Asụsụ Athpare

Athpare, nke a makwaara dị ka Athapre, Athpariya, Athpre, Arthare, Arthare-Khesang, ma ọ bụ Jamindar, sụpere Athpariya I ka e were dị iche na Belhariya (Athpariya II), bụ asụsụ Kiranti ọwụwa anyanwụ.

 Ebe 
Ihe dị ka mmadụ 5,000 bi na mpaghara Dhankuta dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal na-asụ Athpare. A na-asụ asụsụ ahụ n'ebe ugwu Tamur, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Dhankuta khola, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Tangkhuwa, a na-asụkwa ya na obodo Dhankuta na Bhirgau VDC. 

 Consonants 
E gosiri consonants na tebụl n'okpuru. Consonants nwere olu dị ụkọ na ọnọdụ mbụ. N'ọkwa etiti nke ngwaa, consonants ekwuputara bụ ndị nwere ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Achọsi ike bụ ụda ụda n'ọnọdụ mbụ. Enweghị fricative ma e wezụga maka [s] na [h].
 Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta enweghị olu p t tʃ k ʔ achọsi ike pʰ tʰ tʃʰ kʰ kwuputara b d dʒ ɡ kwuru na-achọsi ike bʱ dʱ dʒʱ Nke na-ese okwu s h Ihu imi m n ŋ Odika etiti w jn'akụkụ l  Trill kwuputara r  achọsi ike rʱ
A na-ahụ consonants ndị a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ n'ime ngwaa nwere stem-ikpeazụ [tt] na n'ihi mmekọ ọnụ na suffix enweghi ngwụcha (dịka, -ma : pap(t)- + ma -> pamma 'to scratch').

 Udaume 
Enwere ụdaume ise na Athpare: /i, e, a, o, u/. A na-agbatị ụdaume ntakịrị n'ime mkpụrụokwu mgbọrọgwụ mepere emepe, mana njirimara a nwere ike ịbụ allophonic. Diphthongs dị ntakịrị na Athpare—ai, oi na ui ka egosiri na ha dị mana n'okwu ole na ole.

 Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ 
A na-ahụta akara nrịbama isiokwu na ihe n'otu akụkụ dị ka prefixes, akụkụ dị ka suffixes. Enwere suffixes nọmba dị iche na akara nrịbama, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-esote otu njiri mara onye ahụ. A na-edobe ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke n'ụkpụrụ tense-periphrastic (nke zuru oke na nke na-aga n'ihu). Athpare bụ onye nnọchi anya morphologically, yana nkewa n'etiti onye mbụ na ndị ọzọ. A na-eji obere ngwaa eme ihe na-enweghị oke: Ngwaa jikọtara ọnụ nwere ngwaa abụọ akara maka mmadụ na ihe siri ike, ndị nọ n'okpuru na-eso ngwaa emegharịrị.

Athpare nwere usoro okwu dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu, ebe ejiri ma onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ya akara na ngwaa ahụ. Enwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị suffix nnomi, na-ebute ụdọ suffix kachasị ogologo nke asụsụ Kiranti ọ bụla, dịka, [ 2 ] 


 Usoro okwu 
Athpare bụ asụsụ ngwaa-ikpeazụ. Isiokwu na adverbials nkebiokwu na-enwekarị ọnọdụ mbụ. Enwere nnukwu nnwere onwe n'ịhazigharị ihe dịka mkpa nkwukọrịta siri dị.

Athpare nwere ọtụtụ ngwaa dabara na Bekee 'ịbụ':

  (locational)
  (existential)
  (be, become - acquisition)
  (be, become - spatial)
  (identification)
 NEG: 

A na-edobe ndị so na ya site na ntinye aha na ngwaa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, site na nkebiokwu aha. Mkpọaha bụ nhọrọ ma jiri naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọkà okwu chọrọ ime ka ntụaka ahụ pụtakwuo ìhè.

Ọnọdụ nbipute ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nrịbama :

  realized as , , , or  oblique: ergative; instrumental; genitive; cause
  realized as , , , or  locative (and directive)
  ablative
  directive
  comitative
  deprivative

 Ụtọ asụsụ 
Athpare bụ usoro okwu SOV, ndị mgbanwe niile na-ebute isi ha ụzọ. O nwere ụdị ọdịdị nke itoolu: n'oge gara aga, na-abụghị nke gara aga, na-aga n'ihu, ambulative (ụdị na-aga n'ihu ebe ọrụ ma ọ bụ usoro na-aga n'ihu mgbe onye na-eme ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ isiokwu na-aga ebe a na ebe ahụ), nke zuru oke, adịghị mma na-abụghị nke gara aga ( paradigms na-adịghị mma adịghị egosipụta ọdịdị dị mma kpọmkwem), ihe na-adịghị mma n'oge gara aga, ihe na-adịghị mma na nke na-adịghị mma n'oge gara aga / gara aga na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu - na nhọrọ abụọ. A na-atụgharị ụdịdị abụọ a maka mmadụ, mana enweghị akara nrịbama ikpeazụ.

Athpre na-egosi okike okike na usoro ikwu na maka anụmanụ buru ibu. Gender anaghị arụ ọrụ na nkwekọrịta. Enwere nhazi ọkwa abụọ dị iche iche nke mmadụ na ndị na-abụghị mmadụ.

Asụsụ ahụ nwere ọnụọgụ atọ: otu, dual na plural, yana dị iche iche onye nke mbụ gụnyere na mkpọaha aha n'aha abụọ na ọtụtụ.

A na-emepụta mbelata site na aha ndụ nwere suffix -cilet . Enwere adverbs pụrụ iche nke oge maka nkeji abụọ, atọ na anọ (ụbọchị, afọ, wdg) tupu na mgbe ugbu a gasịrị.

 Ntụaka 
anyanwụ Nepal na-asụ Athpare. A na-asụ asụsụ ahụ n'ebe ugwu Tamur, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala plural, yana dị iche iche onye nke mbụ gụ  n'ebe ugwu Tamur, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala Enwere adverbs

 Isi mmalite 





Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations