Abraham Ben Yiju

Abraham Bin Yijū (Arabic) bụ onye ahịa na onye na-ede uri ndị Juu a mụrụ na Ifriqiya, nke bụ Tunisia ugbu a, ihe dị ka afọ 1100. A maara ya site na akwụkwọ ozi dị ndụ n'etiti ya na ndị ọzọ na Cairo Geniza iberibe.

 Oge ọ malitere 
Nna Abraham bụ onye rabaị aha ya bụ Peraḥyā. Ụmụ ya ndị ọzọ a maara bụ ụmụ nwoke Mubashshir na Yūsuf, nakwa nwa nwanyị ya bụ Berākhā. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-enye Abraham aha al-Mahdawī mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eche na a mụrụ ya ma ọ bụ zụlitere ya na Mahdia. : 122–23 : 122–23 

N'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ 1120, Abraham agafeela ụzọ ndị njem si Tunisia gaa Cairo, na-ebu akwụkwọ ozi mmalite site n'aka nna ya nye ndị ahịa Juu a ma ama n'obodo ahụ. Site n'aka ha, ọ chọtara ọkwa dị elu na obere mmekọrịta. O wee kwaga Aden, ebe o yiri ka ọ nwetara ndụmọdụ na mmekorita azụmaahịa nke ndị nagīd (onye nnọchiteanya isi ndị ahịa), Maḍmūn ibn al-Hasan ibn Bundār.  : 123-24 O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ ebe a ka ọ zutere ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na Aden Yūsuf Ben Abraham (onye ahịa na onye ọrụ ikpe) na onye ahịa Khalaf ibn Isḥāq, tinyere ọgọ Maḍmūn Abū-Zikrī Judah ha-Kohen Sijilmāsī na ọgọ Abū- Zikrī Maḥrūz. : 125–27 : 125–27 

 Ọrụ ya na India 
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1132, Abraham kwagara n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri azụmaahịa nke Mangalore n'ógbè India nke ndị ahịa Arab maara n'oge ahụ dị ka Malabar.. :: 127  Ihe atụ dị n'akwụkwọ ozi Maḍmūn degaara Abraham na-egosi na Abraham enweela nsogbu na eze na Aden, nakwa na ihe isi ike ndị a emeela ka ịkwaga India dị mfe.: 128–30 : 128–30 

Ihe ndekọ mbụ a pụrụ ịkọwapụta nke ndụ Abraham na India bụ akwụkwọ nnwere onwe nke na-edekọ na ọ tọhapụrụ ohu nwanyị a na-akpọ Ashu na 17 Ọktoba 1132, na akwụkwọ nke abụọ na-akwado nke a. :: 187 -86 Ka ọ na-erule 1135, e dekọrọ Maḍmūn na-eziga onyinye coral maka nwa Abraham Surūr, na-agba akaebe na Abraham nwere nwa nwoke n'oge a. Shelomo Dov Goitein kwubiri na Ashu aghọwo nwunye Abraham ma bụrụ nne Surūr. : 187 N'ụzọ ọ bụla, akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzọ na-egosi na Abraham nwere nwanne di a na-akpọ Nāīr, nke a na-eche na ọ na-egosi ndị otu ezinụlọ nwunye Abraham na obodo Nair nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ India. : 187-88 N'oge a na-enweghị ụbọchị, Abraham nwekwara nwa nwanyị, Sitt al-Dār.<: 261 : 261 

Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Maḍmūn nye Abraham na-egosi na mgbe Abraham bi na Mangalore, o nwere ohu nke jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya ya na njem ịlaghachi Aden. Aha ya dị naanị na mkpụrụedemede Hibru במת (bet, mem, taw), nke Amitav Ghosh kọwara dị ka aha Tulu Bomma, nke a na-eche na ọ malitere dị ka obere ihe nke aha chi Berme. :: 201–8 -8 E dekọrọ ya dị ka onye na-anọchite anya Abraham na Aden na 1135.  : 208-10, 212 Abraham sokwa ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ dị na South Asia nwee mmekọrịta chiri anya. : 228–29 : 228–29 

Ngwongwo Abraham zụrụ Aden gụnyere cardamom, nke nnyefe ya bụ isiokwu nke esemokwu ụfọdụ n'akwụkwọ ozi dị n'etiti Abraham na Yūsuf ibn Abraham na Khalaf ibn Isḥāq, : mkpụrụ osisi areca 226-27, ose, na ngwongwo arụpụtara dị ka mkpọchi na efere ọla. : 5-6 Ọrụ ya na Mangalore kpọgara ya n'obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke Budfattan (ma eleghị anya Baliapatam), Fandarīna (Pantalayini Kollam), Dahfattan (Dharmadam) na Jurbattan (Sreekandapuram). : 233–35 : 233–35 

N'afọ 1145, Abraham degaara Abū-Zikrī akwụkwọ ozi maka nwanne di Abū- Zikrī Maḥrūz iji mee ka Abū-Vikrī gbapụ na Gujarat, ebe ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri hapụrụ ya, gaa Malabar. : 249–50 : 249–50 

 Ịlaghachi n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa 
Afọ 1140 hụkwara Abraham na-achọ idegara ụmụnne ya Mubashshir (nke nọ na Messina, Sicily) na Yūsuf (nke nọ Mazzara, nke dị na Sicily), akwụkwọ ozi o degaara ha nke 11 Septemba 1149 na-egosi na ọ laghachiri Aden. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ gosipụtara ọchịchọ ya ijikọ ezinụlọ ya na Aden, iji akụ na ụba ya mee ka ihe isi ike ha dịkwuo mma, na ịlụ nwa ya nwoke na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanne ya nwanyị. : 250-51 Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ rutere Mubashshir, onye na-egosighị ya Yūsuf, mana ọ gara Aden, ebe ọ gara n'ihu ịghọgbu Abraham, n'okwu Abraham, 'otu puku dinar'. : 260-61 N'oge a, nwa Abraham Surūr nwụrụ ma Abraham kwagara n'ime ala na Dhū Jibla, na-aghọ onye isi na obodo ahụ ma hapụ nwa ya nwanyị Sitt na Aden na Khalaf ibn Isḥāq. : 261–62 : 261–62 

Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, Khalaf rịọrọ Abraham ka Sitt lụọ otu n'ime ụmụ Khalaf, mana Abraham jụrụ, soro ya kwaga Ijipt, kama o degaara nwanne ya nwoke Yūsuf akwụkwọ na-arịọ ka o nye Sitt otu n' cikin ụmụ ya nwoke ma ọ bụ nwa nwanne ha nwanyị Berākhā ka ọ lụọ ya. : 263-64 O yiri ka Bomma sooro Abraham site na India gaa Cairo, ebe Abraham dere na o ji Bomma ego n'ihe ndekọ ya. : 292 : 292 

Nwa nwoke nke okenye Yūsuf, Surūr, gbara ọsọ gaa Ijipt ịlụ di na nwunye. : 270-71 Nwanne Surūr nke obere aha ya bụ Moshe sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya; ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri tọọrọ ya ma kpọga ya Taịra mana a tọhapụrụ ya wee zute nwanne ya nwoke n'Ijipt. : 271-72 Surūr lụrụ Sitt na Fustat na 1156. Ụmụnne abụọ ahụ gara n'ihu bụrụ ndị ọkàikpe n'ụlọ ikpe ndị rabaị n'Ijipt. : 272–73 : 272–73 

Ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere ndụ Abraham Ben Yijū mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. : 273 : 273 

 Ọrụ 
Abụ Abraham gụnyere abụ otuto banyere ọnwụ Maḍmūn ibn al-Hasan ibn Bundār na 1151.  : 262 : 262 

 Ọdịdị ya n'akwụkwọ nke oge a 
Akụkụ dị mkpa nke akwụkwọ In an Antique Land nke onye edemede India bụ́ Amitav Ghosh dere bụ maka Abraham Ben Yiju, na ndị ohu ya bụ́ Ashu na Bomma, akụkọ ifo nke na-agbaso eziokwu ndị a maara site n'akwụkwọ ozi ndị dị ndụ.

 Ebe ndị bụ isi e si nweta ya 
Ihe odide ndị na-agba akaebe banyere ndụ Abraham gụnyere: : 335-36: 335–36 

 Jerusalem, National na University Library, MS H.6
 Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter 12.235
 T-S 12,337
 T-S 16.288
 T-S 20.130
 T-S 20.137
 T-S N.S. J 1
 T-S N.S. J 5
 T-S N.S. J 10
 T-S K 25.252
 T-S MS Ma ọ bụ. 1080 J 95
 T-S MS Ma ọ bụ. 1080 J 263
 T-S MS Ma ọ bụ. 1081 J 3
 T-S Misc. Igbe. 25, iberibe. 103
 T-S 6 J 4, fol. 14
 T-S 8 J 7, fol. 23
 T-S 8 J 36, fol. 3
 T-S 10 J 9, fol. 24
 T-S 10 J 10, fol 15
 T-S 10 J 12, fol. 5
 T-S 10 J 13, fol. 6
 T-S 13 J 7, fol. 13
 T-S 13 J 7, fol. 27
 T-S 13 J 0, fol. 7
 T-S 13 J 24, fol. 2
 T-S 18 J 2, fol. 7
 T-S 18 J 4, fol. 18
 T-S 18 J 5, fol. 1
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 15
 Ọkpụkpụ. Nkwado. MS Hebr. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 61
 Ọkpụkpụ. Nkwado. MS Hebr. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 139

 Edemsibia 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Elizabeth A. Lambourn, Abraham's Luggage: A Social Life of Things in the Medieval Indian Ocean World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018),  . 

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations