Elaine Mokhtefi

Elaine Mokhtefi (amụrụ na 1928) bụ onye America na Algeria na-eme ihe, onye ntụgharị, na onye edemede. A mụrụ ya na New York, Mokhtefi malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị maka ndị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ndị na-eme ihe ike mgbe ọ kwagara Paris mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ. Ọ kwadoro mbọ Algeria na-agba maka nnwere onwe, wee biri na Algeria site na 1962 ruo mgbe a manyere ya ịhapụ mba ahụ na 1974. Akwụkwọ ncheta ya banyere oge ya n'ebe ahụ, Algiers, Third World Capital: Freedom Fighters, Revolutionaries, Black Panthers, bụ nke Verso Books bipụtara na 2018.

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Elaine Mokhtefi Elaine Klein na 1928 na Hempstead, New York. Ezinụlọ ya bụ ndị Juu na-abụghị ndị Juu, ọ kọwakwara na ọ na-eche Mmegide ndị Juu ihu n'oge ọ bụ nwata.   Nne na nna ya abụghị ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ bụ ezie na nna ya gara nzukọ nke Socialist Party n'otu oge, ọ kọwakwara nne ya dị ka "karịsịa onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ debara aha ya na Wesleyan College, ụlọ akwụkwọ Ndị Kraịst dị na Georgia. Mokhtefi nupụụrụ ọchịchị nkewa, a chụpụrụ ya mgbe otu afọ gasịrị.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri New York, ọ gụrụ asụsụ wee sonye n'òtù na-emegide agha United World Federalists. N'afọ 1951, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ, o ji ụgbọ mmiri si New York gaa Paris, njem were ụbọchị iri na anọ, wee chọọ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye ntụgharị.

 Mgbalị 
Mokhtefi ghọrọ onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na onye na-egbochi ọchịchị ala ọzọ n'oge na-adịghị anya.Ehrenreich, Ben (2018-08-11). "Algiers, Third World Capital by Elaine Mokhtefi review – Black Panthers, freedom fighters, revolutionaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

Na 1952, mgbe ọ rutere France, ọ gara njem ụbọchị ndị ọrụ mba ụwa na Paris, bụ ebe ọ zutere ndị ọrụ Algeria. N'ịbụ onye tinyere aka nke ukwuu n'ọrụ a, o sonye na Nzukọ Ndị Mmadụ Nile Africa na Accra, Ghana, na 1958. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere Frantz Fanon na Mohamed Sahnoun. Mokhtefi kpebiri na ya na ha ga-arụkọ ọrụ iji kwado mmegide Algeria National Liberation Front (FLN). Ọ sonyeere Sahnoun na New York wee biri ebe ahụ na 1960.[1] Na New York, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nke Gọọmenti Ogologo oge nke Algerian Republic na FLN.[2] Ọ gakwara klaasị na mahadum New York. [3]

Ka ahụ́ ike Fanon dara na 1961, bụ́ nke mesịrị gbuo ya, Mokhtefi na-eleta ya mgbe nile ma na-akwado ezinụlọ ya, na-enyere aka ilekọta nwa ya nwoke dị afọ isii, bụ́ Olivier.

Mgbe Algeria nwetasịrị nnwere onwe na 1962, Mokhtefi biri na Algiers, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ 12. A goro ya ọrụ dị ka onye America naanị na nchịkwa ọhụrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụzi ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla nke bilitere. N'afọ 1969, e nyere ya ọrụ ịhazi mmemme omenala Pan-Africa nke mbụ na Algiers. O nyekwara aka nabata mmegharị nnwere onwe mba n'ofe Africa (Mozambique, Angola, South Africa) na mba Black Panther Party na Algeria. Karịsịa, o nyere aka hazie mbupụ nzuzo nke Eldridge Cleaver na Algeria mgbe ọ gbagara United States na Cuba. O zutekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị ka Fidel Castro, Houari Boumédiène, Ahmed Ben Bella, na Ho Chi Minh site n'ọrụ ya.

A manyere Mokhtefi ịhapụ Algeria na 1974, mgbe ọ jụrụ ịgwa enyi ya n'etiti ọgụ ike na Algiers. Ọ gara biri na Paris, ebe o biri afọ 20 tupu ọ laghachi New York ọzọ na 1994. E kweghị ka ọ laghachi Algeria ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ. Ehrenreich, Ben (2018-08-11). "Algiers, Third World Capital by Elaine Mokhtefi review – Black Panthers, freedom fighters, revolutionaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-21. Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

Ọrụ ya gara n'ihu na New York, ebe ọ sonyere n'omume mgbochi agha, ngagharị ihu igwe, Occupy Wall Street, na ngagharị iwe na-akwado Palestine.

 Ide ihe 
N'oge ya na Algeria, Mokhtefi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka Algerian Press Service, na-akọ si nke atọ Reich.[1]

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị France, ya na di ya so dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme maka ndị na-eto eto.Ruta, Suzanne (2018-08-23). "Suzanne Ruta on Elaine Mokhtefi". Berfrois. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.

Na 2018, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ, Algiers, isi obodo ụwa nke atọ: Freedom Fighters, Revolutionaries, Black Panthers. E bipụtara ya n'afọ sochirinụ na France n'okpuru aha Alger, capitale de la révolution: De Fanon aux Black Panthers, na Mokhtefi na-emecha nsụgharị French n'onwe ya. A tọhapụrụ ya na Algeria na 2019.

 Ndụ onwe onye 
Elaine Klein kpọrọ aha Elaine Mokhtefi mgbe ọ lụsịrị onye edemede na onye bụbu onye otu ndị agha nnwere onwe nke Algerian Mokhtar Mokhtefi.[1] Di na nwunye ahụ zutere na Algiers na 1972, o sonyekwaara ya mgbe a manyere ya ịhapụ obodo ahụ afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Ha biri na Paris afọ iri abụọ, e mesịa na New York afọ iri ọzọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2015.

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