Brassica juncea

Brassica juncea, ahịhịa mọstad na-adịkarị, mọstad aja aja, mọstad China, mọstad India, mọstad green Korea, mọstad akwukwo, mọstad Oriental na mọstad akwukwo nri, bụ ụdị osisi mọstad.

 Osisi ndị a na-akụ 
Enwere ike kewaa ụdị Brassica juncea n'ime obere ìgwè anọ: integrifolia, juncea, napiformis, na tsatsai.

 Integrifolia 
ÌgwèFotoNkọwamustard akwụkwọmustard akwụkwọframeless|180x180pxA maara akwụkwọ mustard dị ka "bamboo mustard", "obere gai choy" (小 菜), na "mustard cabbage".Mustard na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Korea na mustard na-apụta apụframeless|120x120pxOsisi mustard na-amịpụta akwụkwọ na-acha uhie uhie (ụra) na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (청 Heather) na akwụkwọ nri.Nnukwu mustard na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Japan (タカナ, 高菜) frameless|120x120pxNnukwu mustard, nke a makwaara dị ka "Japanese mustard", "takana" (タカナ, 高菜), nwere akwụkwọ na-acha odo odo na-acha ọbara ọbara nke nwere ụtọ siri ike, dị nkọ, na-atọ ụtọ.snow mustardframeless|180x180pxA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  var. foliosa na B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia. A maara osisi mustard dị ka "red-in-snow mustard", "green-in-Snow mustard" na "xuělǐhóng / hsueh li hung".mustard nwere akwụkwọ ndụframeless|120x120pxA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia. A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mustard curled", "American mustard", "Southern mustard"," "Texas mustard", na "Southern curled mustard".mustard buru ibumustard buru ibuframeless|120x120pxmustard nwere mpiA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. strumata. Osisi mustard nwere "mpi" n'etiti ogwe ya, ya mere aha ya, "mustard nwere mpi".mustard isimustard isiframeless|120x120pxA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. Ọ na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ Swatow (Dai gai choy, chow mustard, chow Mustard fụchiri afụchi) na Bamboo (jook gai choi). 

 Juncea 
ÌgwèFotoNkọwamkpụrụ osisi mustardframeless|120x120pxA na-akpọ mkpụrụ osisi mustard nwere mmanụ rai ma ọ bụ raya na India. Dị ka mkpụrụ mmanụ ndị ọzọ brassicas, ọ nwere ma elu-erucic acid na ala-erucic acid cultivars. A na-akpọ ụdị acid dị ala dị ka canola.

 Napiformis 
ÌgwèFotoNkọwamkpụrụ osisi mustardA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. napiformis. A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mkpụrụ osisi mustard", "mkpụrụ ndụ mustard buru ibu", "m mkpụrụ ndụ mustard", na "mkpụrụ obi mustard".

 Tsatsai 
ÌgwèFotoNkọwamustard multishootmustard multishootA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps. A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mustard ọkụkọ", "multishoot mustard", na "mustand nwere isi itoolu".Nnukwu osisi mustardOsisi Mkpụrụ osisi
(Stu okwu) frameless|120x120pxA maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. tumida. A na-akpọ osisi mustard nwere knobby, nke dị ka aka, nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ "big-stem mustard" ma ọ bụ "swollen-stem mustart".

 Ojiji 

 Nri 

N'ime ntụaka  100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce), elu mọstad esiri esi na-enye 110 kilojoules (kilocalories 26) nke ume nri ma bụrụ isi iyi bara ụba (20% ma ọ bụ karịa nke Uru kwa ụbọchị) nke vitamin A, C, na K—K dị elu karịa ka ọnụọgụ nke Uru Kwa ụbọchị. Akwụkwọ ahịhịa mọstad bụ isi iyi na-agafeghị oke nke vitamin E na calcium. Elu bụ 92% mmiri, 4.5% carbohydrates, 2.6% protein na 0.5% abụba (tebụl).

 Nri 
A na-eri akwụkwọ, mkpụrụ, na alaka nke ụdị mọstad a. Osisi a na-apụta n'ụdị ụfọdụ na nri ndị Africa, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Filipino, Tripuri, Italian, Indian, Japanese, Okinawan, Nepali, Pakistani, Korean, Southern, Taiwanese, and African-American (nri mkpụrụ obi). A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi nke B. Juncea maka elu ha, yana maka imepụta mmanụ mọstad. A na-akpọ condimenti mọstad sitere na mkpụrụ nke B. juncea mọstad aja aja ma na-ewere ya dị ka oseose karịa mọstad odo.

N'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịnwe ercic acid, ihe nwere ike ịbụ nsí, a na-egbochi mmanụ mustard ka ọ ghara ibubata dị ka mmanụ akwụkwọ nri na United States. Otú ọ dị, ndị nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ nke United States ghọtara na mmanụ mọstad dị mkpa dị ka nke dị mma  Na Russia, nke a bụ ụdị ndị a na-emepụta maka mmepụta mmanụ mọstad. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ canning, ịsa achịcha na mmepụta margarine na Russia, a na-esikwa na B. Juncea mee ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime tebụl mọstad Russia.

A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme nri n'Afrịka,  a na-ejikwa akụkụ osisi niile eme nri Nepal, ọkachasị na mpaghara ugwu nke Nepal, yana na Nri Punjabi n'akụkụ ugwu nke mpaghara India, ebe a na-akwadebe nri a na-akpọ sarson da saag (mustard greens).  B. juncea  subsp. A na-eji Tatsai, nke nwere ogwe osisi siri ike, eme ihe iji mee pickle Nepali a na-akpọ achar, na pickle Chinese zha cai.A na-akpọ osisi a "lai xaak" na Assamese ma na-akụ ya nke ukwuu n'oge oyi. A na-eri ya n'ụdị ọ bụla na Assam na Northeast, ma ọ bụ sie ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya na salad, sie ya naanị ya ma ọ bụrụ na anụ ezì.

N'oge mgbede Afọ Ọhụrụ nke Taiwan, Ndị Taiwan na-eri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (: 長年菜; : cháng nián caw) dị ka akụkụ nke nri abalị nnọkọ, na-anọchi anya ogologo ndụ.

Ndị Gorkhas nke steeti India nke Darjeeling, West Bengal na Sikkim yana Nepal na-akwadebe anụ ezì na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (nke a na-akpọkwa rayo na Nepali). A na-erikarị ya na ihe na-atọ ụtọ na osikapa a na-esi ísì ụtọ, mana enwere ike iri ya na Roti (achịcha griddle). Na Nepal, ọ bụkwa ihe a na-emekarị iji anụ dị iche iche sie nri ndị a, ọkachasị anụ ewu; nke a na-akwadebe n'ime ite ọkụ na-enweghị obere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ iji lekwasị anya na ụtọ nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na chillies kpọrọ nkụ. B. juncea  (karịsịa mkpụrụ) na-esi ísì ụtọ karịa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ sitere na B. oleracea  (kale, broccoli, na collard greens),  ma na-agwakọta ya na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nri ndị a na efere nke "akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ".

Nri Ndị China Nri ndị Japan na-ejikwa akwụkwọ nri mustard. Na nri ndị Japan, a maara ya dị ka makata ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka onigiri ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe dị ụtọ. A na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị B. juncea  eme ihe, gụnyere zha cai, Mizuna, makata (var. integrifolia), juk gai choy, na xuelihong. A na-ejikarị ihe ọkụkụ mustard nke Eshia esi nri ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ dị nro.  (Lee mustard pickled.) A na-ejikarị ihe ndị fọdụrụ na nnukwu nri eme nri Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia a na-akpọ asam gai choy ma ọ bụ kiam chai boey. Ọ na-agụnye iji tamarind sie mkpụrụ osisi mustard, chillies kpọrọ nkụ na anụ fọdụrụ na ọkpụkpụ. A makwaara Brassica juncea dị ka gai choi, siu gai choi، xiao jie cai, nwa mustard, Chinese leaf mustard ma ọ bụ mustard.Ndị na-akụ akwụkwọ nri na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi mustard mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịrụ ọrụ dị ka mulch, na-ekpuchi ala iji gbochie ahịhịa n'etiti ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụrụ na a zụlite ya dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, a na-egbutu osisi mustard n'ala mgbe ọ toro nke ọma, ma hapụ ya ka ọ kpọnwụọ n'elu, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mulch ruo mgbe a ga-akụ ihe ọkụkụ ọzọ, mgbe a na-egwu mustard. Na UK, a na-egbutu mustard a kụrụ n'oge ọkọchị na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ malite n'ọnwa Ọktoba. Enwere ike igbu mkpụrụ osisi n'ọnwa Eprel n'ọnwarị, na-eme ka ala dị ọcha maka ihe ọkụkụ a kụrụ n'oge ọkọchị. Otu n'ime ọghọm nke iji mustard dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bụ na ọ na-enwekarị mgbọrọgwụ klọb.  [citation needed]

 Nkwado nke ahịhịa 
A na-eji osisi mọstad a mee ihe na phytoremediation iji wepụ ọla ndị dị arọ, dị ka ndu, na ala dị na ebe mkpofu dị ize ndụ n'ihi na ọ nwere oke nnabata maka ihe ndị a ma na-echekwa ọla ndị dị arọ na sel ya.. Karịsịa, Brassica juncea dị irè karịsịa n'iwepụ cadmium na ala..Usoro iwepụ ọla dị arọ na-agwụ mgbe a na-egbute ihe ọkụkụ ma tụfuo ya nke ọma. E gosiputara phytoremediation dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe karịa usoro ọdịnala maka mbelata ígwè dị arọ na ala. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere mmetụta nke ibelata mbuze ala, belata mmetọ n'ebe dị iche iche.

 Hụkwa 

 Sinapis alba (nke bụbu Brassica alba) - mustard na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha, ụdị mustard ọzọ
 Brassica oleracea - cabbage ọhịa
 Brassica nigra - mustard ojii, ụdị mustard ọzọ
 Brassica rapa - ezinụlọ yiri ya nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a na-eri eri nke a na-eji esi nri n'Eshia
 Brassica carinata - Mustard nke Etiopia
 Maka osisi ndị ọzọ a na-eri eri n'ezinụlọ Brassicaceae, lee akwụkwọ nri cruciferous.

 Edemsibia