Asụsụ Mundari

Mundari ( Munɖari ) bụ asụsụ Munda nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ebo Munda na-asụ na steeti ọwụwa anyanwụ India nke Jharkhand, Odisha na West Bengal na ugwu Rangpur Division nke Bangladesh.  Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Santali na Bhumij .  Mundari Bani, edemede kpọmkwem iji dee Mundari, bụ Rohidas Singh Nag chepụtara.   Edewokwa ya na usoro edemede Devanagari, Odia, Bengali na Latin .

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Dị ka ọkà mmụta asụsụ Paul Sidwell (2018) si kwuo, asụsụ Munda nwere ike bịarutere n'ụsọ oké osimiri Odisha site na Indochina ihe dịka 4000-3500 afọ gara aga wee gbasaa mgbe Indo-Aryan kwaga Odisha. 

 Nkesa ala 

A na-asụ Mundari na Khunti, Ranchi, Seraikela Kharsawan na West Singhbhum, East Singhbhum district nke Jharkhand, na na Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Sundargarh district nke Odisha ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde mmadụ 1.1.  500,000 ọzọ, tumadi na Odisha na Assam, ka edekọtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-ekwu "Munda," nwere ike aha ọzọ maka Mundari.

 Olumba 
Toshiki Osada (2008:99), na-ezo aka na Encyclopaedia Mundarica (vol. 1, p. 6), depụtara olumba ndị a nke Mundari, nke a na-asụkarị na steeti Jharkhand .

 Hasada (  ): ọwụwa anyanwụ nke okporo ụzọ Ranchi- Chaibasa
 Naguri (  ): ọdịda anyanwụ nke okporo ụzọ Ranchi- Chaibasa
 Tamaria (  ) ma ọ bụ Latar : mpaghara Panchpargana (Tamar, Bundu, Rahe, Sonahatu, Silli)
 Kera (  ): agbụrụ Oraon bi na mpaghara obodo Ranchi

 fonology 
phonology nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic nwere njikọ chiri anya mana ọ dị iche na nke Indo-Aryan ma ọ bụ Dravidian. Ikekwe mmetụta ụdaume kacha si mba ofesi anọwo na ụdaume. Ebe alaka Austroasiatic dị na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia bara ụba na ụda ụdaume, Mundari nwere naanị ise. Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic ndị ọzọ ma ewezuga consonants retroflex, nke dị ka ọ na-apụta naanị na okwu mbinye ego. (Osada 2008)

 Udaume 
Mundari nwere ụdaume ise. All ụdaume nwere ogologo na mkpụmkpụ nakwa dị ka nasalized allophones, ma ọ bụghị ogologo ma ọ bụ nasality bụ iche. Udaume niile dị na monosyllables mepere emepe dị ogologo ogologo karịa nke dị na mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi, yana ndị na-eso consonants imi ma ọ bụ  na-nasalized. Udaume na-aga ma ọ bụ na-eso  na-nasalized.
 N'ihu Central Azu Mechie i u N'etiti e o Mepee a

 Consonants 
Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari nwere fọnịm 23 bụ isi. Olumba olu Naguri na Kera gụnyere nkwụsi ike dị ka fọnịm agbakwunyere, ebe a etinyere na mbike.
 Labial eze Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Ihu imi m n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ Plosive voiceless p t̪ ʈ t͡ɕ k ʔ aspirated ( pʰ ) ( t̪ʰ ) ( ʈʰ ) ( t͡ɕʰ ) ( kʰ ) voiced b d̪ ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ Nke na-ese okwu s̪ h Odika w l ɽ j Trill r 

 Ịgụ 
S.No.MundariTransliterationTranslation1मियदMiyadOne2बारियाBariaTwo3आपियाApiaThree4उपनिआUpniafour5मोड़ेयाModeaFive6तुरियाTuriaSix7एयाAreSeven8इरलियाErliaEight9आरेयाAreaNine10गेलेयाGaleaTen11Gel MiyadEleven12Gel BariyaTwelve13ApiyaThirteen14UpunaFourteen15ModeyaFifteen16TuriyaSixteen17Eya   Seventeen18IriliyaEighteen19Areya  Nineteen20Mid Hisi Twenty21Hisi MiyadTwenty-one30Mid hisi GelThirty31Hisi Gel MiyadThirty-one40Bar Hisi Forty41Bar Hisi MiyadForty-one50Bar Hisi GelFifty60Aapi Hisi Sixty70Aapi Hisi GelSeventy80Upun Hisi Eighty90Upun Hisi GelNinety100 Mid SaayeOne hundred200Bar SaayeTwo hundred1000Mid HazarOne thousand1,00,000Mid LakOne lakh
.

 Ntụaka 

 Isi mmalite 



 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 
mmetụta ụdaume kacha si mba ofesi anọwo na ụdaume. Ebe alaka Austroasiatic dị na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia bara ụba na ụda ụdaume, Mundari nwere naanị ise. Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic ndị ọzọ ma ewezuga

 Evans, Nicholas & Toshki Osada. 2005a. Mundari: akụkọ ifo nke asụsụ na-enweghị klaasị okwu. Na ụdị asụsụ 9.3, p. 351–390.
 Evans, Nicholas & Toshki Osada. 2005b. Mundari na arụmụka na nyocha okwu-klas. Na ụdị asụsụ 9.3, p. 442–457
 Hengeveld, Kees & Jan Rijkhoff. 2005. Mundari dị ka asụsụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Na ụdị asụsụ 9.3, p. 406–431.
 Newberry, J. (2000). Olumba North Munda: Mundari, Santali, Bhumia . Victoria, BC: J. Newberry. ISBN 0-921599-68-4
 Osada, Toshiki. 2008. "Mundari". Na Anderson, Gregory DS (ed). Asụsụ Munda, 99–164. Usoro Ezinụlọ Asụsụ Routledge 3. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X .

 Ederede 






 Njikọ mpụga 

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mundari na Ngalaba Linguistics, Mahadum Osnabrueck, Germany
 Map asụsụ zuru ezu nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal, hụ asụsụ #68 na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'akụkụ oke ọwụwa anyanwụ
 http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
 http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-A6AA-C@view asụsụ Mundari na RWAAI Digital Archive
 https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21031r-mundari.pdf
 https://omniglot.com/writing/mundaribani.htm
 https://omniglot.com/writing/mundari.htm