Asụsụ Gyalrongic

Asụsụ Gyalrongic (nke a makwaara dị ka Rgyalrongic ma ọ bụ Jiarongic ) mejupụtara ngalaba nke asụsụ Qiangic nke Sino-Tibet,  ma ụfọdụ na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke nnukwu asụsụ Rung ma ghara iche na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Qiangic mana na-atụ aro na myirịta dị n'etiti Gyalrongic na Qiangic nwere ike inwe mmetụta.  Otú ọ dị, ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-egosi na Qiangic n'ozuzu ya nwere ike ịbụ paraphyletic, na nanị ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke "alaka" a na-eche na a na-ekekọrịta archaisms na akụkụ mpaghara bụ ndị a kwadoro site na kọntaktị asụsụ .  Jacques & Michaud (2011) na-atụ aro na Qiangic gụnyere Gyalrongic nwere ike so na nnukwu Burmo-Qiangic otu dabere na ụfọdụ ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ lexical . 

 Nkesa ala 
A na-asụ asụsụ Gyalrongic na Sichuan dị na China, ọkachasị na mpaghara Tibet na Qiang nke Karmdzes na Rngaba nwere onwe. Asụsụ ndị a dị iche site n'ọdịdị ọdịdị ha na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na ihe mgbe ochie nke ụda olu ha, nke mere ka ha baa uru maka asụsụ akụkọ ihe mere eme .

A na-asụkarị asụsụ Gyalrongic na mpaghara anọ nke Ma'erkang, Li, Xiaojin na Jinchuan dị na Aba Prefecture, ọdịda anyanwụ Sichuan .  A na-ekwu okwu nkuzi Gyalrongic ndị ọzọ na mpaghara Heishui, Rangtang, Baoxing, Danba na Daofu.

 Nhazi 
Asụsụ Gyalrongic na-ekekọrịta ọtụtụ atụmatụ, ọkachasị n'ụdị mkpụrụokwu ọnụ. Nhazi ọkwa ọhụrụ dị ka Lai et al. (2020) kewara Gyalrongic gaa na ngalaba West na East: 

Asụsụ Gyalrong n'aka nke ya mejupụtara ụdị anọ a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta : Eastern Gyalrong ma ọ bụ Situ, Japhug, Tshobdun, na Zbu .

Khroskyabs na Horpa bụ Lin (1993) kewara dị ka "olumba ọdịda anyanwụ" nke Gyalrong, yana Eastern Gyalrong na "olumba ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ" (Japhug, Tshobdun, na Zbu). Ma ọ bụghị ya, nkwenye ndị ọkà mmụta na-eche na anya dị n'etiti Khroskyabs, Horpa, na ụyọkọ Gyalrong karịrị nke dị n'etiti asụsụ Gyalrong. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ethnologue na-akọ 75% myirịta lexical n'etiti Situ na Japhug, 60% n'etiti Japhug na Tshobdun, mana naanị 13% n'etiti Situ na Horpa.

Huang (2007:180)  chọpụtara na Horpa (Rta'u) na Gyalrong (Cogrtse) na-ekekọrịta naanị 15.2% cognacy, yana 242 cognates n'ime mkpokọta 1,592 okwu.

Asụsụ Khalong Tibet nwere mpaghara Gyalrongic. 

Asụsụ Chamdo (nke gụnyere Lamo, Larong, na Drag-yab, otu asụsụ atọ nke Sino-Tibet nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a na-asụ na Chamdo, ọwụwa anyanwụ Tibet ) nwere ike ịbụ Qiangic ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị abụ.   

 Tụnyere Tibetic 
Asụsụ Tibeti gbara asụsụ Gyalrongic gburugburu, yabụ na ha na ha na-akpakọrịta nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ isi okwu okwu na morphological dị n'etiti ha. Gyalrongic na-ejikarị prefixes dị ka *kə-, *tə-, wdg, ebe asụsụ Tibeti na-eji suffixes dị ka -pa/-ba, -ma, -po/-bo, -mo, wdg. N'okpuru ebe a bụ tebụl atụnyere okwu na bTshanlha na Japhug nke na-enweghị cognates na oge ochie Tibetan . 
Gloss bTshanlha Japhug Tibet oge gboo afọ təpa lee ụbụrụ trọk tɯ-mo klad pa Ndewo trọmk ihe ba mmiri ara tọlu 'o ma ukwu zuo ezuo tɤmi nka pa azụ tʃhəɣjo qa-ɟy nya ifuru tapat m tog, ndị nwoke tog ire teʃme lce uhie kwərne kɯ-ɣɯmi dmar po edo edo kʉ-qarŋe ser (po) ájá kweek bye ma atụrụ ka-jo qa-ʑo lug inyinya mboro mbro rta

 Ntụaka 

 Duo Erji [多尔吉]. 1984.Ọmụmụ Geshezha nke Daofu County [道孚语格什扎话研究]. China Tibet Studies Press [中国藏学出版社出版]. ISBN 9787800573279
 Gates, Jesse P. 2012. Situ in situ: kwupụta olumba nke Jiāróng (rGyalrong) . Usoro mmụta MA, Trinity Western University.
 Gates, Jesse P. 2014. Ebe dị na Situ: Na-eru nso a Dialectology of Jiarong (rGyalrong) . Ọmụmụ LINCOM na asụsụ Asia 80. Munich: Lincom Europa. ISBN 9783862884728

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nchekwa data asụsụ rGyalrongic (data CLDF na Zenodo    )
 Archived nrụgharị Proto-rGyalrong   (Ọrụ Alaka Sino-Tibet)