Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry bụ ọmụmụ nke phytochemicals, nke bụ kemịkalụ nke osisi na-emepụta.  A na-eji phytochemicals kọwaa ọdịdị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke metabolites nke abụọ na osisi, ọrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ, na biosynthesis nke phytochemicals.  Ngwakọta ndị a na-ahụ na osisi dị n'ụdị dị iche iche, a pụkwara ịchịkọta ya na klas anọ: alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, na terpenoids..

Enwere ike iwere Phytochemistry is a branch of botany or chemistry.  Enwere ike iduzi the work of the botanical garden or the field site n'engisha nke ethnobotany.  Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ phytochemical lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ mmadụ (ya bụ, nchọpụta ọgwụ) nwere ike ịdaba n'okpuru ịdọ aka ná ntị nke pharmacognosy, ebe ọmụmụ phytochemical na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi na evolushọn nke phytochemicals nwere ike ịdaba n'okpuru ọmụmụ nke ihe omimi nke kemịkalụ.  Phytochemistry nwekwara njikọ na ngalaba physiology osisi.

 Usoro 
Ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọhịa nke phytochemistry bụ mmịpụta, nkewa, na njirimara (MS, 1D na 2D NMR) nke ngwaahịa sitere n'okike, na-eji usoro Chromatography dị iche iche (MPLC, HPLC, na LC-MS).).

 Phytochemicals 
Ọtụtụ osisi na-emepụta kemịkalụ iji chebe onwe ha pụọ ​​​​na ahịhịa.  A kọwapụtara ụdị phytochemicals dị mkpa dị n'okpuru ebe a, yana ihe atụ nke osisi ọgwụ nwere ha.[1]  A na-ejikarị ahịhịa ndị nwere kemịkal eme ihe, dị ka nettle, dandelion, na chickweed.

Ọtụtụ phytochemicals, gụnyere curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, na resveratrol bụ pan-assay inhibitors nke na-abaghị uru maka nchọpụta ọgwụ..

 Alkaloids 

Alkaloids bụ kemịkalụ na-atọ ụtọ, nke a na-ahụkarị na osisi, mana na-egbukarị egbu.  Enwere ọtụtụ klas nwere ụzọ dị iche iche maka ọgwụ, ma ntụrụndụ ma ọgwụ.  Ọgwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (mwepụ nke nightshade), [1] ọgwụ ọdịnala berberine (saịtị nke osisi dị ka Berberis nke Mahonia), caffeine (Coffea), Coca" id="mwXQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cocaine">cocaine (Coca), ephedrine (Coca), ephedrine (Raccoin). fia serpentina), quinidine na quinine.  (Cinchona), vincamine (Vinca obere), vincristine (Catharanthusus). 

 Glycosides 
A na-ahụ Anthraquinone glycosides na Senna, [1] rhubarb, na Aloe.. 

glycosides nke obi bụ phytochemicals sitere na osisi gụnyere foxglove na lily nke ndagwurugwu.  Ọ gụnyere digoxin na digitoxin nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka diuretics.

 Polyphenols 

Polyphenols dị n'ọtụtụ osisi, gụnyere anthocyanins, phytoestrogens, na tannins.[1]  Polyphenols bụ metabolites nke abụọ a na-ahụ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke osisi, gụnyere mkpụrụ osisi, ifuru, na akwụkwọ..

 Terpenes 

A na-ahụ Terpenes nke terpenoids n'ọtụtụ ụdị osisi resinous dị ka conifers.  Achọghị m isi ya, mana m na-arụ ọrụ iji kpochapụ ahịhịa.  Ihe na-esi ísì ha na-eme ka ha baa baa uru dị mkpa mmanụ, maa maa ihe na-esi good taste dà la lavender rose, maa ọ bết maa aromatherapy.[1][2]  Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ọgwụ: thymol bụ ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali nke na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ihe na-egbochi ụmụ ahụhụ.).

 Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 
N'ihe banyere nje bacteria ero, ọtụtụ ụzọ metabolic nke osisi anaghị agbakọta n'otu sel biosynthetic, dịka ha dị na sel nke sel nkịtị.  Lelee ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ: steroidal glycoalkaloids nke Solanum, polyketides nke Pooideae, benzoxazinoids nke Zea Mays, triterpenes nke Avena sativa, Cucurbitaceae, Arabidopsis, momilactone diterpenes nke Oryza sativa..

 Ihe odide