Charles Edward Moss

Charles Edward Moss (February 7, 1870 Hyde, Cheshire - November 11, 1930 Johannesburg), bụ onye Bekee na-amụ ihe ọkụkụ na South Africa, nwa nwoke nke kacha nta nke onye ụkọchukwu na-anaghị akwado ụkpụrụ ya, a makwaara ya maka ịbụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akụkụ abụọ mbụ nke The Cambridge British Flora nke e bipụtara na 1914 na 1920. E bu n'obi na Cambridge British Flora, n'okpuru onye nchịkọta akụkọ Moss, ga-abụ nyocha mpịakọta iri nke osisi Britain, ya na onyinye sitere n'aka ndị ọkachamara n'ọtụtụ ụdị. Mpịakọta abụọ ahụ hụrụ mbipụta ahụ dị oke elu, mana e mechara hapụ ọrụ ahụ.

 Agụmakwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata 
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Moss zụlitere mmasị na botany na 1893 mgbe, na-agbake site na abscess akpa ume, a dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ gaa ogologo njem n'èzí. Ihe ndị a mere n'elu ala ahịhịa Halifax, mgbe ụfọdụ na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke Halifax Scientific Society, otu ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ọ debanyere aha dị ka Queen's Scholar, na Yorkshire College, Leeds na 1895, nke n'oge ahụ ka bụ akụkụ nke Mahadum Victoria, Leeds, ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ oge nke Halifax Naturalist, na-ebipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ botanical nke ya. 1898 hụrụ ya ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Fairweather Green School, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-ejikọta na Yorkshire College site n'inyere William Gardner Smith (1866-1928) aka na eserese ahịhịa nke West Riding. N'afọ 1901, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi na Sexey's School na Bruton, ebe ọ malitere ịmụ ahịhịa nke mpaghara ahụ. 1902 hụrụ ya na-akụzi ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na Manchester Municipal Training College. Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Central Committee for the Survey and Study of British Vegetation nke Arthur Tansley na Smith malitere na 1904, na-enye onyinye bara uru.

Na 1907, Moss natara akara ugo mmụta doctorate ya na Mahadum Manchester na onyinye azụ site n'aka Royal Geographical Society maka akụkọ gbasara ahịhịa nke Pennines nke o mere n'oge ezumike ya. Ọ malitere ọrụ dịka Onye Nlekọta nke Herbarium na Mahadum Cambridge na Jenụwarị 1908. Nke a bụ ebe mmasị ya tụgharịrị gaa na taxonomy. Na Cambridge, ọ na-edu njem mmụta ubi ma na-akụzi okwu, a na-akọwa okwu ya dị ka "ọ bụghị ihe mara mma ... mana juputara na nghọta na nkà ihe ọmụma". O teghị aka tupu ọ chepụta echiche nke ide 'Flora nwa akwụkwọ' ọhụrụ nke British Islands.

 Edward Walter Hunnybun 
Edward Walter Hunnybun (1848-1918), onye ọka iwu Huntingdon na onye na-ese ihe ọkụkụ, kpebiri ịmalite ọrụ na-egosi ụdị osisi niile nke Britain. Ọ bụghị onye ọkachamara na-ahụ maka taxonomist, mana ndị ndụmọdụ ya na-akwado ya nke ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na ndị na-anakọta ihe mere ka o doo anya na ọ na-anọchite anya ma mara ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi. O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-emepụta mpịakọta nke ihe osise ahụ, ihe o yikarịrị site na ngosi nke ụfọdụ ihe osise ya na Linnean Society. Ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere nnukwu uru nka, George Claridge Druce (onye ibe Moss na Oxford) katọrọ ha maka enweghị nkọwa zuru oke na sayensị. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1909, e nyere ihe osise ahụ na Mahadum Botany School nke Cambridge ma bụrụ nke Moss, onye na-ekwenyeghị na Druce banyere ogo nke ọrụ Hunnybun ma na-agbagha ịmepụta osisi nwa akwụkwọ dabere na ihe oyiyi ahụ, echiche nke mesịrị ghọọ echiche siri ike nke ịmepụta Flora nke British Isles. Moss nwetara nkwado na nkwado ego maka ọrụ ahụ site na Cambridge University Press wee malite ịnakọta onyinye site n'aka ndị ọkachamara dị iche iche. Omume ya siri ike na ụkpụrụ dị elu, nke dugara n'ịjụ ụfọdụ ihe odide, mere ka ọtụtụ ndị merụọ ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 1912, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-enye Moss naanị ikike ide akwụkwọ maka ọrụ ahụ. Na Machị 1912 nzukọ nke ndị nwere ike inye aka na British Museum (Natural History) hapụrụ Moss n'ọrụ siri ike, a na-eto ya maka "echiche doro anya ya na ikike botanical", ma hapụ Druce na-enweghị obi ụtọ na-eme mkpesa banyere "Germanising our flora" n'ihi atụmatụ iji Engler System maka Flora a tụrụ aro. Moss nwere nnukwu ọhụụ banyere ọdịdị nke Flora, na-ezube ịgụnye ọ bụghị naanị nkọwa, map na foto, kamakwa efere Hunnybun. Echiche ya kwụsịrị na esemokwu ya na ndị nta akụkọ, nke mere na n'afọ 1913 arụmụka bilitere ma efere kwesịrị ịmekọrịta na ederede ma ọ bụ bipụta ya iche. Albert Seward, Prọfesọ nke Botany na Cambridge na Syndic na Press, kwadoro Moss, mana ha abụọ mechara nabata mmasị ndị Press.

 Mpịakọta nke Abụọ 
Na 1914 Mpịakọta nke Abụọ (Salicaceae to Chenopodiaceae) bụ nke mbụ e bipụtara. N'okwu mmeghe Moss kọwara aha na nhazi o ji mee ihe. N'agbanyeghị  tụgharịrị gaa na botany naanị afọ isii tupu mgbe ahụ, Moss gosipụtara nghọta dị ịrịba ama nke akwụkwọ nke oge ahụ, ọkachasị mgbe a na-eburu n'uche na edere akụkụ dị ukwuu na German. O leghaara aro 1905 nke Vienna International Botanical Congress anya  na iji mkpụrụedemede mbido dị ala maka aha niile a kapịrị ọnụ (dịka Hieracium Leyi, ọ bụghị Hieracium Leyi) - ụzọ Moss mesịrị ghọọ omume dị mma ebe ọ bụ na ọ mere ka mgbakọ dị mgbagwoju anya dị mfe. E toro ederede ahụ n'ọtụtụ ebe, ebe ihe osise ahụ batara maka ọtụtụ nkatọ. Usoro mmepụta eji eme ihe emeghị ka ọ dị mma na ihe osise Hunnybun mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime obere ihe osise ya furu efu mgbe ụfọdụ na nha peeji nke 36 site na 26 sentimita (14 in ×  in).

N'ihi nzukọ emere na Jenụwarị 12, 1915, ndị nta akụkọ, n'okpuru nsogbu ego n'ihi Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ji aka ha kwụsị ibipụta akwụkwọ Flora ndị ọzọ, nke e mere atụmatụ na mbụ dị ka mbipụta kwa afọ. A na-atakwa Moss ụta maka obere ihe ma na-eche ikpe maka mmefu ndị e mere site n'ịmepụta efere nnọchi maka ndị ọ jụrụ dị ka ndị na-ezughị ezu. Iji mee ka okwu ahụ ka njọ, ọbụna ụgwọ ọnwa ndị ọzọ nke ndị nkuzi niile na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Botany belatara site na 10%. Moss chọrọ itinye aka na mbọ agha ahụ, o mekwara nke a site n'ịzụ ndị ọrụ na-azụ ndị ọrụ na Ngalaba Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọrụ wee mechaa rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe agha.

 Ịkwaga South Africa 
Ndụ onwe onye Moss ruru ala ọzọ na 1916 site na mgbasa nke alụmdi na nwunye ya. Ihe ihere nke ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi nwunye ya kpaliri ọha mmadụ Cambridge. Oriakụ Wedgwood, enyi ezinụlọ ahụ, dere "ọ na-esiri anyị ike itinye onwe anyị n'ọnọdụ [Moss'] ya - Oriakụ Moss ghọgburu m kpamkpam, o nweghị akara nke onye na-eduhie ya". N'ịbụ onye nwere nnukwu nrụgide, Moss na nwa ya nwanyị Beatrice hapụrụ Balmoral Castle maka South Africa na 1917, ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ọhụrụ nke Prọfesọ nke Botany na South African School of Mines and Technology na Johannesburg. N'ebe a, o tinyere onwe ya n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara osisi Transvaal ma tọọ ntọala maka herbarium nke Mahadum Witwatersrand, nke e mechara kpọọ Moss Herbarium iji sọpụrụ ya.

 Mpịakọta nke Atọ 
Moss họpụtara otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya, A. J. Wilmott, ka ọ lekọta Mpịakọta nke Atọ site na mbipụta ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọ na South Africa ugbu a, ọ ka na-eche na ọ na-etinye aka na ọrụ ahụ ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi na-akọwa nkọwa ndị a ga-ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1918, akwụkwọ ozi ya gosiri na ọ na-atụle ịlaghachi Cambridge. Akwụkwọ ozi Seward dere gosipụtara iwe megide echiche a, n'ihi na Moss mebiri nkwekọrịta ya. Seward nwekwara obi abụọ banyere ịdị irè nke usoro ahụ. E bipụtara Mpịakọta nke Atọ na 1920, Wilmott hụrụ ọrụ ahụ ka ukwuu karịa ka ọ tụrụ anya ya. Ọnụ ego ya nke £ 6 lSs 0d [nkọwa achọrọ] bụ okpukpu atọ karịa nke mpịakọta nke abụọ, ebe ego a na-emefu maka mpịakọ ọ bụla fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu anọ. N'ime mmeghe ahụ, a katọrọ James Britten na-esote ọdịiche dị ogologo oge n'etiti ha na nomenclature. 

N'afọ 1921, Moss lụrụ onye ọrụ ibe ya na Mahadum Witwatersrand, o mechara bụrụ onye isi ngalaba ahụ, ma mesie ike njikọ ya na ndụ ọhụrụ ya.

 Ọpụpụ nke ọrụ 
Ka ọ na-erule 1923, ndị nta akụkọ kpebiri na ọrụ ahụ "ekwesịghị ịga n'ihu n'okpuru nkwekọrịta dị ugbu a". Moss were iwe maka mkpebi a, mana ndị nta akụkọ nọgidere na-ekwusi ike, na-ekwusiri ike na iwu siri ike ma ọ bụ hapụ ọrụ ahụ. E nyere Moss nhọrọ nke ịgbaso ihe ndị siri ike ma ọ bụ ịnakwere ụgwọ ọrụ. O mechara nabata onyinye ego nke "£ 150, gbakwunyere ego ọzọ nke £ 80 n'ihe gbasara mmefu ego, na-emefu ihe ọ bụla megide Syndics n'ihe banyere nkwekọrịta maka mbipụta nke The Cambridge British Flora".The Cambridge British Flora, Vol.2 (Cambridge, 1914)

 Mmekọrịta ya na Frank Fraser Darling 
Moss nwekwara ike ịbụ onye nwere njikọ na onye Britain na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-echekwa ihe Frank Fraser Darling. Darling amaghị nna ya, Frank Moss, nne ya zụlitere ya. Darling kwuru na ọ mụtara na C. E. Moss bụ nwanne nna ya n'ihe dị ka afọ 1964, nakwa na "ihe na-amasị m bụ nnọgidesi ike nke echiche gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ọnọdụ a emetụtaghị gburugburu ebe obibi!". 

Na 1930, (afọ Charles nwụrụ), onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi Nicholas Edward Brown bipụtara Mossia, otu ụdị osisi okooko osisi si ndịda Afrịka nke ezinụlọ Aizoaceae ma kpọọ ya aha maka nsọpụrụ Moss.The Cambridge British Flora, Vol.2 (Cambridge, 1914)

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