Asụsụ Juhaan

Jul'hoan a makwaara dị ka ndịda ma ọ bụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ǃKung ma ọ bụ ǃXun, bụ ụdị ndịda dị iche iche nke ǃKung dialect continuum, nke San Bushmen na-asụ na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia na Northwest District nke Botswana nke San Bushmen na-akọwapụta onwe ha dị ka Juǀʼhoansi.  A na-amata ọtụtụ olumba mpaghara: Epukiro, Tsumǃkwe, Rundu, Omatako na ǂKxʼauǁʼein, ebe Tsumǃkwe bụ onye a kọwara nke ọma na-ewerekarị dị ka onye nnọchiteanya.

 Aha 
A na-asụgharịkwa aha ahụ Juǀʼhoan (na ọtụtụ: Juǀʼhoansi ) Žuǀʼhõa – ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ Zhuǀʼhõa ma ọ bụ Dzuǀʼhõa, dabere n’ọkpụkpụ. Dabere na nhazi ọkwa, a na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị ndịda ma ọ bụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụyọkọ asụsụ ǃKung (a sụgharịkwara ǃXun ). O nwere ike si otú a na-akpọ ya Southern ǃKung, Southeast ǃXun, wdg Juǀʼhoan dabeere na okwu  'ndị mmadụ', nke etinyekwara aka na ụyọkọ asụsụ. (lee asụsụ ǃKung maka ụdị aha ndị ahụ).

 fonology 

 Udaume 
Udaume ọnụ Udaume imi N'ihu Azu N'ihu Azu Mechie i u ĩ ũ N'etiti etiti e o ẽ õ Mepee a ã

 Mgbe ụdaume n'ihu /e/ ma ọ bụ /i/ na-esote consonant nwere mgbochi ụdaume azụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ ịpịnye na uvular articulation), a na-etinye [ə] n'ihu ụdaume n'ihu, edere 'a' n'ọkpụkpụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mi |'ae (onwe m) na-agụ /mi |'əe/.
 Enwere ike ịghọta diphthong /oa/ ka [wa].

Ihe odide nke oge a (1994) nwekwara ih, eh, ah, oh, uh maka ume ume (ụdaume) na ihn, ahn, ohn, uhn maka ụdaume ume ume. Otú ọ dị, Snyman na-ekwusi ike na ndị a bụ mgbanwe ọnọdụ nke ụdaume dị ala, na ọ dịghị mkpa n'ime akwụkwọ edemede (opekata mpe, ọ bụghị ma ọ bụrụ na akara ụda). A na-eji ụda mkpọda dee ụdaume ndị Glottalized n'ọkpụkpụ atọ ahụ.

 Ụtọ asụsụ 
Isi mmalite: Dickens (2009).

Juǀ'hoan na-anọpụ iche, ịbụ asụsụ na-egosi efu na nkebiokwu na nkebiokwu aha. Usoro usoro bụ SVO.

 Aha na nnọchiaha 
A na-achịkọta aha aha n'ime klaasị aha dabere na agụụ na ụdị, ebe klaasị ọ bụla nwere nnochiaha-nhazi. A na-emepụta ọtụtụ ihe site na mbịpụta nke  ma ọ bụ  ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbanwe,  . Ọtụtụ aha na-enwe ọtụtụ ọnụọgụgụ oge, dị ka  ( onye, plural  ).

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, aha , "nkịta", bụ nke klaasị 2, enwere ike ịkpọ ya na nnọchiaha , ebe , "oké ọhịa", bụ nke klas 5, nke nwere  dị ka nnọchiaha ya kwekọrọ.

Klas aha na nnọchiaha aha ha bụ ndị a:
Klas Izugbe Nweere Deictic Ọmụmaatụ 1  (sg);  (abụọ); ,  (pl)  (sg);  (pl)  (sg);  (abụọ); ,  (pl)  "onye" 2 ha (sg); hi (pl) mma (sg); nke (pl) ǁʼàhaà (sg); ǁʼàhìsà (pl) nkịta "nkịta" 3 ha (sg & pl) mma (sg); masị (pl) ǁʼàhaà (sg & pl) Ụdị "meteor" 4 hì (sg & pl) hì (sg); nke (pl) ǁʼàhìà (sg); ǁʼàhìsà (pl) "meteor" 5 ká (sg & pl) gá (sg); gasị (pl) ǁʼàkáà (sg); ǁʼàkásà (pl) "Forest"

 Nkpọaha 
Nnọchiaha onwe onye na ngosipụta bụ:
 Otu Abụọ Ọtụtụ Onye mbụ nanị mí ịsa è, èƃá na-agụnye mtsa m, mma Onye nke abụọ a; há (hort.) ịsa ì, iǃá Onye nke atọ ha (n1-3), hì (n4), ká (n5) sá (n1) hì (n1-2), sị (n1)

 Okwu na akpaokwu nkịtị 

  – Good day
  – Good morning
  – Good evening
  - Good afternoon
  – How are you?
  – Goodbye
  – person
  – people
 ,  – water
  – Bon voyage

 Ihe atụ ederede 
Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ ederede n'asụsụ Juǀʼhoan.  


 Ihe nkiri 

 1980 - Chi ga-abụ onye ara
 1980 – Nǃai, Akụkọ nke nwanyị Kung
 2003 - Njem nke Mmadụ

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 







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 Jupụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi na Global Lexicostatistic Database