Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner

Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner (Julaị 5, 1823 – Julaị 18, 1906) bụ onye American botanist na onye na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ sitere na Massachusetts, na-elekwasị anya na spermatophytes. Horner bụ nwanyị mbụ ghọrọ onye otu Massachusetts Horticultural Society na nwanyị mbụ wetara ihe ngosi sayensị nye ndị otu obodo.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
A mụrụ Horner na July 5, 1823, na Boxford, Massachusetts, nye Mary (née Parker) na Samuel Morse. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nkeonwe. Ọ kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ North Andover na Boxford site na afọ 16 wee lụọ onye na-akpụ akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ aha ya bụ William Spofford Horner, na-ebi na Georgetown dị nso, obodo nta dị n'ebe ugwu Boston.

Ọ malitere ma na-arụ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Boston na ikekwe na Mahadum Harvard iji kwado ọmụmụ na ule bara uru. N'afọ 1886 naanị, o nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ 450 na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị abụọ ihe karịrị 10,300 nke ihe dị ka ụdị 80 na ụdị dị iche iche. Azụmaahịa ya mere ka ọ dịkarịa ala $ 50 na 1885 na $ 195 na 1893 - nnukwu ego maka oge ahụ. Mgbe di ya lara ezumike nká mgbe afọ 25 dị ka onye isi ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ osisi ma soro nwunye ya na njem nchịkọta maka azụmaahịa abụọ ahụ. Ọ mechiri azụmahịa ya na 1898, n'otu afọ ahụ di ya nwụrụ.Delissio, Lisa J.; Hall, Lindsay (May 2023). "Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner, trailblazing botanist". Salem State University Digital Repository. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.11078.24643.

Horner kpọkọtara nnukwu herbarium, na-anakọta ma na-ekewa ụdị ihe atụ sitere na obodo 50 gafee steeti 9, gụnyere otu ma ọ bụ karịa ụdị ụdị fern ọ bụla ama ama na US Mgbe William nwụsịrị, mgbe ọ dị afọ 75, ọ nọrọ izu ole na ole na Colorado maa ụlọikwuu na ịnakọta osisi. N'ime mkpokọta ya, a maara ihe karịrị ụdị 1,300 dị taa, nke emere na Grey Herbarium, New England Botanical Society, Peabody Essex Museum, na herbaria ndị ọzọ n'ofe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Mahadum Harvard Herbaria ewepụtala 792 n'ime ụdịdị ahụ..Delissio, Lisa J.; Hall, Lindsay (May 2023). "Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner, trailblazing botanist". Salem State University Digital Repository. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.11078.24643. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2025, e depụtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị 148 na mbipụta sayensị 43.

A matara Horner n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ ibe ya dị ka ọkachamara na osisi New England. Ọ natara diplọma site na Massachusetts Horticultural Society na 1869, na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ịbụ onye otu, wee bụrụ onye otu maka ndụ na 1873. N'afọ 1880, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ kwupụtara okwu sayensị na Society n'ime afọ 51 nke ịdị adị ya. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ United States bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị n'afọ 1880 na 1890. N'agbata afọ 1871 na 1896, Horner natara ọtụtụ onyinye na onyinye ego maka ngosipụta ya nke ọtụtụ narị ụdị (osisi okooko osisi, ferns, mosses, fungi, akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, na ndị ọzọ) na ngosi kwa izu, kwa ọnwa, na kwa afọ nke Horticultural Society na Essex County Agricultural Society. N'afọ 1880, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ natara ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke Horticultural Society maka osisi ala, na-emeri ihe nrite nke abụọ afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Essex Institute na 1895. Delissio, Lisa J.; Hall, Lindsay (May 2023). "Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner, trailblazing botanist". Salem State University Digital Repository. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.11078.24643.

Horner nwụrụ na Georgetown na 1906 mgbe ọ dị afọ 83. E liri ya na Union Cemetery na Georgetown . Delissio, Lisa J.; Hall, Lindsay (May 2023). "Charlotte Nichols Saunders Horner, trailblazing botanist". Salem State University Digital Repository. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.11078.24643.

 Edemsibia 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Horner, C. N. S. "Native Plants", Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for the Year, Part I, pp. 51-54, January 31, 1880
 Metcalf, Mrs. Robert F. "Days of the Horners Chetara", Georgetown Advocate, mpịakọta. 3, mbipụta 5, peeji nke 4-5 Eprel 1924.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ihe omuma ihe omuma nke okike nke Charlotte Horner chịkọtara na / ma ọ bụ chọpụta ma tinye
 "Index of Botanical Specimens" - Charlotte N. S. Horner, Harvard University Herbaria and Libraries (2022)