Asụsụ Sherpa

Sherpa (nakwa Sharpa, Sherwa, ma ọ bụ Xiaerba ) bụ asụsụ Tibetic a na-asụ na Nepal na steeti Sikkim nke India, nke Sherpa kacha asụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Sherpa bi na mpaghara Khumbu nke Nepal, si n'ókè China (Tibet) dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Osimiri Bhotekosi dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.  Ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 127,000 bi na Nepal (ọnụọgụ 2021), ihe dị ka 16,000 na Sikkim, India (2011), na ụfọdụ 800 na Tibet Autonomous Region (1994). Sherpa bụ isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa (SOV) asụsụ . Sherpa bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji script Devanagari ma ọ bụ Tibetan dee ya mgbe ụfọdụ. 

 Nhazi 
Sherpa bụ ngalaba Tibetic nke ezinụlọ Tibeto-Burman . O nwere njikọ chiri anya na Central Tibetan, Jirel, Humla, Mugom, Dolpo, Lo-ke, Nubri, Tsum, Langtang, Kyirong, Yolmo, Gyalsumdo, Kagate, Lhomi, Walung, na Tokpe Gola. Agụ akwụkwọ Tibet LT - na-aghọ /lh/ na SR- aghọ /ʈ/. Enwere olumba ise nwere njikọ chiri anya, ndị a bụ Solu, Khumbu, Pharak, Dram, na Sikkimese Sherpa. 

 fonology 
Sherpa bụ asụsụ tonal . Graves, Thomas E. (2007).   Sherpa nwere consonants ndị a: 

 Consonants 
LabialDentalAlveolarRetroflexPalato-<br id="mwZQ"><br>alveolarPalatalVelarGlottalNasal    Plosive/Affricatevoiceless       aspirated       voiced       Fricative   Liquidvoiceless  voiced  Semivowel  

 Kwụsị ụda  enwere ike ewepụtaghị [ p̚, t̪̚, ʈ̚, k̚ ] n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
 Palatal na-ada ụda  nwere ike neutralize ka velar ụda  mgbe mbụ  .
  nwere ike ịghọ imi retroflex [ ɳ ] mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu nkwụsị retroflex.
  nwere ike inwe allophone nke [ ɸ ] mgbe ọ na-eme na okwu ngwa ngwa.
 /l/ na /r/ na-ewepụta na njedebe nke okwu ma ọ bụ n'ihu consonant.

 Udaume 
 N'ihu Azu ọnụ imi ọnụ imi Elu i ĩ u ũ Ọkara-elu e ẽ o õ Ọkara-ala ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ Dị ala a ã ʌ ʌ̃

 Udaume na-ada  nwere allophones  mgbe n'etiti consonants na na mkpuruokwu mechiri emechi. 

 Ụda 
Enwere ụda anọ dị iche iche; elu , elu ọdịda , obere , na obere ịrị elu  . N'agbanyeghị ụda okwu a na-adị mgbe niile, syllable ikpeazụ nke ajụjụ bụ ka a ga-eji ụda na-arị elu kpọpụta.

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

 Ngwaa 
A na-agbanwe mkpụrụ okwu ngwaa maka akụkụ na ọnọdụ. Akụkụ ndị na-ezughị okè na nke zuru oke na ọchịchọ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe e bu n'obi mee ihe), enweghị njedebe, mgbagwoju anya, na mkpa (iwu) ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Na ngwaa suffixes, infinitive, disjunct (omume na-abụghị e bu n'obi ma ọ bụ na-amaghị na e bu n'obi), gara aga observational, mirative (ọkà okwu ịtụnanya), volitional, augmentative (oke ike), participle, durative (omume na-ewe site na ogologo oge), mgbochi (ọtụtụ dị mkpa), dictative, escent akụkọ, ihe dị iche iche na-ekwu okwu. Okwu ngwaa nwere ike were ihe ruru suffixes atọ. A na-ewerekarị akụkụ ndị zuru oke na ndị na-ezughị okè dị ka oge gara aga na nke na-abụghị oge gara aga, n'otu n'otu. Akara aha "locative" na "ablative" anaghị ezo aka n'ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ kama ọ bụ okwu homomorphous dị ka clitic nke otu aha ahụ. Sherpa bụ ngwaa-ikpeazụ.
+Mgbakwunye ọnọdụ-ọnọdụ Ụdị Suffix Enweghị ngwụcha -u/-p Ọgba aghara/Na-egbu mgbu (k) i Nlebanya gara aga -nsun Mirative -nọk Nke afọ ofufo -ĩ Augmentative (s) a nsonye -CṼ (C) ,-n Ogologo oge -i Nkwuwa okwu -si Ablative -ne Ebe -la
Infinitive na-akakwa akara ngwaa nke ahịrịokwu ikwu na ihe omume izugbe na-enweghị isiokwu akọwapụtara.

Akara ablative na-egosi omume na-aga n'ihu nwere njikọ ụfọdụ kpatara.

Akara ebe a na-egosi mgbe emere ihe omume dị na nkebi ahịrịokwu maka ebumnuche imezu ihe omume ahụ n'ahịrịokwu ebe.

A na-eji copula (Enweghị mma hín, zuru oke hot̪u ) maka ịdị adị, ọnọdụ, njirimara, na amụma amụma. Ihe ahụ pụtara ìhè bụ́ pụtara na njedebe nke nkebi ahịrịokwu iji gosi omume nke ọkà okwu gbara akaebe. A na-eji ihe na-adịghị mma má na ngwaa zuru oke.

 Aha aha 
Enwere okwu ikpe anọ dị na Sherpa: nominative, genitive, locative, and ablative . Enwere ike iji ndị a akara arụmụka nke ngwaa. Enwere usoro nkewa-ergative dabere na akụkụ; nominative-na-ebo ebubo n'ime ezughị okè na onye nkwutọ-na-eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke. 

 Nkpọaha 
Nnọchiaha onwe onye na Sherpa na-atụgharị maka ọnụọgụ na ikpe. Enwere ike iji nnochiaha mmadụ nke atọ dị ka ihe ngosi, na onye nke atọ n'otu n'otu na-ejekwa ozi dị ka akara nrịbama postnominal.
+Onye Otu Ọtụtụ Nhọpụta Genitive Ebe Nhọpụta Genitive Ebe 1 (gụnyere) -- -- -- d̪ʌkpu d̪ʌkp d̪ʌkpula 1 (Ewezuga) ŋʌ ɲɛ ʌla ɲirʌŋ ɲire ɲirʌŋla 2 cʰuruŋ cʰore cʰuruŋla cʰírʌŋ cʰíre cʰírʌŋla 3 t̪í t̪íki t̪íla t̪iwɔ́ t̪íwi t̪iwɔ́la
Enwere akụkọ abụọ, nke na-eme nkebiokwu-n'ikpeazụ. A na-eji enclitic gosi ụdị ahụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ - i na njedebe nke okwu okwu.

 Adjectives 
Usoro n'ozuzu okwu n'ime aha-nkebiokwu bụ Noun-Adjective. Quantifiers na ọnụọgụ na-esokwa aha ha na-agbanwe. Ọnụọgụ nwere ike were suffix -pa iji gosi ordinary ma ọ bụ -kʌr iji gosi mkpokọta.
+Ọnụọgụ Sherpa Gloss  otu čìk iri na otu čučik abuo ɲì iri na abuo čìŋɲi atọ sụm iri na ato gbupsum anọ ǰi iri abụọ kʰʌlǰik ise ŋà iri abụọ na otu kʰʌlǰik isii t̪úk iri atọ kʰʌlsum Asaa d̪ n'ime iri ise kʰʌlŋa asatọ jɛ́ iri asaa kʰʌld n'ime itoolu gu iri itoolu kʰʌlgu iri čìt̪ʰʌmba otu narị kʰʌl čìt̪ʰʌmba

 Okwu okwu 
Tebụlụ na-esonụ depụtara ụbọchị nke izu, nke sitere na asụsụ Tibet ("Pur-gae").
+Ụbọchị izu na Sherpa Bekee Sherpa Sọnde ihema Monday Dawa Tuzdee Miŋma Wenezde Lakpa Tọzdee Phurba Fraịde Pasaŋ Satọde Pemba

 Ihe atụ Ederede 
Nke a bụ ihe atụ ederede na Sherpa nke edemede 1 nke nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ :

Sherpa na edemede Devanagari

 1. Ọ bụ ya mere o ji dị mkpa. गङ्ग नम्ज्योद दङ् शेस्रब् फर्छुर च्यिग्गि-Fi

Sherpa na edemede Tibet

 མ Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ. Nkeji ihe merenụ. Amụma nke ọma . Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ. ihe ང། ཕ Okpukpe dị elu Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ.

Sherpa na ntụgharị asụsụ IAST

 Mi rig te ri raꞌvāꞌ daꞌ cithoꞌ gi thopthaꞌ ɗaḍaï thog kyeu yin. Gaṅ ga namjyod daṅ śesrab lhankye su oddub yin caṅ, pharchur cyiggi-cyigla pungyi duśes jyoggogyi.

Sherpa na ntụgharị asụsụ Wylie

 Mi rigs te ri rang dbang dang rtsi thong gi thob thang 'dra 'dra'i thog skyeu yin. Gang ga rnam dpyod dang shes rab lhan skyes su 'od dub yin tsang, phar tshur gcig gis gcig la spun gyi 'du shes 'jog dgos kyi.

Ntụgharị asụsụ

 Nkeji edemede 1: A mụrụ mmadụ niile n'ohere na nha anya ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnna.

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Himali Sherpa: Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Culture Sherpa
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Sherpa-Bekee na Bekee-Sherpa
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Sherpa Archived   Bipụta mbipụta
 Asụsụ Sherpa Omniglot
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations