Doug Faragher

Doug Fargher (1926-1987) nke mbụ mbụ dị ka Doolish na Karagher ma ọ bụ Yn Breagagh (The Liar), [1] bụ onye na-eme ihe gbasara Asụsụ Manx, onye edemede, na onye redio nke na mweghachi nke Asụsụ Manx na Isle of Man na ike afụ nke 20. A mara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ English-1 ọkọx Di maka 9 akwụkwọ English-1 ọkọx Di maka 9 akwụkwọ nke English-1 ọkọx Di maka 9 akwụkwọ.  Manx.[2][3][4]  Fargher aka n'ịkwalite n'ahụ Manx, MPEG na-Soso Soso mba n'oge ndụ ya niile.

 Ndụ onwe onye 
A mụrụ Fargher na 1926 na William na Catherine Fargher nke Glencrutchery Road na Douglas na Isle of Man.

Ọ na-abụ Joyce Barry na 1954 na ihe Kirk Braddan na emume nke Rev. William Wood duziri na Manx.[1]  N'afọ 1956, Fargher na-egosi ya Isale of Man ka ha gaa ọrụ na Zambia (n'oge ahụ Northern Rhodesia) dị ka onye àmà na ebe a na-egwupụta ọla kọpa.[2]  Ha ruoghị Isle of Man 1963.[3]  Mgbe ọ la mfe Isle of Man, Fargher na-azụ ahuhu mbubata osisi na Ridgeway Street na Douglas.

 Afọ Ndị Mbido Na-asụ Asụsụ Manx 
Douglas Fargher bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị na-asụrụ akwụkwọ Manx na-arụsi ọrụ ike bụ ndị na-eche na ahụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-abụ nke ndị agadi na-asụrụ 1940 Isle of Man na 1940s na 1950s.  Ya na ndị na-asụ Manx dị ka Walter Clarke na Leslie Quirk, Fargher ji egwuregwu mgbanaka gaa gburugburu ime obodo Manx, na-eleta ndị na-ekwu okwu Manx ma na- cashuur ahụ n'aka ha.

.N'afọ sochirinụ mgbe egwu nke Irish Taoiseach Éamon de Valera na Isle of Man na 1947, e nyere Ndị Irish Folklore Commission ọrụ idekọ ndị ọkà okwu ndị na-adịghị dị ka Manx Museum ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ego iji mee ya.[1]  Nke a ዓላማ Fargher na otu ya nke ndị enyi Manx na-ekwu okwu ka ha mee ihe na-eme mgbanwe nke ha n'onwe ha, n'agbanyeghị ihe ịkwụ ụgwọ na ego: "anyi ike idekọ ndị agadi mana anyị mụrụ, anyị ego ma ọ bụ ụzọ isi mee ya".[2]  N'ikpeazụ, ha nwere ike ime ihe ngosi ndị a, ọ bụ ebe na ọ na-efu onwe ha nnukwu ego;  John Gell dịka ọmụmaatụ, gbazinyere ha £ 8 iji ngwá ọrụ ọrụ dị mkpaClarke, Walter. "Oral History Project Transcript: Time to Remember" (Interview). Interviewed by David Callister.

Manx abụwo asụsụ dị ala na àgwà ọjọọ nke ọtụtụ ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ n'ebe asụsụ Manx nọ ka na-eweta nnukwu ihe isi ike maka ndị na-amụ ihe na ndị na-asụ ya:Ihe na-egbochi n'oge ahụ (na ogologo oge mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị) ga-abụ àgwà obi ọjọọ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ: 'Gịnị ka ị chọrọ iji oge gị na ihe nzuzu ochie ahụ mebie? Nke ahụ abụghị ezigbo asụsụ!" Nke a dị ka ụdị mantra a.N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị a, Fargher gbara Ndị Manx ibe ya na ndị ọhụrụ bi na Isle of Man ume ka ha sonye na "m ịgba ya maka idebe na iji ahia Manx".[1]  Fargher haziri ozi ụka Metọdist site na Manx iji akara nke bụ ahụ.[2]  N'ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ ndị 1950 ọ bụkwa onye na-enye egwu mgbe niile na kọlụm akwụkwọ Manx Coraa ny Gael (Olu nke Gael) na akwụkwọ akụkọ Manx Mona's Herald .  [3] Fargher na- akwụkwọ n'okpuru aha edemede Yn Breagagh, aha nke e si n'aka otu n'ime ndị nna nna ya akwụkwọ. 

 Ịlaghachi Mann na afọ ndị sochirinụ 
Fargher na-egosi ịhụnanya Zambia na 1956, ha akwụsịghị Isle of Man ruo 1963.[1]  Mgbe ọ la ọkụ, o ji onwe ya n'ịrụzigharị usoro mweghachi akwụkwọ Manx nke nke nta ka ọ ndị enyi maka ọtụtụ oge a, dịka Fargher na onye na-ekwu okwu Manx na onye otu Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh kwuru:Dị ka Walter Clarke nke Manx Museum, onye otu ahụ, si kwuo, enwere obere ịnụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ ahụ na Man taa [sic]. "Ndị mmadụ na-eche na ha nwere ike iwere Manx na nkuzi isii dị mfe", ka o kwuru. "mgbe ha chọpụtara na ha enweghị ike ịkwụsị mmasị. "A gbahapụrụ klas mgbede n'obodo ukwu ndị dị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, otu ahụ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Manx nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Coraa Ghailckagh. Mgbalị iji mee ka Manx kụzie n'ụlọ akwụkwọ kụkwara afọ n'ala.Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ Manx dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1961, afọ 1960 na 1970 ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ n'asụsụ Manx ga-ahụ ahụ.[1]  Fargher aka mee ka Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh dị ike mgbe a na-achọpụta ya na kọmitii ahụ na 1972, site na ngwa Oieghyn Gaelgagh (Manx Language Nights) na ibipụta ihe ọhụrụ.[2]  Ọ gookwara ịgbasa usoro redio 'ige ntĩ ma ika' kwa izu ebe ọ buuxi ndị na-ege ntì ihe ọkụ sitere na John Gell's Conversational Manx.  Ihe omume ndị a nyere aka ọrụta ndị na-eto eto na-amụ ihe ọhụrụ na mmepụta.[2]  N'afọ 1966, onye mgbasa ozi mba Irish RTÉ bụ Cathal O'Shannon gbara Fargher ndị ọnụ dị ka Akụkọ nke mmemme Newsbeat ha iji dekọọ ihe omume nke ngwaọrụ na ọrụ Manx, na-ekweta na ihe isi ike dị n'ọnụ nke ime ka Manx dịghachi ndụ.:

 Ihe ndị ọzọ na-amasị ya 
In 1962, along with fellow Manx speakers Lewis Crellin and Bernard Moffatt, Fargher was one of the first members of Mec Vannin, a small political party aimed at gaining full independence and establishing the Isle of Man as an independent sovereign state. He described the early 1960s as a period of "great reawakening of national consciousness" and he believed that the language should be the basis of this new nationalist movement. He believed that the Manx people (like the other Celtic nations) had an "inferiority complex about their own nationality and their language" and noted that the greatest enthusiasts for Manx Independence were Manx speakers.

Fargher nwekwara mmasị na egwu na egwu Manx. N'afọ 1979, o nyere nsụgharị Manx maka Five Manx Folk Songs, nke yiri Mona Douglas' Five Manx folk Dances.

Mgbe onye ọkà okwu Manx ibe ya bụ Bill Radcliffe nwụsịrị na 1984, Fargher weghaara ọrụ Yn Lhaihder maka Tynwald ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Nke a chọrọ ka ọ gụọ n'asụsụ Manx nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi nke iwu ọhụrụ a ga-ewepụta na Tynwald Hill.

 Ihe Nketa 
Fargher's work inspired a new generation of Manx speakers. Brian Stowell was motivated to learn Manx when he read an article written by Fargher defending the Manx language in late 1953. After attending lessons taught by Leslie Quirk, he was then introduced in person to Fargher, and in turn to other members of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh such as Walter Clarke and Bill Radcliffe. Brian Stowell went on to be one of the most important figures in the modern Manx revival movement.

Mgbe Fargher gụrụ akụkọ akụkọ mbụ na Manx na Manx Radio 1970, enwere ihe ngosi redio na pọdkastị kwa izu n'asụsụ ahụ, a na-ejikwa ekele Manx malite ma kwụsị akụkọ akụkọ ọ bụla.

N'ime iri afọ kemgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Fargher, ọ ghọwo isi iyi dị mkpa maka ndị na-amụ Manx, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị: "nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwaokwu ya na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ncheta bara uru nke nnukwu onye Manx a. "  Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na okwu ọhụrụ ọ mepụtara maka ya, aghọwo isi iyi nke arụmụka agụmakwụkwọ n'onwe ya.

 Ihe odide 

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