Asụsụ Biao

Asụsụ Biao ( Chinese ; nke a makwaara dị ka Kang Bau ma ọ bụ Kang Beu ) bụ asụsụ Kra–Dai (ma ọ bụ ikekwe asụsụ atọ)  a na-asụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Huaiji County na Fengkai County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong . Aha onwe ya bụ  na  .

Ndị ọchịchị China kewapụtara ndị na-asụ Biao dị ka agbụrụ Han. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

 Nhazi 
Dịka Lakkia, njikọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke asụsụ Biao n'ime ezinụlọ Kra–Dai ejighị n'aka, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike ịbụ nwanne nwanyị nke asụsụ Kam–Sui .   Hsiu (2014)  na-atụ aro na Biao nwere ike imekọrịta na Lakkia, ma ọ bụ mepụta ngalaba kwụụrụ onwe nke Kra–Dai n'onwe ya.

 fonology 

 Consonants 
Labial Dental / Alveolar ( Alveolo -) <br id="mwQw"><br><br><br>palatal Velar Glottal larịị sibilant Ihu imi m n ɲ̟ ŋ Kwụsị / Mmekọrịta enweghị olu p t ts k ʔ achọsi ike pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ Nke na-ese okwu f θ s h Odika ʋ l j

 /ʋ/ nwekwara ike ịkpọ dị ka [w] na mgbanwe efu.
 Ụda akpọrọ labialized /kʷ/ nwere ike ime, mana ọ bụ naanị n'okwu mbinye ego ndị China.

 Udaume 
 N'ihu Central Azu Mechie i y u N'etiti etiti ( e ) ø o Oghere-etiti ɛ œ ɔ Mepee a aː

 Ụda /m, ŋ/ nwekwara ike ime dị ka syllabic [m̩, ŋ̍].
 /e/ dị naanị dị ka ngwụcha nke nwere consonant na-ejedebe n'usoro /en, eŋ, ep, et, ek/. (Liang 2002: 36-42)

 Ụda 
Ụdị ụda na ụkpụrụ contour ụda maka olumba atọ nke Biao bụ (Liang 2002: 53):
Ụdị ụda Shidong Yonggu Dagang 1  55  55  54 2  214  31  31 3  54  54  35 4  132  213  132 5  35  22  34 6  22  42  22 7 (a na-enyocha enweghị olu)  55  55  55 9 (a na-enyocha enweghị olu)  35  33  34 8 (a na-enyocha olu)  12  21  22 10 (a na-enyocha olu)  22  42  42

 Olumba 
Enwere olumba atọ nke Biao (Hsiu 2014).  Edere olumba Shidong n'uju site na Liang (2002). Edebere data agbakwunyere sitere na olumba Yonggu na Dagang site na Hsiu (2014). Edekwara eserese nke Yonggu Biao phonology na Lin (2009). 

 Shidong 诗洞
 Yonggu 永固
 Dagang 大岗

Norquest (2021) na-ahazi olumba Biao dịka ndị a. 

Yang (2012:73)  na-enye ntụnyere nke mkpụrụokwu ndị a maka olumba ise nke Biao.
English glossChinese glossShidong 诗洞Hezhou 贺州Yonggu 永固Dagang 大岗Liangcun 梁村bone骨头iɐk8iɐk8iɐk8iɐk8iɐk8earth, soil土pʰiɐn1pʰɛn1pøn3piɛn1piɛn1body hair, feather毛iɐŋ1iɐŋ6iaŋ2iɛŋ6iɛŋ6table桌子tsøŋ4tsøŋ4tsoŋ2pɐt7tsoŋ6; tøy6pɐt7tsoŋ6vegetable蔬（菜种得蔬）lɛu5; liau5liau5lɛu5ly5ly5long (time)久（很久不见）si2si6tsi2tsɐi6tsɐi6dog狗mu3mu3mɔ1mɔ1mɔ1weave (basket)编（编簸箕）hɔo1hɔo1hɔ1hɔ1hɔ1
Liang (2002: 53–55, 61–62) depụtara data ntụnyere ndị a maka olumba atọ nke Biao.
English glossChinese glossShidong 诗洞Yonggu 永固Dagang 大岗Page numbershoe鞋haːi4aːi2aːi253hand手hy2iə2iə253enter进hɔ2ɔ4ɔ453stand up站立ɲyn1ɲyn1nyn153earring耳环ɲɛŋ6ɲɛŋ653water水naːm4ɲaːm4nia454urine尿ɲu6ɲiu6nɛu654rain雨tsʰan1tsʰɛn1san154year年pɛ1pʰui1pʰui154bow弓kʰuŋ3kuŋ1kuŋ154grapefruit柚子lak8pʰɔ3lak8pø154scold骂ly5liə554cross over过ty6tiə6liə654thorn, spur刺儿ky3kiə3kiə354leaf树叶my1miə1miə154li (distance)一“里”路ly1liə4liə454chopsticks箸tsy6tsy6tsy654book书sy3sy1sy154moon月亮pʰyn1pʰyn1pun154release (bird)放（鸟）pyŋ5puŋ554garlic蒜θyn5θun554stand站ɲyn1ɲyn1nyn154red红lyŋ5luŋ5luŋ554day天、日jan2wɛn2man255snake蛇tsʰy1tʰo1tsʰo155sky天man1man161wind风lam2lam261frost霜mai1mui161pond池塘tsam2tɛm261paddy field水田jo6jo661fire火pai1pai161day日jan2wɛn261foot脚puk7puk761child儿liak8lɛk861grandchild孙lɔn1lɔn161sell卖pʰa1pʰa161come来naŋ1nuŋ161black黑muk7muk761cattle黄牛mɔ2ŋau261dragonfly蜻蜓tam1ɲɛu3kam5tsʰe361grasshopper蚱蜢ha1ɲak7maːŋ361tree树muk8mi461banana芭蕉muk8juk8wai2θiəu161sprout芽miu4ŋa261tongue舌头tsʰu1pʰyə162sit坐naŋ6pʰɔ362will, future tense会suk8ui662blood血jan2lyt1062throw (away)扔（丢）san5fak762use用sai1yuŋ662

 Nkesa 
Ụdị dị iche iche nke Biao gụnyere Shidong 诗洞, Yonggu 永固, Qiaotou 桥头, na Dagang 大岗 olumba (Liang 2002:3). Na mpaghara Fengkai, a na-asụ ya na Chang'an 长安, Jinzhuang 金装, na Qixing 七星. Fengshan County Gazetteer (1998) na-akọ na na Fengkai County, ndị mmadụ 7,217 na-asụ Biao ( piau42 ) na obodo 48 dị na Chang'an 长安, Baoshan 宝山, na Dongshan 东山 obodo. Fengkai Biao bụ Fengshan County Gazetteer (1998) kọrọ ka ọ bụrụ olumba dị iche site na Biao nke Huaiji County . Yang (2011) na-akọ na a na-asụkwa Biao na Liandu 莲都 na He'erkou 河儿口镇 na Fengkai County, na Shatian 沙田镇, Hezhou, Guangxi. A na-enye data nkọwa nkọwa maka ụdị Biao 4 dị iche iche a na-asụ na Shatian Town, Hezhou (ya bụ Fanglin 芳林, Dapan 大盘, Qiaotou 桥头, na Guishan 桂山) na Chen & Yang (2011: 99-100).

 Yang (2010) 
Dị ka Yang Biwan (2010) siri kwuo, e nwere ihe karịrị 160,000 ndị na-asụ Biao. 

 Huaiji County
 Shidong Township 诗洞镇 (16 villages): 55,000 speakers. Baiya 白崖话 is spoken in Jianfeng 健丰, Jinsha 金沙, and Feng'an 丰安.
 Yonggu Township 永固镇 (all 12 villages in the township): 40,000 speakers
 Qiaotou Township 桥头镇 (3 villages): 10,000 speakers
 Xinning 新宁: Tansi 潭泗, Rongling 榕岭
 Xinping 新平: Jinji 金鸡, Gongxian 公弦, Dahekou 大和口, Songgenling 松根岭, Doushui 斗水
 Hongguang 红光: Guihua 桂花, Zhiwu 植屋, Wanghaotang 旺豪塘, Tanxing 谭杏
 Small numbers scattered in Jiuxu of Jinxing 金星旧墟, Anshe of Baofeng 保丰安社, Liuhua of Fengzhen 凤真六化
 Dagang Township 大岗镇 (12 villages): 30,000 speakers. Xiafang 下坊话 is spoken in Shiqun 石群 and Sibao 四保.
 Dihou 地厚 (all villages)
 Liangshui 梁水 (all villages)
 Fulou 富楼: Laochen 老陈, Laoxuan 老禤, Jian'gang 坚岗, Linwu 林屋, Shangcaitang 上彩塘, Xiacaitang 下彩塘
 Tanzhu 谭珠: Dongxiang 东向, Taiping 太平, Liwu 李屋, Tangmei 塘美, Liuwu 刘屋, Tansha 谭沙, Sanwu 三屋
 Xiulin 秀林: Baiwu 白屋, Linghui 岭惠, Langwei 浪尾, Bitang 碧塘, Hanggen 杭根, Shankou 山口, Zhuyuan 竹园, Rongshu 榕树, Fenglin 枫林, Xiulin 秀林, Pangmei 庞眉, Xiaguo 下郭
 Shangting 上亭: Guowu 郭屋, Benji 本吉, Sanzhong 三中, Shegang 社岗, Zhuwu 朱屋, Hongshu 红树
 Shitian 石田: Niewu 聂屋, Liancun 连村, Qidou 七斗
 Linggang 岭岗: Shangzhai 上寨, Zhiling 知岭, Fenshui 坟水
 Dazhong 大钟: Qilong 奇龙, Lianhui 连会, Baishi 白石, Miaozhong 庙中, Ejing 鹅劲, Miaoshang 庙上
 Shangshi 上石: Fujing 富井, Zhongxinwu 中心屋, Shenshui 深水, Zhongxindong 中心洞, Yangshu 杨树, Shanggaowu 上高屋, Lezhai 勒寨
 Jiyi 集义: Shuangxi 双溪, Tanbian 谭变, Shuangshimiao 双狮庙
 Tanying 谭英: Muyuan 木园, Xiazhai 下寨, Guantang 关塘, Kangen 榄根, Liangwu 梁屋
 Liangcun Township 梁村镇 (7 villages): 18,000 speakers. Xiafang 下坊话 is spoken in Liyang 李样 and Linwu 林屋.
 Zhenwu 镇武 (all villages)
 Xiangtian 湘田 (all villages)
 Shatian 沙田: Matou 码头, Xinlou 新楼, Bailong 白龙, Dacheng 大成, Huangtang 黄塘, Tanle 谭了
 Guangming 光明: Tanpin 谭聘, Mumian 木棉, Luokong 罗孔, Datian 大田, Nan'an 南安, Beixiang 北向, Dongxiang 东向, Nanxiang 南向
 Liangcun 梁村: Huilonggang 回龙岗, Tanyuan 谭园
 Yongyou 永攸: Xiayou 下攸, Xixiang 西向
 Lanma 栏马: Lanzhong 栏中, Baiwu 白屋, Sanzhe 三折, Nansheao 南蛇凹, Dasonggen 大松根, Taiping 太平
 Fengkai County
 Chang'an Township 长安镇 (3 villages): 7,000 speakers
 Chang'an 长安 (80% of villages)
 Dongshan 东山 (all villages)
 Baoshan 宝山: Xialuochai 下罗柴, Wenlin 文林, Shandong 上东 (Dongdui 东队), Shangxi 上西 (Xidui 西队), Qiaotou 桥头, Jiongzhou 迥週, Sushui 宿水, Fankou 范口, Dakou 大口
 Liandu Township 莲都镇 (4 villages): 1,300 speakers; ancestors from Shidong.
 Sicun 四村: Shuilai 水来
 Qingshui 清水: Yangmei 杨梅, Zhongxin 中心, Yonggu 涌谷, Pangu 盘古, Datang 大塘, Tongyou 桐油, Luoya 罗雅, Dajiang 大降
 Shendi 深底: Yingxiong 英雄, Kengjiao 坑脚, Heliping 合理坪
 Yuntang 云塘: Dalang 大浪
 He'erkou Township 河儿口镇 (4 villages): 1,750 speakers; ancestors from Shidong.
 Dongguan 东光 (3 natural villages)
 Xiangyang 向阳 (all villages)
 Sandong 三洞 (20% of villages)
 Pingdong 平洞 (all villages)
 Hezhou
 Shatian Township 沙田镇 (4 villages): 20 elderly speakers; ancestors from Shidong.
 Cluster 9 of Qiaotou 桥头第9组
 Sanzhen of Dapan 大盘三圳
 Clusters 3 and 4 of Guishan 桂山第3、4组
 Cluster 11 of Fanglin 芳林第11组

Yang (2012)  kwuru na toponyms na Yonggu 永固 Obodo nwere aha "Luo 罗", na toponyms na Shidong 诗洞 Obodo nwere "Liu 六", "Feng 凤", na "Nan 南" sitere na Bia.

 Ntụaka 

 Chen Caijia 陈才佳; Yang Biwan 杨璧菀. 2011. Hezhou binwei Biaohua fangyandao yanjiu 贺州濒危标话方言岛研究. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Original Ecological National Culture原生态民族文化学刊 2011(2):96-104.
 Hụ, Andrew. 2014. Asụsụ Biao nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Guangdong, China . Enyere ya na SEALS 24, Mahadum Yangon, Yangon, Myanmar. ( Ihe ngosi PPT )   
 Liang, Min [梁敏]. 2002. Ọmụmụ nke Biao [标话硏究]. Beijing: Mahadum Mahadum Minzu [中央民族大学出版社].
 Yang, Biwan [杨璧菀] (2011). "Mmalite ndị na-asụ Biao" [讲标人的来源]. Minzu Yuwen . https://web.archive.org/web/20210609122016/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WZGZ201101028.htm Archived  
 Yang, Biwan [杨璧菀]; Zeng, Lin [曾霖]. 2017. Huaiji (Biaohua) [怀集(标话)]. Zhongguo yuyan wenhua diancang [中国语言文化典藏] usoro. Beijing: Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi. ISBN 9787100153331 . [akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke omenala ihe atụ nke ihe atụ]
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations