Asụsụ Tsimshianic

Asụsụ Tsimshinic bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ ndị a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ British Columbia na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Alaska na Annette Island na Ketchikan . Asụsụ Tsimshinic niile nọ n'ihe egwu, ụfọdụ nwere naanị ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ narị anọ. Naanị ihe dịka mmadụ 2,170 sitere na / Tsimshian / ˈsɪm ʃ iən / bi na Canada ka na-asụ asụsụ Tsimshian;  ihe dị ka mmadụ 50 n'ime ndị Tsimshian 1,300 bi na Alaska ka na-asụ Coast Tsimshian .   Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ewere asụsụ Tsimhianic dị ka ezinụlọ asụsụ nwere onwe ha, nwere asụsụ anọ: Coast Tsimshian, Southern Tsimshian, Nisg̱a'a, na Gitksan. 

Ederede Sapir tinyere asụsụ Tsimshionic n'ime echiche Penutian ya, nke a na-anabatabeghị ugbu a, ọbụlagodi n'ụdị ya zuru oke. Marie-Lucie Tarpent enyochala njikọ Penutian nke Tsimshianic, onye chọpụtara na echiche ahụ nwere ike ime,  ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọzọ kwenyere na ezinụlọ Tsimshianic enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ọ bụla nke North America.  

 Nkewa ezinụlọ 
Tsimshionic nwere nkuzi 4:

A na-asụ Coast Tsimshian n'akụkụ Osimiri Skeena nke dị na Northwestern British Columbia, na ụfọdụ àgwàetiti ndị agbata obi, na n'ebe ugwu na New Metlakatla, Alaska . A na-asụ Southern Tsimshian n'àgwàetiti dị nnọọ anya na ndịda Osimiri Skeena dị n'ime obodo Klemtu ; Otú ọ dị, ọ kwụsịrị na 2013 na ọnwụ nke ikpeazụ ọkà okwu. A na-asụ Nisga'a n'akụkụ Osimiri Nass . A na-asụ Gitksan n'akụkụ Osimiri Upper Skeena gburugburu Hazelton na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.

Nisga'a na Gitksan nwere njikọ chiri anya ma ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ewerekarị olumba nke otu asụsụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà okwu sitere na otu abụọ ahụ na-ewere onwe ha dị iche iche na ibe ha na ndị Tsimshian ma si otú a na-ewere Nisga'a na Gitksan dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Coast na Southern Tsimshian ka a na-elekwa anya dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ.

Dịka nke 2023, nkuzi Tsimshian dị na Mahadum Alaska Southeast . 

 fonology 
Ndepụta consonantal nke Proto-Tsimshian: 
Labial eze Palatal Velar Labio-<br id="mwXA"><br><br><br> velar Uvula Labio-<br id="mwYQ"><br><br><br> uvula Glottal Na-adịghị aga n'ihu<br id="mwZw"><br><br><br> ihe mgbochi mfe         glottalized        Nke na-ese okwu      Odika mfe     glottalized     Ihu imi mfe    glottalized   

 Hụkwa 

 Tsimshian
 Nisga'a
 Gitxsan

 Ihe odide ala ala peeji 
ọbụlagodi n'ụdị ya zuru oke. Marie-Lucie Tarpent enyochala njikọ Penutian nke Tsimshianic, onye chọpụtara na echiche ahụ nwere ike ime, [1] ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọzọ kwenyere na ezinụlọ Tsimshianic enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ọ bụla nke North

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Boas, Franz. (1902). Ederede Tsimshian . Washington: Ụlọ Ọrụ nke American Ethnology. Akwụkwọ akụkọ 27.
 Boas, Franz. (1911). "Tsimshian." Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke American Indian Languages Bulletin Nke 40, akụkụ I, p. 287–422.
 Mithun, Marianne. (1999). Asụsụ Ndị Obodo North America . Cambridge: Mahadum Mahadum Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk).
 Tarpent, Marie-Lucie. (1997). "Tsimshianic na Penutian: Nsogbu, Ụzọ, Nsonaazụ, na Mmetụta." Akwụkwọ akụkọ International nke American Linguistics 63.52-244.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Asụsụ Tsimshionic (YDLI)
 map nke Northwest Coast First Nations (gụnyere Tsimshian na Nisga'a)
 Sm'algyax - "Ezigbo Asụsụ" Archived  
 Dum Baal-dum
 Ụlọ ọrụ Sealaska Heritage Institute
 A Zimshian Version nke akụkụ nke Akwụkwọ nke ekpere nkịtị (1882) nke William Ridley sụgharịrị
 Akwụkwọ edemede nke Akụrụngwa dị na Asụsụ Tsimshian Coast (YDLI)
 Akwụkwọ edemede nke Akụrụngwa na Asụsụ South Tsimshian (YDLI)
 Akwụkwọ edemede nke ihe onwunwe na asụsụ Gitksan (YDLI)
 Akwụkwọ edemede nke Akụrụngwa na Asụsụ Nisga'a (YDLI)
 Tsimshian ( Usoro ọkọwa okwu Intercontinental )