Zsófia Torma

Zsófia Torma (26 Septemba 1832 - 14 Nọvemba 1899) bụ onye Ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Hungary, onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ochie.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
A mụrụ Torma na obodo Csicsókeresztúr, Beszterce-Naszód County, Austria-Hungary (today Cristeștii Ciceului, Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania). Mgbe nne na nna ya nwụsịrị, ya na nwanne ya nwanyị kwagara Szászváros, nke dị na Romania ugbu a, ebe ọ malitere ịmụ ugbo snail ọ hụrụ na Obodo Hunedoara .

Torma na-amụta ihe n'onwe ya. N'afọ 1875, Flóris Rómer , nke ụfọdụ ndị weere dị ka nna nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Hungary, gbara ya ume ịmalite igwu ala nke ya nke ebe obibi oge ochie nke Tordos (nke dị ugbu a Turdaș), n'akụkụ Osimiri Mureș. Ihe nnọchianya na ihe odide ndị dị n'elu ihe ụrọ ọ hụrụ n'oge a na-egwu ala na Hunyad County ghọrọ ihe na-akpali akpali. Ọ chọpụtakwara ihe ndị e ji mara Omenala Tordos dị puku isii ruo puku asaa, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere akara Vinča. Dị ka Gizella si kwuo,Zsófia Torma bụ onye mbụ chọpụtara omenala Neolithic nke Tordos, na-adọta uche na njikọ dị n'etiti akara Tordos na agụmagụ nke Asiria-Babilọn, ntinye akwụkwọ Sumerian site na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Tordos afọ iri abụọ, ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ tupu achọpụtara nke ọma achịkọtara nke ọma, nchọpụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ dị oke ọnụ ahịa na ha, ebe ọ bụ na a nyochara omenala Vinca-Tordos naanị na 1908. Torma nwere nnukwu nsogbu ego nke nchọpụta nke onwe ya kpatara. Ọ lụkwara ọgụ na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na mba nke ya, bụ ndị "na-akwa ya emo ma na-eleghara ya anya, dị ka nwanyị na onye na-amụta ihe n'ọhịa nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie, yana echiche na mgbalị ya. "  Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta ya na ihe odide ya nwetara nnabata n'etiti ndị nchọpụta mba ọzọ na-etinye aka na ogologo akwụkwọ ozi.  

E bipụtara ọrụ ya a ma ama, Ethnographische Analogien, na Jena, Germany, na afọ 1894. Torma nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na ntọala nke National Museum of Transylvanian History nke Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca nke oge a). N'ime testament ya, ọ hapụrụ nchịkọta ya nke 10,387 ihe mgbe ochie na Transylvanian National Museum's Museum of Medals and Antiquities .  Na 24 Mee dí na afọ 1899, naanị ọnwa ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a kpọrọ dọkịta nsọpụrụ na Kolozsvári m. kir. Ferencz József Tudomány, ihe bụ taa Mahadum Babeș-Bolyai.

Torma nwụrụ na Szászváros (Orăștie ugbu a), na 14 Nọvemba dí na afọ 1899.

 Hụkwa 

 Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

 Edensibia 

 Ihe edeturu 



 Ọrụ ndụ nke Zsófia Torma na Transylvanian Values Collection (n'asụsụ Hungarian) 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Coltofean, Laura 2017. Zsófia Torma: Onye ọsụ ụzọ nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na Transylvania. N'ime: Cs. Szabó, V. Rusu-Bolindeț, G. T. Rustoiu, M. Gligor (ed.): Adalbert Cserni and His Contemporaries. Ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke Alba Iulia na Beyond. Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2017: 327-354.
 Coltofean, Laura 2015. Foto ihe na 19th Century Archaeology. Foto nke Zsófia Torma's Archaeological Collection. Brukenthal Acta musei X.1: 35-48.
 Coltofean, Laura 2015. Importanța ediției a opta a Congrès international dꞌanthropologie et dꞌarchéologie préhistoriques în Feldtarea arheologiei preistorice în Transilvania secolului al XIX-lea / The Importance of CIAAP 1876 in the Development of Prehistoric Archaeology in 19th Century Transylvania. Na: ArheoVest, Nr. III / No. III: In Memoriam Florin Medeleț (1943-2005), Interdisciplinaritate în Arheologie [Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology], Timişoara, 28 noiembrie 2015 / 28 November 2015, Vol. 2: Usoro Interdisciplinare și Istorie [Ụzọ Interdisciplinary na Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme]: 1035-1055. ISBN 978-963-315-264-5  
 Coltofean, Laura 2014. Ikpughe Zsófia Torma. Diary of a Woman, a Archaeologist and a Visionary. Na: Marler, Joan (ed.), Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations. Festschrift na nsọpụrụ nke Gheorghe Lazarovici n'oge ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri asaa na atọ. Sebastopol: 258-273.
 Coltofean, Laura 2012. Mgbe Mmasị siri ike karịa Ọnwụ... Zsófia Torma's Reflections. Brukenthalia Romanian Cultural History Review 2: 67-77.