Bull-leaping

Ịgba ọsọ ehi (Grik oge ochie: ,  ) bụ okwu maka ụdị dị iche iche nke ọgụ ehi na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike. Ụfọdụ na-adabere na emume oge ochie sitere na mmepeanya Minoan nke na-agụnye onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-awụli elu n'azụ ehi (ma ọ bụ ehi). Dị ka egwuregwu ọ na-adịgide na Spain, na ehi, dị ka mbelata; na France nke oge a, na-ejikarị ehi karịa ehi, dị Ka ; na Tamil Nadu, India na ehi dị ka Jallikattu.

Omenala na-awụli elu n'elu ehi bụ ihe na Middle Bronze Age figurative art, karịsịa na Minoan art, na ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe Minoan a hụrụ na Mycenaean Greece, mana a na-ahụkwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ na Hittite Anatolia, Levant, Bactria na Indus Valley. A na-akọwakarị ya dị ka ihe ngosi nke ememe a na-eme n'ihe metụtara Ofufe ehi.

 Ihe oyiyi 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe nkiri ịwụli elu n'ime vases Hüseyindede bụ nke Ndị Het oge ochie, ihe dịka 1650 BC.
Younger (1995) kewara ihe ngosi ịwụli elu na Bronze Age Aegean art dị ka ndị a:

 Ụdị nke m: onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-abịakwute ehi ahụ site n'ihu, na-ejide mpi, ma na-awụli elu azụ
 Ụdị nke Abụọ: onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-abịakwute ehi ahụ site n'ihu, na-abanye n'elu mpi n'emetụghị ha aka ma jiri aka ya na-akwagharị onwe ya site n'azụ ehi ahụ n'azụ azụ.
 Ụdị nke Atọ: a na-egosi onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'etiti ikuku n'azụ ehi, na-eche ihu n'otu ụzọ ahụ anụmanụ ahụ

A na-ahụkarị ihe ngosi nke ụdị nke atọ na Late Minoan IIIB art (narị afọ nke iri na anọ ruo iri na atọ BC). Ihe osise Minoan sitere na Tell el-Daba (Avaris, Egypt) nke sitere na usoro Ọchịchị nke iri na asatọ (narị afọ nke iri na isii ruo nke iri na anọ BC) na-egosi atụmatụ yiri nke ahụ ma e wezụga ezigbo ihe ndị Ijipt, nke mere na a na-ekwukarị na ọ bụ ndị ọrụ aka Minoan kama ịbụ ndị Minoan kpọmkwem, ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-arụ ụka. A pụkwara itinye ha dị ka ihe ịchọ mma n'obí eze n'ihi na e wuru obí eze ahụ maka nwa eze nwanyị Aegean lụrụ Fero Hyksos.

A chọtawo ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ịwụli elu na Siria, dị ka akara akara cylinder a chọtara na ọkwa nke asaa na Alalakh (oge Babilọn Ochie, narị afọ nke 19 ma ọ bụ nke 18 BC) na-egosi ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ na-eme aka n'azụ ehi, na akara ankh etinye n'etiti ha, akara ọzọ nke onye na-ejere Shamshi-Adad I ozi (ihe dị ka 1800 BC), ma e wezụga ihe atụ ndị Siria ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, a chọtara ite e sere ese na Hüseyindede na 1997, nke sitere na Alaeze Ochie nke ndị Het (narị afọ nke iri na asatọ ruo iri na ise BC).

 Ebe Mọnk nke Mọnk 
A na-eche na ịwụli elu ehi bụ emume dị mkpa n'okpukpe nke mmepeanya Minoan na Bronze Age Crete. Dị ka ọ dị na mmepeanya ndị ọzọ nke Mediterenian, ehi bụ isiokwu nke nsọpụrụ na ofufe. Ihe nnọchianya nke Bull na obí eze nke Knossos bụ ihe nnọchianya zuru ebe niile na nka na ịchọ mma nke ebe nchọpụta ihe ochie a.

Echiche ahụ, nke ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụrịta ụka n'ọtụtụ ebe, bụ na ihe oyiyi ahụ na-anọchite anya egwuregwu na / ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu mmadụ - ma ndị nwoke ma ndị nwanyị - na-awụli elu n'elu ehi dị ka akụkụ nke ememe. A na-eche na emume a bụ ịwụli elu n'elu ehi, nke mere na mgbe onye na-awụli elu jidere mpi ehi ahụ, ehi ahụ ga-eji ike na-awịgo olu ya elu, na-enye onye na-agba ọsọ ume dị mkpa iji mee somersaults na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ.

Barbara Olsen, osote prọfesọ nke Greek na Roman Studies na Vassar College, gbakwunyere na egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ize ndụ maka ndị sonyere. "Site n'ihe oyiyi ahụ, ọ dị ka ha [na-awụli elu n'elu ehi] nke ọma - ndị Minoan anaghị enye anyị ihe oyiyi ime ihe ike, ya mere ịwụli elu ehi na-ejikarị nke ọma, " Kolitz, Daniel (January 6, 2020). "What Was the Most Fun Thing Humans Could Do 5,000 Years Ago?". Gizmodo. mana ihe nkiri na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ na "rhyton nke onye ọkpọ" nke a hụrụ na Hagia Triada na-egosi na mmerụ ahụ abụghị ihe a na-amaghị.

 Ịgba ọsọ ehi n'oge a 
A ka na-eme ịwụli elu ehi na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ France, ebe a maara ya dị ka usoro landaise, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ehi na-eme ihe ike eme ihe kama ehi. Ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị nke ehi na-alụ ọgụ a zụlitere maka corrida na Spain. Otú ọ dị, a na-eji ehi eme ihe otu ugboro n'afọ, na Festival of Art and Courage. Obodo Mont-de-Marsan dị na Gascony bụ nke a ma ama maka ezigbo ndị na-awụli elu ma ọ bụ 'ndị na-awị elu' na écarteurs ('ndị na'agba ọsọ') na-eyi uwe elu. Ha na-asọ mpi n'ìgwè, na-anwa iji mgbochi ha na-eme ihe nkiri iji zere ebubo ehi.

A na-eduzi ehi site na iji eriri ogologo eji ụkwụ na mpi ya, nke mere na ọ na-agba ọsọ kpọmkwem na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ma jide ya ịzọ ụkwụ ma ọ bụ iji jiri ha ma ọ na ha adaa.  Ọ bụ ebe na ọ dịghị ihe ize ndụ ọ àlà maka ehi n'ụdị a, ọ bụ egwuregwu dị oke egwu maka ndị mmadụ na-ekere òkè;  e gburu onye gburu a ma ama si Montois, Jean-Pierre Rachou, na 2001 mgbe ọ dara n'isi ya mgbe ehi ehi ya..

A na-eme mmemme landaises site na Machị ruo Ọktoba n'oge mmemme n'ọtụtụ obodo na obodo, gụnyere Nogaro, Mont-de-Marsan, Dax, Castelnau-d'Auzan, na ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ.  E nwekwara asọmpi mba.

Ndị Tamil na-emekwa ịwụli elu na steeti Tamil Nadu nke India, a na-akpọkwa ya jallikattu, salikkattu, eru thazhuvuthal na manju virattu.  Ọ bụ ihe ngosi nke a na-ahapụ ehi, dị ka Pulikulam ma ọ bụ Kangayam, n'ime ike mmadụ, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-ekere òkè na-anwa nnukwu hump n'azụ ehi ahụ na aka abụọ ma kwụgide ya ka ehi ahụ na-anwa ịgbapụ.  ngwaọrụ na-ejide hump ruo ogologo oge o kwere mee, na-anwa ime ka ndị na-eme ụmụaka.  N'ụdị ụfọdụ, ndị àmà ga-agba ogologo oge iji ọkọlọtọ na mpi ehi.

A na-emekarị Jallikattu na steeti India nke Tamil Nadu dị ka akụkụ nke ememe Pongal na ụbọchị Mattu Pongal, nke na-eme kwa afọ na Jenụwarị.

Dị ka enwere ihe mmerụ ahụ na ọnwụ metụtara egwuregwu ahụ, ma ndị sonyere na anụmanụ ndị a manyere n'ime ya, òtù na-ahụ maka ikike anụmanụ akpọọla oku ka amachibido egwuregwu ahụ, nke kpatara ụlọ ikpe  machibidoro ya ọtụtụ ugboro n'ime afọ gara aga.  Agbanyeghị, na mkpesa sitere na ndị mmadụ megide mmachibido iwu ahụ, e mere iwu ọhụrụ na 2017 iji gaa n'ihu egwuregwu ahụ..

A na-eme omenala yiri nke ahụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna nke ka njọ nke ịwụli elu ehi na-enweghị ihe ike, na-ebelata, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Spain. Ndị ọkachamara toreros (ndị na-alụ ọgụ ehi), ndị a maara dị ka , na-asọ mpi na-agba ọsọ na ịwụli elu n'elu ehi n'ejighị okpu ma ọ bụ mma agha. Ụfọdụ  na-eji ogologo osisi na-awụli elu n'elu anụmanụ na-akwụ ụgwọ, nke buru ibu karịa ụdị eji eme egwuregwu French, na-enweghị mgbochi site na eriri ọ bụla na-eduzi ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa yiri ya.

 Hụkwa 

 Ịkụ ehi
 Ịlụ ọgụ ehi
 Ịgba ọsọ ehi
 Ịgba ọsọ nke ehi

 Ihe odide 

 Collon, D.; "Bull-Leaping in Syria"; International Journal for Egyptian Archaeology and Related Disciplines 4 (1994); peeji nke 81-88. 
 McInerney, J.; "Bulls and Bull-leaping in the Minoan World"; Expedition Magazine 53:3 (December 2011).
 Marinatos, Nanno; "The Export Significance of Minoan Bull-leaping Scenes"; International Journal for Egyptian Archaeology and Related Disciplines 4 (1994); peeji nke 89-93. 
 Marinatos, Nannó; "Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol"; Studies in Comparative Religion; Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1993.
 Shaw, Maria C.; "Ihe osise na-awụli elu site n'okpuru Ramp House na Mycenae: ọmụmụ ihe na ihe oyiyi na nnyefe nka"; The Annual of the British School at Athens 91 (1996); peeji nke 167-190 
 Sipahi, Tunç; "Ihe akaebe Ọhụrụ sitere na Anatolia Banyere Ihe nkiri Bull Na-awụli elu na Art nke Aegean na Near East"; Anatolica 27 (2001); peeji nke 107-125. 
 Younger, J.; "Bronze Age Representations of Aegean Bull-Games, III"; Aegaeum 12 (1995); peeji nke 507-46, PDF. 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Brennan, Marie (2005); "Bull-Leaping in Bronze Age Crete"; Strange HorizonsEbe Ndị A Na-amaghị Ama
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations