2 Ndị Eze 19

2 Ndị Eze 19 1. Isi nke iri na itoolu nke Akwụkwọ nke Abụọ nke Ndị Eze na Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru ma ọ bụ Akwụkwọ nke Abụọ nke Ndị Eze n'ime Testament Ochie nke Ndị Kraịst. 2. Akwụkwọ a bụ nchịkọta akụkọ dị iche iche na-edekọ ihe omume ndị eze Israel na Juda site n'aka onye nchịkọta Deuteronomiiki na narị afọ nke asaa BC, yana mgbakwunye ndị e mere na narị afọ nke isii BC. 3. Isiakwụkwọ a na-edekọ banyere mwakpo ndị Asiria wakporo Juda n'oge ọchịchị Hezekaịa, bụ́ eze Juda, akụkụ nke akụkụ nke gụnyere 2 Ndị Eze 18:1 ruo 20:21, nwere akụkụ yiri nke ahụ na Aisaia 36-39.

 Ihe odide 
E dere isiakwụkwọ a na mbụ n'Asụsụ Hibru. E kewara ya na'amaokwu 37.

 Ndị akaebe ederede 
Ụfọdụ ihe odide oge ochie nwere ederede nke isi a na Hibru bụ nke ọdịnala Masoretic Text, nke gụnyere Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (narị afọ nke iri), na Codex Leningradensis (1008). [5]

E nwekwara nsụgharị n'asụsụ Koine Grik nke a maara dị ka Septuagint, nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga BCE. Ihe odide oge ochie dị ugA">B A nke nsụgharị Septuagint gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (B; 

 G 

 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} 

 B; narị afọ nke anọ) na Codex Alexandrinus (A; 

 G 

 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} 

 A; narị afọ nke ise). [6][a]

 Nnyocha 
Nke a bụ ntụgharị asụsụ: Akụkụ ikpeazụ nke isiakwụkwọ gara aga (2 Ndị Eze 18:17-37) na isiakwụkwọ a bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ banyere Eze Hezekaịa (2 Ndị Eze 18-20), na-elekwasị anya na Jehova napụtara Jerusalem site na mbuso agha Senakerib. [8] Ọ malitere na 2 Ndị Eze 18:13, bụ́ nke e jikọtara ya na afọ nke 14 nke ọchịchị Hezekaịa, ma gbasoo ụkpụrụ “akụkọ esemokwu amụma” nke gbara Senakerib, bụ́ nke ndị ọrụ ya bụ́ ndị nwara iyi Jerusalem egwu ịchịli elu, nọchitere anya ya, megide Hezekaịa na YHWH, bụ́ ndị Aịzaịa onye amụma nọchiri anya ya. [8][9]

 Ndị Asiria rutere Jeruselem (18:13-16) 
 B ndị ozi si Asiria na-agwa ndị mmadụ okwu (18:17-37) 
 C Hezekaya na-achọ onye amụma ma na-ekpe ekpere (19:1-5) 
 D Amụma Aịsaịa (19:6-7) 
 A' Ndị Asiria hapụrụ (19:8-9a) (ịgbaji n'ihe odide) 
 B' akwụkwọ ozi ndị Asiria degaara Jeruselem (19:9b-13) 
 C' Hezekaya zaghachiri site n'ịbanye n'ụlọ nsọ ahụ ikpe ekpere (19:14-19) 
 Amụma Aịsaịa (19:20-34) 
 A" Ndị Asiria hapụrụ kpamkpam (19:35-37) 

 Ọkà okwu mbụ nke Aịsaịa (19:1-8) 
Akụkụ a na-akọwa ihe Eze Hezekaịa na onye amụma Aịzaịa zara n’ihe Rabshake kwuru n’isiakwụkwọ bu ụzọ. N’ịbụ ndị chere mwakpo ndị Asiria ihu, Hezekaịa zipụrụ ndị ozi ka ha gakwuru Aịsaịa maka nduzi sitere n’aka YHWH. Azịza nke Aịsaịa malitere na “Atụla egwu,” sochiri nkwa ahụ bụ́ na YHWH ga-etinye mmụọ n’ime eze Asiria, mee ka ọ laghachikwuru Asiria mgbe ọ nụsịrị asịrị wee gbuo ya n’ebe ahụ. E dekọrọ amụma a dị ka o mezuru ná 2 Ndị Eze 19:8, 9a, 36-37 . Ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Ihe ndekọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ kwuru banyere ndị agha Ijipt mere ka Senakerib laghachi azụ, ebe ndekọ ndị Asiria (ANET 287) na-ahụkwa ọganihu ndị agha Ijipt na-aga n'ihu, na Senakerib na-azọrọ na ha meriri n'Elteke dị nso n'ókè ndị Filistia na Ijipt.

 Amaokwu nke 2 

 O zigara Aịsaịa onye amụma nwa Amoz, onye nọ n'elu ezinụlọ ahụ, na Shebna onye odeakwụkwọ, na ndị okenye nke ndị ụkọchukwu, ndị kpuchiri akpa.

 Amaokwu nke 7 

 [Ishaya kwuru na Onyenwe anyị kwuru:] "'Lee, m ga-etinye mmụọ n'ime ya, ka o wee nụ asịrị ma laghachi n'ala nke ya, m ga na-eme ka o jiri mma agha daa n'ala ya.'"

 "Mmụọ": site na Hibru: , ruakh, nwere ike izo aka na "onye ime mmụọ nke ga-achịkwa uche mmadụ" (cf. 1 Ndị Eze 22:19), ma ọ bụ "ọnọdụ nchegbu na egwu"; nke ọ bụla na-egosi ọbụbụeze Onyenwe anyị n'elu eze. 

 Amaokwu nke 8 

 Ya mere Rabshakeh laghachiri, wee hụ eze Asiria na-alụ ọgụ megide Libnah: n'ihi na ọ nụrụ na ọ hapụrụ Lachi.

Mgbe o weghaara Lachish, nnukwu obodo dị n'ógbè ahụ, Sennacherib wakporo obere ebe, dị ka Libnah, nke a na-akpọ 'Tell Bornat', 5 miles (8.0 km) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Lachish.[18]

 Akwụkwọ ozi Sennacherib na ekpere Hezekaya (19:9-19) 

Ndị Asiria ka nọ na Siria-Palestine, ọbụnakwa mgbe ha nụrụ akụkọ banyere mwakpo Taharqa, Sennacherib bịara nwee obi ike karịa Rabshakeh n'ịkwa YHWH emo ka ọ bụrụ otu chi ndị na-abaghị uru nke mba ndị ọzọ e meriri. Hezekaya yiri ka ọ dị nsọ karịa amaokwu:1-4, na-ekweta na YHWH bụ naanị otu nke dị, n'adịghị ka chi ndị ọzọ niile.[12]

 Amaokwu nke 9 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Shabti nke Eze Taharqa (Tirhakah).

 Eze ahụ nụrụ banyere Tirhakah eze Etiopia, sị, "Lee, ọ bịarutere ịlụ ọgụ". Ya mere, o zigara ndị ozi ọzọ na Hezekaya, na-asị,

 Ihe odide cross: Aịsaịa 37:9
 "Eze": okwu Hibru n'ezie pụtara "ya"; na-ezo aka na Sennacherib.
 "Tirhakah": nke a na-akpọ Taharqa.
 "Etiopia": Hibru: Cush.

Nelson na-atụ aro na onye na-akọ akụkọ na-eji mgbagwoju anya nke ngwaa Hibru shub mee ihe iji 'na-eme ka ndị na-agụ ya nwee esemokwu na-abịanụ, n'ihi na a ga-atụ anya na mgbe eze Asiria nụrụ "akụkọ" (maka Tirhakah), dịka e buru amụma, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ n'oge na-adịghị anya, mana, kama, ọ "otu ugboro ọzọ" (iji shub mee) zigara ndị ozi na Hezekiah.[23] Ya mere, ọ gaghị abụ 'iwepụ onwe ya n'ụzọ na-enweghị nsogbu' dịka ọ dị na 2 Kings 7:6–7:6-7, mana ọ ga-abụ mwepụ siri ike.[23]

 Ọkà mmụta nke abụọ nke Aịsaịa na nnwere onwe Jeruselem (19:20-37) 
Nzaghachi nke abụọ sitere n'aka Aịsaịa zuru ezu karịa nke mbụ ya, nke nwere amụma atọ na ozi Aịsaịa n'oge a: [24]

 na-ekwu okwu megide mpako Sennacherib na mpako dị ka chi, na 'ogologo uri mkparị' (amaokwu 21-28) 
 na-enye Hezekaya ihe ịrịba ama na okwu Chineke ga-emezu (amaokwu 29-31) 
 na-ekwe nkwa na nnọchibido ahụ ga-akwụsị dịka Chineke ga-eme ihe maka onwe ya ma ọ bụ maka Devid (amaokwu 32-34) 

Okwu ahụ nwere usoro ABCBA, nke nwere okwu mmeghe na mmechi ('ya mere Onyenwe anyị na-ekwu - Onyenwe anyị na'), nke nwere ozi dị n'etiti na mmesi obi ike abụọ na onye iro agaghị abanye n'obodo a: ngwá agha ya agaghị emerụ Jerusalem ahụ ma ọ ga-alaghachi na ọdịda.[12] A na-eche na amaokwu 34 bụ ntinye nke Deuteronomist (cf. 1 Ndị Eze 11:12-13). [12]

Abụ nke nlelị n'amaokwu 21-28 nke YHWH n'onwe ya na-ama eze Asiria aka maka arụmụka nkà mmụta okpukpe ya na-ezighị ezi:  [12][25]

 eze na-etu ọnụ banyere ike ya (amaokwu 22-24; cf. Aịsaịa 10:7-10) 
 ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ Chineke nyere ya (amaokwu 25-27) 
 ugbu a Chineke ga-ewepụ ya n'aka ya (amaokwu 28) 

Amụma ahụ malitere ozugbo: n'otu abalị, mmụọ ozi na-eweta ihe otiti gburu ndị agha Asiria 185,000 n'ogige ha (amaokwu 35), na-amanye Sennacherib ịlaghachi ma ghara ịlaghachi (amaokwu 36b). [12] E bibiri "ndị agha ukwu" (2 Ndị Eze 18:17) n'otu abalị, na-ahapụ ozu (cf. Ọpụpụ 14:30).[26] Ọbụna chi nke Sennacherib (pseudo-) "NIsroch" enweghị ike ichebe ya n'ụlọ nsọ nke ya (#Amaokwu 37).[26][27]
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ihe ncheta Davidka Mortar na Davidka Square (nke a makwaara dị ka Herut Square; njikọ nke okporo ámá Yafo na okporo ámá Nevi'im). Ihe e dere na nkume ahụ ("וגנותי על-העיר) sitere na 2 Ndị Eze 19:34, nke a sụgharịrị dị ka "N'ihi na m ga-echebe obodo a, iji chekwaa ya".

 Amaokwu 35 

 N'abalị ahụ, mmụọ ozi nke Onyenwe anyị pụtara ma gbuo mmadụ 185,000 n'ogige ndị Asiria. Mgbe ndị mmadụ bilitere n'isi ụtụtụ, lee, ndị a niile bụ ozu.

Akụkọ banyere mwakpo Sennacherib n'ime Juda kwadoro site na ụfọdụ isi mmalite na-abụghị Bible:

 Ndekọ ndị Asiria Akwụkwọ ndị Asiria, gụnyere prisms, cylinders, na ihe enyemaka sitere na Lekish n'oge Senakerib, dekọrọ mkpọsa ya. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ihe ndekọ ahụ ewepụghị nnukwu mfu nke ndị agha Asiria na Jerusalem ma dekọọ n'ụzọ doro anya nnọchibido Jerusalem n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Senakerib.[29] Akaụntụ Grik Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Herodotus (II.141) na-akọwa akụkọ ndị Ijipt banyere ụmụ oke na ogige ndị Asiria na-ata ngwa ngwa, na-ebute nnukwu mfu. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ a mere ka e bibie ya na Pelusium, ọ bụghị Jerusalem, ma na-akọwapụta onye iro ahụ dị ka Setos onye Ijipt, kama ịbụ Hezekaịa. Nkọwa nke ndị ọkà mmụta Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-akọwa ihe ndekọ a dị ka ihe nwere ike ime ka òké na-ebu ọrịa na-ebibi ndị agha Asiria. Akaụntụ ndị Juu Ihe odide ndị Juu dị ka Talmud nke Babilọn na-ekwu na mbibi ndị agha Asiria bụ ntinye aka dị nsọ (ifufe na àmụ̀mà). Flavius Josephus, onye Juu na Rom na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-ede na ihe otiti ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke Chineke zitere kpagburu ndị agha Senakerib, na-amanye ha ịla azụ.

 Amaokwu 36 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|225x225px|Ihe osise ndị dị na Lachish site na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obí eze Asiria na Nineveh, British Museum

 Mgbe ahụ Sennacherib eze Asiria hapụrụ ma laghachi n'ụlọ ma biri na Nineve.

Nke a na-egosi njedebe nke egwu ndị Asiria megide alaeze Juda, ọ bụ ezie na ndị Asiria kwuru na ha na-achịkwa Juda site na etiti narị afọ nke asaa BCE.[4] Sennacherib ji onyinyo nke mwakpo ya chọọ obí ya dị na Nineveh mma n'ezie, ọkachasị, mmeri ya meriri Lachi n'ihe osise nkume (Lachish reliefs, ugbu a na British Museum) ma kọwaa ọnọdụ obi nkoropụ Hezekiah, ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ a hapụrụ ya ndụ, n'ọtụtụ ihe ncheta mmeri (Sennacherib's Annals): [29]

 'N'ihe banyere Hezekaya, onye Juu, o nrubechighị n'okpuru yoke m, anọchibidoro m 46 n'ime obodo ya siri ike... N'onwe m mere onye mkpọrọ na Jerusalem, ebe obibi eze ya, dị ka nnụnụ n'ime ụlọ. M ji ihe ndị e ji ájá gbaa ya gburugburu iji metọọ ndị na-ahapụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá obodo ya' (ANET 288). '[38]

Sennacherib ekwughị na ya weghaara Jerusalem ma ọ bụ chụpụ Hezekaya n'ocheeze, ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka eze nke duziri nnupụisi megide alaeze ukwu Asiria, mana ihe ndekọ ya ka na-egosi ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka ihe dị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Asiria. N'aka nke ọzọ, ihe ndekọ Juda na-emesi nchedo nke YHWH ike na Jerusalem na ụlọ Devid (cf. Abụ Ọma 2, Abụ Ọma 46, Abụ Ọma 47, Abụ Ọma 48). [39]

 Amaokwu 37 

 Ọ bịara mee, ka ọ na-efe ofufe n'ụlọ Nisroch chi ya, na Adrammelech na Sharezer ụmụ ya ji mma agha tie ya ihe: ha wee gbalaga n'ala Armenia. Esarhaddon nwa ya nwoke chịrị n'ọnọdụ ya.

Dị ka ihe ndekọ ndị Asiria si kwuo, e gburu Sennacherib na 681 BCE, afọ iri abụọ mgbe mwakpo 701 BCE nke Juda gasịrị.

 "Adrammelech": A maara ya dị ka onye gburu nna ya Sennacherib n'akwụkwọ ozi ndị Asiria degaara Esarhaddon (ABL 1091), nke a kpọrọ ya Arda-Mulissi.
 "Armenia": ma ọ bụ Ararat.

 Hezekaya 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|100x100px|Ihe odide Cuneiform nke kwuru banyere ụtụ Ezezia zitere Sennacherib. Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Britain
: Ihe ndekọ ndị na-abụghị nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ kpọrọ Hezekaịa aha, tinyere ọchịchị ya na mmetụta ya. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọchịchị ya bụ ihe ama ama maka njikọta nke ọtụtụ isi mmalite Akwụkwọ Nsọ na ihe akaebe dị iche iche na-abụghị nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-akwadokarị otu ihe omume ahụ. Ihe ọmụma bụ́ isi banyere Hezekaịa sitere na Deuteronomistic History, Chronicler, Aịsaịa, ihe ndekọ ndị Asiria, akwụkwọ edemede nke Israel, na ihe odide ndị dị n’usoro.[1] Ihe mgbe ochie pụtara Ọkà mmụta ihe ochie bụ Amihai Mazar kọwara esemokwu Asiria na Judia dị ka otu n'ime oge edekọ nke ọma n'oge Iron Age, na-eme ka akụkọ Hezekaịa bụrụ nke kacha kwesị ekwesị maka mmekọ ya na ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ochie ndị ọzọ dị nso n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa.

A chọtawo ọtụtụ bullae nwere aha Hezekaya:

 bulla nke eze nwere ihe odide na mkpụrụedemede Hibru oge ochie: "N'okpuru Hezekaya  Ahaz eze Juda" (n'etiti 727 na 698 BCE).
 akara e dere ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ bụ́: "N'okpuru ohu Hezekaya"[the]

Ihe ndị ọzọ e ji mee ihe na-ebu aha "Hezekiah" gụnyere ite ndị LMLK na-echekwa n'ókè ya na Asiria "na-egosi nkwadebe nke ọma iji gbochie ụzọ Sennacherib nwere ike isi mee mwakpo" ma gosipụta "nchịkwa dị ịrịba ama nke obodo na obodo nke ga-eme ka ọ dịrị Ezezia mfe ibibi ebe ịchụ àjà n'ime obodo na nhazi ofufe ya na Jerusalem". Ihe akaebe na-egosi na e ji ha mee ihe n'oge ọchịchị afọ 29 ya  na Ihe odide Siloam. 

 Shebna 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|"Ihe odide Shebna" n'elu ihe ndina nke ili "Sebna-yahu", nke dị ugbu a na British Museum
A chọtara Shebna_inscription" id="mwAfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shebna inscription">ihe odide nwere aha "Shebnayahu" na lintel n'elu ọnụ ụzọ nke ili e gwuru na nkume nke na-egosi njikọ ya na Shebna, onye ọrụ ụlọ ikpe a kpọtụrụ aha na 2 Ndị Eze 18:18 na 2 Ndị eze 19:2.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|137x137px|Ihe osise nke nkume nke Sennacherib site na ala Ugwu Judi, nso Cizre.

Akụkọ Sennacherib nke Asiria, gụnyere mwakpo ya n'ime Alaeze Juda, ọkachasị mmeri nke Lachish na nnọchibido nke Jerusalem, edere n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ihe ochie oge ochie: 

 Ihe osise ndị dị na Lakis n'obí eze ya dị na Nineveh
 Prisms nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Asiria (Sennacherib's Annals) 
 Ihe ịrịba ama nke nnọchibido ndị Asiria gburugburu ebe Lachish oge ochie dị. na mgbidi ndị a na-ekpugheghị ekpuchi n'akụkụ ebe a na-egwu ala Tel Lachish, nke dabara na nkọwa ndị egosiri na ihe ndị Lakish.

 Ihe osise 

 Hụkwa 


 Akụkụ Bible ndị metụtara ya: 2 Ndị Eze 17, 2 Ndị Eze 18, 2 Ndị Eze 20, 2 Ihe E Mere 29, 2 Ihe E Mere 32, Aịsaịa 36, Aịsaịa 37, Jeremaịa 39

 Ihe edeturu 
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 Edensibia 

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 Njikọ mpụga 

 Nsụgharị Ndị Juu:
 Melachim II - II Kings - Isi nke 19 (Judaica Press) nsụgharị [na nkọwa Rashi] na Chabad.org
 Nsụgharị Ndị Kraịst:
 Bible Online na GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 
 2 Ndị Eze isi nke 19. Ọnụ Ụzọ Bible

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