Mary Anne Fitzgerald

Mary Anne Fitzgerald bụ onye nta akụkọ nke mba Britain, onye ọrụ enyemaka mmepe na onye edemede, nke a maara nke ọma maka akụkọ agha mba ụwa ya na mba Africa, na akwụkwọ abụọ na-aga nke ọma.

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Fitzgerald na South Africa. A kọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime ndụ ya na Nomad (1992), akụkọ ndụ ya banyere oge mbụ ọ biri na nchụpụ ya na Kenya, ebe o biri afọ iri abuo na abuo ma zụlite ezinaụlọ.[1] Na Nairobi, o muru ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ma kuchie nwa nwoke Samburu, gbaa alụkwaghịm, wee ghọọ onye nta akụkọ a ma ama na-ede akụkọ banyere ihe omume na mba Afrika, na-arụ ọrụ maka Financial Times, The Sunday Times ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ. Na mbụ, ọ kọrọ banyere akụ na ụba, mana ọ na-etinye aka na akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikpughe nrụrụ aka na mmegbu nke ikike mmadụ. O nyekwara aka guzobe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike n'ụlọ gọọmentị a na-ejighịzi eme ihe na Lesirikan, Samburu District, n'ebe ugwu mba Kenya. N'oge a, ọ zutere onye nchọpụta a ma ama Wilfred Thesiger, onye bi nso Maralal, mana na mbụ na-enweta oriri oyi. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ mechara bụrụ NGO ICROSS nke na-aga nke ọma, ọ guzobere SAIDIA mgbe ewepụrụ ya na ICROSS, nke dọtara otuto zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmemme ahụike ya.

Fitzgerald dọtara iwe nke gọọmentị Daniel arap Moi na oge afo 1980s. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ nwa oge n’afo 1987, n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ, maka obere mmebi ego mba ọzọ. E kwenyere na ebubo ahụ gbara akwụkwọ n'ihi na ọ kọọrọ The Sunday Times na nso nso a banyere mbupụ iwu na-akwadoghị site n'aka ndị mmekọ azụmaahịa India abụọ nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na Onye isi ala Moi, (K. Somaia na N.Merali, na-ebupụ kọfị Kenya site na ahịa ojii). Gọọmentị mechara jiri ikpe ya n'ụlọ ikpe mee ihe iji maa ntụkwasị obi ya dịka onye nta akụkọ akaebe. N'afọ 1988, o bipụtara otu isiokwu na The Sunday Times na-akọwa etu gọọmentị si jiri ndị ọka ikpe obodo Kenya mee ihe iji gbochie mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na otu nke a si mee ka mmegbu zuru oke na nke edere nke ọma.[3] Mgbe ọ laghachiri na ngwụcha oge afọ nke 1988 na Nairobi n'ụgbọelu si London, ndị uwe ojii nzuzo chụpụrụ ya wee chụpụ ya. Enweghị ụlọ ma ọ bụ ego, ma na-achọsi Kenya ike, ya na ụmụ ya nwanyị mechara biri na London. Ha na Kathy Eldon, onye bi na Kenya na nne onye na-ese foto Dan Eldon, bikwazi n'otu ụlọ n’oge ahu.

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ na-agagharị agagharị (n'okpuru), ọ laghachiri Kenya maka olili ozu Dan Eldon n’ onwa Julai nke afo 1993, oge a hapụrụ ya ọzọ ịbanye na mba ahụ. The Epilogue to Nomad (version nke 1994) kwuru na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịnọgide na obodo London. Ma na afo 1997 ọ rụrụ ọrụkwara ndiUNICEF oru na New York,  na edemede nke esere n’oge afo 2001 na The New York Times kwuru na ọ laghachiri Kenya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Africa maka NGO Refugees International.  O biputara akwukwo ozo banyere nkuchi ya nke nwa nwoke Maasai (My Warrior Son, 1998). Mgbanwe ya n'ụzọ site na ọrụ odeakụkọ gaa na ọrụ enyemaka mere ka ọtụtụ nkwupụta mgbasa ozi siri ike, akụkọ na isiokwu banyere nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Kenya na mba ndị agbata obi (nke edepụtara n'okpuru). N'oge afọ 2000, ọ gara Eritrea maka Refugees International iji nyochaa iwebata ụmụaka ndị agha, mgbe agha malitere na Etiopia - ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka na ndị agadi gbapụrụ na mwakpo ụgbọelu na artillery. N'oge afọ 2002, o bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Southern Sudan na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si n'ógbè ahụ bi n'ogige ndị dị na Kenya. Ọ ka nọ na bọọdụ nke SAIDIA na ACE Kenya.

 Ọrụ odeakụkọ 
Dịka onye nta akụkọ a ma ama na onye na-asụ Swahili ya na French nke ọma, mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n’oge afo1988, Fitzgerald nwere ike inweta ọrụ mgbasa ozi n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'Afrika na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. N'ịbụ onye maara Ethiopia nke ọma,  ọ kọrọ akuko n’onwa Jenụwarị nke afo 1990 site na mpaghara agha dị n'ebe ugwu ebe mmegide Tigray ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emebi ọchịchị obi ọjọọ nke Mengistu Haile Mariam, ọ gbanahụrụ bọmbụ ndị agha MiG nke gọọmentị gbara. Ọrụ ọzọ kpọgara ya Bangui na mba Central African Republic iji kọọ akụkọ banyere atụmatụ nchedo egwuregwu ọhụrụ na igbu ọchụ nke ndị na-achụ nta. E zigara ya na Liberia iji kpuchie Agha Obodo Mbụ nke Liberia na afo 1990. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ikpeazụ fọdụrụ na Monrovia tupu mwakpo ikpeazụ na igbu ọchụ, na-ahụ arụrụala ka Charles Taylor na Prince Johnson na-abịaru obodo ahụ nso na ndị agha nke Onye isi ala Samuel Doe gbalịrị iwepụ ndị mmegide site n'ikpochapụ agbụrụ ndị na-emegide. N'ịbụ onye ahụmahụ a tụrụ egwu, o mechara gaa ọtụtụ ebe, ma kọọ akụkọ site n'akụkụ Sahel, Ivory Coast na obodo Senegal, na ọzọ ya na Etiopia. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ulo oru Financial Times, The Independent, The New York Times na The International Herald Tribune .  N'ọrụ ya maka ndi Refugees International, ọ gara ọtụtụ ebe site n’oge afo 1998 ruo afo 2000 ma wepụta nkwupụta mgbasa ozi iji mee ka a mara nsogbu na-emetụta ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na obodo Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Angola ya na Southern Sudan.   [citation needed]

 Akwụkwọ 

 Akwụkwọ iji kwado mkpọsa nke Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Red Cross na Red Crescent iji mee ka echiche ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere nsogbu nke ndị agha metụtara.
 E bipụtaghachiri ya site na Viking na Penguin na 1993 na Picador na 1994. Ụdị 1994 bụ nke a kpọrọ Nomad: otu nwanyị njem n'ime obi Afrịka.
 Akụkọ banyere mbọ Fitzgerald gbara ịzụlite nwa nwoke Samburu, tupu achụpụ ya na Kenya.
 O nwere akụkọ zuru ezu banyere ntọrọ, ndina n'ike, nchụpụ na egwu nke ụmụ nwanyị agha obodo metụtara na Sudan. Ọ bụ Operation Lifeline Sudan kwadoro ya.


 Isiokwu na akụkọ 

 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 1998.Angola: ime udo bụ naanị ihe ngwọta . Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ mba ụwa 15 Disemba.
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 1998. Na-enyere 'Somalia' nke ọzọ aka - N'ebe ugwu, Somaliland na-emepụta ụzọ kwụụrụ onwe ya iji gbakee. Christian Science Monitor 28 Disemba.
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne na Shep Lowman. 1999. Ime ihe ike gbasara nwoke na nwanyị na ịtọrọ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka na Kakuma Refugee Camp. Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ 2 (115).
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 1999. Anyị na-agbachi nkịtị ruo mgbe anyị nwụrụ. Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ 2 (115) 
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne na Shep Lowman 1998. Chebe ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ ka ha na-achịkọta nkụ. The International Herald Tribune, August 27, 1998.
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 1998. Nkụ ọkụ, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na nhọrọ siri ike na Kenya. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 2000. Ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ nwanyị meghere na Kakuma Refugee Camp. 26 Eprel 2000. Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ Mba Nile
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 2000. Ịnwụ iji nọrọ n'udo: Wepụ ụmụaka na Kakuma. Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ Mba Nile
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 2002. African Medical and Research Foundation Annual Report, 2002. Nairobi: AMREF
 Fitzgerald, Mary Anne 2003. African Medical and Research Foundation Annual Report, 2003. Nairobi: AMREF

 Edensibia 

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