Asụsụ Karu

Karu, otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ a na-akpọ Baniwa (Baniva), ma ọ bụ n'ebe ochie Itayaine (Iyaine), bụ asụsụ Arawakan a na-asụ na Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, na Amazonas, Brazil . Ọ mebere obere otu na asụsụ Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro na Guarequena .  Enwere 10,000 ọkà okwu. 

 Ụdị dị iche iche 
Aikhenvald (1999)  na-ewere na atọ bụ isi ụdị dị ka olumba; Kaufman (1994) Ọ na-ewere ha dị ka asụsụ , n'otu ìgwè ọ na-akpọ "Karu". Ha bụ:

 Baniwa nke Içana ( Baniua do Içana )
 Curripaco (Kurripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako)
 Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Catapolitani, Kadaupuritana)

A na-akpọ (sub)dialects atọ niile tapuya, okwu Portuguese Brazil na okwu Nheengatu maka ndị na-abụghị ndị Tupi/na-abụghị ndị Guarani nke Brazil (site na okwu Tupi pụtara "onye iro, onye mba ọzọ"). Ndị Baniwa na-asụ ha niile . Ruhlen depụtara ihe niile dị ka "Izaneni"; Adzánani nke Greenberg (= Izaneni) nwere ike ịbụ nke a.

 Ndịda ( Karotana ): Osimiri Içana dị ala, bụkwa otu ndị bi na Victorino na Osimiri Guainia (ókè Colombia-Venezuela)
 Mapatsi-Dákeenai (Yurupari-Tapuya)
 Wadzoli-Dákeenai (Urubu-Tapuya)
 Dzawi-Minanai (Yauareté-Tapuya)
 Adaro-Minanai (Arara-Tapuya)
 Central ( Baniwa ): n'etiti Osimiri Içana (sitere na Assunção Mission na Siuci-Cachoeira ) na mpaghara ya ( Osimiri Aiari na obere Osimiri Cuiari ); na gburugburu Tunuí
 Hohódeeni
 Walipere-Dákeenai (Siucí-Tapuya)
 Máolieni (Cáuatapuya)
 Mápanai (Ira-Tapuya)
 Awádzoronai
 Molíweni (Sucuriyú-Tapuya)
 Kadáopoliri
 wdg.
 Northern (nke a na-akpọ " Koripako " na Brazil): Osimiri Içana nke elu (site na Matapi n'elu), Osimiri Guainia, isi mmiri nke Osimiri Cuiari . Enwere koodu ISO 639 nke ọ bụla.
 Ayáneeni (Tatú-Tapuya)
 Payoálieni (Pacútapuya)
 Komada-Minanai (Ipéca-Tapuya)
 Kapitti-Minanai (Coatí-Tapuya)
 wdg.

 fonology 
+Udaume [ 5 ] N'ihu Central Azu Elu i iː N'etiti eeː o oː Dị ala a aː

 Mgbe ọ na-eme dị ka mkpụmkpụ, a na-achọpụta ụdaume /ieao/ dị ka [ɪ ɛ ʊ]. Ha na-aghọtakwa dị ka ma mkpụmkpụ na ogologo imi /ĩ ẽ ɐ̃ õ/, [ɪ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ʊ̃].

 Ụda dị nso nwere olu nwere ike ịgbanwe gaa na ụda enweghị olu n'etiti olumba.
 /ŋ/ na-eme naanị mgbe a na-aga n'ihu consonant velar.
 /ɺ̥, ɺ/ dị na mgbanwe efu na [ɾ̥, ɾ]. [ 7 ]

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

 Usoro nhazi 
Baniwa nwere nhazi nrụzi-sative .  Nke a pụtara na a na-edobe isiokwu nke ahịrịokwu intransitive mgbe ụfọdụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nkebiokwu transitive, na mgbe ụfọdụ akara n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka onye ọrịa nke okwu ntụgharị. Na Baniwa nhazi a na-enweta site na nkwekọrịta ọnụ, ya bụ prefixes na enclitics .

 Negation 
Enwere atụmatụ abụọ bụ isi maka mgbagha na ụdị Kurripako-Baniwa: 

 Ihe nrịbama ọjọọ nọọrọ onwe ya
 prefix nke privative ewepụtara ma-

Ụdị dị iche iche nwere akara ọjọọ dị iche iche. Nke a pụtara nke ukwuu nke na ndị na-ekwu okwu na-amata olumba Kurripako dịka okwu 'ee' na 'mba' siri dị. Granadillo, Tania (2014-01-01). "On Negation in Kurripako Ehe-Khenim". Negation in Arawak Languages. pp. 74–85. doi:10.1163/9789004257023_005. ISBN 978-90-04-25701-6. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
Olumba Ekwuru na Ee Mba Aha-Khuri Colombia, Venezuela na Brazil Aha Khuri Ehe-Khenim Venezuela Ehe Khenim Aho-Karo Colombia na Brazil Oh Karo Oho-Ñame Colombia na Brazil Oh Ñame
Ihe nrịbama ọjọọ nke nọọrọ onwe ya na-abịa n'ihu ngwaa ahụ. A na-eji ha dị ka ndị na-agbagha agbagha n'okwu nkwupụta na ajụjụ ajụjụ. A na-ejikwa ha jikọta nkebiokwu. 

Mgbakwunye nzuzo ahụ na-ejikọta na aha iji wepụta ngwaa nke pụtara 'enweghị' aha nke e si na ya nweta. Ihe na-emegide prefix nke nzuzo bụ prefix ka- . Nke a na-enweta ngwaa nke pụtara 'inwe' aha nke e si na ya nweta.  Enwere ike ịkọwa ọdịiche dị n'okpuru:

 Noun: iipe 'anụ'
 Nkeonwe: ma- iipe > meepe 'dị gịrịị' (lit. enweghị anụ)
 Àgwà: ka- iipe > debe 'abụ abụba' (lit. nwee anụ)

A na-eji prefix a na nchikota ya na suffix mmachi -tsa iji mepụta ihe na-adịghị mma, dịka ma- ihnia -tsa 'Eriela! '. A na-ewukwa prefix nkeonwe na Proto-Arawak privative dị ka *ma-. 

 Usoro okwu 
Granadillo (2014) na-ewere Kurripako ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ VOS . 

 Okwu okwu 
+Ngwaa  Baniwa Bekee Kapa Iji hụ Za Ịṅụ mmanya Himma Ịnụ Cami Ịnwụ Nu Ịbịa
+BaniwaEnglishatxinarimaninarruwomanyene-patiboyinarrugirlyém-betichildpa-dzofathernoo-duamothernoenipesonnoo-idodaughternuda-querrigrandchildnuda-quedagrand-daughternutxi-marrégenrenoo-itodaughter-in-lawnoo-querriunclenocuiroauntni-rinephewnôpérrirrinieceno-ribrother-in-lawno-i-duasister-in-lawnoo-perrigrandfatherindaque-duagrandmotherne-wi-daheadno-txieyesnotxi-macaiaright eyenoca-cudaleft eyenotxi-coréhairnoécoáforeheadnoéniearsitaconosenunumamouthnoénénetonguenoé-txateethnunumaialipsnuca-cuiàfacenué-râchinnué-galiconecknuqui-apàshouldersno-cudàchestnumiruapiribsnucaréheartno-enilungno-au-àstomachnona-paright or left armno-capiright or left handno-motxinavelno-capuirafingersno-cotxilegno-ipàfootno-ipé-uidàtoesno-coro-dato heelnosso-tànaile-enoskye-uitxistarsamôrisunke-rrimoone-enothunderbolte-quapidayde-pinighti-zzapàhill, mountainu-unirivercá-retálakei-zzáraincuárawindinhau-opostreamu-niwaterqué-véréislandri-ipáwaterfallkenihéfarmpan-etehouseni-dácanoeti-ináranchi-ipaíyardti-izzéfire, firewoodtizé-venemberye-tánetworku-paífloorai-cotreecuiagourdno-inhau-adáfoodcápadomá-tariaxeto-rropanto-ro-dáclay potguaraiabasketdôpetzisieveparanábananacae-inimaniocma-tsocaflournoo-cacá, cará-atxisweet potatoa-pipeppermapasugar canematxucáchickenrie-féeggci-nodoga-pidzápigtzzauiouncené-irrideerti-itxiagoutiaridariarmadilloe-mátapircal-xerrialligatorcu-péfishacorroanimalhaméantmaroiobeadsyukirasaltpalitomatchestxurratrousersma-uidácombhon-honyescuri-papanono-i-nosingleno-i-nerrimarriedno-ine-dzangowidowerma-txi-ádegooddopouglymatxidébada-perricolda-mûdehot, warmtacuafevercá-ideachepauéridzaonedzamâuaritwomadariauithreeuadácafour

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Gonçalves, Artur Garcia. 2018. Para uma dialetologia baniwa-koripako do rio Içana . Akwụkwọ edemede MA, Universidade de Brasília.

 Ntụaka 

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 


 Njikọ mpụga 

 Asụsụ Baniva del Guainia
 Baniwa nke mkpokọta Aiary na Içana nke Robin M. Wright na ebe nchekwa nke asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Latin America.
 Nchịkọta Curripaco nke Jonathan Hill na ebe nchekwa nke asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Latin America.
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