Hassib Ben Ammar

Hassib Ben Ammar (Arabic; 11 Eprel 1924 - 15 Disemba 2008) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nta akụkọ / onye nchịkọta akụkọ Onye Tunisia. Ọ bụ onye na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike mmadụ.

 Ndụ 

 Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị 
Dị ka nwa okorobịa, o sonyere n'ọgụ nnwere onwe nke Tunisia, ọkachasị dị ka onye na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nzuzo "El Hilal".

Mgbe nnwere onwe mba gasịrị, na 1961 a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke "National office of Mines". N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1961, o sonyere na Nzukọ Iwu na Chamber of Commerce nke Tunisia: kọmitii na-eduzi mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ họpụtara Ben Ammar dị ka onye isi oche mbụ ha.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nọdụrụ n'ọkwa dị elu n'ọha mmadụ: ọ bụ onyeisi otu ndị ntorobịa nke Socialist Destourian Party,, ma bụrụkwa gọvanọ nke ọchịchị Tunis (ógbè) site na Julaị 1965 ruo Septemba 1969. Ben Ammar jere ozi dị ka onyeisi obodo Tunis n'etiti 1963 na 1969. N'afọ 1967, n'oge ọ na-ejikọta ọrụ nke gọvanọ mpaghara na onyeisi obodo, o hiwere Association for the Care of the Medina na Tunis (Association de sauvegarde de la médina de Tunis), na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke otu ahụ ruo 1969.

A họpụtara Ben Ammar ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Tunisia na Ịtali n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ya na Ahmed Ben Salah nwere esemokwu gbasara Cooperatives, tupu a họpụta ya dịka onye nduzi nke Socialist Destourian Party, ọ bụ ọrụ o nwere n'etiti 27 Septemba 1969 na 23 June 1970. Ọ ghọrọ Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa mba na June 1970, na-anọchi Beji Caid Essebsi. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere n'ọkwa a naanị ruo n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1971,  nke bụ mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihi na Onye isi ala Bourguiba jụrụ ime ka ndị Socialist Destourian Party (PSD / Parti socialiste destourien) bụrụ ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya: Béchir M'hedhbi  nọchiri ya na ngalaba nchekwa.

 Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ 
A chụpụrụ ya na PSD n'afọ ndị 1970,  Hassib Ben Ammar gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya iji sonye na Ahmed Mestiri n'ịmepụta òtù mmegide na-apụta site na Movement of Socialist Democrats (MDS / Mouvement des démocrates socialistes).  N'afọ 1977, ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Tunisian Human Rights League,  wee bụrụ onye isi oche nsọpụrụ nke njikọ a
Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke "Komiti nke Nnwere Onwe" (nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ "National Council for Public Freedoms" ) nke malitere dị ka arịrịọ maka nkwanye ùgwù maka nnwere onwe obodo, na maka nzukọ maka nnwere ike na ikike mmadụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta 528 bịanyere aka na arịrịọ ahụ (ndị nkuzi mahadum, ndị dọkịta, ndị ọka iwu wdg)  ma kesaa ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1977. Larbi Chouikha; Eric Gobe (21 August 2009). "Les organisations des droits de l'Homme dans la formule politique tunisienne :  acteurs de l'opposition oufaire-valoir du régime ?" (PDF). L'Annee du Maghreb, CNRS, Editions, p. 163-182 <halshs-00410603>. The open archive HAL. p. 3. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Ben Ammar mere njem mba ofesi iji kpọọ ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mba ọzọ ka ha sonye. Nzukọ ahụ n'onwe ya, n'agbanyeghị na a machibidoro ya iwu, mechara mee na 9 June 1977. O mere ọ bụghị na Hotel Africa dị ka atụmatụ,  kama na isi ụlọ nke Tunis-Carthage International Airport. Otu onye a ma ama sonyere bụ United States Attorney General Ramsey Clark . Hassib Ben Ammar na akwụkwọ akụkọ, "Erraï", nke ọ malitere

 "Anyị meghere ogidi anyị maka onye ọ bụla. Ọbụna Rashid al-Ghannushi (Islamist) na Mohamed Harmel (Communist), mgbe ha na-akwadoghị ọnọdụ ha. Anyị mere nke a n'aha nnwere onwe ikwu okwu. Ọbụna ebipụtara m otu nchịkọta akụkọ nke gbachitere ndị isi ike.

 "Anyị meghere ogidi anyị nye onye ọ bụla. Ọbụna Rachid Ghannouchi (onye Alakụba) na Mohamed Harmel (onye Kọmunist), ebe anyị na-anaghị anabata echiche ha. Nke a bụ n'aha nnwere onwe ikwu okwu. E bipụtara m ọbụna otu nchịkọta akụkọ nke na-agbachitere ndị na-akwado echiche".Lise Garon (1998). Le silence tunisien : les alliances dangereuses au Maghreb (L'Harmattan, Paris ed.). p. 52. ISBN 9782894890400.N'afọ 1977, Ben Ammar malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ onwe ya mbụ nke Tunisia, Errai (Obi),  nke ọ kọwara dị ka "onyinye na mgbasa nke Echiche ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya".

N'afọ 1978, ọ malitere mbipụta Asụsụ French kwa izu (ma ọ bụ kwa ọnwa: isi mmalite dị iche),  dị ka ihe a na-ebipụta maka ndị mmegide Movement of Socialist Democrats, na-aghọ onye nduzi mbipụta ahụ.  Òtù mmegide ahụ bụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oge a ma ọ hụrụ onwe ya ka ndị ọchịchị na-eche ihe karịrị ikpe iri abụọ ihu.

Na Disemba 1987, izu ole na ole mgbe Onye isi ala Zine El Abidine Ben Ali batara n'ọchịchị, Ben Ammar mechiri Errai. Ndị dị nso na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwuru na onye isi ala ọhụrụ ahụ were iwe site na mbipụta nke otu isiokwu nke Oum Zied kpọrọ "The drift towards authoritarianism of the Ben Ali régime,"  machibidoro mbipụta ahụ nwere isiokwu ahụ ma malite mkpọsa iyi egwu megide Ben Ammar, nke a na-ekwu na ọ manyere ya ịkwụsị mbipụta ahụ.

Ọzọkwa na ngwụcha afọ 1987, na Disemba 15, Ben Ali">onye isi ala họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Kansụl Iwu nke e guzobere na nso nso a. Tụkwasị na nke a, n'oge a, ọ bụ onye guzobere ya na nkwado nke Ben Ali nke "The Arab Institute of Human Rights", nke dị na Tunis  na nke ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ. 

N'agbata afọ 1994 na 1995 Ben Ammar jere ozi na Kọmitii nke United Nations Convention against Torture .  Onye isi ala họpụtakwara ya na Kọmitii Kasị Elu na Nnwere Onwe Mmadụ na Nnwere onwe Ndị Dị Mkpa, ọ rụkwara ọrụ na bọọdụ nke Association for the Prevention of Torture . 

 Ezinụlọ 
Ọ bụ nwa Salah Ben Ammar na nwanne Radhia Haddad, lụrụ Hayet Ferjani, o nwere nwa nwanyị, Zeineb, na ụmụ nwoke atọ, Kais, Khalil na Maher.

 Ọnwụ 
Hassib Ben Ammar nwụrụ na 15 Disemba 2008. E liri ya, nke e mere na ili ozu Jellaz na nsọtụ Tunis, ọtụtụ ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ mmegide, ndị isi obodo na obodo, tinyere ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ. Ọ bụ Fouad Mebazaa, onye bụ onye isi oche nke ụlọ omebe iwu mba n'oge ahụ, kwuru okwu olili ozu ahụ, mana o kwuru okwu ahụ n'aka Onye isi ala Ben Ali n'onwe ya. Onye isi ala ahụ zigakwara ozi zuru oke nke ọmịiko na ọmịiko kpọmkwem na ezinụlọ ahụ nwụrụ anwụ.

N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha okporo ámá nke 8811 na Tunis iji sọpụrụ ya. 

 Onyinye na mmata 

 1992 UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Advocacy natara site na Ben Ammar n'aha Arab Institute of Human Rights 
 1993 Ihe nrite nke United Nations Human Rights na ncheta afọ 45 nke Universal Declaration of Human RightsNkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ
 1993 Ihe nrite Onye isi ala maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ
 Iwu nke 7 Nọvemba site n'aka Onye isi ala Boubaker Sghaïer (18 December 2008). "Hommage à ... Hassib Ben Ammar". "Leaders" (PR Factory, Ennour Building, Cité des Sciences - BP 200 - 1082 Tunis - Tunisie). Retrieved 15 June 2015.

N'afọ 2011, a gbanwere aha Road Number 8811 na Tunis n'aha Hassib Ben Ammar.

 Ihe ndị e ji mara ya 
Onye isi nke Tunisian Order of Independence (1968) 

 Edemsibia 

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations