Natan'el al-Fayyumi

Natanʾel al-Fayyumi (Arabic: ناتانئيل الفيومي, romanized: Nātānʾil al-Fayyūmī, lit. 'Nathaniel of Pithom'; c. 1090 – c. 1165) bụ onye Juu Yemen nke narị afọ nke iri na abụọ dere akwụkwọ bụ́ Garden of the Intellects (גן השכלים). Ọ bụ ihe nlereanya nke akwụkwọ Bahya ibn Paquda bụ́ Duties of the Heart nke al-Fayyumi dere n'asụsụ Arabic nke oge ochie nke Judeo-Yemeni iji megide ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nke okpukpe ndị Juu nke ndị Rabbinic nke Ibn Paquda kwupụtara. O dere n'isi nke atọ na ịdị n'otu Chineke karịrị nke ibn Paquda kọwara.

Marc B. Shapiro dere na ọrụ al-Fayyumi na-akwado echiche dị iche iche nke Jonathan Sacks banyere okpukpe.  Dị ka Ismaʿili Islam, okwukwe nke usoro ndị eze Banu Hamdan na-achị ọtụtụ n'ime South Arabia nke oge a, Natanʾel kwuru na Chineke zitere ndị amụma dị iche iche na ndị dị iche iche n'ụwa, nke ọ bụla nwere iwu dabara na otu àgwà nke mba ọ bụla. Onye ọ bụla kwesịrị ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye okpukpe nke ya; a gbanwere ozizi zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnọdụ na ahụmịhe nke obodo ọ bụla.

Otú ọ dị, nkwenye doro anya nke al-Fayyumi banyere ọnọdụ Muhammad dị ka onye amụma nwere ike ịbụ ihe pụrụ iche, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a maghị ya ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya karịa obodo ya bụ Yemen. Josef Qafih, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye ntụgharị nke Fayyumi's Judeo-Arabic Bustān al-ʿUqul, na-ekwusi ike na n'ihi mgbalị ndị Alakụba ijide ndị Juu na-ekwu ihe megidere okwukwe ha - onye kwuru na Muhammad bụ onye amụma ụgha ga-ekpe ikpe maka ọnwụ-Nathanʾel manyere ịkụziri ndị ya arụmụka na nzaghachi nke ga-azọpụta ha pụọ n'ọgbu.

Ozizi ndị Alakụba na-ekwu maka usoro evolushọn nke mkpughe amụma, na-agwụ na oge Mesaịa Qa'im Al Muhammad, nke ga-ejikọ ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ niile n'ịnakwere Chineke. Ozizi Ismaili kwetara na otu eziokwu okpukpe zuru ụwa ọnụ dị na mgbọrọgwụ nke okpukpe dị iche iche. Mkpughe akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ n'ịkwadebe ụzọ maka eziokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ ahụ.

N'ime otu ọgbọ, a manyere nwa Natan'el bụ Jacob ịgakwuru Maimonides, na-arịọ maka ndụmọdụ ngwa ngwa maka otu esi emeso mkpagbu okpukpe ọhụrụ na ntọghata a manyere ndị Juu nke Yemen, mgbanwe nke kpaliri Maimonides ide akwụkwọ ozi ya a ma ama na Yemen. Akwụkwọ ozi na mkparịta ụka ọgụgụ isi n'etiti Jacob, Maimonides, na Saladin nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na okpukpe ndị Juu nke Yemen.

 Okwu mmalite 
E nwere esemokwu n'etiti Josef Qafih na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Yehuda Ratzaby banyere mmalite nke nisba al-Fayyūmī. Dị ka Ratzaby si kwuo, ọ bụ aha mmụọ ọjọọ sitere na aha nna nna ya, Faiyum na Ijipt. Qafih, onye na-emegide, chere na aha ahụ bụ naanị aha e nyere nna Natan'el, onye akpọrọ "Fayyumi," aha a na-akpọ ọtụtụ ụmụaka na Yemen n'ihi ịhụnanya ndị mmadụ nwere maka Saadia Gaon al-Fayyumi.

 Hụkwa 

 Echiche ndị Juu banyere Muhammad
 Mmekọrịta Alakụba na ndị Juu
 Okpukpe dị iche iche

 Edemsibia