Asụsụ Sakao

Sakao (nakwa Nkep ma ọ bụ Nekep ) bụ asụsụ Oceanic a na-asụ na mpi ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu .

 Aha 
Sakao bụ aha asụsụ ndị mba ọzọ na ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-eji. Aha ya bụ Sakao Island, agwaetiti dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Espiritu Santo, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Port-Olry. (Na mberede, nke a abụghị aha obodo nke agwaetiti ahụ, nke ndị na-asụ Sakao na-akpọ Laðhi . Aha sakau < Proto-Oceanic *sakaRu pụtara 'coral reef' n'asụsụ dị iche iche nke Vanuatu, ma a maghị kpọmkwem onye nyere aha ya n'àgwàetiti ahụ.)

 Olumba 
Sakao enweela mgbanwe ụda olu na ihe ọhụrụ, nke mere ka ndị agbata obi Espiritu Santo nwere njikọ chiri anya ghọta ya. Otú ọ dị, ihe àmà sitere na olumba abụọ ahụ na-egosi na ihe ọhụrụ ahụ mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ikekwe n'ime narị afọ gara aga. Ya mere dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji okwu ndị a na-atụnyere cognates ha na onye ikwu ya Tolomako :
 Sakao Tolomako Ụdị proto "Louse" nnð na ɣutu * na ɣutu "ọkụkọ" nɔð na toa * na taa "anọ" jeð βati *βati "ịfụ" hi suβi * suβi
Isi olumba Sakao bụ Northern, ma ọ bụ Port-Olry olumba, na Southern, ma ọ bụ Hog-Harbour. Olumba ndịda bụ nke na-echekwa nchekwube. Ihe e ji mara ya bụ mfu nke ọtụtụ ụdaume pretonic na posttonic, na-ebute ụyọkọ consonant pụrụ iche maka asụsụ Oceanic. A na-eji olumba ugwu jiri ọtụtụ ụdaume epenthetic eme ihe, bụ ndị nwetagoro ọkwa ụda olu, na-ebute ihe dị ka nkwekọrita ụdaume n'elu; mfu nke mbụ *n- nke aha, ma e wezụga na monosyllabic nouns (nke a *n- abụ a reflex nke nkịtị Austronesian isiokwu * na, fused na nouns na Sakao); na ntughari nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụokwu-ụdaume ikpeazụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ Port-Olry nwere  "fog, alụlụ" ebe Hog-Harbour nwere  .

Ọ gwụla ma egosiputara n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọmụmaatụ ndị e nyere ebe a dị na Northern, Port-Olry, olumba.

 fonology 
+Udaume Sakao (akụkụ akụkụ) N'ihu Agbaghị gburugburu N'ihu<br id="mwVQ"><br><br><br> Gburugburu Azu Gburugburu Mechie i y u N'etiti etiti e ø o Oghere-etiti ɛ œ ɔ Mepee a ɒ
Na mgbakwunye, Sakao nwere ụdaume nso  nke a na-akọwapụtaghị maka ịgbachitere ma ọ bụ agbachighị ya, n'ihu ma ọ bụ azụ, ma na-enweghi nrụgide mgbe niile. O nwekwara diphthong abụọ , ebe Tolomako enweghị nke ọ bụla.
+Sakao consonants Labial eze Alveolar Dorsal Glottal imi m n ŋ Plosive p t k Nke na-ese okwu β ð s ɣ h Odika w l j Kpatụ ɾTrill r̥
Na mgbakwunye, consonants Sakao nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ:  "ịgba",  "akwa"

O doghị anya ma Sakao nwere ọbụna mkpụrụ edemede; ya bụ, ma ịgbalị ikewa okwu Sakao ka ọ bụrụ nkeji okwu bara uru ọ ga-ekwe omume. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ, syllable Sakao ga-adị ka V (ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ consonants ọ bụla gbara ya gburugburu: V  "Ị", CCVCCCC (?)  "Ị bụrụ abụ, kwụsịkwa ịbụ abụ, ị gbachiri nkịtị" [  2nd pers.,  "ịbụ",  zuru oke,  na-aga n'ihu].

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

 Nọmba 
Dị ka Tolomako, Sakao na-amata ọnụọgụ anọ maka nnọchiaha onwe ya. Agbanyeghị, ha abụghị otu, abụọ, nnwale, ọtụtụ, mana otu, dual, paucal, plural. Sakao paucal na-enweta site na ikpe Tolomako, yabụ Tolomako  "ha atọ", Sakao  "ha, site na atọ ruo iri" (  na  bụ mgbe nile derivable si  <  na  ). Otu kwuru na Sakao  <  "Ise n'ime ha" nke bụ, etymologically, "ha atọ, ise."

A naghị atụgharị ihe nrịbama maka ọnụọgụgụ, ma e wezụga okwu ikwu nke na-amata otu na ọtụtụ:  "nne m/nwanne m,"  "nne nne m;"  "Nwa m,"  "ụmụ m." N'otu aka ahụ niile ngosi (nkpọaha, adjectives, even locatives):  "Nke a,"  "Ndị a;"  "onye a,"  "Ndị a;"  "ebe a,"  "n'ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu ebe a."

 Deixis 
Sakao nwere ogo asaa nke deixis .

 Aha aha 
Sakao nwere aha na-enweghị atụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emegharị oge niile:
 Sakao Bekee œsɨŋœ-ɣ "ọnụ m" œsɨŋœ-m "ọnụ gị" ɔsɨŋɔ-n "ọnụ ya" œŋ-... "ọnụ..." Sakao Bekee uly-ɣ "Ntutu m" uli-m "Ntutu gi" ulœ-n "Ntutu isi ya" nnoo-... "Ntutu"
N'ebe a "ọnụ" dị iche iche  na "ntutu" variably  .

 Syntax 
Sakao nwere suffix  nke na-abawanye valence nke ngwaa (dakọtara na suffixes applicative n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ): ọ na-eme ka ngwaa na-agbanwe agbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ngwaa transitive ditransitive. Ya ikpe ikpeazụ, otu arụmụka nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpọmkwem na nke ọzọ bụ ngwá ọrụ; usoro okwu nke arụmụka ahụ bụ n'efu, na-ahapụ ọnọdụ iji mebie nke bụ:

Usoro Sakao gụnyere syntax polysynthetic, n'adịghị ka nkewapụ syntax nke onye agbata obi ya Tolomako . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike itinye okwu 'ezi' n'elu n'ime ngwaa ahụ, na-ahapụ otu arụmụka mpụga:

 "Ụta" bụ arụmụka ngwá ọrụ nke  "ịgba", na  "Oké osimiri" bụ ihe kpọmkwem nke  "Iso", nke ebe ọ bụ na ejikọtara ha n'otu ngwaa, ejiri akara suffix  akara dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. .  "ịgba" nwere ihe incorporated  "azụ", nke mbụ consonant geminates maka  ;  , ịbụ akụkụ nke otu okwu, wee belata na  .

 Asụsụ Tolomako, maka myirịta na nke dị n'elu n'asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya mana n'ụzọ dị mfe ụtọ

 Ntụaka 




 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nchekwa ELAR nke olumba N'kep nke Sakao (north Vanuatu): Nhazi na mgbanwe
 Paradisec nwere nchịkọta abụọ nke Arthur Cappell ( AC1, AC2 ) nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Sakao
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations