Emile de Laveleye

Emile Louis Victor de Laveleye (5 Eprel 1822 - 3 Jenụwarị 1892) bụ onye ọka mmụta akụ na ụba Belgium.[1][2][3]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mebere Institut de Droit International na 1873. 

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ De Lavaleye na Bruges, ma gụọ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ na Collège Stanislas na Paris, ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama n'aka Ndị Oratorians.

Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Katọlik nke Louvain ma mesịa na Ghent, ebe ọ bịara n'okpuru mmetụta nke François Huet [nl] onye ọkà ihe ọmụma na Christian Socialist. N'afọ 1844, o ritere ihe nrite site na edemede banyere asụsụ na akwụkwọ nke Provence. N'afọ 1847, o bipụtara L'Histoire des rois francs, na n'afọ 1861 nsụgharị French nke Nibelungenlied, mana ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ tụfuru mmasị ya n'akwụkwọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọrụ ya kachasị mkpa bụ na ngalaba akụ na ụba.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime otu ndị ọka iwu na-eto eto na ndị nkatọ, ụmụ akwụkwọ ochie niile nke Huet, ndị na-ezukọ otu ugboro n'izu iji kwurịta ajụjụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba ma si otú a mee ka o bipụta echiche ya na isiokwu ndị a. Na 1859 ụfọdụ akụkọ o dere na Revue des deux mondes tọrọ ntọala aha ya dị ka ọkà mmụta akụ̀ na ụba.  Na 1864, a họpụtara ya ịbụ onye isi oche akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum steeti Liège.  N'ebe a, o dere ọrụ ya kacha mkpa:

 Russia na Austria site na Sadowa, 1870.
 Essai sur les Formes de Gouvernement dans les Sociétés Modernes, 1872.
 Ihe kpatara Agha na Europe na Arbitration, 1874.
 De la Proprieté et de ses Formes Primitives, 1874 (nke a raara nye ncheta nke John Stuart Mill na François Huet) 

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
Ọ nwụrụ na Doyon Castle (nke dị ugbu a Havelange), na nso Liège na 3 Jenụarị 1892. 

Ọrụ Laveleye gụnyere ngalaba niile nke sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị، ajụjụ ego, iwu mba ụwa, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba ọzọ na Belgium, ajụjụ agụmakwụkwọ, okpukpe na omume, njem na akwụkwọ. O nwere nkà nke ịkwalite ọbụna isiokwu ndị kachasị mma, n'ihi nghọta doro anya nke echiche ya na nghọta siri ike nke okwu ahụ n'aka ya. Ọ masịrị ya karịsịa n'England, bụ́ ebe o chere na ya hụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ya nke ọganihu ọha, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke okpukpe mezuru.  Ọ bụ onye na-enye aka ugboro ugboro na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee na nyocha nyocha.  Ọrụ ya kacha ekesa nke ọma bụ akwụkwọ nta dị na Le Parti clérical en Belgique, bụ́ nke e kesaworo 2,000,000 n'ime ya n'asụsụ iri ka ọ na-erule ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20.

 Ọrụ na nsụgharị Bekee 


 Protestantism na Katọlik na Bearing on the Liberty and Prosperity of Nations. Toronto: Belford Bros., 1876.

 Omume Ọhụrụ nke Akụ na Ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. New York: The Banker's Magazine and Statistical Register, 1879.
 International Bimetallism na Agha nke Standard. London: P.S. King, 1881.

 A na-achịkwa Vice na Mmekọrịta Omume. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 Akụkụ nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1886.
 Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Ịtali. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1886.
 Ọchịchị Ọchịchị nke Taa. London: Field na Tuer, 1886.

 Ihe okomoko. London: George Allen & Company, 1920.

 Isiokwu ndị a họọrọ 

 "Land System of Belgium and Holland." Na: Usoro nke ala na mba dị iche iche. London: Macmillan & Co., 1870.
 "Ọdịnihu nke France," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 "Na ihe kpatara agha, na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha belata". Na: Cobden Club Essays. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1872.
 "The Clerical Party in Belgium," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 "Ihe kpatara Agha na Ọnọdụ Europe dị ugbu a," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 "The Provincial and Communal Institutions of Belgium and Holland. " Na: Gọọmentị Obodo na Ụtụ Isi. London: Cassell Petter & Galpin, 1875.
 "Commonplace Fallacies Concerning Money," Nkebi nke Abụọ, The Contemporary Review, Vol. XL, July/December 1881.
 "The Progress of Socialism," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLIII, Jenụwarị/Junị 1883.
 "The "Congo Neutralized,"," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLIII, Jenụwarị/Junị 1883.
 "The Prospects of the Republic in France," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLIV, December 1883.
 "Würzburg na Vienna," Akụkụ nke Abụọ, The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLVI, November/December 1884.
 "A Criticism of Mr. Herbert Spencer," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLVII, Jenụwarị/Junị 1885.
 "Pessimism on the Stage," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLVIII, July/December 1885.
 "The Economic Crisis and its Causes," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XLIX, Jenụwarị/Junị 1886.

 "Gọọmentị Obodo na Popu," The Forum, Vol. V, Eprel 1888.
 "Ọdịnihu nke Okpukpe," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LIV, July/December 1888.
 "Ihe ize ndụ nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya," The Forum, Vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 "Two New Utopias," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LVII, Jenụwarị/June 1890.
 "Communism," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LVII, Jenụwarị/June 1890.
 "The Division of Africa," The Forum, Vol. X, 1891.
 "The Foreign Policy of Italy," The Contemporary Review, Vol. LXI, February 1892.

 Ihe edeturu 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ọrụ site ma ọ bụ banyereEmile Louis Victor de LaveleyenaEbe e si nweta ya
 Mgbasa ozi metụtaraEmile de Laveleyena Wikimedia Commons
 Works by Emile de LaveleyenaỌrụ Gutenberg
 Works by or about Émile de LaveleyenaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet