Anna Atkins

Anna Atkins (née Children; 16 March 1799 - 9 June 1871  bụ onye England botanist na foto. A na-elekarị ya anya dị ka onye mbụ bipụtara akwụkwọ e ji ihe onyonyo eserese gosi.
Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ mepụtara foto.

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Atkins na Tonbridge, Kent, England na 1799."Art encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art. Anna Atkins". Oxford University Press. 2002. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004852. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Nne ya, Hester Anne Children, "agbakeghị site na mmetụta nke ịmụ nwa" wee nwụọ na 1800.  Anna nọ nna ya nso bụ John George Children, onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka kemịkalụ, ọkà mmụta mineral na ọkà mmụta anụmanụ.. Anna "nwetara agụmakwụkwọ sayensị pụrụ iche maka nwanyị nke oge ya. "  E ji ihe osise ya zuru ezu nke mkpokoro mee ihe iji gosipụta nsụgharị nna ya nke Lamarck's Genera of Shells .  

Na 1825, ọ lụrụ John Pelly Atkins, onye na-ere ahịa London West India, onye na-azụ ahịa sheriff, na onye na-akwado ụgbọ okporo ígwè; N'ime otu afọ a, ọ kwagara Halstead Place, ụlọ ezinụlọ Atkins na Halstead, na nso Sevenoaks, Kent.Halstead Parish Council. "Parish history: Anna Atkins". Retrieved 11 August 2009. Ha enweghị ụmụ. Atkins gbasoro mmasị ya na botany site na ịnakọta osisi kpọrọ nkụ, nke nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka foto mgbe e mesịrị. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu London Botanical Society na 1839.

 Foto 
John George Children na John Pelly Atkins bụ enyi William Henry Fox Talbot. Anna Atkins mụtara kpọmkwem site na Talbot banyere abụọ n'ime ihe ndị o mepụtara metụtara foto: usoro "photogenic drawing" (nke a na-etinye ihe na akwụkwọ na-emetụta ìhè ma kpughee ya n'anyanwụ iji mepụta onyinyo).

A maara Atkins dị ka onye nwere ike ịnweta igwefoto site na 1841.  Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na Atkins bụ nwanyị mbụ na-ese foto, James, Christopher (2009). The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4180-7372-5. Retrieved 11 August 2009. "Seeing is believing. 700 years of scientific and medical illustration. Photography. Cyanotype photograph. Anna Atkins (1799–1871)". New York Public Library. 23 October 1999. Retrieved 11 August 2009.  ebe ndị ọzọ na-ekwu maka aha a bụ Constance Fox Talbot. [4] Clarke, Graham (1997). The Photograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-284248-X. Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị foto ndị dabeere na igwefoto nke Anna Atkins,  ma ọ bụ foto nke Constance Talbot,  nwere ike ọ gaghị edozi nsogbu ahụ.

 Foto nke British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|foto cyanotype nke Atkins mere nke bụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1843, Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype ImpressionsFoto nke British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions
Sir John Herschel, enyi nke Atkins na Children, chepụtara usoro foto cyanotype na 1842..  N'ime otu afọ, Atkins tinyere usoro ahụ na algae (karịsịa, seaweed) site n'ime foto cyanotype nke e bipụtara  "site na itinye algae a na-etinyeghị n'elu akwụkwọ cyanotype". Atkins, Anna; Schaaf, Larry J.; Kraus, Hans P. Jr. (1985). Sun Gardens: Victorian photograms. New York: Aperture. ISBN 0-89381-203-X.
Atkins bipụtara foto ya n'onwe ya na nke mbụ nke Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions na Ọktoba 1843. Parr, Martin; Badger, Gerry (2004). The Photobook: a history. Vol. 1. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-4285-0. O mere atụmatụ inye ihe atụ nye William Henry Harvey's A Manual of British Algae nke e bipụtara na 1841. Ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara ya na nzuzo, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mbipụta, yana ederede ejiri aka dee, Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions ka a na-ewere dị ka akwụkwọ mbụ ejiri ihe onyonyo eserese gosi.  

Mgbe ọnwa asatọ gachara, na June 1844, a tọhapụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke William Henry Fox Talbot's The Pencil of Nature; akwụkwọ ahụ bụ "akwụkwọ mbụ e sere foto nke e bipụtara n'ahịa"  ma ọ bụ "akwụkwọ izizi e bipụtara na ahịa nke e sere foto". 

Atkins mepụtara ngụkọta nke mpịakọta atọ nke Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions n'etiti 1843 na 1853.  Naanị mbipụta iri na asaa nke akwụkwọ ahụ ka a maara na ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke izu ezu. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-ejide mbipụta ugbu a, n'etiti ndị ọzọ:Ware, Mike (1999). Cyanotype: the future, science and art of photographic printing in Prussian blue. National Museum of Photography, Film & Television.

 British Library, London, nke na-enye nyocha nke peeji 429 nke mbipụta ya (nke nwere mpempe akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ) n'ịntanetị. O gosipụtara mpịakọta ndị a na British Museum site na J. E. Gray n'etiti afọ 1843 na 1853. 
 Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, Scotland. 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
 New York Public Library,  nke na-enye nyocha nke peeji 285 nke mbipụta ya n'ịntanetị. 
 The Royal Society, London, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ naanị akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka Atkins bu n'obi.  
 Victoria na Albert Museum, London, nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ mbụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ha.
 The Linnean Society of London,  nke akwụkwọ ya enweghị akụkụ nke 7 nke Mpịakọta 1.
 Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie na Ogige Horniman nwere akwụkwọ zuru ezu nke nwere peeji 14 nke ederede na efere 443. O nyere efere ndị ọzọ nwere ihe oyiyi nke otu ụdị ahụ mgbe ọ chọtara ihe atụ ka mma, a na-ejigidekwa ihe ndị a na mbipụta a.. Horniman Museum and Gardens. Archived from  on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
 Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. 
 Mahadum Montreal, Montreal 

Otu akwụkwọ nke nwere efere 411 na mpịakọta atọ rere maka £ 133,500 na ire ere na 1996. "Rare book by woman pioneer goes to auction". The Guardian (London). 19 June 1996. Otu akwụkwọ ọzọ nwere mbipụta 382 na mpịakọta abụọ nke onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Robert Hunt (1807-1887)  rere maka £ 229,250 na ire ere na 2004."Anna Atkins (1799–1871), Photographs of British Algæ. Cyanotype Impressions., Robert Hunt's copy". Christie's Inc. 19 May 2004. Retrieved 13 August 2009.

N'afọ 2018, Ọbá Akwụkwọ Ọha na New York meghere ihe ngosi banyere ndụ na ọrụ Atkins, na-egosi nsụgharị dị iche iche nke Photographs of British Algae . 

 Ndụ na ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cyanotype photogram nke Wood Horsetail site na akwụkwọ 1853 Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns nke Atkins na Dixon
Na mgbakwunye na Photographs of British Algae, Atkins bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ise n'etiti 1852 na 1863. Ndị a gụnyere The Perils of Fashion, Murder will Out: akụkọ nke ndụ n'ezie, na A Page from the Peerage.

N'afọ 1850, Atkins so Anne Dixon (1799-1864), onye "dị ka nwanne nwanyị" ya rụkọọ ọrụ, iji mepụta ọ dịkarịa ala abọm ngosi atọ nke foto cyanotype: 

 Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns (1853), ugbu a na J. Paul Getty Museum;
 Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Flowering Plants and Ferns (1854), nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ndị nchịkọta dị iche iche nwere peeji nke ya.
 Otu abọm e dere maka "Captain Henry Dixon," nwa nwanne Anne Dixon (1861).

Atkins jigidere algae, ferns na osisi ndị ọzọ o jiri rụọ ọrụ ya na 1865 nyere onyinye ahụ n'aka British Museum..

Ọ nwụrụ na Halstead Place na 1871 site na "paralysis, rheumatism, na ike ọgwụgwụ" mgbe ọ dị afọ 72. 

 N'omenala a ma ama 
N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, ihe nchọgharị ịntanetị Google mere emume nchọgharị afọ 216 nke Atkins site na itinye ihe oyiyi Google Doodle nke ọdịdị akwụkwọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'azụ gbara ọchịchịrị na ibe ọchụchọ ya iji nọchite anya ọrụ cyanoprint ya.

Ọrụ Atkins bụ isi ihe na New Realities Photography na ngosi nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke emere na Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, June - September 2017.

 Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara 








 Hụkwa 

 Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

 Edemsibia 


 Atkins, Anna; Rolf Sachsse, na Marion Blomeyer (2021) Anna Atkins: Blue Prints. Nke Russell Stockman sụgharịrị. Munich: Hirmer. ISBN 9783777438283  
 Gerhard Bissell, Atkins, Anna, na: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (Ndị na-ese ihe nke Ụwa), Suppl. I, Saur, Munich 2005, site na peeji nke 514 (n'asụsụ German). 



 Njikọ mpụga 





 Scans nke Photographs nke British algae: cyanotype impressions na New York Public Library (public domain). E nwetara ya na 6 Jenụwarị 2016.
 Ihe Nchịkọta Anna Atkins  na Victoria na Albert MuseumEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Victoria na Albert

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations