Asụsụ Kituba

Kituba ( Kituba  , Kituba   ) bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị na Central Africa . Ọ bụ asụsụ creole  dabere na Kikongo, asụsụ Bantu . Ọ bụ asụsụ obodo na Republic of the Congo na Democratic Republic of the Congo .

 Aha 
A maara Kituba n'ọtụtụ aha n'etiti ndị na-asụ ya. Na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ a na-akpọ asụsụ Kikongo-Kituba .

Na Republic of the Congo a na-akpọ ya Munukutuba, nkebi ahịrịokwu nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "M na-ekwu",  na-eji na Republic's 1992 iwu.  Nke ikpeazụ ( Kituba ) pụtara "ụzọ ikwu okwu"  : 213 a na-ejikwa ya na iwu 2015. 

Na Democratic Republic of the Congo a na-akpọ ya Kikongo ya leta ("Kikongo steeti"  ma ọ bụ "Government Kikongo"  ), ma ọ bụ Kikongo de L'état, dị mkpụmkpụ na Kileta .  : 212 N'ụzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, a na-akpọkwa ya Kikongo, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị Kongo (Kikongo),  ya bụ Kwango na Kwilu Provinces. Iwu nke Democratic Republic of Congo depụtara "Kikongo" dịka otu n'ime asụsụ obodo.   Kikongo a na-asụ n'akụkụ Lingala n'ime ime obodo bụ n'ezie Kituba.   : 30 

There are also other historical names such as Kibula-matadi (literally "the stone-breaker's speech"), (literally "be not", "it isn't so"), Kikwango, and Kizabave (literally "do not know"), but they have largely fallen out of use.

 Nkesa ala 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px| Maapụ olumba nke Kikongo na Kituba. NB:    Kisikongo (nke ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ na-akpọkwa Kisansala) bụ Kikongo a na-asụ na Mbanza Kongo. Kisikongo abụghị protolanguage nke ụyọkọ asụsụ Kongo.
Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Kituba bi na Democratic Republic of Congo. A na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ franca izizi na mpaghara Kongo Central, Kwango na Kwilu na nke dị ntakịrị na Kinshasa, Mai-Ndombe na Kasai .

A na-asụ Kituba na ndịda nke Republic of Congo, na mpaghara Kouilou, Pointe-Noire, Niari, Bouenza, Lékoumou na isi obodo Brazzaville . Lingala ka ewu ewu na ugwu.

A na-asụkwa Kituba n'akụkụ ugwu nke Angola, ebe ọ bụ na mba ndị nke oge a na-agafe mpaghara ebo na alaeze oge ochie, na ugwu Angola na mpaghara Kwango nke Democratic Republic of Congo bụ mpaghara siri ike na-asụ Kituba. 

Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nghọta n'etiti onwe ha, e nwere ndịiche, tumadi n'okwu okwu, n'etiti mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo, na ndị ọzọ n'etiti Kituba a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ na nke a na-asụ na Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). 

 Ọkwa gọọmentị 
Kituba bụ asụsụ obodo na Republic of Congo na Democratic Republic of Congo. Na omume okwu asusu obodo pụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ nchịkwa mpaghara, agụmakwụkwọ elementrị, na azụmaahịa.

Asụsụ obodo bụkwa nke a na-eji maka nzikọrịta ozi ọha na eze. Redio na telivishọn ọha na eze na Democratic Republic of Congo na na Republic of Congo na-eji Kituba dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ha bụ isi maka akụkọ mgbede.     
+ Ahụrụ m gị n'anya na kituba Mu (ma ọ bụ Munu, Mono) zola nge / Munu me zola nge / Mu me zola nge / Me zola nge / Mono (ma ọ bụ Mu, Munu) ke zola nge

 Aha aha 
Kituba echekwawo ma buru ibu klas aha nke agbụrụ Kikongo nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Klas nke 9 na nke 11 ejikọtara ọnụ na klaasị otu nwere prefix efu, yana ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji prefix klaasị ọtụtụ.
SingularPluralClassPrefixExampleClassPrefixExample0–mama ('mother)2ba-bamama (mothers)1mu-muntu (person)2ba-bantu (people)3mu-mulangi (bottle)4mi-milangi (bottles)5di-dinkondo (banana)6ma-mankondo (bananas)7ki-kima (thing)8bi-bima (things)9n-/m-nkosi (lion)2+9ba-n-bankosi (lions)11lu-ludimi (tongue)2+11ba-lu-baludimi (tongues)12ka-kakima (trifle)13tu-tubima (trifles)14bubumbote (goodness)15ku-kubanza (to think, thinking)

 Ngwaa 
Kituba nwere usoro ọnụ okwu mepere emepe nke ọma gụnyere ụda ụtọasụsụ na akụkụ . Ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaa nwere ogologo na nkenke nsụgharị. A na-eji ụdị ogologo ahụ eme ihe na nzikọrịta ozi ederede ebe ndị dị mkpụmkpụ etolitela maka nkwurịta okwu.

A na-egosi njikọ ngwaa ma ọ bụ (ịbụ) na-adịghị agafe agafe na tebụl dị n'okpuru. Ọ bụ naanị ngwaa na-adịghị mma na Kituba.
Nsogbu Ogologo ụdị Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ Ọmụmaatụ Ntụgharị asụsụ Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso kele ke Yau kele nkosi. Ọ bụ ọdụm. Ọdịnihu kele/ata kuv(u) anda ke/ta v(u) anda Mu ta vuanda tata. M ga-abụ nna. Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a kele kuv(u)andaka ke v(u)andaka Nge ke vuandaka zoba. Ị na-abụ onye nzuzu. Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu ata kuv(u)andaka ta v(u)ndaka Beno ta vuandaka ya kukuela. Ị ga-alụ. Gara aga v (u) na Yandi vuanda kuna. Ọ nọ ebe ahụ. gara aga na-aga n'ihu v(u) aka Beto vuandaka banduku. Anyị na-abụbu enyi. Zuru oke gara aga mene kuv(u) and m v(u) anda Yandi me vuanda na Matadi. Ọ nọ na Matadi. gara aga zuru oke na-aga n'ihu mene kuv(u)andaka me v(u)ndaka Ọdịiche m nwere ike ime. Ọ bụbu onye nkuzi.
Ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ niile ka ejikọrọ site n'enyemaka ngwaa inyeaka. E gosipụtara njikọ nke ngwaa (ime) na tebụl dị n'okpuru.
Nsogbu Ogologo ụdị Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ Ọmụmaatụ Ntụgharị asụsụ Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso kele nso ka sala Yandi ke sala. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. / Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ. Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a kele nsolaka ke salaka Yandi ke salaka. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Gara aga salaka salaka Yandi salaka. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ. Oge gara aga mee sala m sala Naanị m sala. Ọ rụọla ọrụ. Ngwa ngwa gara aga na-aga n'ihu mene salaka m salaka Ya mere m udo. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. gara aga na-aga n'ihu vuandaka kusala na sala Ọdịiche dị egwu. Ọ na-arụbu ọrụ. Akụkọ sala sala Ọdịnihu atọ sala ta sala Yandi ta sala. Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ. Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu atọ salaka ta salaka Yandi ta salaka. Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ.

 Olu 
Suffix na-egosi olu na-agbakwunye mgbe mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa na tupu suffix na-egosi ike.

Ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ "ila", na-egosi omume n'ebe mmadụ nọ, na "ana", na-egosi imekọ ihe ọnụ ma ọ bụ nkwughachi:

Ịgụ "ịgụ", Tangila "gụọ gaa na", Tangilaka "gụọ gaa" ( gara aga)

Sadisa "iji nyere aka", Sadisana "na-enyere ibe ya aka", Sadisanaka "nyere ibe ya aka (n'oge gara aga) 

 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu 
E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kituba-English-French nke ọkà mmụta asụsụ Harold W. Fehderau, Ph.D., chịkọtara na 1969. Ọ dịghị ebe niile. 

 Lexicon 
Otutu okwu Kituba sitere na Kikongo . Asụsụ Bantu ndị ọzọ emetụtawokwa ya, gụnyere Kiyaka, Kimbala, Kisongo, Kiyansi, Lingala, na Swahili . Na mgbakwunye, ejirila French, Portuguese, na Bekee agbaziri ọtụtụ okwu.  Ndị a gụnyere:

 sanduku (Swah. sanduku) "igbe", okwu Swahili sitere na Arabic صندوق (ṣandūq)
 matáta (Swah. matata) "nsogbu"
 letá (Fr. l'état ) "steeti"
 kamiyó (Fr. camion ) "ụgbọ ala"
 sodá/solodá (Fr. soldat ) "onye agha"
 masínu (Fr. igwe ) "igwe"
 mísa (Port. missa ) "mass"
 kilápi (Port. lápis ) "pen"
 katekisimu (Eng. catechism )
 bóyi (Eng. houseboy )
 sapatu (Port. sapato ) "akpụkpọ ụkwụ"
 mesa (Port. mesa ) "tebulu"
 dikopa (Port. copa ) "iko"
 simisi (Fr. chemise ) "uwe elu"

Nkeji edemede 1 nke nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ tụgharịrị ka ọ bụrụ:

 Bantu nyonso, na mbutukulu kevwandaka na kimpwanza ya bawu, ngenda mpe baluve ya mutindu mosi. Mayela na mbanzulu ke na bawu, ni yawu yina bafwana kusalasana na bumpangi.
 "A mụrụ ụmụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha na mmụọ nke nwanne." 

 Akwụkwọ 
Na 2018, akwụkwọ ( Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: Mbandu ya luzingu nke Protais Yumbi) nke edere na Kikongo ya Leta bụ onye a họpụtara maka Grand Prix of Literary Associations .   Akwụkwọ abụ, Bankunga ya Kintwadi (Abụ nke Mmekọrịta) ka ndị Mennonite Brethren Mission bipụtara na 1988. Ọtụtụ okpukpe Protestant na-eji ya eme ihe.  Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị akwụkwọ na akụkọ asụsụ Kituba bụ Mwinda Project nke ọ bụla Child Ministries' bipụtara. Ndị a na-agụnye isiokwu ndị kwuru banyere mmụta Ndị Kraịst, ihe ọmụmụ Bible maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa, ọzụzụ ndị nkụzi, ahụike, na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. Ndị a dị n'ịntanetị yana n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọba akwụkwọ dị na Democratic Republic of Congo. 

 Hụkwa 

 Habla Congo, na Cuba

 Ntụaka 

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Diener, Ingolf; Maillart, Diana. (1970). Petit okwu Francais-Anglais-Munukutuba. Pointe-Noire.
 Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Parlons munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République démocratique du Congo, Angola, Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, peeji 426.
 Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Pour une histoire du munukutuba, langue bantoue, Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, ibe 130.
 Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Grammaire et lexique munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République Démocratique du Congo, Angola, L'Harmattan, 2009, 344 p. (ISBN 2296226736 et 9782296226739, presentation en ligne, lire en ligne).
 Khabirov, Valeri. (1990). Monokutuba. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu linguistic Encyclopedic. Moscow. "Encyclopedia Soviet". P. 309-310 (Na Russian)
 Fehderau, H., 1966. Mmalite na mmepe nke Kituba . Akwụkwọ edemede PhD, Mahadum Cornell.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Weblink
 Mụta Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) na Mụta101
 Mụta Kituba (Kikongo ya leta) na asụsụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations