Austin Roberts (onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ anụmanụ)

Austin Roberts (3 Jenụwarị 1883 - 5 Mee 1948) bụ onye South Africa zoologist.A maara ya nke ọma maka akwụkwọ ya bụ́ Birds of South Africa, nke e bipụtara na mbụ na 1940. Ọ mụkwara anụmanụ anụmanụ nke mpaghara ahụ: akwụkwọ ya bụ́ The mammals of South Africa ka e bipụtara ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1951. Mbipụta nke asaa nke akwụkwọ Roberts bụ́ Birds of Southern Africa nke pụtara na 2005, bụ akwụkwọ a na-ahụkarị gbasara nnụnụ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ.

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Roberts, nwa Alfred Roberts (onye ụkọchukwu chọọchị) na Marianne Fannin (onye na-eme ihe okike na onye na-ese okooko osisi), na Pretoria ma tolite na Potchefstroom, South Africa. O nwetara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma mbụ ya gbasara anụmanụ site n'aka Thomas Ayres (1828–1913), otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara nnụnụ na South Africa mbụ. Ayres kụziiri Roberts akpụkpọ anụ nnụnụ na obere anụmanụ yana mkpa ọ dị idebe ndekọ ziri ezi na ihe ọ bụla e ji mee ihe. Ọ gbakwara Roberts ume ka ha mụọ nnụnụ n'usoro.

Roberts rụrụ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ na ngalaba Potchefstroom nke Standard Bank site na 1901 ruo 1903 wee mechaa na Ngalaba Ego Ndị Dị n'ime Ala na Potchefstroom, Pretoria na Wolmaransstad. Na Eprel 1906, ọ banyere dịka onye agha na ngalaba John Royston na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'oge nnupụisi Bambatha na Natal. Ngalaba ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ na Ọgọst 1906, Roberts na nwanne ya nwoke, Noel, chịkọtara àkwá na akwụ nnụnụ nke ha nyefere na Transvaal Museum na Pretoria. Roberts mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nwa oge na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo ruo Disemba 1907 mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị agha Natal dị ka onye agha.

N'afọ 1908, ọ sonyeere Frederick V. Kirby na njem gaa na mpaghara Quelimane na Mozambique iji bibie ọdụm maka ụlọ ọrụ Boror  na ubi kọfị na shuga ha. N'oge njem a, Roberts chịkọtara akpụkpọ nnụnụ 340 na ọtụtụ obere Anụ na-enye nwa ara, nke ọ resịrị Transvaal Museum. Mgbe oge nke oyi mmiri gasịrị, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Transvaal were Roberts n'ọrụ na 1910 dị ka onye enyemaka zoological nwa oge n'okpuru J. W. B. Gunning. N'afọ 1913, e nyere ya ọkwa na-adịgide adịgide ma mee ya onye na-elekọta nchịkọta nnụnụ na anụ na-enye nwa ara.

N'afọ 1914, ọ lụrụ Dora S. Cooper (née Barrett), onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ na nwa nwanyị. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ (1914-1918) ọ rụrụ ọrụ na German East Africa na Palestine. O guzobere nchịkọta nke ihe karịrị nnụnụ 30,000 na anụ na-enye nwa ara 13,000. A chịkọtara ndị a na njem gaa Southern Rhodesia (nke bụzi Zimbabwe, 1914), Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition (1930), Barlow Expedition gaa South West Africa (nke bụ ugbu a Namibia).   

Ọ nọrọ na Transvaal Museum ruo afọ 38 ruo 1946, mana o yiri ka enweghị agụmakwụkwọ ya mere ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu na nkwanye ùgwù ya. N'ime ọrụ ya, ọ kọwara ma gụọ 429 ụdị nnụnụ na 406 ụdị anụ na-enye nwa ara. Ụzọ o si eme taxonomy bụ ịmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ, ụdị ma ọ bụ subspecies dabere na obere ọdịiche, usoro ọ gbachitere n'ụzọ siri ike. "Ndị sistematists" anabataghị ụdị ọhụrụ ya nke ọma, ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị ọhụrụ, ụdị na ụdị ọhụrụ anabataghị. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nnukwu ahụmịhe ya n'ọhịa, a bịara were ya dị ka onye nwere ikike kachasị ukwuu na nnụnụ na anụ na-enye nwa ara na South Africa.

Ọ bụ onye dere ọtụtụ ihe odide na isiokwu na akwụkwọ sayensị, gụnyere ihe karịrị otu narị akwụkwọ na Annals of the Transvaal Museum, Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union na The Ostrich . [4] Akwụkwọ ya "The birds of South Africa", nke Norman C.K. Lighton sere, bụ ọrụ mbụ zuru oke na isiokwu ahụ. Ndị ọkachamara dị iche iche dezigharịrị ma gbasaa ya na ọtụtụ mbipụta e bipụtara. 

Ná mmalite afọ 1948, e nyere ya ọkwa onye nlekọta nke Queen Victoria Museum dị na Harare, mana ọnwụ ya na 5 Mee 1948 n'ihe mberede ụgbọala na mpaghara Transkei gbochiri ya ịnọ n'ọkwa ahụ. Osisi okooko osisi ndị o chịkọtara dị na National Herbarium, Pretoria, ebe ero ya gara na National Collection of Fungi na Plant Protection Research Institute na Pretoria.

Nchịkọta ya nke akwụkwọ zuru oke banyere ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara ka emechara n'oge ọnwụ ya ma mesịa bụrụ nke R. Bigalke, V.F. Fitzsimons na D.E. Malan dezigharịrị ma bipụta ya dị ka The mammals of South Africa, na ihe osise nke P.J. Smit.

Roberts nọkwa na-eme atụmatụ akwụkwọ nnụnụ zuru oke mana n'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ rụchara naanị akụkụ nke na-ekwu maka nnụnụ mmiri. P.A.R. Hocky, W.R.J. Dean na P.G. Ryan mechara rụchaa ọrụ ahụ ma bipụta ya dị ka Nnụnụ Roberts nke Southern Africa.

 Aha ndị ọzọ 

 A na-akpọ Austin Roberts Bird Sanctuary na Pretoria aha iji sọpụrụ ya.
 A na-echeta ya n'aha Roberts's Warbler, Oreophilais robertsi.
 A na-akpọ otu ụdị ezé, Pachydactylus robertsi, iji sọpụrụ ya.[5]

 Onyinye 

 N'afọ 1934, onyinye sitere na Carnegie Foundation nyere ya ohere ileta ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Britain na United States.
 N'afọ 1935, Mahadum Pretoria nyere ya nzere doctorate.
 E nyere Roberts ihe nrite Senior Captain Scott Memorial Medal nke South African Biological Society na 1938
 Òtù South African Association for the Advancement of Science nyere ya ihe nrite South Africa (ọlaedo) n'afọ 1940.

 Ọrụ 
Akwụkwọ sayensị mbụ ya bụ "Nleta na mpaghara nke Ibis aethiopica" na Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union na 1905. Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ o bi gụnyere:


 Nnụnụ anyị nke South Africa (Ons Suid-Afrikaanse voëls). Cape Town: Cape Times. 1941. nke Norman Lighton na Claude Gibney Finch-Davies sere




 Ndị otu 
Roberts bụ onye otu ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere:

 Òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nnụnụ na South Africa - onye guzobere (1904) 
 Transvaal Biological Society - onye otu ntọala, odeakwụkwọ nsọpụrụ (1915) 
 South African Biological Society - onye otu ntọala (1916), onye isi oche (1933) 
 Òtù Na-echebe Egwuregwu nke Transvaal
 Wild Life Protection Society of South Africa - onye otu kansụl
 South African Ornithological Society - onye guzobere (1929), onye otu ndụ nsọpụrụ (1939) 
 South African Association for the Advancement of Science - onye otu (1915), onye isi oche (1936) 
 South African Museums Association - onye guzobere (1937), onye isi oche (1944) 
 American Society of Mammalogists - onye otu iwu (1919) 
 British Ornithologists' Union - onye otu alaeze ukwu (1930) 
 Bavarian Ornithological Society - onye otu (1922) 
 Zoological Society of London - onye otu (1934) 

 Edemsibia 

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations