Opioid riri ahụ na West Africa

N'afọ 2023, ndị ọchịchị na-achịkwa ọgwụ ọjọọ n'Africa mejupụtara ọkara nke ọgwụ opioids zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọkachasị tramadol. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke iji tramadol eme ihe na ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè na Ghana, Togo, Nigeria na Benin.  Na West Africa, opiates na-ewu ewu karịsịa n'etiti ndị na-eto eto, karịsịa ụmụ okorobịa, na n'etiti mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ aka na ọrụ ndị ọrụ.

 Site na mba 

 Naịjirịa 
N'afọ 2024, opioids bụ isi ihe na-akpata oke ọgwụ na Naịjirịa. N'afọ 2024, opioids dị ka tramadol na codeine dị n'ọtụtụ ebe na Naịjirịa.Alare, Kehinde; Muili, Abdulbasit (October 19, 2024). "The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions". The Lancet. 404 (10462). Retrieved 27 April 2025. Opiates ndị ọzọ dịnụ gụnyere pentazocin na morphine.  Opiate na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, ma n'obodo ukwu ma n'ime ime obodo. N'obodo ụfọdụ, a na-ejikarị opioid eme ihe, a na'ahụkwa ya dị ka ụzọ a na-adịghị emebi emebi iji dozie nrụgide onwe onye.

N’afọ **2024**, e nwere obere ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa iwu lekwasịrị anya karị n’ịkụpụta iji ọgwụ eme mpụ, kama igbochi ma ọ bụ igbutu ụzọ e si ebugharị na ikesa ọgwụ ndị ahụ.Alare, Kehinde; Muili, Abdulbasit (October 19, 2024). "The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions". The Lancet. 404 (10462). Retrieved 27 April 2025.

Na nzaghachi, gọọmentị Naijiria enyewo National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) ọrụ iji dozie nsogbu opiate.  A na-ejide ọgwụ ọjọọ, a na-ejikwa ndị ọrụ. A na-eme mkpọsa mmata ọha na eze banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ọgwụ ọjọọ.  A machibidoro ahịa ọgwụ na-emeghe, ebe ụlọ ahịa na ụlọ ahịa na-ere ọgwụ n'oge gara aga n'enweghị iwu ọ bụla. A machibidoro mmepụta na ire codeine n'ógbè ahụ na-enweghị ọgwụ.Oladapo, Rasaq; Oladapo, Mariam. "Combating opioid misuse in Nigeria: A comprehensive strategy for public health and social stability". Society for the Study of Addiction. Retrieved 27 April 2025.

 Ghana 
N’afọ **2021**, e chere na n’etiti pasent **24.9% na 77.6%** nke ndị ntorobịa Ghana na-eji **tramadol** eme ihe ntụrụndụ.Alhassan, Jacob (December 2022). ""Here in Ghana hard work don't deserve money": The uncertainty and precarity of youth who use tramadol". SSM - Qualitative Research in Health. Retrieved 27 April 2025. Ụmụ nwoke ji ọgwụ ahụ karịrị ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ndị nwoke na-arụ ọrụ n’akụkụ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmenti (informal sector)..

Na mgbasa ozi Ghana, a na-etinye ndị na-eto eto na tramadol n'ụzọ omume ọma, kama ịbụ nsogbu ahụike.Alhassan, Jacob (December 2022). ""Here in Ghana hard work don't deserve money": The uncertainty and precarity of youth who use tramadol". SSM - Qualitative Research in Health. Retrieved 27 April 2025. Ihe ndị dị n'etiti ndị Ghanian nke nwere ike imetụta iji Tramadol eme ihe, gụnyere ọnọdụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, nchegbu na ejighị n'aka nke ọrụ.

E nwere ndị na-eji tramadol eme ihe ntụrụndụ n'etiti ndị nọ na Ghana. E nwere "iji ọrụ eme ihe" kwa ụbọchị n'etiti ndị na-arụ ọrụ siri ike. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke iji tramadol eme ihe n'etiti ndị na-enweghị ọrụ.Alhassan, Jacob (December 2022). ""Here in Ghana hard work don't deserve money": The uncertainty and precarity of youth who use tramadol". SSM - Qualitative Research in Health. Retrieved 27 April 2025.

Ihe kpatara iji tramadol, gụnyere ịkwalite ọnọdụ uche, enyemaka nrụgide, ntachi obi n'ọrụ, yana dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmekọahụ dịkwuo mma. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eji tramadol eme ihe kọrọ na ndị were ha n'ọrụ na-amanye ha ịṅụ ọgwụ ahụ, ka ha wee nwee ike ịrụsi ọrụ ike, na ogologo oge.

 Liberia 
"Kush”** bụ ọgwụ emegharịrị (synthetic drug) a na-ere na Liberia n’ụdị obere mkpụrụ (pellet), maka **100 dollar Liberia** kwa otu pellet n’afọ **2023**, nke hà yiri **sen 50 US Ọ bụ otu "Kush" ahụ dị na Sierra Leone.N’afọ **2024**, ule e mere na Kush dị na **Sierra Leone** na **Guinea-Bissau** gosiri na o nwere **cannabis**, e jikọtara ya na ihe sitere na **nitazene**, **tramadol**, na **formaldehyde**. Na Sierra Leone na 2024, 83% nke samples Kush nwere Nitazenes, nke bụ opiates siri ike.
Na  Guinea n’afọ 2024, *55%* nke ihe nlele ahụ nwere **nitazenes**.

 Ivory Coast 
 N’afọ 2025, tapentadol bụ ọgwụ opioid a na-enweta na Ivory Coast. [1] N’ime Ivory Coast, ọgwụ a dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe inweta n’ebe niile. [1] N’afọ 2025, nnyocha BBC World News chọpụtara na a na-enweta tapentadol a na-ere na Ivory Coast site n’aka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ (pharmaceutical manufacturers) dị na India.

Otu akara jikọtara ọnụ a na-ere na Ivory Coast, bụ "Tramaking".Jeannin, Marine (September 22, 2023). "In Côte d'Ivoire, the hunt for 'gaddafi,' the latest hype drug for young people". Le Monde. Retrieved 28 April 2025. A na-emepụta ya na India, ma nwee tapentadol na carisoprodol. Carisoprodol bụ ihe na-eme ka uru ahụ dị jụụ. Ọgwụ abụọ ahụ jikọtara ọnụ, opiate na muscle relaxant, nwere ike ịkpata nkụchi na ọnwụ. N'ógbè, a na-akpọ ya "apụl", ma ọ bụ "225".

N'afọ 2023, otu abụ kwalitere ụdị tramadol, nke a na-akpọ "kadhafi". N'ịbụ nke e mere maka ndị na-eto eto, okwu abụ ahụ kwughachiri ahịrịokwu ahụ bụ "Achọrọ m ịba elu na kadhafi". Kadhafi na-efu n'etiti 200 na 500 CFA francs, n'etiti € 0.30 na € 0.76 euro, kwa mbadamba.  N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2023, ndị uwe ojii Ivory Coast malitere mkpọsa megide ọgwụ ọjọọ.  N'otu mwakpo naanị, e jidere 927 kilogram nke mbadamba.Jeannin, Marine (September 22, 2023). "In Côte d'Ivoire, the hunt for 'gaddafi,' the latest hype drug for young people". Le Monde. Retrieved 28 April 2025.

 Sierra Leone 
"Kush" bụ ọgwụ aka mere nke jupụtara na Sierra Leone, nke nwere opioids aka mere n'ụdị Nitazenes, na / ma ọ bụ cannabinoids aka mere. A na-enye iwu kemịkal site na China wee gwakọta ya na ụlọ nyocha dị na isi obodo Sierra Leone bụ Freetown. A na-awụsa mmiri ahụ n'elu ihe ọkụkụ, ka a na-ese ya ma ree ya dị ka kush.

Opioids sintetịk na cannabinoids** dị n’ime ọgwụ ndị a na-eme ka mmadụ nọrọ na ha ngwa ngwa (highly addictive)..McMakin, Wilson (February 26, 2025). "The main ingredients in Sierra Leone's kush are synthetic opioids and cannabinoids, report finds". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 April 2025. ra Mgbasa nke **Kush** akwalitela mmebi omume (corruption) n’ime ndị uweojii na Sierra Leone. [1] A na-akpọ ebe a na. A na-akpọ ebe a na-asa **Kush** n’aha “Cartels  n’asụsụ obodo.

Nnyocha na usoro nri ọhụrụ iji mụbaa oke ọgwụgwọ metụtara Kush, amụbawo ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụgwọ.McMakin, Wilson (February 26, 2025). "The main ingredients in Sierra Leone's kush are synthetic opioids and cannabinoids, report finds". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 April 2025. Kush bụ ihe na-akụda mmụọ. Elu ọ na-enye onye ọrụ ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Mgbaàmà nke ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè sitere na ọnyá, ruo na isi mgbaka. Kush nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu imeju, akụrụ na iku ume. Akụkọ 2025 chọpụtara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke Kush nke Sierra Leone nwere opioids ruo okpukpu 25 karịa fentanyl.

N’afọ 2024, gọọmenti Sierra Leone kwupụtara na iji Kush bụ mberede ahụike ọha mmadụ (public health emergency), ma webatakwa usoro iwu, ahụike, na mgbochi iji luso ya ọgụ.. Kelly, Caitlin (April 5, 2025). "Sierra Leone declared an emergency over a powerful synthetic drug but women were left behind". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 April 2025.

Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Sierra Leone n'okpuru mmetụta nke Kush, enweela ike idina mmadụ n'ike.Kelly, Caitlin (April 5, 2025). "Sierra Leone declared an emergency over a powerful synthetic drug but women were left behind". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 April 2025. Ụmụ nwanyị anọwo na-atụrụ ime mgbe ha nọ na Kush, ha amaghịkwa ndị ikom kpatara ya.

Ụmụ nwoke ji Kush karịa ụmụ nwanyị.Kelly, Caitlin (April 5, 2025). "Sierra Leone declared an emergency over a powerful synthetic drug but women were left behind". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 April 2025. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị adịgboroja ọgwụ a na **Sierra Leone** anaghị agba mbọ ịchọ ọgwụgwọ n’ihi **mmehie mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya** (social stigma).

 Ihe odide 

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations