1 Samuel 17

1 Samuel 17 bụ isi nke iri na asaa nke Akwụkwọ mbụ nke Samuel n’ime Testament Ochie nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ Ndị Kraịst ma ọ bụ akụkụ mbụ nke akwụkwọ Samuel na Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru. [1] Dị ka ọdịnala ndị Juu si dị, e nyere akwụkwọ ahụ sitere n’aka Samuel onye amụma, tinyere mgbakwunye ndị amụma Gad na Netan gbakwunyere, [1] ma ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe mejupụtara ọtụtụ ederede nọọrọ onwe ha nke afọ dị iche iche site na c. 630-540 TOA. [3] [4] Isiakwụkwọ a nwere agha Devid na Golayat, onye Filistia nwere. [5] Nke a bụ n'ime akụkụ nke nwere 1 Samuel 16 ruo 2 Samuel 5 nke na-edekọ mbilite n'ọnwụ Devid dị ka eze Israel.

 Ihe odide 
E ji asụsụ Hibru dee isiakwụkwọ a na mbụ. E kewara ya n’amaokwu iri ise na asatọ.

Ụfọdụ ihe odide ndị mbụ nwere ihe odide nke isiakwụkwọ a n’asụsụ Hibru sitere n’ọdịnala Ederede Masoret, bụ́ nke gụnyere Codex Cairensis (895), Codex Codex (narị afọ nke 10), na Codex Leningradensis (1008). [7] A chọtara iberibe akwụkwọ ndị nwere akụkụ nke isiakwụkwọ a n'asụsụ Hibru n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ gụnyere 4Q51 (4QSama; 100-50 TOA) nwere amaokwu 3-8, 40-41.[8][2][10][3]

Ihe odide oge ochie ndị dị ugA">B A nke nsụgharị Koine Grik a maara dị ka Septuagint (nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga B) gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (B; 

 G 

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 B; narị afọ nke anọ) na Codex Alexandrinus (A; 

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 A; narị afọ nke ise).[12][a] Ihe odide dị na Codex Vaticanus dị mkpụmkpụ karịa ndị ọzọ, nke nwere naanị amaokwu 1-11, 32-40, 42-48a, 49, 51-54. [14]

 Ebe ndị a na-anọ 

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ndagwurugwu Elah, nke a na-ele site n'elu Tel Azeka (2014).

 Azeka
 Betlehem na Juda
 Ephesdammim
 Ekrọn
 Gath
 Ramah
 Shaaraim
 Shochoh
 Ndagwurugwu Elah

 Nnyocha 
Akụkụ nke nwere 1 Samuel 16 ruo 2 Samuel 5 ka a maara dị ka " History of David's Rice", na David dị ka isi agwa, n'ime nke 1 Samuel 16: 1 na 2 Samuel 1:27 na-etolite otu nọọrọ onwe ya na isiokwu bụ isi nke "ọdịda nke Sọl na mbilite n'ọnwụ Devid", [6] Akụkọ a na-enye ule ule nke Devid, n'ụzọ dị iche na nke Jonathan nke ocheeze nke Michma 1 Samuel 1:27. 14:13-14). [14] E kwusiri ike na Devid abanyeghị n’agha ya na Golaịat n’ihi ‘ịdị mpako ma ọ bụ mmụọ nke ime njem, kama n’ihi na ọ gbasoro atụmatụ Chineke. [15] Nkọwa nke Devid dị ka onye ọzụzụ atụrụ n'akụkọ a nwere nkọwa 'eze' (cf Abụ Ọma 78:70-72 na amụma Jeremaya, Ezikiel, na Zekaraya),

 Ihe ịma aka nke Golaịat, onye Filistia (17:1-11) 
Mgbe oge a na-amaghị ama gasịrị, ndị Filistia maliteghachiri ibuso Izrel agha, kpọkọta ndị agha ha nso na Soko, bụ́ ebe dị mkpa nke dị n’agbata ókèala ndị Filistia na Izrel. 17 Sọl wee kpọkọta ndị agha Izrel n’akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ndagwurugwu Ila, na-atụ anya agha. [18] Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, otu nnukwu nwoke, bụ Goliath, si na ndị Filistia pụta, onye agha ochie, na-eyi ngwá agha kachasị elu, na-ama onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị agha Izrel aka maka otu onye na-alụ ọgụ, kama ọtụtụ puku ndị agha na-alụ ọgụ, iji kpebie ihe ga-esi na ya pụta - onye mmeri na-ewere ihe niile. [18] N’ama aka ya, Golayat kpọkuru Sọl hoo haa (“unu abụghị ndị ohu Sọl”; amaokwu 8) ikekwe n’izo aka na Sọl bụ onye kasị ogologo n’etiti ụmụ Izrel (1 Samuel 10:23), ma Sọl na ndị agha Izrel nile tụrụ egwu nke ukwuu ịnakwere ihe ịma aka ahụ.

 Amaokwu 1 
Ma ndi Filistia chikọtara usu-ndi-agha-ha ibu agha, chikọta onwe-ha na Soko, nke Juda nwere, ma ulo-ikwū-ha n'etiti Soko na Azeka, n'Efes-Damim.

Amaokwu ahụ kọwapụtara ihe nkiri nke agha a na-agaghị echefu echefu nke Devid na Golaịat n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ndị Filistia na ndị agha Izrel mara ụlọikwuu n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndagwurugwu Elah (amaokwu nke 2) ruo mgbe ha zutere na Socho, ndị Filistia mara ụlọikwu ha n'Efesọs-dammim 

 Sochoh" (nke edekwara dị ka "Shochoh, Sokho"): nke a kọwara na "Shuweikeh" nke oge a, ihe dị ka kilomita 16 na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Jerusalem n'okporo ụzọ Gaza. [5]
 “Azeka” e kwuru na Jọshụa 10:10 gbasara nchụpụ ndị Filistia n’agha Bet-horon. [5]
 “Efes-dammim”: nke pụtara “oke ọbara” (cf. Ha-Pas Dammim na 1 Ihe E Mere 11:13), nke e jikọrọ ya na Beit Fased nke oge a, ma ọ bụ ‘Ụlọ Ọbara, nke dịdebere Soko. [6]  Ma eleghị anya, e kpọrọ aha ahụ ka ebe agha na-agakarị n’etiti ụmụ Izrel na ndị Filistia.

 Amaokwu nke 2 

 Sọl na ndikom Israel we chikọta onwe-ha, ma ulo-ikwū-ha na ndagwurugwu Ila, hazie onwe-ha n'usoro ibuso ndi Filistia agha.

 “Ndagwurugwu Ila”: ugbu a Wady-es-Sunt, na-agbaga n’akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ site n’ugwu Juda dị nso na Hibrọn na-agafe Gat (cf. 1 Samuel 5:8) ruo n’oké osimiri dị nso n’Ashdọd. Aha oge ochie "Elah" sitere na Terebinth, ụdị osisi kachasị ukwuu na Palestine ka na-eguzo na mpaghara, ebe aha oge a "es-Sunt" sitere na acacias nke gbasasịrị na ndagwurugwu

 Ma otù onye-ndú-agha siri n'ọmuma-ulo-ikwū ndi Filistia puta, aha-ya bu Golaiat nke Gat, onye idi-elu-ya di cubit isi na otù ntù-aka.

 "Goliath": onye agha Filistia nke si Gat. N'oge ihe gwupụtara na Mahadum Bar-Ilan nke Israel n'ebe Gath oge ochie (nke bụ́ Tell es-Safi ugbu a) achọpụtara otu ite ite, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'agbata narị afọ nke iri ruo etiti narị afọ nke itoolu BC, nke e dekwasịrị aha abụọ 'LWT na WLT, [nke na-enyo enyo] bụ ndị metụtara aha Goliath n'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ, nke dabara na Goliath. ihe gbasara ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri/ mmalite narị afọ nke itoolu TOA Omenala ndị Filistia, [10] yana enwere ike jikọta ya na eze Lidia nke Alyattes, nke dabara na ọnọdụ ndị Filistia. [11] Aha yiri nke ahụ, Uliat, ka agbakwara akaebe n'ihe odide Carian.
 Cubit isii na otu ogologo” na-eso Ederede Masoret, ihe dịka 9 ft. 9 in., mana ụfọdụ ihe odide gụnyere 4QSamª na Septuagint nwere 'cubit anọ na otu span' (ihe dịka 6 ft. 9 in.), [14] [13] dị ka ọ dị na tebụl dị n'okpuru. [29] Otu "cubit" (Hibru: 'ammah) dị ihe dị ka sentimita iri na asatọ ma ọ bụ 45 centimeters, [14] (n'ụwa oge ochie na-adịgasị iche site na sentimita iri na asaa ruo iri na asatọ), mana e nwere ogologo na kubit dị mkpụmkpụ, dịka na Babylon na Egypt, a tụrụ 20.65 na 17.6 sentimita, n'otu n'otu.

Ndị akaebe ederedeEbe e si nweta yaAsụsụỤbọchịOgologo (nke mbụ) Ogologo (mita) Ogologo (ụkwụ + sentimita) a Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ4QSamaNdị JuuAsụsụ Hibru50 T.O.A.4 cubits na oghere26 ft. 9 in. Josephus 6.171Ndị JuuGrik80 OA4 cubits na oghere26 ft. 9 in. Symmachus (nke Origenin kwuru na narị afọ nke atọ OA) Ndị JuuGrik~ 200 OA6 cubits na oghere39 ft. 9 in. Mmalite yaHexaplaNdị KraịstGrik~250 OA6 cubits na oghere39 ft. 9 in. Ntụziaka Grik nke LucianNdị KraịstGrik200-300 OA.4 cubits na oghere26 ft. 9 in. Codex Vaticanus (LXX) Ndị KraịstGrik300-400 OA.4 cubits na oghere26 ft. 9 in. Codex Alexandrinus (LXX) Ndị KraịstGrik400-500 OA.4 cubits na oghere26 ft. 9 in. Vulgate (Jerome) Ndị KraịstLatịn400 OA6 cubits na oghere39 ft. 9 in. Codex VenetusNdị KraịstGrik700-800 OA5 cubits na oghere2.58 ft. 3 in. Aleppo Codex (Ihe odide Masoretic) Ndị JuuAsụsụ Hibru935 OA6 cubits na oghere39 ft. 9 in. Codex Leningrad (Ihe odide Masoretic) Ndị JuuAsụsụ Hibru1010 OA6 cubits na oghere39 ft. 9 in. 
Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide Hibru ndị dị ugbu a dabeere na Masoretic Text (MT), ma ihe odide ochie, dị ka site na Symmachus, onye Juu sụgharịrị ihe odide Hibru gaa na Grik na 200s OA maka obodo ndị Juu na Sesaria, nke Origen zoro aka na kọlụm nke anọ nke Hexapla ma were ya na ọ bụ "proto-MT" (Vorlage to the fiMT) nakwa na Origen na kọlụm nke Greek. cubit na otu nhịahụ" [33] Billington na-atụ aro na "cubit 4 na otu span" dị na Septuagint na 4QSamª nwere ike ịbụ ntụgharị site na data MT nke cubit nkịtị (1 kubit ≈ 18 sentimita asatọ) gaa n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ site n'iji cubit ndị Ijipt eze (1 cubit = 20.65 inch). [34]

A na-eme atụmatụ na nkezi ịdị elu ụmụ nwoke na njedebe narị afọ mbụ TOA na Middle East na mpaghara Mediterranean dabere na ọkpụkpụ dị n'ili ụfọdụ dị ihe dị ka kubit 3.5 (ihe dị ka 150 cm ma ọ bụ 5 ft.) ruo ihe dị ka 175 cm.[16]  Ma ọ bụ mita 2 ma ọ bụ 3, okwu banyere ịdị elu Goliath mere ka ndị Izrel tụọ egwu ya n'ezie, ọ bụ ezie na n'isiakwụkwọ ahụ dum, ọ dịghị mgbe a kpọrọ Golayat dị ka "nnukwu"[36][37].  Otú ọ dị, Sọl, ebe ọ bụ onye toro ogologo n’onwe ya (ihe dị ka 6 ụkwụ ma ọ bụ 6 ụkwụ 6 sentimita), nwere nchegbu karị banyere ọzụzụ agha buru ibu nke Golaịat nwere (amaokwu 33: “Ọ [Goliath] bụ onye agha kemgbe ọ bụ nwata”; ọ dịghị mgbe Sọl kwuru banyere ịdị elu Golayat).[38]  Ya mere, ihe e ji kwusie okwu ike banyere ịdị elu Golayat n’akụkọ ahụ bụ na Sọl, n’ịbụ onye nwere ịdị elu pụrụ iche, ngwa agha na ihe agha n’etiti ụmụ Israel, kwesịrị ịbụ nhọrọ ezi uche dị na ya ịlụso Golayat agha, ma ọ na-atụ egwu kama ịnapụta Izrel.

 Amaokwu nke 5 

 O were kwa okpu-agha ọla n'isi-ya, o were kwa uwe-agha n'agha; ọtùtù uwe-ime ahu we buru shekel ọla nnù ise.

 Ejidere”: ya bụ, “e yikwa uwe agha a tụrụ atụ” [18] A na-ahụkwa okwu Hibru maka “okpu agha” (ko’ba), “okpu agha” (“eyiri uwe,” “yiri”; labash) na “uwe” (“ihe mgbochi ara”; shiryon) n’Aịzaya 59:17.[19][20]
 "Uwe nke mail": ma ọ bụ "akara nke akpịrịkpa," ụdị uwe elu, na-echebe azụ yana ara, nke e ji akpịrịkpa ọla mee ndokwa dị ka nke azụ, ma eleghị anya yiri corselet nke Ramesses III (ugbu a na British Museum).
 " puku shekel ọla kọpa ise": ihe dị ka kilogram 125 (57 n'arọ) [21] ma ọ bụ eleghị anya 157 avoirdupois (cf. Ọpụpụ 38:29). [190] O yikarịrị ka uwe nke Golaịat nwere ike 'echekwara dị ka trofio', dị ka mma agha ya), yabụ enwere ike ịchọpụta ogo ya. 

 Ọnụ ụzọ Devid si abanye n'ọgbọ agha (17:12-30) 
Akụkọ ahụ gbanwere site n’ọgbọ agha ahụ gaa n’obodo Devid nke nwere ozi kpọmkwem na Jesi, bụ́ nna Devid, esoghị n’agha ahụ n’ihi na o mere agadi, ma ụmụ ya atọ ndị kasị okenye so Sọl nọ n’ọgbọ agha. Mgbe Sọl na ndị agha ya nọ, O doro anya na a gbaghara Devid ịhapụ ozi ya ka ọ gaa na-abụ eze egwú, n’ihi ya, Devid laghachiri ilekọta ezinụlọ ya.  Ụbọchị iri anọ agafeela kemgbe e kpọkọtara ndị agha ahụ ma Goliath bu ụzọ pụta ịgba ndị Izrel aka.  Jesi nwere nchegbu banyere ụmụ ya, n’ihi ya, o kpebiri iziga Devid n’ọgbọ agha ka ọ bịa zie ha ozi ọma. Mgbe Devid doziri ilekọta ìgwè atụrụ ya ruo nwa oge, ọ gara n’ebe ndị agha ahụ mara ụlọikwuu, butere ụmụnne ya achịcha na chiiz nye onyeisi ha. Ozugbo Devid chọtara ụmụnne ya, ọ nụrụ aka Golayat mara ya, iwe kparịkwara Chineke ya iwe, bụ́ mmeghachi omume mere ka ọ dị iche ná ndị Izrel ndị ọzọ nọ n’ebe ahụ. Devid lere njakịrị Golaịat anya “usuu ndị agha Izrel” (17:10) dị ka ihe na-adịghị ala karịa ịgbachitere “ụsụụ ndị agha nke Chineke dị ndụ” (17:26) Mgbe ahụ, Devid nụrụ banyere ụgwọ ọrụ Sọl kwere onye ahụ ga-emeri Golayat (amaokwu 25), ọ nọkwa na-ajụ ụfọdụ ndị ka o jide n’aka na ozi a bụ eziokwu (amaokwu 26, 27, 30), ọbụna mgbe Elaịab, bụ́ nwanne ya nwoke nke tọchara, boro Devid ebubo na ọ chọrọ nnọọ ịga agha. a pụrụ ịrụ ụka na ọtụtụ ajụjụ Devid—mgbe ọ bụla na-akpata otu azịza—bụ n’ezie ka e bu n’obi ‘debanye aha ya n’akwụkwọ’ n’ebe ndị ahụ nọ dị ka ndị àmà ya maka ụgwọ ọrụ ọ ga-enweta mgbe o meriri n’agha ahụ.

 Amaokwu nke 25 

 Ndị Izrel wee sị, "Ị hụla nwoke a nke bịara? O doro anya na ọ bịara imegide Izrel. Eze ahụ ga-eme ka nwoke ahụ gburu ya baa ọgaranya nke ukwuu ma nye ya nwa ya nwanyị ma mee ka ụlọ nna ya n'Izrel tọhapụ".

 "Eze ga-eme ka nwoke ahụ baa ọgaranya": Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ afọ ga-agafe tupu Sọl enwee ike ịmepụta akụ na ụba site na onyinye nke ndị ya, ebe ọ bụ na oge Jese zitere eze achịcha ole na ole, akpụkpọ mmanya na nwa atụrụ (1 Samuel 16:20).  Poole na-ahụ nke a dị ka mmetụta na ihe ịrịba ama nke ọpụpụ nke mmụọ Chineke n'aka Sọl, na Sọl nọ na nsogbu achọghị ndụmọdụ Chineke, kama ọ na-atụ anya enyemaka n'aka ndị mmadụ naanị.
 "Ọ ga-enye ya nwa ya nwanyị": dị ka Keleb kwere nkwa inye nwa nwanyị n'alụmdi na nwunye nye nwoke nwere ike iburu Kirjathsepher (Joshua 15:16; Ndị Ikpe 1:12), mana mgbe e mesịrị Sọl yigharịrị imezu nkwa a nye Devid ma ọbụna tinye ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ (1 Samuel 18:17ff).
 "Meme ka ụlọ nna ya ghara ịkwụ ụgwọ": ọ nwere ike izo aka na onyinye ndị ezinụlọ niile nọ n'Izrel maka nkwado nke eze na ụlọ ikpe ya, dịka ekwuru na 1 Samuel 8:11-17 (NET Bible: "mee ka ụlọ nna nna ya ghara ịtụ ụtụ isi"). 

 Devid na Sọl (17:31-39) 
Mgbe akụkọ Devid na-ajụ banyere ụgwọ ọrụ ahụ ruru Sọl, eze kpọrọ Devid, mana o gosipụtara na ọ jụrụ ọdịdị Devid dị ka onye ntorobịa ịlụso Golaịat ọgụ, onye bụ "onye agha" (Hibru: 'ish milhamah) 'site na nwata ya'.[46] O doro anya na Sọl leghaara okwu ndị na-ejere ya ozi n'Isi nke gara aga anya, na Devid bụ "nwoke nwere obi ike" na "onye agha" (Hibru: 'ish milhamah; 1 Samuel 16:18).  Iji megide mgbagha Sọl, Devid kwuru banyere mmeri ya megide ọdụm na anụ ọhịa bea n'ọgụ dị nso, n'ekwughị aha ya, n'ihi na agha megide Golayat kwesịrị ịbụ "agha ndị agha".[46][51] Okwu Devid mere ka Sọl kwenye, onye kwupụtara na "YHWH ka ya na" Devid nọrọ (otu okwu ndị ohu Sọl kwuru banyere Devid na 16:18). [52]

Sọl chọrọ ịgbazinye ihe agha ya ka o yiwe Devid maka agha, na-atụ anya na ná mmeri ọ ga-enwe, ọ pụrụ ịnara ụfọdụ ibu ọrụ, ma mgbe ọ gbasịrị ha ule, Devid jụrụ iji ya n’ihi na ọ dịghị eji ejiji otú ahụ ahụ́, nakwa, dị ka e mesịrị gosi, atụmatụ agha ya agaghị achọ ihe agha ahụ.

 Agha Devid na Golaịat (17:40-54) 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|156x156px|Devid họọrọ nkume ise dị nro site na iyi ahụ. Akwụkwọ Nsọ nka, nke gụnyere Agba Ochie na Agba Ọhụrụ: nwere ọtụtụ ihe osise. London: G. Ndị ọhụrụ. 1896.
N'ime akụkụ atọ bụ isi nke ndị agha na agha oge ochie, "ndị agha" (ndị agha ji mma agha na ihe agha) na nhazi nwere ike wepụ "ndị agha na-agba ịnyịnya" (ndị agha na-agba ịnyịnya ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ịnyịnya) na pikes, ndị agha ịnyịnya nwere ike wepụ "ọgbọ agha" (ndị na-agba ụta na ndị na-agba ụta) site n'ọsọ ha na-emechi n'ebe dị anya, ebe ngwá agha nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa n'adịghị ka egwuregwu si n'ebe dị anya. 'akwukwo nkume', ya mere, ebe a, Devid họọrọ ịbụ onye na-atụ égbè megide Golayat bụ́ ndị agha na-agba ọsọ.

Devid were mkpara n’otu aka bịarute Golayat nso n’ọgbọ agha, nkume ise na-akwọ mụrụmụrụ nke a kpụpụtara ọhụrụ n’otu iyi dị n’ime ‘akpa onye ọzụzụ atụrụ’ ya, na èbè ya ‘n’aka nke ọzọ’ (17:40). [54] Mkpara ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndọpụ uche na-aga nke ọma site na èbè ya, n'ihi na Goliath hụrụ mkpara ahụ mgbe ọ kwara Devid emo maka ịbịakwute ya na "osisi" (17: 43). [54] Ọ bụghị nanị na e jara Devid mma n'ihi na ọ mara mma na obi ike, ma ndị ohu Sọl ghọtakwara nkà ikwu okwu Devid (16:18), bụ́ nke ọ Nkà ikwu okwu nke Devid (16:18), nke o gosiri n’oge a site n’ụzọ doro anya na nkà mmụta okpukpe na ike ịza nkọcha Golayat site n’aka chi ya nile. [54] Devid nwere obi ike na ngwá agha ndị kasị elu nke Golayat (mma agha, ube, ube: 17:45) agaghị ekwekọ na YHWH, bụ́ nke ga-egosi “mba nile na Chineke dị n’Izrel” (17:46) ma nyekwa ndị Filistia nile n’aka Izrel. [54] N’ụzọ dị iche n’Izrel jụrụ Chineke site n’ịrịọ ka eze duzie ya “dị ka mba ndị ọzọ nile” ( 1 Samuel 8:5 ), Devid kwupụtara na agha ahụ bụ nke YHWH, ọ bụghị nke ndị agha, ọ bụghị nke ndị eze, na-eweghachi YHWH dị ka onye ndú nke ndị Ya. [55] N'okwu Devid, Goliath gara n'ebe Devid nọ, ma jiri ngwá agha ígwè ya dị arọ nke dị ọtụtụ narị pound, ọ pụghị ijikọta ọsọ ọsọ nke Devid na ngwa agha dị ntakịrị, na mgbe Devid na-abịa ngwa ngwa na èbè n'aka ya, n'emeghị atụmatụ iji mkpara ya ma ọlị, ọ bịara doo anya na 'nkume ahụ na-akụ mkparị' (ọgbọ agha) David agaghịzi eme ihe agha. [56] Devid ji akọ gbaa n'egedege ihu Golayat, nke na-adịghị ekpuchi ya underdog. [56] Devid ji aghụghọ gbaa n'egedege ihu Golayat, nke na-ejighị okpu agha kpuchie ya, were nkume èbè ahụ jiri ike dị egwu mee ihe, ya mere nkume ahụ 'dara' n'isi Golayat na dike ahụ 'buru ụzọ daa n'ala' (17:49).[56] N'ejighị ohere ọ bụla na Golayat ga-eteta ọzọ n'oge na-adịghị anya, Devid wepụtara mma agha Golayat jiri ya gbupụ onye nwe ya isi. [56] Mgbe ndị Filistia hụrụ nke a, ndị Filistia niile gbapụrụ, ndị Izrel chụrụ, ma Devid weere ngwá agha Golayat dị ka ihe nkwata nke ndị mmeri n'ime 'ụlọikwuu ya' ọbụna na-atụ anya ibuga isi Golayat na "Jerusalem" (17:54; nke ikpeazụ ga-abụ n'ọdịnihu, n'ihi na n'oge ahụ Jerusalem ka nọ n'ebe ndị Jebus nọ; c5:5-9).

 Amaokwu 49 

 Mgbe ahụ, Devid tinyere aka ya n'ime akpa ya wee wepụta nkume; o wee tụba ya ma tie ndị Filistia ahụ n'egedege ihu ya, ka nkume ahụ wee daba n'egegedege ya, o wee daa n'ihu ya n'ụwa.

 "Tiri… n'egedege ihu ya": Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie, dị ka onye edemede Gris, bụ́ Thucydides, gbara akaebe na n'akwụkwọ ya bụ The Peloponnesia War, na-ekwu na e ji èbè gbubiri ndị agha Atens n'ugwu n'ugwu (na mgbalị a na-emeghị iji weghara Sicily), nakwa na Ndị Ikpe 20:16 nke ebo Benjamin kwuru.  nwere ike igba nkume n'isi ma ghara ileghara ya anya.

 Amaokwu 52 

 Ugbu a, ndị Izrel na ndị Juu biliri ma tie mkpu, ma chụsoo ndị Filistia ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ ndagwurugwu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá Ekron. Ndị Filistia merụrụ ahụ dakwara n'okporo ụzọ Shaaraim, ọbụna ruo Gath na Ekrọn.

 Gaa na ndagwurugwu": ma ọ bụ "gaa na ndagwurugwu"; Septuagint Grik sụgharịrị “gat” ikekwe site n’ihe odide Hibru nke na-agụ gath, kama ịbụ gai (“iyi ndagwurugwu”), ebe e kpọtụrụ Gat aha n’ahịrịokwu na-esonụ. [29] Vulgate Latin nwere "ndagwurugwu", ebe nsụgharị Syriac ghọtara ya dị ka 'ọnụ nke ndagwurugwu Ila'.
 “Ndị e merụrụ ahụ́ nke ndị Filistia”: Josephus dere na e gburu ndị Filistia puku iri atọ na ndị e merụrụ ahụ okpukpu abụọ. [30]
 “Shaaraim” bụ obodo e kenyere Juda (Jọshụa 15:36) na Shefila, ma ndị Filistia weghaara ya mgbe ahụ, [23] ugbu a bụ “Gwa Kefr Zakariya”, [31] ‘ugwu pụtara ìhè nke dị n’akụkụ ndịda nke isi ndagwurugwu’, n’agbata “Shuweikeh” (Sokohis) kpọmkwem, nke dị n’ahịrị Gaịth (Sokohis)—nke sitere n’okike nke okike. ndi Filistia b͕alaga. [5]
 “Ruo Gat na Ekron”; Josephus degara “n’ókè Gat, na n’ọnụ ụzọ ámá Ashkelon”, [30] bụ́ obodo abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ́ isi nke ndị Filistia. Dị ka Bunting si kwuo, nchụso ndị Filistia ruru na ndagwurugwu na osimiri Sorek nke dị kilomita anọ site n'ebe e gburu Golayat, wee ruo Ekron maịl asatọ; rue Ashkelon, orú mail atọ, ru kwa Gat, orú mail atọ. [32] “Gat” dị n'ọnụ ọnụ ndagwurugwu terebinth[23] (cf. Joshua.

 Nkwupụta mmechi (17:55-58) 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|150x150px|Devid na isi Golaịat n'ihu Sọl (1 Samuel 17:57-58), nke Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669).
Akụkọ ahụ lere anya azụ n’oge Devid na-achọ ịlụso Golayat agha, ma Sọl lere anya wee jụọ Abna, bụ́ ọchịagha ya, onye bụ́ nna Devid. [56] N'ileba anya, nke a yiri ka ọ na-emegide akụkọ ahụ dị n'isiakwụkwọ gara aga, na a gwara Sọl banyere Devid, nwa Jesi (16:8) ma ziga ndị ozi ugboro abụọ na Jesi (16:19, 22). [56] Otú ọ dị, kama inwe ike icheta ihe n'ihi ọrịa uche, ajụjụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egosi Abna iji nyochaa miri emi n'ime ezinụlọ Devid, o doro anya na n'ihe gbasara nkwa Sọl kwere maka ịhapụ ụtụ isi maka ezinụlọ nke onye na-egbu onye ukwu (17: 25), kamakwa n'ihe gbasara enyo Sọl enyo onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị enyi ya / ndị agbata obi ya ga-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ oge. [63] Ngwa ngwa n'oge Abna kpọtara Devid, ka na-ejidekwa isi Golayat n'ebe Sọl nọ, eze enyeghị ekele ma ọ bụ ekele, kama o lekwasịrị anya n'ajụjụ nke ezinụlọ Devid, nke gosiri na Sọl malitere ịhụ Devid dị ka onye iro.

 Hụkwa 
 Abinadab
Nri mmanụ

Betlehem

Eliab

Ẹpha

Efisdammim

Greve

Jesi onye Efrata

Ndi Israel

Ozi

Shaaraim

Shammah

Shekel

ebo Juda

 Akụkụ Bible ndị metụtara ya: Jọshụa 15, Ndị Ikpe 1, 1 Samuel 15, 1 Samuel 16

 Ihe edeturu 
a. ↑ Akwụkwọ 1 Samuel dum adịghị na Codex Sinaiticus. [13]

 Ihe odide 
1. Hirsch, Emil G. "SAMUEL, akwukwọ nke". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
2. Akwụkwọ mpịakọta osimiri ndị nwụrụ anwụ - 1 Samuel

3. 1 4051 na Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library

4. 1 1 Samuel 17:1

NKJV

5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Cambridge Bible maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji. 1 Samuel 9.

Enwetara 28 Eprel 2019.

6. Ọrụ Ụlọ ntu nke Conder, II. 160.

7. 1 1 Samuel 17:2 NKJV

8. Robinson, Bible, Res. II. 21.

9.11 Samuel 17:4 NKJV

10. ↑ "Akụkọ dị ogologo nke onye Filistia: ndị nchọpụta na-egwupụta nnukwu efere ọka Goliath". Akụkọ nke Sydney Morning Herald. Reuters.

Nọvemba 15, 2005.

11. ↑ Gwa es-Safi/Gath weblog na Mahadum Bar-Ilan; Maka editio princeps na mkparịta ụka miri emi nke ihe odide ahụ, lee ugbu a: Maeir, AM., Wimmer, S.J., Zukerman, A., and Demsky, A. (2008 (na pịa)). "Ihe odide mkpụrụedemede oge nke Iron Age I/IIA sitere na Tell es-Safi/Gath: Paleography, mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị, na mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme-ọdịnala". Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ America nke nyocha Oriental.

12. Vernet Pons, M. (2012). "Etymology nke Goliath na ìhè nke Carian Wljat / Wliat: atụmatụ ọhụrụ". Kadmos, 51, 143-164.

13. Rịba ama na 1 Samuel 17:4 na NET Bible

14. Rịba ama [b] na ESV

15. Huey, F. B. (1976) "Arọ na nha," Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible 5.914. apud Hays 2007, p. 509-510.

16. Archaeological gwupụtara n'ili eze nke ndị dike na Mycenae na-amịpụta nkezi ịdị elu nke 1.76-1.80 mita, ebe nkezi ịdị elu nke ndị ikom nkịtị n'otu oge ahụ, dabere na ọkpụkpụ ha, bụ 1.64 mita, ma na Aegean ma ọ bụ na Kenan. Margalith (1994) 'Ndị Oké Osimiri Na Bible', p. 49.

17.1 1 Samuel 17:5 M

18. Rịba ama na 1 Samuel 17:5 na NKJV

19. 1 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Barnes, Albert.

Ihe e dere na Baịbụl—1 Samuel 17.

James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Mbipụta, Grand Rapids: Akwụkwọ Baker, 1998.

20. 1 1 Samuel 17:5 Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru.

Biblehub

21. ↑ Rịba ama na 1 Samuel 17:5 na MEV

22. 1 1 Samuel 17:25 ESV

23.1 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Exell, Joseph S.;

Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Ndị ndezi). Na "1 Samuel 17". Na: Nkọwa Pulpit. mpịakọta 23. Mbipụta mbụ: 1890. Enwetara ya 24 Eprel 2019.

24. ↑ Poole, Matiu, A Commentary on the Holy Bible. 1 Samuel 17. Enwetara 22 August 2019.

25. ↑ Gill, Jọn. Ngosipụta nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ dum. 1 Samuel 17. E bipụtara ya na 1746-1763.

26.1 Halpern, Baruk (2001) "Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ nzuzo David. Mesaịa, ogbu mmadụ, onye sabo, Eze". Grand Rapids: Eardmans. p. 11; apud Evans 2018, p. 191.

27.11 Samuel 17:49 NKJV

28. 1 1 Samuel 17:52 NKJV

29. ↑ Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Nkọwa Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Ellicott maka ndị na-agụ Bekee. 1 Samuel 17. London: Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Ụdị ntanetị: (OCoLC) 929526708. Enwetara 28 Eprel 2019.

30. 1 30.0 30.1 Joseph. Akwụkwọ ochie nke ndị Juu 6. isi nke 9. nkeji. 5.

31. 1 31.0 31.1 Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. Nkọwa nke Agba Ochie (1857-1878). 1 Samuel 17. Enwetara 24 Juni 2018.

32. ↑ Bunting, Njem nke ndị nna ochie, wdg p. 128; apud Gill na 1 Samuel 17.

 Isi mmalite 

 Nkọwa banyere Samuel 
 Auld, Graeme (2003). "1 & 2 Samuel". Na James D. G. Dunn na John William Rogerson (ed.). Eardmans nkọwa na Bible. Eardman.
ISBN 9780802837110.
Bergen, David T. (1996). 1, 2 Samuel. Otu B&H mbipụta. 
ISBN 9780805401073.
Chapman, Stephen B. (2016). 1 Samuel dị ka Akwụkwọ Nsọ Ndị Kraịst: nkọwa nkà mmụta okpukpe. Wm. Ụlọ ọrụ Bipụta B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-1467445160.
Evans, Paul (2018). Longman, Tremper (ed.). 1-2 Samuel. Akụkọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Chineke. Zondervan

Ọmụmụ. ISBN 978-0310490944.

Gordon, Robert (1986). / & II Samuel, nkọwa. Paternoster Press. ISBN 9780310230229.

Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964). / & // Samuel, A Commentary (trans. si German 2nd mbipụta 1960 ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0664223182.

Tsumura, David Toshio (2007). Akwụkwọ mbụ nke Samuel. Eardman. ISBN 9780802823595.

 Isiokwu ndị akọwapụtara 

 Billington, Clyde E (2007). "Goliath na ndị dike Ọpụpụ: Olee otú Ha dịruru ogologo?" (PDF). 50/3: 489-508. : Akwụkwọ akụkọ chọrọ | akwụkwọ akụkọ = (enyemaka)  Hays, J. Daniel (2005). "Na-atụgharị uche n'ịdị elu nke Goliath" (PDF). Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Evangelical Theological Society. 48/4: 701-714.  Hays, J. Daniel (2007). "Elu Goliath: nzaghachi nye Clyde Billington" (PDF). Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Evangelical Theological Society. 50/3: 509-516.

 Izugbe 
 Breytenbach, Andries (2000). "Ònye nọ n'azụ akụkọ Samuel?". Na Johannes Cornelis de Moor na H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). Gara aga, Ugbu a, Ọdịnihu: Akụkọ Deuteronomistic na Ndị Amụma. Brill. ISBN 9789004118713.
Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Peme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, mbipụta 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Mahadum Oxford Press. ISBN 978-0195288810.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). Ntuziaka maka Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ na akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ya. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta.

ISBN 9780802862419.

Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley’s Bible Handbook: nkọwa Bible mbiri nkenke (nke 24 (nke edegharịrị) ed.). Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-25720-4.

Hayes, Christine (2015). Okwu mmalite nke Bible. Mahadum Yale Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.

Jones, Gwilym H. (2007). "12.1 na 2 Samuel". Na Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (mbụ (akwụkwọ azụ) ed.). Mahadum Oxford Press. 196-232 . ISBN 978-0199277186. Eweghachitere Febụwarị 6, 2019.

Klein, R.W. (2003). "Samuel, akwụkwọ nke". Na Bromiley, Geoffrey W (ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Eardman.

ISBN 9780802837844.

Knight, Douglas A (1995). "Isi nke 4 Deuterọnọmi na Ndị Deuteronomist". Na James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen na Kent Harold Richards (ed.). Nkọwa nke Agba Ochie. T&T Clark.

ISBN 9780567292896.

Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Qumran nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ: Ntụgharị na ụdị ederede. Brill.

Würthwein, Ernst (1995). Ederede nke Testament Ochie. Rhodes tụgharịrị ya, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B.

Eardman. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7.

eweghachite Jenụwarị 26, 2019.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Nsụgharị Ndị Juu:
 Shmuel I - I Samuel - Isi nke 17 (Judaica Press) . Ihe odide Hibru na nsụgharị Bekee [na nkọwa Rashi] na Chabad.org
 Nsụgharị Ndị Kraịst:
 Bible Online na GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 
 1 Samuel isi nke 17. Ọnụ Ụzọ Bible