Asụsụ Thao

Thao ( /θ aʊ / thow ; Thao: Thau a lalaw ), nke a makwaara dị ka Sao,  bụ asụsụ ndị Thao fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ikpochapụ,  bụ ụmụ amaala Taiwan si mpaghara Sun Moon Lake dị na etiti Taiwan . Ọ bụ asụsụ Formosan nke ezinụlọ Austronesia ;  Barawbaw na Shtafari bụ olumba. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

 Aha 
Aha Thao pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "onye", sitere na Proto-Austronesia * Cau . Ya mere ọ na-ejikọta ya na aha Tsou .

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
A mara Thao ikwu okwu n'okpuru ọchịchị Japan nke Taiwan na mgbe e mesịrị ọchịchị Kuomintang, na-enye aka na ọnọdụ ya dị egwu taa. 

Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Thao-English nke Robert A. Blust bipụtara na 2003 site na Academia Sinica 's Institute of Linguistics. 

Na 2014, e nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu L1 anọ na onye na-ekwu okwu L2 nke ọma bi na Ita Thaw (伊達邵) obodo (nke a na-akpọ Barawbaw), ha niile ma otu n'ime ha karịrị afọ iri isii. Ndị ọkà okwu [ merela ] nwụrụ na Disemba nke afọ ahụ, gụnyere onye isi Tarma (袁明智), afọ 75. A kọrọ na ndị ọkà okwu L1 ndị agadi anọ na ụfọdụ ndị na - ] [ na 2021. 

 fonology 

 Consonants 
+Ndepụta nke consonantLabial eze Alveolar Mkpesa-<br id="mwWw"><br><br><br> Alveolar Velar Uvula Glottal Plosive p b t d k q ʔ Nke na-ese okwu f ( v ) θ ð s ʃ  h Mkpesa n'akụkụɬ  Kpatụ ma ọ bụ kpatụ  ɾ  imi m n ŋ  Odika w l j 
ndetu orthographic :

  are written ⟨th z sh⟩. However,  is written ⟨c⟩ in Blust's dictionary.
  is written ⟨lh⟩.
  is written ⟨ng⟩. However,  is written ⟨g⟩ in Blust's dictionary.
  is written ⟨'⟩.

ndetu :

 Ihe nkiri  ewepụtara site na ụdaume ala  iji mezuo ihe a chọrọ na syllable ga-enwe consonants mmalite na igosi ndobe nrụgide nke ọma.
 [v] bụ allophone nke  na-eme intervocalically.

 Udaume 
+Ndepụta ụdaumeN'ihu Central Azu Elu i u Elu ( e ) ( o ) Dị ala a
ndetu :

 Nchegbu bụ penultimate, ma ọ bụghị nwere ike dee ⟨ á í ú ⟩ dị ka na "dadú", ma ugboro abụọ ⟨ aa ii uu ⟩ na-ejikarị eme ihe, dị ka na "daduu".
  na  na-eme dị ka allophones nke  na , otu ọ bụla, mgbe buru ụzọ ma ọ bụ soro ya  ma ọ bụ  .

 Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ 
Thao nwere usoro abụọ ma ọ bụ nke a na-arụrịta ụka na atọ nke mmụgharị : Ca-reduplication, ntughari zuru oke, na ngbanwe ziri ezi (nke a na-ewere mgbe ụfọdụ ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ngbanwe zuru ezu).

Ngwa ngwa Thao nwere ụdị mgbado anya ndị a (Blust 2003:239).

 Onye na-eme ihe nkiri: -um- (ugbu a), ma- (ọdịnihu)
 Onye ọrịa: -na, -na-
 Ebe: -an

 Syntax 
Usoro okwu Thao nwere ike ịbụ ma SVO na VSO, ọ bụ ezie na nke mbụ sitere na Taiwanese Hokkien (Blust 2003: 228).

Ihe nrịbama onwe nke Thao bụ "ti" (Blust 2003: 228). Ihe ọjọọ gụnyere "ani" na "antu"; A na-eji "ata tu" eme ihe n'ewu ụlọ "emela". Akara nke zuru oke bụ "iza", gara aga site na infix obere mmalite mmalite mmalite "-in-" yana ọdịnihu site na nganiihu "a-". A na-eji "-í" akara na ihe ndị dị nro dị nro ma ọ bụ arịrịọ ndị a sụgharịrị nke ọma dị ka "biko" site na "-uan" mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụpe "-wan" nke nwere ike imekọ ọnụ na "-í".

 Nkpọaha 
Mkpọaha aha nke Thao dị n'okpuru sitere na Blust (2003:207). Rịba ama na e nwere naanị 1 ụdị nke ọ bụla maka "anyị (naanị)," "gị (ọtụtụ)" na "ha."
+Aha aha nke Thao Ụdị nke Aha aha Nhọpụta ebubo Genitive Onye nnọchi anya Onye ọrịa 1s. yaku yakin nha  2s. ihu ihu-n m-ihu  ahuhu ahuhu-n 3s. ya mere nke-n nke ahụ  1p. (gụnyere) ita ita-n m-ita 1p. (Ewezuga) yamin yamin yamin 2p. manụ manụ manụ 3p. thaythuy thaythuy thaythuy
Okwu nnọchiaha ndị ọzọ gụnyere:


 Mgbakwunye 
E sitere na Blust (2003:92-188) nweta nkwudo ndị a ma gbanwee ka ọ dị na mkpope ọgbara ọhụrụ.


 Ihe ndetu 

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Kaịpuleohone dekọrọ ihe ndekọ ọdịyo Robert Blust nke Thao
 Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典(in Chinese) - ibe ọchụchọ Thao na "akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị" nke weebụsaịtị nyocha na mmepe asụsụ ụmụ amaala.
 Ihe nkuzi na nkwado Thao nke Council of Indigenous People of Taiwan (in Chinese) bipụtara.
 Ntụgharị Thao nke mgbaghara Onye isi ala Tsai Ing-wen 2016 nye ụmụ amaala – nke e bipụtara na webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala.
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations