Asụsụ Caijia

Caijia ( Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nọ n'ihe egwu a na-asụ na mpaghara gbadoro ụkwụ na Bijie, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ógbè Guizhou nke China. Ndị nchọpụta China depụtara ya na 1980 nke mbụ.  Ndị ode akwụkwọ dị iche iche kọwapụtara ya dị ka onye ikwu Bai ma ọ bụ nkewa mbụ sitere na Chinese ochie . Aha njirimara bụ  . Dị ka Lu (2022), ndị na-asụ Caijia na Xingfa 兴发乡, Hezhang County na-ezo aka na asụsụ ha dị ka  . 

 Nhazi 
Myirịta dị n'etiti Old Chinese, Waxiang, Caijia, na Bai bụ Wu & Shen (2010)  na ndị ọzọ akọwapụtala ya.   Zhengzhang Shangfang (2010) rụrụ ụka na Bai na Caijia hibere otu obere Macro-Bai nke Sino-Tibet. 

Caijia na-egosikwa na ọ nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ Longjia na Luren,  mana edebeghị ha nke ọma maka nhazi ọkwa.

N'ụzọ dị iche, Sagart (2011) otu Caijia na Waxiang, ụdị dị iche iche nke China na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Hunan,   dị ka ndị mbụ kewapụrụ na Chinese ochie .  Sagart (2011) depụtara atụmatụ ndị a nke Chinese ochie nke Caijia na Waxiang debere:

 OC *lˤ- na *lr-> Caijia na Waxiang l- (ebe Middle Chinese nwere d-), dị ka ọ dị na OC *lˤiŋ (田) > Caijia , Waxiang  'ubi'
 OC *r- > Caijia ɣ- na Waxiang z- (ebe Middle Chinese nwere l-), dị ka ọ dị na OC *mə.rˤək (來) > *rˤə > Caijia , Waxiang  'ịbịa'

 'abụọ': Caijia , Waxiang , sitere na OC *tsˤə(ʔ) -s 'ugboro abụọ' (再)
 'mmiri ara ehi': Caijia , Waxiang , nke Sagart (2011) na-atụ aro bụ okwu na-abụghị nke Sinitic

 Nkesa 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Mpaghara Bijie n'ime mpaghara Guizhou, China
Bijie (1983)  na-akọ na a na-ahụ ndị Caijia na mpaghara asaa nke Bijie prefecture - Qixingguan, Dafang, Qianxi, Zhijin, Nayong, Weining, na Hezhang - gụnyere ngụkọta nke ezinụlọ 3,100 na ihe karịrị mmadụ 18,000. Bijie (1983) na-akọ na a na-ahụ obere ndị Caijia na Anshun (nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ 400) na Liupanshui (nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,500) mpaghara (nke dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'otu n'otu), yana Zhaoyang, Yiliang, na mpaghara Zhenxiong dị na Zhaotong nke dị n'ebe ugwu). Bijie (1983) nwekwara data asụsụ maka asụsụ Caijia nke Ógbè Hezhang.

A na-ekesa ndị na-ekwu okwu Caijia n'ebe ndị a na mpaghara Bijie (Bo Wenze 2004). 

 Lijiazhai 李家寨, Xinying Village 新营村, Xingfa Township 兴发乡, Hezhang County
 Caijiayuan 蔡家园, Yakou Village 垭口村, Songlinpo Township 松林坡乡, Hezhang County
 Lijiagou 李家沟, Kele Township 可乐乡, Hezhang County
 Obodo Xinfa 新发布依族乡, Weining County (ka a ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya na Xingfa Township 兴发乡 na Hezhang County)

Mpaghara Yinajia 以那架区 nwere agbụrụ Caijia kacha na mpaghara Zhijin. Bijie (1983)  na-akọkwa ebe Baiyanjiao 白岩脚, Puweng Township 普翁公社, Guiguo District 桂果区, Zhijin County.

Liupanshui City Ethnic Gazetteer六盘水市志：民族志 (2003:182–183)  depụtara agbụrụ Caijia maka mpaghara ndị a na prefecture, yana ngụkọta nke 4,061 (1982):

 Liuzhi : 1,720 (1981), na Niuchang 牛场, Xinchang 新场, Heitang 黑塘
 Shuicheng : 2,296 (1982), na Bide 比德, Huale 化乐, Qinglin 青林, Jinpen 金盆
 Mpaghara Zhongshan : na Dewu 德坞乡

Na mpaghara Shuicheng, a ka na-asụ asụsụ Caijia na:

 Chahe 叉河, Jinpen Township 金盆乡
 Caijiapo 蔡家坡, Tujiao Township 土角乡
 Caijiayuan 蔡家园, Shuchang Township 鼠场乡

Na mpaghara Zhenxiong, Yunnan, ndị Caijia gbasasịa na ụyọkọ obodo Sumu 苏木村,   na na Chuanjiu 串九,  Qinggang 青杠,   Liangshui 凳 凳  Nantai 南台, Wugu 五谷 ( Zhenxiong County Gazetteer 1986). 

 fonology 
Lee (2021)  na-enye consonants na ụdaume ndị a maka phonology nke Caijia:
+Udaume N'ihu Ebe etiti Azu Mechie /ɪ / ⟨ i ⟩ /y / ⟨ yu-/-ü ⟩ /ị / ⟨ ⟩ N'etiti /e / ⟨ e ⟩ /ə / ⟨ e ⟩ /o / ⟨ o ⟩ Mepee /æ / ⟨ ae ⟩ /ɑ / ⟨ a ⟩
Lee (2021) kwukwara na ụdaume nwere ike inwe ụdị atọ ọzọ: ogologo ⟨ (akwụkwọ ozi abụọ) ⟩, imi ⟨ -nn ⟩, na agba r ⟨ ⟩ . N'agbanyeghị na isi mmalite na-ese okwu, consonants nwekwara ike ịbụ glottalized ma ọ bụ pharyngealized, nke n'ime ha abụọ amabeghị n'ezie. A na-eche na ejiri akara IPA ha nwere akara nke a.

 Olumba 
Guizhou (1982) depụtara olumba abụọ ndị a nke asụsụ Caijia.  Olumba Caijia edere na Guizhou (1982) bụ nke Yangjiazhai 杨家寨, Liangyan Village 亮岩公社, Xingfa District 兴发区, Hezhang County .

 Xingfa District 兴发区, Hezhang County: Liangyan Village 亮岩公社 (gụnyere isi datapoint nke Yangjiazhai 杨家寨), Yeli Village 野里公社, na Wocun Village 窝皮寸
 Kaiping Village 开坪公社, Longchang District 龙场区, Weining County (nke dị nso na obodo Xinfa 新发布依族乡)

Guizhou (1982)  kwuru na - an rime na Caijia nke Xingfa 兴发 kwekọrọ na -aŋ rime na Caijia nke Longchang 龙场.

Hsiu (2018)  na-akọ nchoputa nke olumba Caijia edebeghị akwụkwọ na mbụ nke a na-asụ na Niujiaojing 牛角井村, Yangjie Town 羊街镇, Weining County. A na-asụkwa olumba Caijia n'ime ime obodo Xinglongchang 兴隆场村, Niuchishui 牛吃水, na Fadi 发地.

 Aha na ngalaba agbụrụ 
Ndị Caijia na ndị Lu (卢) metụtara agbụrụ dị iche iche, ndị gọọmentị China kewara dị ka Manchu. Luren (Lu) na Caijia nwekwara njikọ chiri anya na Longjia (龙家).  Caijia, Longjia, na Lu na-asụcha n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Guizhou .

Na Weining County, ndị ọchịchị China na-ekewa ndị na-asụ Caijia dị ka agbụrụ Gelao (Hsiu 2017), ebe na Hezhang County, a na-ekewa ha dị ka Bai (Bo 2004).

A kọwokwa ndị Caijia nwere aha "Menni" (门尼 ma ọ bụ 门你) na Puding County, Guizhou, ebe ekesara ha dị ka agbụrụ Gelao n'oge 1980s (Zhou Guoyan 2004).

Na mpaghara Zhijin, Guizhou, ndị Caijia ka a na-akpọ Silie 斯列 site n'aka ndị Miao na Awuna 阿乌纳 site na mpaghara Yi ( Zhijin County Gazetteer 1997:166).

Mpaghara agbụrụ nke ndị Caijia gụnyere Black 黑, White 白, Qingshangshui 青上水, Xiashui 下水, Hanzhan 捍毡, Zhuazhua 抓抓, Datou 大头, Qianqiaoba 乾Luoluo 倮倮, Xuejiao 削角 (Xieguo 写果), na Jiandao 剪刀. 

Aha ndị edekọtara na Caijia n'akụkọ ihe mere eme gụnyere Caijiazi 蔡家子 na Gantan Caijia 擀毡蔡家.  Ndị Yi na-akpọ Caijia "Sha'awu 沙阿乌", ndị Miao na-akpọ ha "Sini 斯你",  na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-akpọkwa ha "Xieguo 写果". 

Bijie (1983:2–3)  depụtara aha onwe na nkọwapụta ndị a maka ndị Caijia.

 Autonym: Menni 门你 ( IPA :  )
 Yi (na Dafang County na Zhijin County ) exonym: Xieguo, Awuna 阿武哪
 Yi (na Shuicheng County ) exonym: Awuna 阿乌纳
 Yi (na Weining County na Weining County ) exonym: Awu 阿武
 Miao (na Weining County na Weining County ) exonym: Awu 阿乌
 Miao (na Nayong County ) exonym: Sinie 斯聂
 Shui (na Puding County na Zhijin County ) exonym: Louman 楼慢
 Buyi exonym: Buman 布慢
 Buyi (na Weining County ) exonym: Bu'awu 布阿武

Lü (2022) bụ ụtọ asụsụ Caijia zuru oke. 

 Hụkwa 

 Ndepụta agbụrụ nke Guizhou na-amaghị ama
 Ndi Longjia
 Ndị mmadụ Qixingmin
 Ndi mmadu (China)
 Ndepụta mkpụrụokwu Macro-Bai (Wiktionary)

 Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20110512204947/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Caijia.htm
 Bo Wenze [薄文泽]. 2004. "Mmebata dị mkpirikpi nke okwu Caijia [蔡家话概况]". Minzu Yuwen . http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_mzyw200402012.aspx

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ọkwa agbụrụ Bijie Prefecture [贵州省毕节地区民族识别办公室]. 1983. "Caijia" minzu chengfen diaocha baogao ["蔡家"民族成分调查报告]. ms
 Kọmishọna nhazi ọkwa agbụrụ Guizhou, ngalaba asụsụ [贵州省民族识别工作队语言组]. 1982. Asụsụ nke Caijia [ Caijia de yuyan蔡家的语言]. ms
 Kọmishọna nhazi ọkwa agbụrụ Guizhou Provincial [贵州省民族识别工作队]. 1984. Akuko banyere okwu gbasara nhazi nke agbụrụ nke ndị Nanlong (Nanjing-Longjia) [南龙人（南京-龙家）族别问题调查报告]. ms
 Hụ, Andrew. 2013. Asụsụ Tibeto-Burman ọhụrụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ China: Mondzish, Longjia, Pherbu, na ndị ọzọ . Enyere ya na ICSTLL 46, Dartmouth College. doi : 10.5281/zenodo.1127796
 Hụ, Andrew. 2018. Olumba Niujiaojing nke Caijia na Weining County, Guizhou, China . Ihe odide ederede. doi : 10.5281/zenodo.1249165

 Lee, nwoke Hei. 2021. Ihe mgbakwunye: Ndepụta echiche Sagart 250 maka Caijia (Ntọala data) . N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ nke asụsụ akụkọ ihe mere eme (1.0). doi : 10.5281/zenodo.5544121
 Zhao Weifeng [赵卫峰]. 2011. Akụkọ banyere ndị Bai nke Guizhou [贵州白族史略]. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社]. ISBN 978-7-227-04678-3

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ndị Caijia 
 沅陵乡话（船溪）与白语蔡家话个别读音对比
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations