ʔìwà̰aʔmà̰ nḭ̀ póʔ (5 + 1)mà̰ nḭ̀ yɔ̰́ʔ (5 + 2)mà̰ nḭ̀ sá̰a̰ʔ (5 + 3)mà̰ nḭ̀ yḭ̀i̬ʔ(5 + 4)ɡbùnèCentral Gur, Southern, Gan-DogoseKaansá (Kaansé)tʰik̩͡poɛɲɔ̰isãaɛɲeeɛmwãamaʔnik͡po (5 + 1)maʔniyɔ̃ (5 + 2)maʔnisãaʔ (5 + 3)k͡ponko (10 - 1) ?k͡pooɡoCentral Gur, Southern, Gan-DogoseKhisa (Komono)ílèŋád͡ʒɔ̃̀ŋátʰɔ̀ʔádàaánɔ̃̀nnɔ̀k͡pòŋ (5 + 1)nɔ̀́d͡ʒɔ̃̀ŋ (5 + 2)nɔ́tʰɔ́ʔ (5 + 3)nɔ̀dáa (5 + 4)hʊ̀ k͡pélé / sínʊ̃yCentral Gur, Southern, GrusiKassem (1)kàlʊ̀ǹlèǹtɔ̀ǹnāǹnūǹdʊ̀nǹpɛ̀nānānʊ̀ɡʊ̄fúɡə́Central Gur, Southern, GrusiKasem (2)kàlʊ̀ǹlèǹtɔ̀ǹnāǹnūǹdʊ̀nm̀pɛ̀nānānʊ̀ɡʊ̄fúɡə́Central Gur, Southern, GrusiKasem (3)kàlʊ/ dìdʊǎǹlè / ǹlèiǹtɔ̀ǹnāǹnūǹdʊ̃̀m̀pɛ̀ / m̀pwɛ̀nānānʊ̌ɡʊ /nǒɡofúɡəCentral Gur, Southern, GrusiLyéléèdùsə̀lyèsə̀tə̀sə̀nasə̀nuʃə̀ldù (5 + 1) ?ʃàlpyɛ̀ (5 + 2) ?lyɛlɛnə̀bɔ́ʃíyə́Central Gur, Southern, GrusiNorthern Nuniùdùbìlə̀bìtwààbìnabìnubadùbàpàlɛlɛnìbufíɡə́Central Gur, Southern, GrusiSouthern Nuninə̀dʊ̀bə̀lə̀bàtwàbànīānbònūbàrdʊ̀bàrpɛ̀nānānʊ̀ɡʊ́fúɡə́Central Gur, Southern, GrusiPanaténɡíɲìícɔ́ɔ̀nàasínṍnnõ̀mpínõ̀ncóbàndáɟèefófóCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternBago-Kusuntuŋʊrʊk͡pák͡pábààlɛ̀bàtòòrobànásábàànʊ́lèèjòlʊ̀ŋlèɖìk͡pèèrèkàkààrè /ŋʊrʊk͡pák͡pá tá sàlá (10 -1)sàláCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternBogoŋ (Cala / Chala) -re-, rʊ, -dʊ́ndʊlʊŋ -la -tooro -náárá -nʊ́ŋlʊʊrʊlɪkaarɛjiŋináárá (4 + 4) ?saŋɡʊ́ɡifíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternDelodaalealaatooroanaaraanoŋlooronyetooro (10 - 3) ?ɡyanaara (2 x 4) ?kadaale (10 - 1) ?kufuCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternKabiyékʊ́yʊ́mnàálɛ̀nàádozónàã́zákàɡ͡bã́nzìloɖòlʊ̀bɛ̀lùtoozonakʊ̀híu / náánʊ́wáCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternLama (Lamba)kóɖə́mnásə̂lnàsìsɨ̀násə́násánásə́nálə̀ɖə̀naosanautɨsɨ (4 + 3)násə́nnásá (4 + 4)nàkòhʲúCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternLukpakʊ̀lʊ̀mnaalɛ̀tòòsónaasákàk͡pásɪ̀náátòsò (2 x 3 ??)náátòsò m̀pɔ̀ɣɔ̀laɣá (6 + 1)pə́lé fɛ́jɪ́ (- 2)pɔ̀ɣɔ̀láɣáfɛ́jɪ́́ (- 1)náánʊ́áCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternTem (1)káɔ́ɖesííɛ̀tóózonáázanʊ́ʊ́waloɖolʊbɛlutoozokéénííréfuúCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, EasternTem (2)káɔ́ɖesííɛ̀tóózónáázánʊ́ʊ́waloɖolʊbɛlutoozokéénííréfuúCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternChakalidɪ́ɡɪ́máná / dɪ́ɡɪ́máŋáálìɛ̀átʊ̀rʊ̀ / átʊ̀lì / á-tòròànáásìāɲɔ̃̄állʊ̀rʊ̀ / állʊ̀lʊ̀àlʊpɛ̀ / lʊ́pɛ̀ŋmɛ́ŋtɛ́ldɪ́ɡɪ́tūū (10 - 1) ?fíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternDeg (Degha)beŋk͡paŋ / k͡pee (for counting only)anɛ / nɛɛatoro / tooroanaarɛ / naarɛanue / nueanʊmɛl / nʊmɛl (5 + 1)anʊanɛ / nʊanɛ (5 + 2)anʊatoro / nʊatoto (5 + 3)anʊanaarɛ / nʊanaarɛ (5 + 4)fiCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternPaasaal (Passale)kɪ́dɪ́ɡɪ́ / dííŋbàlìyà / lìyàbòtò / tóóbànāā / náábɔ̀nɔ̀ŋ / nɔ́ɔ́ŋbàdʊ̀ / dʊ́ʊ́bàpɛ̀ / pɛ́ɛ́kyórí / kyóríníbí / níbífí / fíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternPhuie (Puguli)déò / dùdúmíʔɛ̃́ɛ̃́ʔárʊ̀ànɛ̃́ / ànɛ́ŋ ?ànɔ̃́ / ànɔ́ŋ ?ànṍ déò (5 + 1)ànṍ ʔɛ̃́ɛ̃́ (5 + 2)ànɔ̃́ ʔárʊ̀ (5 + 3)ànóŋ ànɛ̃́ / fí dùdúmí tʰõ̀fíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternWestern Sisaalabàlá / dɪ̀ɛ́nbɛ́llɛ́ / lɛ́bàtòró / tòróbànáá / náábɔ̀mmʊ̀ɔ́ / mʊ̀ɔ́bóldó / dóbálpɛ́ / pɛ́tʃòrínɛ̀mɛ́fííCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternSisaala Tumulungkʊ̀bàlá / dɪ̀áŋbàlɪ̀á / lɪ̀abàtórí / tóríbànɛ́sɛ́ / nɛ̀sɛ́bànɔ́ŋ / nɔ́ŋbàlídú / dúbàlɪ̀pɛ́ / pɛ́tʃòrínìbífííCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternSissalabalábɛllɛbotorobanábɔmmʊ́ɔ́balɡobalpɛcórínɛ́mɛ́fíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternTampulmadiiɡɛalɛɛwaatooraanaasianyuúnanɔɔràanɔpɛŋmɛnaasadiɡtófíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternVaglak͡páŋ / k͡péé (when counting)ànɛ̀ɛ̀àhòròànáázʊ̀ànúèànʊ́mbɛl (bɛl  a certain one )àníídàànɛ̀ɛ̀ámàntánnààzí / ŋmàntánnààzíkábɛl (ka  to remain )fíCentral Gur, Southern, Grusi, WesternWinyé (Kõ)ndonyɪ̃ɛntɔɔnnánwɔ̃́nɡonpiɛnpɔɔnlɛbɪfʊ̃́Central Gur, Southern, Kirma-TyuramaCerma (Kirma)ǹdéiŋǹhã́ĩǹsíɛiǹnáàǹdîìníedìeí (5 + 1)níehã́ĩ (5 + 2)níisìɛí (5 + 3)nénnáà (5 + 4)cĩ́ŋcíelùóCentral Gur, Southern, Kirma-TyuramaTurkadẽẽnáhãlsiɛln̩nə̃̀n̩dinã́ndèin (5 + 1)nə̃́rə̃́hã̀l (5 + 2)nə̃́rə̃́siɛ̀l (5 + 3)dɛ̃̀ɛ̃̀sə́ (10 -1) ?nṹɔ̃́sɔ̃̀KulangoKulango (1)tabílasããbenatɔtʊrɔtãtã (5 + 1)tʊrɔfriɲuu (5 + 2)tʊrɔfrisãã (5 + 3)tʊrɔfrina (5 + 4)nuunKulangoKulango (2)táàbílàsã̀ã̀bínã́tɔ́tɔ́rɔ́tàà (5 + 1)tɔ́rɔ́fíríɲũ̀ (5 + 2)tɔ́rɔ́fírísã̀ã̀ (5 + 3)tɔ́rɔ́fírínã́ (5 + 4)nṹnũ̀KulangoBouna Kulangotaà, tãã̀bɪlà, nyʊʊ̀sãã̀naʔtɔtɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn taà, tɔrɔ fɪ(rɪ) nyʊʊ̀ (5 + 1)tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn bɪla (5 + 2)tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn sãã̀ (5 + 3)tɔ̀rɔ̀ fɪn na (5 + 4)nuùnu, nûnu, tɔtɔ bɪla, tɔtɔ nyʊʊ̀LobiLobibìɛ̀lyɛnyɔyentʰeryɛnã́yɛmɔɪmàadõmakonyɔ (5 + 2)makõtʰer (5 + 3)nyʊ̌ɔr bìr pʰéro (10 - 1)nyʊ̌ɔrSenufo, KaraboroEastern Karaboro (1)nɔ̀niʃyɔ̃̀ / ʃiɲ̀tã̀ã̀tíʃyàr /díʃyàr /ríʃyàrbwà / bwɔ̀kwaɲ̀kwa-sĩ̀ĩ̀ (lit: "a second six")kwa-tã̀ã̀ (lit: " a third six")kwa-ríʃyàr (lit: "fourth six")sĩʃyeSenufo, KaraboroEastern Karaboro (2)nɔ̀nīsyã̀ŋtã̀ãtésyàr / résyàrbwàkwāykwásĩ̀ĩkwátã̀àkwàrésyàrsẽ̄nsyēSenufo, KaraboroWestern Karaboronɔ̀niʃintaàrtɪhyɛɛ̀rbwɔ̀k(ʋ)lɔ̀nklɔʃìnkwɔtàar̀wɔ̀dèfèr / wɔ̀def(ə)r ?síncílSenufo, KpalagaPalaka Senoufoniŋɡ͡besɔinŋtaanri = tããri ?jijilɛi = d͡ʒid͡ʒilɛi ?kanɡuruɡokuɡɔlɔŋkuɡɔlɔŋ sɔinŋ (5 + 2)kuɡɔlɔŋ taanri (5 + 3)kuɡɔlɔŋ d͡ʒid͡ʒilɛi (5 + 4)kɔ́jɛSenufo, NafaanraNafaanra Senoufonúnuçííntáárɛ̀ɟíɟírɛ̀kúnɔkɔ́ɔ̀nánù (5 + 1)kɔ́ɔ̀náçíín (5 + 2)kɔ́ɔ̀nátárè (5 + 3)kɔ́ɔ̀náɟirɛ (5 + 4)kɛ́Senufo, SenariCebaara Senoufonìbínsīintāanrisīcɛ̄rɛ̄kāɡūnɔ̀kɔ̀rɔ́nī (5 + 1)kɔ̀rɔ́sīin (5 + 2)kɔ̀rɔ́tāanrì (5 + 3)k͡pǎjɛ̄rɛ̄ (5 + 4)kɛ́ɛSenufo, Suppire-MamaraMamara Senoufo (Minyanka)niɡĩ̀ / niɡĩ (second set from SIL)ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀ / ʃũ̀ũ̀tããrè / tããriʃiʃyɛ̀ɛrɛ̀ / ʃiʃɛɛrɛkaɡuru / kaɡuroɡ͡baara / ɡ͡baaraɡ͡baa-ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀ / ɡ͡baaraʃũũ (5 + 2)ʃɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀lake / ʃũ̀ũ̀lakɛ (2 to 10)niɡĩ̀fɔ̀kɛ / niɡĩlakɛ (1 to 10)kɛ / kɛSenufo, Suppire-MamaraShempire Senoufo (1)ninɡinʃuunnitaanrisicɛɛrɛkaɡuruɡ͡baaniɡ͡baʃuuni (5 + 2)ɡ͡bataanri (5 + 3)ɡ͡baɛɛrɛ (5 + 4)kɛSenufo, Suppire-MamaraShempire Senoufo (2)nanbinʃuunnitaanrisicɛɛrɛkaɡroɡ͡baaniɡ͡baʃuuni (5 + 2)ɡ͡bataanri (5 + 3)ɡ͡baɛɛrɛ (5 + 4)kɛSenufo, Suppire-MamaraSìcìté Senoufonìkĩ̀sɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀nì / sũ̀ũ̀nìtã̀ã̀rìsìcɛ̀ɛ̀rìkānkūròɡ͡bāārùɡ͡bārsɔ̃̀ɔ̃̀nìɡ͡bārtã̀ã̀rì / kāzɛ̄ɛm̀bēɡ͡bārsìcɛ̀ɛ̀rì / nìkĩ̀ndáʔá (10 - 1)kɛ̄Senufo, Suppire-MamaraSupyire Senoufonìŋkìnʃùùnnìtàànrèsìcyɛ̀ɛ̀rèkaŋkuro (< 'fist ')baa-nì (5 + 1)baa-ʃùùnnì (5 + 2)baa-tàànrè (5 + 3)baa-sìcyɛ̀ɛ̀rè (5 + 4)kɛ̄Senufo, Tagwana-DjiminiDjimini Senoufonuŋɡ͡baʃyɛntããritid͡ʒɛrɛkaŋɡuruɡokɔɡɔlɔnikɔlɔʃyɛn (5 + 2)kɔlɔtããri (5 + 3)kɔlɔd͡ʒɛrɛ (5 + 4)kɛSenufo, Tagwana-DjiminiNyarafolo Senoufonīɡbesīintāanrisīcɛrikōɡunɔ̀kɔ̀línī (5 + 1)kɔ̀lisīin (5 + 2)kàtāanrì (5 + 3)kàcɛ̄rì (5 + 4)kíɛ̀Senufo, Tagwana-DjiminiTagwana Senoufonuɡ͡besyẽtãritityerekoɡununõlinasyẽ (5 + 2)natãri (5 + 3)natyere (5 + 4)kẽ / k͡pròTeenTéén (Lorhon)tanɪnyoorsaanrnatɔtɔtanɪ (lit: five one)tɔnyoor (lit: five two)tɔsaanr (lit: five three)tanbalˈpɔrwɔ (lit: one less than ten)ˈpɔrwɔTiefoTiéfo (1)ʔe diɛ̃ni (attributive use: dɛ̃̀)ɟɔ̃sã́ʔuʔɔ̃́ / ŋɔɔ (variant of Noumoudara)kã̀kã̀-dĩ (5 + 1)kã-ɟɔ̃ (5 + 2)kã-sá (5 + 3)kã-ʔuɔ̃́ (5 + 4)támúwá / kɛ̃TiefoTiéfo (2)dɛ̃̀ / ʔë diɛ̃̀nijɔ̃sã́ʔuʔɔ̃́kã̀kã̀-dĩ (5 + 1)kã̀-jɔ̃ (5 + 2)kã̀-sá (5 + 3)kã̀-ʔuɔ̃ (5 + 4)tamʷúá / támúTusiaNorthern Toussian (1)nāɣ, nāɣ, nāɣnīnìtɔ̄nɔ̀jã᷇klòkùnũ᷇kālèjkɔ̀tɔ̃̂kàjã̂bwɔ̀TusiaNorthern Toussian (2)nṍṍkə̀nĩ́ŋnõ̀tṍṍnõ̀ĩ́jã̂klʊ̂kv̀v̀nə̃̀ŋ (5 + 1)kvììnĩ̀ (5 + 2)k͡pwɛ̀ɛ̀tṍ (5 + 3)k͡pààrĩ̀jã́ (5 + 4)sàbwɔ̀TusiaSouthern Toussiannúkúnínɔ́tɔ̃́nɔ́ńyã́hkwlɔkénúkò (5 + 1)kwǎrninɔ (5 + 2)kwǎrtɔ̃́nɔ (5 + 3)kwǎryã́h (5 + 4)ɡbãmViemoViemo (Vigye)dũde [dʷũⁿde]niinĩ [niːnĩ]sãsĩ [sãsĩ]jumĩ [d͡ʒʷumĩ]kuɛɡe [kwɛɣe]kõnũrã [kõnũɾã]kõnĩse [kõnĩse]jumĩjɔ niinĩ [d͡ʒʷumĩd͡ʒɔ niːnĩ] 4 x 2 ?kwɔmĩdĩ fɛrɛyɔ [k͡pʷɔmĩⁿdĩ fɛɾɛjɔ] -1?kwɔmũ [k͡pʷɔmũ]Wara-NatioroWarapúwòbǒtĩ́náásúsùsúsírìpòsúrũ̌tó / sínĩ̀tósĩ̂tĩ́ (+ 3?)sĩ̂náású (+ 4 ?)kã̀ã̀sá

 Writing System 
The  Goulsse Alphabet  was invented in 2022 as a native script for the Gur languages

 References 

 Manessy, Gabriel (1968/71) 'Langues voltaïques sans classes' in Actes du huitième congres international de linguistique africaine. [Congress was 1968, proceedings published 1971] Abidjan, Université d'Abidjan, 335-346.
 Naden, Anthony J. (1989) 'Gur', in Bendor-Samuel, John & Hartell, Rhonda L. (eds) The Niger–Congo languages. A classification and description of Africa's largest language family. Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 140-168.
 Roncador, Manfred von; Miehe, Gudrun (1998) Les langues gur (voltaïques). Bibliographie commentée et inventaire des appelations des langues. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
 Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd & Nurse, Derek (eds.) African languages: an introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11-42.

 External links 

 Journal of West African Languages: Gur languages
 Proto-Gur Swadesh lists (Gabriel Manessy 1969, 1975, 1979)