Alice Kober

Alice Elizabeth Kober (December 23, 1906 - May 16, 1950) bụkwa onye America classicist nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na decipherment nke Linear B. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Hunter College na Mahadum Columbia, Kober kụziri classics na Brooklyn College site na 1930 ruo na ọnwụ ya. N'afọ 1940, o bipụtara akwụkwọ atọ dị mkpa na edemede ahụ, nke na-egosi ihe akaebe nke Mgbanwe; nchọpụta ya nyere ohere maka iwepụ mmekọrịta phonetic n'etiti ihe ịrịba ama dị iche iche n'enyeghị ha ụkpụrụ phonetic, ọ bụkwa nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na nkọwa ikpeazụ nke edemede ahụ.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Alice Elizabeth Kober na New York na Disemba 23, 1906 maka ndị mba Hungary Franz na Katharina Kober.

Ezinụlọ ahụ bi na Yorkville, Manhattan, Franz na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emezigharị ngwá ụlọ ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nlekọta ụlọ. Ọ nwere otu nwanne nwoke, William, onye dị afọ abụọ na-erubeghị afọ iri na ụma ya.[1] Kober mụrụ na Hunter College High School, na 1924 meriri onyinye akwụkwọ $100 kwa afọ.[1] O gara n'ihu na-amụta na Hunter College, ebe o mere isi na Latin ma ọ bụ klasiks[a] wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na magna cum laude na 1928.[2][3] Ọ bụ n'oge ọ na-amụ ihe maka bachelọlọs ya ka Kober bịara mara mbụ akwụkwọ mkpịsị edemede Minoan.[b][5] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ịmụ akwụkwọ mmụta akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia, na-akụzi na ngalaba klasiks nke Hunter College.[2] Ọ natara MA site na Columbia na 1929, na PhD na 1932.[6] Usoro ọmụmụ PhD ya bụ "Ojiji Okwu Nkọwa Agba n’Ọbụbụ Aka nke ndị ode akwụkwọ Greek, gụnyere ndị ode akwụkwọ niile site na Homer ruo 146 BC ma e wezụga ndị na-ede epigrams",[7] nke Charles Knapp nyochara.[8]

Dịka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Kober gụsịrị ihe ndị dị iche iche, na-eme klaasị na mgbakọ na mwepụ, kemịstrị, na mbara igwe yana klasiiki.[2] Mgbe ọ mechara PhD ya, o nwetara ahụmahụ na ọkà ihe ọmụma, na-etinye aka na ọrụ ubi na Chaco Canyon nke Mahadum New Mexico haziri na 1936, na na Gris na Mahadum Amerika nke Classical Studies na Athens na 1939.[2] O gụsịrị ọtụtụ asụsụ. Yana ịmụta asụsụ Greek, Latin, French, German, na Anglo-Saxon,[9] o mere usoro n’asụsụ Sanskrit na Linguistic Institute na 1941 na 1942, na na Yale site na 1942 ruo 1945; o mere klaasị na Hittite, Old Persian, Tocharian, Old Irish, Akkadian, Sumerian, Chinese, na Basque.[2] N'ikpeazụ 1946, na mmalite nke Guggenheim Fellowship ya, o gụsịrị ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Asia Minor oge ochie, gụnyere Carian, Hattic, Hurrian, Lycian, na Lydian.[10]
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọbá akwụkwọ dị na Brooklyn College, ebe Kober kụziri site na 1930 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ
Site na 1930 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1950, Kober kụziri na Brooklyn College . [2] N'afọ 1936 ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ n'ebe ahụ; n'afọ 1950 a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ osote pròfesọ.[7] Brooklyn College bụ isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi kama ịbụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, ọ kụzikwaara ọrụ zuru oke, ya na ndị ọzọ anọ na-ekerịta ọfịs.[11] Site na 1944, ọ tọghatara akwụkwọ nkuzi na ule na Braille maka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile kpuru ìsì na Brooklyn College.[12]

Kober bụ onye otu ọtụtụ òtù ndị ọkachamara, gụnyere American Classical League, Archaeological Institute of America - na-eje ozi na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ maka American Journal of Archaeology - ,  American Philological Association, [2] na Linguistic Society of America.[7][6] Site na mbido afọ 1940, ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ngalaba na Hunter College nke Eta Sigma Phi, otu nsọpụrụ maka ndị ochie.[13] N'afọ 1948, e mere ya onye na-eme nchọpụta na Mahadum Pennsylvania.[14]

 Linear B 
Kober alụghị di ma ọlị, a maghịkwa ma O nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ọ bụla; ewezuga nkwekọrịta nkuzi ya, o raara ndụ ya nye ịkọwa Linear B.[15] Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na edemede ahụ na mbido afọ 1930, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị akụzi ma ọ bụ bipụta ọrụ ya na ya ruo n'afọ 1940.[16] N'adịghị ka ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ, bụ ndị malitere nyocha ha banyere edemede ahụ site n'ịgbalị ịmata asụsụ ọ na-ede, Kober kwenyere na nkọwa ọ bụla nke Linear B ga-amalite site na ihe akaebe dị n'ime nke mbadamba Linear B.[17] Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Linear B site n'inyocha ihe odide nke ọ bụla na mbadamba, na-achịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ banyere ugboro ole ha pụtara, ọnọdụ ha pụtara na ya, na ihe odide ha pụtara n'akụkụ ya.[18] N'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na edemede ahụ, o jupụtara na akwụkwọ edemede 40 na - mgbe mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị o mere ka akwụkwọ sie ike inweta - kaadị ndepụta 180,000 nke e ji akwụkwọ mkpofu mee na ihe ndekọ nyocha ya.[19]
áká_èkpè|thumb|Mbadamba nkume Linear B a chọtara na Pylos. Kober raara ndụ ya nye ịkọwapụta edemede ahụ.
N'afọ 1945, Kober bipụtara nke mbụ n'ime akwụkwọ atọ dị mkpa na Linear B, "Evidence of Inflection in the 'Chariot' Tablets from Knossos", na-egosi echiche ahụ, nke Sir Arthur Evans bu ụzọ tụọ aro, na ọ dekọrọ asụsụ gbanwere.[20] N'afọ 1946, o bipụtara nke abụọ n'ime akwụkwọ ya dị mkpa na edemede ahụ, "Inflection in Linear Class B", [c] nke gbasaa ọrụ ahụ na akwụkwọ ya n'afọ 1945.[21] Akwụkwọ a, dị ka Maurice Pope si kwuo "ọrụ ya kachasị sie ike na nke a ma ama",[22] ga-abụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịkọwapụta Linear B.[23] N'ime ya, Kober chọpụtara ihe a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede bridging, ebe mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede bụ akụkụ nke mgbọrọgwụ nke okwu, na njedebe bụ akụkụ nke nsonaazụ a gbanwere agbanwe; nke a nyere ohere maka njirimara nke mmekọrịta fonetiki n'etiti usoro akara Linear B.[24]

Ọzọkwa na 1946, e nyere Kober Guggenheim Fellowship, na-enye ya ohere iwepụ otu afọ n'ọrụ nkuzi ya iji rụọ ọrụ na Linear B oge niile.[25] Ọ gara England, nọrọ izu ise na St. Hugh's College, Oxford, ebe ọ ga-enwe ike ịnweta nchịkọta niile nke ihe odide Linear B a na-ebipụtaghị ebipụta nke Evans chọpụtara.[26] Kober nọrọ oge ya na Oxford na-edepụtaghachi ihe odide ndị a n'aka, ka e wee nwee ike nyochaa ha mgbe ọ laghachiri New York; ebe ọ nwere ike ịnweta ihe dị ka ihe odide 200 e bipụtarala, [27]mgbe oge ya na St. Hugh gasịrị, o nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1800 .[28]

Na ọnwa Septemba, afọ 1947, na nkpali sitere n'aka John Franklin Daniel, onye ndezi nke American Journal of Archaeology, Kober malitere ọrụ na akwụkwọ ya nke atọ dị mkpa banyere Linear B, na-akọwapụta ọnọdụ ọmụmụ sayensị banyere akwụkwọ edemede ndị Minoan;[29]o nyefere akwụkwọ ahụ e derecha na Ọktoba 1947,[30] ma e bipụtara ya na 1948.[31]

a Julaị 1949, Kober dara ọrịa ma gaa ụlọ ọgwụ.[35] Ọ nwụrụ na Mee 16, 1950, mgbe ọ dị afọ 43.[36] Enweghị ihe ndekọ banyere ihe kpatara ọrịa ya na akwụkwọ ozi ya, asambodo ọnwụ, ma ọ bụ obituaries.[37] Dị ka nwa nwanne nne ya si kwuo, asịrị ezinụlọ kwuru na ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa afọ.[38] Kober hapụrụ ihe ndekọ ya nye Emmett L. Bennett Jr.,  onye America na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ya na ya na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi kemgbe 1948. [39][40] Ọ bụ Mahadum Texas dị na Austin na-eme ha.[41]

A na-echeta Kober dị ka onye nyere aka dị mkpa na decipherment nke Linear B. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ọnwụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Language, Adelaide Hahn dere na "ọ bụrụ na mgbe emechara decipherment a, n'ezie a ga-ahụ ọrụ ya nke ọma na nke kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na-ekere òkè na ya".[2] Amụma a ga-abụ eziokwu: mgbe Michael Ventris kọwapụtara edemede ahụ, onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ John Chadwick matara ya maka ịtọ ntọala, ma kọwaa onyinye ya na ọmụmụ nke Linear B dị ka "nke kachasị baa uru" tupu ngwọta ikpeazụ Ventris.[42]

 Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ 






 The Riddle of the Labyrinth, akwụkwọ Margalit Fox dere banyere nyocha Kober banyere Linear B

 Ihe Odide 





Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations