Asụsụ Cayuga

Cayuga ( Cayuga:   ) bụ asụsụ Northern Iroquoian nke Iroquois Proper (nke a makwaara dị ka " Iroquois ise"), a na-asụkwa ya na mba isii nke Grand River First Nation, Ontario, n'ihe dị ka ndị Cayuga 240, na na Cattaraugus Reservation, New York, na-erughị 10.

Cayuga nọ n'ihe egwu dị egwu, ebe naanị mmadụ 115 nke ụmụ amaala na-akọ Cayuga dị ka asụsụ obodo ha na ngụkọ Canada 2021. Ndị Cayuga na-agba mbọ ime ka asụsụ ahụ maliteghachi.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Polytechnic Six Nations ewepụtala ngwa na iOS na mmemme ọmụmụ na Cayuga, Oneida, Mohawk na ndị ọzọ.

 Olumba 
Enwere opekata mpe olumba abụọ dị iche nke Cayuga. A na-asụ abụọ na mba isii nke Grand River dị na ndịda Ontario. Ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ "Seneca-Cayuga", ka a na-asụ na Oklahoma ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na 1980s.

A na-ejikọta olumba abụọ nke Cayuga na mba isii na ụlọ ogologo Cayuga abụọ, Sour Springs ma ọ bụ " Upper" Cayuga na " Lower" Cayuga . Amara ọdịiche dị n'etiti olumba abụọ a nke ndịda Ontario gụnyere usoro ụda olu abụọ. Na Lower Cayuga (LC) dị iche iche, n'okpuru *tj usoro elu dị ka /ky/, eg LC gyę:gwa' /kjɛ̃ːkwaʔ/ vs (UC) ję:gwa' /tjɛ̃ːkwaʔ/. Ihe ọzọ pụtara ìhè gụnyere ụkpụrụ metrik nke Laryngeal Spreading. N'okwu Cayuga dị ala, ụdaume ndị na-adighi agba na-aga n'ihu /h/ ma ọ bụ /ʔ/ ka ejiri ogo olu nke consonant na-esote kpọpụta. Ya bụ, a na-akpọ ụdaume ndị dị otú ahụ na ụdaume a na-atụgharị n'uche mgbe ha na-ebu ụzọ /h/ ma ọ bụ olu dị egwu tupu /ʔ/. Otu ihe atụ nke a pụtara na okwu maka 'iteghete' gyoHdo̜h [kjo̤htõh].

 fonology 

 Olumba ọgbara ọhụrụ 
Enwere ụdị Cayuga abụọ. Ndị nke Lower End nke mba isii na-asụ asụsụ Cayuga Lower Cayuga na Upper Cayuga si na ngwụcha elu. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na Lower Cayuga na-eji ụda  na elu na-eji ụda  . [ 3 ] Ọzọkwa, ịkpọ okwu dị iche n'etiti ndị na-asụ Cayuga n'otu n'otu na mmasị ha.

 Udaume 
Enwere ụdaume ọnụ ise na Cayuga, yanakwa ụdaume anọ ogologo, [ iː ], [ aː ], [ oː ], na [ eː ] . [ 4 ] Cayuga nwekwara udaume atọ etinyere imi, [ ɛ̃ ], [ õ ], na [ ã ] . [ 5 ] Ma [ u ] na [ ã ] bụ ụda dị ụkọ na Cayuga. Nke ikpeazụ abụghị ụda ụda, kama ọ na-adị elu n'ihi usoro ụda ụda nke nasalization, ebe n'okpuru /a/ na-aghọ [ ã ] mgbe ị na-agbaso ụdaume imi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ụda [ u ] na [ o ] eme ihe n'otu n'otu dịka mmasị ọkà okwu siri dị. Mgbe ogologo oge gasịrị [ eː ] na [ oː ], enwere ike ịnụ ụda [ n ], ọkachasị mgbe tupu [ t ], [ d ], [ k ], [ ɡ ], [ ts ], na [ j ] . [ 5 ]

Enwere ike iwepụ ụdaume dị ka [ V̥ ] n'ụzọ nkịtị, nke egosiri n'ọkpụkpụ nke e ji mee ihe na mba isii site n'igosi ha ike.
+Monophthong [ 6 ] N'ihu Azu Ọnụ ọnụ Ogologo imi Ọnụ ọnụ Ogologo imi Elu /i / ⟨ i ⟩ /iː / ⟨ i꞉ ⟩ N'etiti /e / ⟨ e ⟩ /eː / ⟨ e꞉ ⟩ /ɛ̃ / /ɛ̃ː / ⟨ ę ę꞉ ⟩ /o / ⟨ o ⟩ /oː / ⟨ o꞉ ⟩ /õ / /õː / ⟨ ǫ ǫ꞉ ⟩ Dị ala /ɑ / ⟨ a ⟩ /ɑː / ⟨ a꞉ ⟩ /ɑ̃ / ⟨ a ⟩ [  
/ɑ̃/ pụtara na naanị okwu ole na ole. /ɛ̃/ nwere ike ịkpọ [ʌ̃], na /õ/ nwere ike ịbụ [ũ].

 Ụdaume ogologo 
Ogologo dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ bụ naanị ya nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche abụọ dị iche iche pụtara na ibe ya. Ọmụmaatụ: [haʔseʔ] ị na-aga [haʔseː] igara [ 4 ]

 Udaume ewepụrụ 
Ndị na-esonụ bụ ụfọdụ okwu ndị na-egosi ihe ụfọdụ ụdaume na-ada mgbe ha na-ada tupu [h]. N'okwu dị ka , , , na , [ e ] na [ ẽ ] ewepụtara dị ka , na-ada dị ka okwu ntakwu [ j ], na [ o ] na [ õ ] e wepụrụ ka , na-ada dị ka okwu ntakwu [ w ] . Ọzọkwa, [ ã ] na  na  a na-agba ya imi n'ihi [ ẽ ] na [ õ ] . Consonant tupu ụdaume imi na-aghọ enweghị olu. [ 4 ] Ọzọkwa, ụdaume ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-esochi [ h ] na-ewepụ, ebe ọ bụdị ụdaume ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esochi [ h ] adịghị. [ 5 ]

 Consonants 
Dị ka asụsụ Iroquoian ndị ọzọ, Cayuga nwere obere ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.
+Consonants [ 7 ] Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal imi n ⟨ n ⟩ Plosive t ⟨ d, ⟩ k ⟨ g, ⟩ ʔ ⟨ ˀ ⟩ Mmekọrịta ts ⟨ j, ts ⟩  Nke na-ese okwu s ⟨ s ⟩  Na-aga n'ihu ɹ ⟨ ⟩ j ⟨ y ⟩ w ⟨ ⟩
Allophonic dị iche iche na-eme na Cayuga:

 /t/ becomes voiced [d] before sonorants. The sound [d] does not exist word-finally.[8]
 /k/ becomes voiced [g] before sonorants.
 /s/ becomes [ʃ] before /i/, /j/ or /ɹ/.
 /ts/ becomes [tʃ] when preceding front vowels /i/ and /e/, and as [dʒ] before sonorants. It can also be heard as [dz] and  freely before [a] and [o], respectively. Speakers may use [dz] and  interchangeably according to the speaker's preference.
 /w/ can be voiceless as [w̥] (sounds like  or [ʍ]).
 /j/ can also be voiceless [j̊] (sounds like ).
 /h/: 
 "A vowel devoices if the vowel and a following [h] are in an odd-numbered syllable."[8] For example: the [õ] in [8]
 The vowel is voiced when it and a following /h/ are in an even-numbered syllable and in "absolute word-initial position or in word-final position, or preceded by another [h]."[8] For example:  'tell her';  'she writes'[8]

 Ụda olu 
Ọtụtụ okwu nwere ụdaume ndị na-ada ụda, na-ebute ọkwa dị elu. [ 4 ] Ebe a na-etinye nrụgide na-adabere na "ọnọdụ nke okwu na nkebiokwu." [ 4 ] Ebe ndabara maka nrụgide maka aha dị na ụdaume ikpeazụ. "N'okwu ndị dị na njedebe nke ahịrịokwu, ụda olu dara na ụdaume ikpeazụ nke abụọ, ụdaume ikpeazụ nke atọ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ, na ụdaume nke anọ site na njedebe nke okwu." [ 4 ] Dịka ọmụmaatụ:


 'I just heard it'[9]

Ụda ndị a dị ogologo, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla nwere ọnụọgụ. Mgbe aha na ngwaa na-anọghị na njedebe nke akpaokwu, a na-etinye ụda olu na ụdaume ikpeazụ. [ 4 ] Ọmụmaatụ:


 'I heard it, I didn't see it'[9]

 Morphosyntax 
Cayuga bụ asụsụ polysynthetic . Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ Iroquoian ndị ọzọ, ndebiri ọnụ nwere nhọrọ prepronominal prefix, pronominal prefix (na-egosi nkwekọrịta), aha agbakwunyere nhọrọ, mgbọrọgwụ okwu, na mgbakwunye aspectal. Ndebiri aha aha nwere prefix nkwekọrịta (na-abụkarị neuter maka aha ndị na-abụghị nke nwere), mgbọrọgwụ aha, na suffix.

 Ihe ndetu 

 Ntụaka 






 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 



 Dyck, Carrie, Frances Froman, Alfred Keye & Lottie Keye. LIN 6050 Ọdịdị nke Cayuga. Ngwugwu nkuzi. . Nwada Memorial University nke NL na Woodland Cultural Center.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Cayuga: Ihe nketa Oral Anyị (COOL)
 Cayuga: Ihe nketa Oral Anyị (COOL)(Ọhụrụ)
 Cayuga na LanguageGeek
 Ohwęjagehká: Ha'degaénage: Cayuga
 Sgę́nǫ' Ga [ ? ] hnawiyo'geh! - Otu esi ekwu "ndewo" na Cayuga


 Ngwa OLAC n'ime yana gbasara asụsụ Cayuga
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Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations