Asụsụ Ticuna

Ticuna, Tikuna, Tucuna ma ọ bụ Tukuna bụ asụsụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 50,000 na-asụ na Amazon Basin, gụnyere mba Brazil, Peru, na Colombia . Ọ bụ asụsụ obodo nke ndị Ticuna, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka "kwụsiri ike" site na ethnologue.  A na-ekewa Ticuna n'ozuzu dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, mana ọ nwere ike jikọta ya na asụsụ Yuri na-ekpochapụ (lee Tïcuna-Yuri ) na enweela nchọpụta ụfọdụ na-egosi myirịta dị n'etiti Ticuna na Carabayo .   Ọ bụ asụsụ ụda, ya mere ihe okwu nwere otu fọnịm pụtara nwere ike ịdịgasị iche nke ukwuu site n'ịgbanwe ụda eji akpọ ha.

A makwaara Tïcuna dị ka Magta, Maguta, Tucuna/Tukuna, na Tukna.

 Nhazi 
Ụfọdụ ejikọtala asụsụ Ticuna nke ọma n'ime atụmatụ nke macro-arawakano ma ọ bụ na nnukwu akụ macro-tukano, n'agbanyeghị na nhazi ọkwa ndị a bụ nnukwu ntule n'ihi enweghị ihe akaebe. Echiche na-adịbeghị anya ejikọtala Yuri-Ticuna na asụsụ Saliban na Hoti na ngwaahịa Duho .  Otú ọ dị, nkwekọrịta asụsụ bụ na Ticuna nwere ike na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ọnọdụ ya ugbu a, ebe ọ bụ na Yuri anwụọla.

 Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya 

 Brazil 
Ticuna bụ asụsụ ụmụ amaala a kacha asụ na Brazil. 

N'agbanyeghị ịbụ ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị 50% nke Ticunas, Brazil ka malitere itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ asụsụ obodo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ticunas Brazil nwere ugbu a akwụkwọ e dere ede na agụmakwụkwọ nke Brazil National Foundation for the Indian (FUNAI) na Ministry of Education nyere. Ndị nkuzi obodo a zụrụ na Portuguese ma Ticuna na-eji akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na Ticuna akụziri ụmụaka asụsụ ahụ. Otu nnukwu oru ngo a na-edekọ akụkọ ọdịnala ma na-ede ha iji nye ndị Ticunas gụrụ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ha ga-eji na-eme ya.

Agụmakwụkwọ Ticuna abụghị ihe ùgwù, kama ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ sara mbara nke gọọmentị Brazil na-arụ iji nye ndị niile pere mpe mmụta mmụta n'asụsụ nke ha.

Na 2012, gọọmenti Brazil malitere mkpọsa izi ihe maka igbochi ọrịa AIDS na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ na Brazil e mere n'asụsụ ụmụ amaala. 

 Peru 
Ticunas dị na Peru enweela agụmakwụkwọ asụsụ obodo opekata mpe kemgbe 1960. Ha na-eji usoro ihe odide nke bụ, o doro anya, bụ ntọala maka mmepe nke Brazil. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị Peruvian Ticunas nwere nwere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ndị a ma ama.

 Colombia 
A na-akụzi Ticuna Colombia n'asụsụ Spanish, mgbe ha nwere ohere ịga akwụkwọ ma ọlị. Kemgbe e hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ Ticuna na Brazil ụfọdụ agbaala mbọ ịga ha  .

 Ozi Ndị Kraịst 
Ọtụtụ ozi Ndị Kraịst erutela ndị Ticuna. Ministri ndị a atụgharịwo Bible gaa n'asụsụ Ticuna, nweekwa ihe ngosi redio ụbọchị izu nke ndị Ministri Latịn America (LAM) na-agbasa na Ticuna, Portuguese na Spanish. 

 mmuta 
E wezụga iji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Ticuna, asụsụ ahụ nwere akwụkwọ iri na abụọ a na-ebipụta kwa afọ, ma na Brazil na Peru. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na-eji usoro ederede ụda olu a haziri ahazi na-eji mgbakọ ndị yiri nke a na-achọta n'asụsụ Portuguese (ma e wezụga K kama C na akwụkwọ ozi Ñ kama NH) kama nrịbama sayensị dị mgbagwoju anya a chọtara, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ebe ngosi nka asụsụ .

N'ụlọ akwụkwọ, a na-akụzi Ticuna n'ụzọ nkịtị. A na-akụziri ụmụaka ndị nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mpaghara ndị ozi ala ọzọ Katọlik ma ọ bụ Portuguese ma ọ bụ Spanish. 

 fonology 

 Udaume 
Ụdaume bụ  . Enwere ike ịgbanye ụdaume imi na/ma ọ bụ gosi ụda na-adịghị mma, nke a na-ewetu ụda n'okpuru.  Enwere diphthongs  na  nke na-ebu otu ụda, na-emegide usoro ụdaume  na  nke na-ebu ụda abụọ.

Udaume isii ahụ nwere ike ịbụ imi ma ọ bụ laryngealized. A na-asụpe ụdaume nke isii ü .
N'ihu Central Azu oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal Mechie plain i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ creaky ḭ ḭ̃ ɨ̰ ɨ̰̃ ṵ ṵ̃ N'etiti plain e ẽ o õ creaky ḛ ḛ̃ o̰ õ̰ Mepee plain a ã creaky a̰ ã̰

 Ụda 
Ticuna bụ asụsụ ụda na-adịghị ahụkebe maka South America, nwere ihe karịrị ụda 10 na-abụkarị contour. Ticuna nwere otu n'ime ihe nrụpụta ụda kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa nwere ụda ụda 8–12 dabere na olumba. A na-egosipụta ụda naanị n'ụdị ederede, yana ụda olu, mgbe enwere ike [ ] anya.

 Consonants 
Consonants nke Ticuna nwere fọnịm ndị a: 
 Bilabial eze Palatal Velar Glottal Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta voiceless p t ( ɟ ) k ʔ voiced b d dʒ g imi m n ɲ ŋ Mmiri mmiri ɾ Mmanya w j
N'obodo, Ticuna enweghị mpụta ma ọ bụ uvular consonants,  ọ bụ ezie na /l/ dị na ụfọdụ okwu mgbazinye Spanish.

Njikọ ahụ  Enwere ike ịkpọ (speedi "y") dị ka ,  na kwa , ma ọ bụ naanị tupu ụdaume  . A Central  Enwere ike ịkpọ ụda ụdaume dị ka azụ  ụda. Ụda ndị ọzọ,  dị na Spanish mgbazinye ego.

Consonants nwekwara ike glottalized. A na-asụpe nkwụsị Glottal x.

 Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ 
Ticuna bụ asụsụ na-ekewapụ onwe ya n'ụzọ morphological, nke pụtara na ọtụtụ okwu nwere naanị otu morpheme. Agbanyeghị, okwu Ticuna na-enwekarị ihe karịrị otu nkeji okwu, n'adịghị ka asụsụ kewapụrụ iche dị ka Vietnamese . N'ụdị, usoro okwu Ticuna bụ isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe (SVO), n'agbanyeghị na nke a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'asụsụ a.

Nnyocha egosila na asụsụ ụda dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ụda dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ike ime na mpaghara oke iru mmiri yana oke okpomoku dị elu n'ihi na ekwenyere na mpịaji olu nwere ike iwepụta ụda na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na oyi na-ekpo ọkụ. Ticuna bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ndị e lekwasịrị anya n'ihe ọmụmụ a n'ihi oke ya - yana mgbagwoju anya - nke ụda. 

 Syntax 
Ticuna na-egosiputa nhazi aha/nkwudo, ya na mmadụ, nọmba, klaasị aha, na ụdị nkebiokwu edepụtara na ngwaa site na proclitics. Ngwaa na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-amasịkarị isiokwu- (Ihe) - usoro okwu ngwaa, ebe ngwaa na-enweghị ebubo na-egosi mmasị maka usoro okwu ngwaa-isiokwu. 

 Okwu nkịtị "Vocabularin in Native American Languages: Ticuna Words". Native Languages. 
Okwu Ticuna Pụtara Wụxi Otu Ụtụ isi Abụọ Tomaxixpü Atọ Ãgụmücü Anọ Ngwa mixepüx Ise Naixmixwa rü wüxi Isii Naixmixwa rü taxre Asaa Naixmixwa rü tomaxixpü Asato Naixmixwa rü ãgümücü Itoolu Guxmixepüx Iri Chatü Nwoke Ngexüi Nwanyị Airu Nkịta Yake Anyanwụ Ememe Ọnwa Dexá Mmiri
Okwu ọnụ na Ticuna na-egosi usoro ngụkọ isi ise dịka okwu ise bụ nchikota nke "otu ise". Isii rue itoolu nwere otu mmalite "naixmixwa rü" wee tinye ụkpụrụ maka otu site na anọ n'otu n'otu (nke ahụ bụ "naixmixwa rü" na "wüxi" pụtara otu). 

 Ọmụmaatụ nke asụsụ asụ 
Enwere ike ịchọta ihe atụ nke Ticuna a na-ekwu okwu ebe a . 
Akpaokwu  Pụtara Nuxmaxē pa corix ekele izugbe a gwara nwoke ("sir") Nuxmaxē pa chiurax ekele izugbe a gwara nwanyị ("madam") Nuxmaxē pa yimax ekele izugbe a gwara nwoke (“onye ibe”) Nuxmaxē pa woxrecü ekele izugbe a gwara nwanyị ("nwa agbọghọ") Nuxmaxē pa pcüx ekele izugbe a gwara otu nwa agbọghọ ("miss") Nuxmaxē pa chomücüx ekele izugbe gwara enyi ya Nuxmax ekele izugbe gwara onye ọbịbịa Kedu ihe kpatara ya? Ebee ka ị na-aga? (kwuru otu onye) Gịnị mere? Ebee ka ị na-aga? (gwara otu ìgwè) Ngexta ne cuxū? Ebee ka i si bia? (kwuru otu onye) Ngexta ne pexī? Ebee ka i si bia? (gwara otu ìgwè)

 Okwu (Loukotka 1968) 
Loukotka (1968) depụtara ihe ndị a bụ isi okwu. 
kenkowaputa Tucuna otu woi abuo tadi atọ mmapo isi na-eró nti na-chin eze ná-puita nwoke yáte ọkụ ọo anyanwụ ọke ụwa nka ọka chawue tapir nka

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 "Tikuna mkparịta ụka" - Ticuna N'ezie na ụtọ asụsụ na Summer Institute of Linguistics
 Akwụkwọ Ticuna maka nbudata
 Ngwa OLAC na gbasara asụsụ Ticuna
 Akwụkwọ asụsụ Ticuna (tca): Ntuziaka maka ihe dị na ebe nchekwa Asụsụ California (Skilton 2021)
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