Asụsụ Iu Mien

Asụsụ Iu Mien ( Iu Mien  ,  ; Chinese or; Thai   ) bụ asụsụ ndị Iu Mien na-asụ na China (ebe a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị mejupụtara ndị Yao ), Laos, Vietnam, Thailand na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, United States na mba ọzọ. Dị ka asụsụ Mien ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ ụda ụda na monosyllabic .

Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na China na-ewere olumba a na-asụ na Changdong, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi ka ọ bụrụ ọkọlọtọ. Iu Mien na-asụkwa ọkọlọtọ a na West, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị si Laos gbara ọsọ ndụ, olumba ha na-agụnye mmetụta sitere na asụsụ Lao na Thai. 

Iu Mien nwere 78% myirịta lexical na Kim Mun (Lanten), 70% na Biao-Jiao Mien, na 61% na Dzao Min . 

 Nkesa ala 
Na China, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara ndị a (Mao 2004: 302–303).  Enwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 130,000 na mpaghara Hunan, yana ndị na-ekwu okwu 400,000 na Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou na Jiangxi .

 Guangxi : Yangshuo , Lingui, Guanyang, Ziyuan, Xing'an, Longsheng, Gongcheng , Yongfu, Luzhai, Lipu, Mengshan, Pingle, Jinxiu, Yishan, Rong'an, Rongshui, Luocheng , Shang'an, Napo, Lingyun, Tianlin, Cangwu, Hezhou, Fuchuan, Zhaoping, Fangcheng, Shangsi
 Guangdong : Yingde, Lechang, Shixing, Qujiang, Renhua, Wengyuan, Ruyuan, Liannan, Lianshan, Yangshan, Yangchun
 Yunnan : Hekou, Jinping, Honghe, Mengla, Malipo, Maguan, Gangnan, Funing, Wenshan
 Guizhou : Rongjiang, Congjiang, Sandu, Danzhai, Leishan, Zhenfeng, Luodian
 Jiangxi : Quannan, Shanggao
 Hunan : Jianghua .​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ nakwa na Longzha Township (龙渣瑶族乡), Yanling County

Na Vietnam, ndị Dao bụ ndị Đại Bản, Tiểu Bản, Quần Chet, Ô Gang, Cóc Ngáng, na obere otu Cóc Mùn na-asụ asụsụ Iu Mien. 

 fonology 

 Consonants 
Enwere ekwentị consonant 31 akpọtụrụ na Iu Mien. Ihe dị iche iche nke consonants Iu Mien bụ ọnụnọ imi na akụkụ na-enweghị olu.
+Ekwentị consonant nke Iu Mien (olumba amaghi ama) Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal plain sibilant Ihu imi voiced m n ɲ ŋ voiceless m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̊ Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta plain p t t͡s t͡ɕ k ʔ aspirated      voiceless b d d͡z d͡ʑ ɡ Nke na-ese okwu f s h Mmanya j w N'akụkụ voiced l voiceless l̥ 

 Usoro mkpoputa ọkọlọtọ maka Iu Mien anaghị anọchi anya ụda nkwụsị n'ụzọ dabara na akara IPA, kama ọ na-eji eg ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ d ⟩, na ⟨ nd ⟩ na-anọchi anya  . Nke a nwere ike ịpụta site na mbọ ịchebe usoro mkpoputa Iu Mien na Pinyin (nke a na-anọchite anya Mandarin Chinese ), ebe ⟨ ⟩ na ⟨ ⟩ na-anọchi anya  . A na-ahụkwa mmetụta Pinyin n'iji ⟨ c ⟩, ⟨ z ⟩, na ⟨ nz ⟩ iji nọchite anya alveolar affricates  ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ j ⟩, na ⟨ nj ⟩ maka postalveolar affricates  . Iji ⟨ ng ⟩ na-anọchi anya imi velar  pụtara na enweghịkwa ike iji ya nọchite anya , dị ka a ga-ebu amụma; kama, ⟨ nq ⟩ ka eji.
 Dị ka Aumann na Pan si kwuo,  n'otu olumba ndị China, postalveolar affricates bụ ihe nkwụsị palatal (  ).
 Dị ka Daniel Bruhn si kwuo,  imi na-enweghị olu bụ n'ezie usoro  (ya bụ obere imi imi  na-esochi imi akpọpụtara), ebe mpụta na-enweghị olu bụ n'ezie mgbakasị mpụta na-enweghị olu  .
 Bruhn chọpụtakwara na ndị ọgbọ Iu Mien America nwere ike iji  dochie imi na-enweghị olu na akụkụ ndị na-enweghị olu. na alveolo-palatal na-akpakọrịta na ụdị palato-alveolar ha kwekọrọ. 

 Mmalite 
Ọ na-egosi na fọnịm otu consonant niile ewezuga  nwere ike ime dị ka mmalite .  

 Coda 
N'adịghị ka Hmong, nke na-amachibido consonants coda n'ozuzu, Iu Mien nwere otu ụda ekwentị asaa otu nwere ike were ọnọdụ coda. Consonants ndị a bụ  . Ụfọdụ nkwụsị nwere ike ime naanị dị ka nkwenye ikpeazụ mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na ụfọdụ ụda ; ọmụmaatụ,  naanị na-apụta na ụda ⟨ c ⟩ ma ọ bụ ⟨ ⟩ .

 Ntụaka 
mmadụ 443 ndị a nyochara na-ekwu na ha na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka asụsụ obodo ha. A na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'ahịa karịa n'ụlọ.mmadụ 443 ndị a nyochara na-ekwu na ha na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka asụsụ obodo ha. A na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'ahịa karịa n'ụlọ. 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 


 Njikọ mpụga 

 Blọọgụ ịntanetị nke ndị America Iu Mien dere
 Asụsụ Mienh.net
 Obodo Iu-Mien dị n'ịntanetị
 Alaeze Mien – Nzukọ Ogbe

 Ngwa OLAC na gbasara asụsụ Iu Mien
 Ntinye Structures Atlas nke ụwa
 LearnMien.com