Asụsụ Rotoka

Rotokas bụ asụsụ North Bougainville nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 4,320 na-asụ na Bougainville Island na Papua New Guinea .

Central Rotokas bụ ihe a ma ama maka obere ngwa ngwa consonantal fọnịm, enweghị imi phonemic, yana maka inwe ma eleghị anya mkpụrụedemede ọgbara ọhụrụ kacha nta.

 Olumba 
Dịka Allen na Hurd (1963) siri kwuo, e nwere olumba atọ amatara: Central Rotokas ("Rotokas Proper"), Aita Rotokas, na Pipipaia; nwere olumba ọzọ a na-asụ n'obodo Atsilima (Atsinima) nwere ọkwa edoghị anya. 

 fonology 
Olumba etiti Rotokas nwere otu n'ime ngwa ngwa ekwentị kacha nta n'ụwa.  : 271 Central Rotokas nwere ọdịiche ogologo ụdaume n'etiti ogologo na mkpụmkpụ,  : 273 mana ma ọ bụghị ya, enweghị njirimara suprasegmental pụrụ iche dị ka ụda, yana ikekwe nrụgide. 

 Consonants 
Ebe Central Rotokas nwere naanị ekwentị consonantal isii, Aita Rotokas nwere itoolu; Aita na-agbakwunye imi phonemic (dịka ọmụmaatụ nke a nke obere ụzọ abụọ,  '   vs.  '    : 208 ). Ngwa ahịa nwere oke n'olumba Central nwere ike ịmalite site n'ịkwatu ọdịiche ụda olu dị n'etiti imi na nke na-abụghị imi.  : 206 

Ọnụ imi dị na Aita na-adakọkarị plosive ndị a na-ekwu na Central (dịka "osisi" bụ  na Aita na  na Central  : 208 ), mana plosive ndị a na-ekwu na Central nwere ike ịdekọrịta ma ọ bụ imi ma ọ bụ plosive a na-ekwu na Aita.  : 207 

 Central Rotokas 
Consonants na-eme n'ebe atọ a na-ekwu okwu : bibial, alveolar, na velar, nke ọ bụla nwere ụda olu na ụdị dị iche iche na-enweghị ụda.  : 207 Igwe ụda olu atọ a nwere ụda olu nke ọ bụla nwere mgbanwe allophonic sara mbara, yana usoro allophonic ,  na  .  : 274 Nke a na-eme nhọrọ nke akara maka fọnịm dịtụ aka ike. :  207 

A naghị anụkarị imi imi. A ga-eji ha eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe ndị na-ekwu okwu na-agbalị ịkpọ okwu bekee (dịka "bye-bye" ka a na-akpọ  ), ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-agbalị iṅomi onye mba ọzọ na-asụ Rotokas (ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na onye mba ọzọ ejighị ya mee ihe).  : 274 
+Central Rotokas Bilabial Alveolar Velar Enweghị olu p t k Ekwuru b d ɡ

 N'afọ 1960,  akọwara dị ka  tupu  . :  274 Nnyocha e mesịrị na 2000s chọpụtara na nke a abụghịzi eziokwu, ikekwe n'ihi asụsụ abụọ juru ebe niile na Tok Pisin .  : 207 

 Aita Rotokas 
Olumba Aita nwere fọnịm consonant itoolu, nwere ọdịiche ụzọ atọ achọrọ n'etiti ụda olu, enweghị olu, na consonants imi.  : 207 
+Aita Rotokas Bilabial Alveolar Velar Enweghị olu p t k Ụda olu, ọnụ b d ɡ Ụda olu, imi m n ŋ

  varies between  and .: 207 
  is chiefly realized as .: 207 
  is  before .: 207 

 Udaume 
Udaume na olumba Central nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ, mana olumba Aita ọ dị ka enweghị oke ogologo.  : 209 
 N'ihu Central Azu Mechie i ( iː ) u ( uː ) N'etiti etiti e ( eː ) o ( oː ) Mepee a ( aː )

 Ọkpụkpụ 
Ọkpụkpụ nke Rotokas na-eji mkpụrụedemede 12 nke mkpụrụedemede Latin, na-enweghị ụda olu ma ọ bụ ligatures . Akwụkwọ ozi ndị a bụ a, e, g, i, k, o, p, r, s, t, u na v. Edere ụdaume ogologo dị ka okpukpu abụọ. Edere /t/ ka 
 tupu /i/, mana <t> n'ebe ọzọ. 

Edekwara Rotokas site na akara ngosi IPA maka fọnịm ya.  : 207 

Nchegbu eleghị anya ọ bụghị ụda ụda.  A na-emesi okwu ndị nwere syllable 2 ma ọ bụ 3 ike na nkeji okwu mbụ; ndị nwere 4 na-enwe nrụgide na nke mbụ na nke atọ; na ndị nwere 5 ma ọ bụ karịa na antepenultimate. Nke a gbagwojuru anya site na ụdaume ogologo, ma enwere ihe dị iche na iwu nke atọ n'etiti ụfọdụ ngwaa arụrụ. 

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

N'ụdị, Rotokas bụ a na-ahụkarị ngwaa-ikpeazụ asụsụ, nwere adjectives na ngosi nnochiaha na-ebute ụzọ aha ha na-agbanwe, na postposition na-eso ya. Ọ bụ ezie na adverbs nweere onwe ha n'usoro ha, ha na-ebute ụzọ ngwaa ahụ, dịka n'ihe atụ na-esonụ:


 Okwu okwu 
Ihe ndị bụ isi ahọpụtara na Rotokas: 

 Ihe odide ala ala peeji 
anya ọ bụghị ụda ụda. [1] A na-emesi okwu ndị nwere syllable 2 ma ọ bụ 3 ike na nkeji okwu mbụ; ndị nwere 4 na-enwe nrụgide na nke mbụ na nke atọ; na ndị nwere 5 ma ọ bụ karịa na antepenultimate. Nke a gbagwojuru anya site na ụdaume ogologoanya ọ bụghị ụda ụda. [1] A na-emesi okwu ndị nwere syllable 2 ma ọ bụ 3 ike na nkeji okwu mbụ; ndị nwere 4 na-enwe nrụgide na nke mbụ na nke atọ; na ndị nwere 5 ma ọ bụ karịa na antepenultimate. Nke a gbagwojuru anya site na ụdaume ogologo

 Ntụaka 


  (Unpublished manuscript)



  (Brief grammatical sketch)





Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations