Oscine itoolu

Oscines nke itoolu bụ otu ezinụlọ nnụnụ na suborder Passeri (oscines) nke Passeriformes. Ngwakọta nke otu a Aha nke otu a sitere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụdị niile dị n'ime ya nwere naanị nku isi itoolu a na-ahụ anya nke ọma na nku ọ bụla (n'ezie ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe niile, nwekwara isi nke iri, ma ọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu ma na-ezobe ya).agbanweela kemgbe ewepụtara okwu ahụ mana ugbu a a na-ewere ya na ọ nwere ezinụlọ asaa -Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae, Passerellidae, Parulidae na Icteridae—tinyere ụfọdụ obere ezinụlọ. Mgbe ewepụrụ Frigillidae ezinụlọ isii fọdụrụ ka a na-akpọ "Ụwa Ọhụrụ" oscines itoolu.

 Nchịkọta nke Wallace 
N'afọ 1874, onye Britain na-ahụ maka ihe ndị e kere eke bụ Alfred Russel Wallace kewara ụmụ nnụnụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nk ábụ́bà ndị bụ isi ma tinye ezinụlọ iri n'ime ìgwè ya itoolu, ndị Tanagroid Passeres: 

 Motacillidae - wagtails na pipits
 Mniotiltidae - New World warblers, ugbu a na Parulidae
 Coerebidae - ndị na-azụ mmanụ aṅụ, ugbu a na Thraupidae
 Drepanidae - ndị na-eme mmanụ aṅụ na Hawaii, mgbe e mesịrị Drepanididae, ugbu a na Fringillidae
 Dicaeidae - okooko osisi
 Ampelidae - waxwings, ugbu a na Bombycillidae
 Hirundinidae - ụmụ nnụnụ na martins
 Tanagridae - tanagers, ugbu a na Thraupidae, na euphonias, ugbu a dị na Fringillidae
 Fringillidae - finches, tinyere buntings, ugbu a na Emberizidae, na nza America, ugbu a bụ na Passerellidae
 Icteridae - grackles, New World blackbirds na orioles

 Ìgwè nke oge a 
Isii n'ime ezinụlọ Wallace gụnyere ugbu a na oscines itoolu: Mniotiltidae, Coerebidae, Drepanidae, Tanagridae, Fringillidae na Icteridae. A maara ezinụlọ anọ ndị ọzọ ugbu a dị ka ndị na-enweghị njikọ chiri anya.

Ọ bụ ezie na oscines itoolu dị iche iche dị iche iche n'ebe ugwu South America, ha gbasara n'ụwa ọhụrụ gụnyere Greater na Lesser Antilles. Ha enwekwara Galapagos (Darwin's finches) na otu Tristan da Cunha na South Atlantic (Nesospiza na Rowettia na Thraupidae). Ezinụlọ abụọ, Emberizidae (buntings) na Calcariidae (longspurs na snow buntings), achịla Ụwa Ochie.

Ìgwè na-enweghị Fringillidae, New World oscines itoolu, bụ superfamily Emberizoidea. Superfamily nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 870 ma ọ bụ 8% nke nnụnụ niile. E kewara ya n'ime ezinụlọ iri na isii:  

 Fringillidae - ụdị 228: finches na euphonias
 Rhodinocichlidae - rosy thrush-tanager
 Calcariidae - ụdị isii: longspurs na snow buntings
 Emberizidae - 44 ụdị: buntings
 Cardinalidae - ụdị 53: cardinals
 Mitrospingidae - 4 ụdị: mitrospingid tanagers
 Thraupidae - ụdị 383: tanagers na ndị enyi
 Passerellidae - ụdị 136: New World sparrows, bush tanagers
 Parulidae - ụdị 119: New World warblers
 Icteriidae - nkata ara na-acha odo odo
 Icteridae - ụdị 109: grackles, New World blackbirds, na New World orioles
 Calyptophilidae - ụdị abụọ: chat-tanagers
 Zeledoniidae - wrenthrush
 Teretistridae - ụdị abụọ: Cuban warblers
 Nesospingidae - Puerto Rican tanager
 Spindalidae - ụdị anọ: spindalises
 Phaenicophilidae - ụdị anọ: Hispaniolan tanagers

 Ihe edeturu 

 Edemsibia