Asụsụ Tima

Aha Asụsụ [ 3 ] 
Aha asụsụ ahụ sitere na otu n’ime aha obodo a na-asụ Tima: tɨmmʌ. Ndị mmadụ bi nso na-ejikarị ya eme ihe mana ha esoghị na Tima-Community na n'asụsụ asụsụ. Site na ihe a maara banyere aha a, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma na ya.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị aha 'Tima' eme ihe, ndị na-asụ obodo na-ezo aka na Tima dị ka 'du-murik'.

Aha ndị ọzọ ejiri maka asụsụ a bụ Lomorik, Tamanik na Yibwa.

 Ndị na-asụ obodo [ 4 ] 
A na-asụ Tima n'ime obodo ole na ole dị na Central Sudan, na mpaghara dị n'etiti obodo Katla na Lagawa, na gburugburu Jebel Hill na ugwu Nuba . A na-ekwu na mpaghara a nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo nwere ihe dị ka ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise nke ndị na-asụ Tima niile, n'agbanyeghị na ọ siri ike ikwu ma ọ bụrụ na ebe a enyerela aka ziri ezi ruo taa. Ndị na-asụ obodo na-akpọ ebe obibi ha 'lu-murik' na onwe ha 'i-murik' n'ụdị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ 'ko-murik' n'ụdị otu.

 Nhazi okwu [ 5 ] 
Okwu Tima nwere ọtụtụ mgbakwunye. A na-eji prefixes aha aha dị ka ihe ngosi nke klaasị aha na ọnụọgụ aha.

E nwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke suffixes nke dịka ọmụmaatụ na-eme dị ka ụfọdụ ngwaa ndọtị.

A na-eji ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eme ihe, mgbe e kwuru na omume ga-eme n'ezie n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe oge okwu gasịrị.

A na-eji akara 'dV-' a na-emebu na ngwaa ebe a, mana n'adịghị ka ọdịnihu na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ejighị ihe nrịbama 'c-' ezughị okè.

Ọ dịkwa ike iji ihe dị ugbu a mee ihe mgbe a na-ekwu maka ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ihe gbasara nkwupụta ahụ dị ezigbo mkpa na nke a n'ihi na ọ ga-akọwa na ọdịnihu doro anya pụtara, ọ bụrụgodị na a na-eji ihe dị ugbu a eme ihe. N'okwu a, a naghịzi eji morpheme eme ihe n'ọdịnihu. Iji mee ka akụkụ a na-emebu pụta ìhè, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ngwa ngwa 'ʈɔʈɔk'.

Iji mesie eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji ọdịnihu eme ihe, ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ na a na-agbakwunye adverbials.

 Dịka ọmụmaatụ
 'batɪn'    = na-abịa ọzọ
 'kʊhnaŋ'    = ugbu a / naanị

Enwekwara ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ọdịnihu a kapịrị ọnụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya na otu ọnọdụ ọnọdụ.

 Nsogbu na-abụghị Ọdịnihu 
A na-ejikarị ọnọdụ a eme ihe maka ọnọdụ niile na-abụghị n'ọdịnihu, ya bụ ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga, ihe omume izugbe ma ọ bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu.

Ọ bụrụ n’ịtụle ngwaa n’ọdịnihu na nke na-abụghị n’ọdịnihu, ọ nweghị akara doro anya maka ihe na-abụghị ọdịnihu ebe akara ‘dV-’ ga-abụ n’ọdịnihu, mana kama enwere akara isiokwu iji na ngwaa, nke dị iche maka oge ọ bụla na-abụghị ọdịnihu.

 Oge gara aga 
Dị ka ekwuru n'elu, oge gara aga bụ ihe na-enweghị akara na ọdịdị ya na enwere ike ịmata ya na ihe ndị ọzọ site na akara isiokwu. Enwere akara proclitic n'agbanyeghị, nke na-ejikọta ya na onye nrịbama na ngwaa ahụ, nke na-egosi oge gara aga:

 SG ‘a-‘
 PL ‘i-‘

Nke a na-ebute morpheme nke na-ejide ozi gbasara ihe ahụ na isiokwu.

Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti Ochie gara aga na Remote gara aga, nke a ga-akọwawa ya n'okpuru.

 Na nso nso a gara aga 
Oge gara aga na nso nso a bụ nsogbu, ejiri ma ọ bụrụ na ekwuru ihe omume gara aga ka na-ejikọta ya na oge ugbu a. Iji mee akara n'ọgba aghara a, ejiri otu akara isiokwu jikọtara 'a-' (sg.) na 'i-' (pl.) gara aga. Ihe nrịbama gara aga si ebe a na-ebute akara onye:
 morpheme dị iche iche portmanteau morpheme 1SG a+iŋ ɛŋ 2SG a+a aa 3SG a+ŋ aŋ 1PL . INCL a+i ɛɛ 1PL . EXCL a+i ɛɛ 2PL ai ɛ 3PL a ŋ aŋ
[10]

Nke na-ebute mkpụrụokwu dị ka nke a, dịka:

 2SG      'aa-kumun-ŋaŋ'      =you found it

Iji mesie njikọ dị n'etiti oge gara aga na nke ugbu a n'ọgba aghara a, ma ọ bụ okwu mgbasa ozi na-ejikarị eme ihe ma ọ bụ tinye otu akụkụ akara '-ataŋ' na njedebe nke ngwaa-mgbọrọgwụ.

 Ogologo oge gara aga 
Oge gara aga ma ọ bụ izugbe gara aga na-akọwa ihe mere ogologo oge gara aga site na oge okwu. Dị ka ọ dị n'oge gara aga, a na-ejikọta akara ngosi proclitic oge gara aga na akara isiokwu mana ọ dị iche karịa nke gara aga.

Dabere n'usoro ahịrịokwu ahụ, akara 1sg isiokwu proclitic bụ 'uŋ-' (SVO) ma ọ bụ 'iŋ-' (OSV).

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-ezighi ezi na-adị na njikọta na ikpe ziri ezi. Ebe a na-eji akara 'nʌ' onye ahụ, mana ọ nwere ike ịgbanwe dabere na ngwaa na nkwenye ya na mmalite nke mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa.

 Nsogbu dị ugbu a 
A na-eji oge a kọwaa ihe na-eme n'oge a na-ekwu okwu, ya bụ maka ịkọwa ihe na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-emekarị.

A na-eji akara 'cV-' na-aga n'ihu ebe a, mana ụdị ya dabere na akara isiokwu nke ngwaa ọ bụla. Nke a na-ebute n'ahịrịokwu a na-atụgharị ya ka ọ na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-emekarị.

Maka ịkọwa usoro ma ọ bụ kwupụta ahịrịokwu, akara na-aga n'ihu na-ada kpam kpam ma naanị akara isiokwu na ngwaa-mgbọrọgwụ ka a na-eji.

 Ọnụọgụ [ 11 ] 
Usoro ngụkọ n'asụsụ Tima na-arụ ọrụ na prefixes abụọ dị iche iche .

Ewezuga usoro a bụ nọmba 1. Akara ya na nganiihu 'a-/ʌ-'.

Maka ọnụọgụgụ 2 ruo 10, a na-eji prefix 'ɪ-/i-' ma ọ na-egosi otu ọnụọgụgụ ndị ahụ.

Nọmba ndị a sitere na 11 ruo 19 nwere aha ndị sitere na nchikota nke aha sitere na nọmba 1 ruo 9 gbakwunyere prefix 't̪a-'. Nke a yikarịrị ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ "site na 10 gaa n'ihu" ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka "gbakwunyere".
+[12]base numeral+10 × 101a-tɪɪn11ta-tɪɪn10ɪ-hɪdakʊn2ɪ-hɪɪk12ta-hɪɪk20i-hʌdʌkun ɪhɪɪk3ɪ-hwaay13ta-hwaay30i-hʌdʌkun ɪhwaay4ɪ-halɘm14ta-halɘm40i-hʌdʌkun ɪhalɘm5i-duliin15ta-duliin50i-hʌdʌku idulii6ɪ-nt̪ɘdakwalɔɔŋ16ta-nt̪ɘdakwalɔɔŋ60i-hʌdʌku int̪ɘdakwalɔɔ7ɪ-ntatɪŋɛɛl17ta-ntatɪŋɛɛl70i-hʌdʌku intatɪŋɛɛ8ɪ-nt̪ɪŋɛrɛɛy18ta-nt̪ɪŋɛrɛɛy80i-hʌdʌku int̪ɪŋɛrɛɛ9ɪ-nt̪ahʌdʌkun19ta-nt̪ahʌdʌkun90i-hʌdʌku int̪ahʌdʌku10ɪ-hɪdakʊn20i-hʌdʌkun ɪhɪɪk100i-hʌdʌku ihʌdʌku

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 


 Ntụaka 
Hadiyya nwere usoro zuru ezu maka akara aha, nwere ihe dị ka isi okwu itoolu: absolutive (ụdị isi), nominative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, instrumental, comitative, and similative . A na-eji absolutive mee ihe maka isiokwu dị n'ahịrịokwu na ihe dị mfe mgbe isiokwu ahụ na-eme ihe. Ọ bụrụ na aha bụ ihe doro anya, a na-agbakwunye suffixes kpọmkwem iji gosi ọrụ ya n'ahịrịokwu ahụ, ebe aha na-enweghị njedebe na-anọgide na-enweghị akara n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Arụmọrụ akwụkwọ asụsụ Tima
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations