Emma Lucy Braun

Emma Lucy Braun (April 19, 1889 - March 5, 1971) bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ a ma ama, ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ, na ọkachamara n'ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ United States bụ onye prọfesọ nke Mahadum Cincinnati. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara ịbụ onye isi oche nke Ecological Society of America, na 1950. Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi tupu a gbasaa okwu ahụ, na nwanyị ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa ya, na-enweta ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
A mụrụ Emma Lucy Braun na Eprel 19, 1889, na Cincinnati; ọ biri na Ohio maka ndụ ya fọdụrụ.. Ada George Frederick na Emma Moriah (Wright) Braun, mmasị mbụ ya na ụwa nke ụwa bụ ndị nne na nna gbara ya ume, bụ ndị kpọgara ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ Annette Frances Braun n'ime ọhịa iji chọpụta okooko ọhịa. Nne Braun nwere ọbụna obere ahịhịa ahịhịa. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Braun n'onwe ya malitere ịchịkọta osisi maka ọmụmụ ihe, mmalite nke nnukwu herbarium nke ọ chịkọtara n'oge ndụ ya, nke nwere ụdị 11,891. Nchịkọta ya ghọrọ akụkụ nke herbarium na Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History na Washington D.C.[4]

Braun gụrụ botany na geology na Mahadum Cincinnati . O nwetara nzere bachelọ na 1910, nzere masta na geology na 1912, na PhD na botany na 1914. N'afọ 1912, ya na Henry C. Cowles mụrụ ihe; Harris M. Benedict bụ onye ndụmọdụ edemede ya, yana ndụmọdụ ọzọ sitere n'aka Nevin M. Fenneman.[4] Ọ ghọrọ nwanyị nke isii nwetara PhD site na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ; nwanne ya nwanyị bụ nke mbụ.[4] Ọrụ nkuzi na nyocha nke Braun na Mahadum Cincinnati malitere dịka onye inyeaka na geology (1910–1913). Ọ kụziri dị ka onye inyeaka na botany site na 1914 ruo 1917, wee gaa n'ihu site na aha onye nkuzi, osote prọfesọ, na prọfesọ osote. O nwetara prọfesọ zuru oke dị ka onye prọfesọ nke ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọkụkụ na 1946, afọ abụọ tupu ezumike nka ya. O jidere aha prọfesọ emeritus nke ihe ọkụkụ sitere na 1948 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1971. [5]

Braun na-arụsi ọrụ ike karịsịa n'ọhịa, ma n'oge ọ bụ prọfesọ nakwa n'oge ezumike nká. Ọ gara ihe karịrị kilomita 65,000 n'ime afọ 25 nke nyocha, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anya ụgbọala nke ya. Na mgbakwunye na nyocha dị nso na Adams County, Ohio, na n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, Braun mere njem 13 na ọdịda anyanwụ United States. Nwanne ya nwanyị Annette, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ ahụhụ na ikike na Microlepidoptera nyeere ya aka n'ọrụ ya. Braun were ọtụtụ foto na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke osisi ndị ọ zutere n'ọhịa ya, ma gosipụta ha dị ka slides iji gosipụta okwu ya na-ewu ewu, ma na klas mahadum ma n'ozuzu.[6] N'ugwu nke Kentucky n'oge oge mmachibido iwu, Braun na nwanne ya nwanyị na-enyocha mgbe ụfọdụ ebe ọnwa na-arụ ọrụ; Otú ọ dị, ha nọgidere na-atụkwasị obi nke ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ, na-asọpụrụ omenala obodo ma ghara ịkọrọ ndị ọchịchị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu na-akwadoghị.
Braun guzobere ụlọ nyocha na ogige nnwale n'ụlọ ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bi; ọ lụbeghị di.[8] Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 81 n'ihi nkụchi obi, e lie ya na Cincinnati na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwanyị na Spring Grove Cemetery. [9]

 Nnyocha na nkwado 

N'ime ọrụ ya, Lucy Braun dere akwụkwọ anọ na isiokwu 180 bipụtara n'ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ iri abụọ.[10] Ihe ncheta ya kachasị echeta na nke na-adịgide adịgide bụ Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America (1950). Francis Fosberg kwuru banyere akwụkwọ ya "otu onye nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ ọrụ doro anya, nakwa na ọ ruru ọkwa dị mma nke na-adịkarịghị ma ọ bụ na-enwetụbeghị na American ecology ma ọ bụ sayensị ahịhịa, ma ọ dịkarịa ala na ọrụ ọ bụla dị mkpa. " Ogilvie, Marilyn; Joy Harvey (2000). Women in Science. New York: Routledge. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-415-92038-4. Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ njedebe nke nyocha ya na vascular plant floristics na ihe mejupụtara obodo osisi dị iche iche nke oké ọhịa, nke malitere na nyocha ya nke mpaghara ndị na-enweghị ice na ndịda Ohio. [9] N'afọ 1920 na 1930, ọrụ taxonomy nke Braun gụnyere akwụkwọ ọhụrụ nke osisi nke mpaghara Cincinnati, na ntụnyere na osisi nke 100 afọ gara aga. Nnyocha ya, otu n'ime ndị mbụ nke ụdị ya na United States, nyere ihe nlereanya maka nyochaa mgbanwe na osisi na-aga n'ihu.[9] N'ịrụ ọrụ site na nghọta na ugwu ndịda Appalachian bụ Ebe mgbaba maka obodo nke osisi ọhịa n'oge oge glaciation, Braun tụrụ aro mbugharị abụọ nke osisi ala ahịhịa site na ala ahịhi dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'oge okpomọkụ: mmegharị tupu Illinoian na nke post-Wisconsinan. Ọ chịkọtara echiche ya na "The Phytogeography of Unglaciated Eastern United States and Its Interpretation".[11] N'afọ 1940, a kọwara Braun dị ka ihe ọhụrụ na sayensị ụdị anọ na ụdị Osisi vascular anọ, niile sitere na mpaghara Kentucky, yana ngwakọta fern.[11] N'ozuzu, a na-ewere Lucy Braun dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eche echiche mbụ na gburugburu ebe obibi osisi nke North America site na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ.[12]

Dị ka prọfesọ, o nwere ụmụ akwụkwọ MA iri na atọ na otu nwa akwụkwọ PhD, itoolu n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị; nduzi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị prọfesor nwanyị n'oge ahụ.

Lucy Braun lụkwara ọgụ iji chekwaa ebe okike ma guzobe ebe Nchekwa Okike, ọkachasị na Adams County. O guzobere isi Cincinnati nke Wild Flower Preservation Society na 1924, nyere aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Wild Flower, ma jee ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ site na 1928 ruo 1933.[11] Mgbalị ya iji chebe ala ahịhịa limestone nke dị 22 acres (Lynx Prairie) dugara n'ịmepụta Richard &amp; Lucile Durrell Edge nke Appalachia Preserve System, ebe nchekwa 20,000 acres,  na n'ikpeazụ ịmepụta The Nature Conservancy. 

 Onyinye, nsọpụrụ, na nsọpụrụ 
Lucy Braun natara Guggenheim Fellowships na ngalaba sayensị osisi na 1943 na 1944.  A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Ecological Society of America na 1950, nke mbụ maka nwanyị.[5] A na-enye nwa akwụkwọ E. Lucy Braun Award for Excellence in Ecology maka ngosi ngosi dị ịrịba ama na nzukọ kwa afọ nke Society.  Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Academylọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị Ohio site na 1933 ruo 1934, ewebata ya na Ụlọ Nche Nchekwa Ohio na 1971, ọzọ bụ nwanyị mbụ n'okwu abụọ ahụ.[5] N'afọ 1952, ụlọ ọrụ sayensị Cranbrook nyere ya Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award na botany. [5] N'afọ 1956, e nyere ya asambodo nke Merit site n'aka Botanical Society of America, a kpọsakwara ya otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ America 69 a ma ama na 1961.[5] N'afọ 1966, Braun natara Eloise Payne Luquer Medal maka ihe ịga nke ọma pụrụ iche na botany site na Garden Club of America. [5]

A na-echeta ya na aha osisi anọ, [./Ageratina_luciae-<i id= Brauniae]" id="mwxg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ageratina luciae-brauniae">Ageratina luciae-brauniae, Erigeron pulchellus var. brauniae, Silphium terebinthinaceum var. luciae-brauniae, na Viola x brauniae,  na otu lichen, Rinodina brauniana .[18]

 Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ 

 Akụkọ nke 7.
 Braun bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ.




 Na Gramineae nke Clara G. Weishaupt. Ihe osise mbụ nke Elizabeth Dalvé na Elizabeth King.


 Nchịkọta nke onye edemede 


 Edemsibia 

 Akwụkwọ 




 Njikọ mpụga 

 Emma Lucy Braun Photograph Album, c. 1932-1940 site na Smithsonian Institution ArchivesEbe ndebe Ihe Ochie nke Smithsonian
 Annette na E. Lucy Braun Akwụkwọ E debere  Wayback Machine na Cincinnati History Library & Archived nke Cincinnati Museum CenterEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Cincinnati
 Braun, Emma Lucy, na Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists: Chrono-Biographical Sketches, nwetara n'April 4, 2012
 Braun, E. (Emma) Lucy, na The Free Dictionary nke Farlex, nwetara n'April 4, 2012
 A Force of Nature: Lucy Braun, ihe ngosi na-eme ka ndụ E. Lucy Braun pụta ìhè, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-emepe emepe na narị afọ nke 20, nwetara na Jenụwarị 19, 2020
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations