Hawu

Asụsụ Hawu (Hawu: Lii Hawu) bụ akara nke Ndị Savu nke Savu Island na Indonesia na nke Raijua Island na nssotụ-azụ azụ nke Savu.  A na-akpọkarị Hawu aha dị iche iche dị ka Havu, Savu, Sabu, Sawu, ndị si n'ụdị àgwà ya dị ka Savu ma ọ bụ Sabu (ya mere Havunese, Savunese, Swunese).[1][2]  Hawu sitere na alaka Malayo-Polynesian nke aha Ili" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian, ọ bụkwa ihe nna ya na Dhao (nke a na-asụ na Rote) na bụ Sumba.[3] A na-ewere Dhao dị ka olumba nke Hawu, mana enwere abụọ ahụ malite ibe ha..

 Asụsụ 
Asụsụ Seba (Mèb'a na Hawu) na-achịkwa, na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ Savu Island na isi obodo Seba.  A na-asụ Timu (Dimu na Hawu) n'ebe ọmụmụ, Mesara (Mehara na Hawu), n'ebe ọmụmụ, na Liae na nsõtụ nke mmalite ahụ.  A na-asụrụ Raijua n nwaetiti nke otu aha ahụ (Rai Jua 'Jua Island'), n'oké osimiri n'ebe ahụ ike Savu..

 Ọdịdị Asụsụ 
Nkọwa na-esonụ dabere na Walker (1982) na Grimes (2006).

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 
Hawu *s, nke e sere n'Oge ndị Portugal na-achị, emeela ka ọ /h/, bụrụ nke na-eme eme na Dhao.  obere akụkụ nke Dhao:
LabialApicalPalatalVelarGlottalNasalStopVoicelessVoicedImplosiveFricative~()Liquid, Approximant()()
Ndị na-asụ ya na kọlụm /n/ bụ apical, ndị nke /ɲ/ kọlụm laminal.  N'asụsụ a na-ama, a na-ede ihe ndị na-egosighị ìhè bụ Ọb', d', j', g'O.  A na-akpọ [v], [β], ma ọ bụ [w].  A na-ahụ so wye /j/ (nke e dere) na akụkụ nke okwu ụfọdụ n'asụsụ Seba ebe akara Timu na Raijua nwere /z/.

Mkpụrụedemede bụ , na  edere na orthography nkịtị. Phonetic long vowel na diphthongs bụ usoro ụdaume. A na-ekwusi ike na mkpụrụedemede / ụdaume nke abụọ.  (Mkpokọta ụdaume ọ bụla mejupụtara nkeji okwu.) Schwa a na-ekwusi ike na-eme ka ụdaume ndị a dị ogologo:

 'na',  'ihe?',  'eri, nri',  'onye agadi', /ŋəlu/ [ˈñəlːu] 'ikuku'.

Mkpụrụ okwu bụ ụdaume (CV) ma ọ bụ ụdaume naanị (V).

Hawu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nke Lesser Sundas, fim Bimanese, Kambera, Komodo, Li'o, Ngad'a, na Riung na-ekerịta egwuregwu implosive (ma ọ bụ ma emu anya pre-glottalized).  Ọ bụ ebe na ndị ọzọ dị nso na mpaghara, ha njikọ enwe njikọ chiri anya.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'òtù dị iche iche dị elu nke Austronesian.  N'ihi ya, ihe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe dị n'inye - ikike site na iwu na mbelata nke ike homorganic n'asụsụ ụfọdụ - ma e jiri ya iso ihe ọhụrụ..

Otú ọ dị, Hawu bụ naanị asụsụ dị na mpaghara ahụ nwere ihe anọ na-apụtaghị ìhè na ndepụta ụdaume ya. Ihe anọ niile nwere ike ịpụta ma okwu-na mbido ma intervocalically.

 Metathesis nke ụdaume akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Hawu bụ nke a na-ahụ ahụkebe, mana ọ bụ nke a zuru oke, nke na-emetụta usoroume Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) *uCa / *uCə na *iCa / *iCə.  Nke mbụ na agbanwe n'ime əCu, nke ikpeazụ n'imeəCi, dị ka egosiri na onye na-esonụ.
PMPHawuNkọwakpuru ìsìụlọịgbọ agbọisi ikeụmụakaọnwa, ọnwaụgbọ mmiriite nriiseole haojii

 Asụsụ 
Hawu bụ la nwere ihe nnọchiteanya preposition ri (asụsụ Seba), ro (Dimu), ma ọ bụ la (Raijua).  [1] bere na- mbu ngwaa mbụ.  Otú ọ dị, ikwu nke ihe nnọchiteanya preposition na-enye ọhọrọ maka usoro okwu nweere onwe ya.  N'etiti ngwaa monovalent, S nwere ike ịpụta tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe ngwaa.  Dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu si, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche n'ihe ọ bụ n'etiti ihe a na-esonụ.

Na enweghị nnọchiaha ergative, ihe owuwu bivalent nwere usoro okwu AVO siri ike.

Mgbe nnọchiaha ergative dị, usoro okwu na-aghọ nke nweere onwe ya. Na mgbakwunye, site na ọnụnọ nke nnọchiaha ergative, ọtụtụ ngwaa na-agafe agafe nwere ụdị pụrụ iche iji gosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ pụrụ iche nke ihe ahụ site na iji "-e" dochie ụdaume ikpeazụ nke ngwaa mgbe ngwaa na -i/, , ma ọ bụ  (dịka  'emetụ ha aka',  'emetụ ya aka') ma ọ bụ "-o" mgbe ngwaa kwụsịrị na  (,  'ichefu'). Ngwaa ndị na-agwụ na  enweghị mgbanwe. Ihe atụ ndị na-esonụ (site n'asụsụ Seba) gosipụtara nhọrọ ole na ole dị, ma gosikwa mgbanwe nke ngwaa  'i' na  mgbe ri dị.

N'ime ahịrịokwu aha, ndị na-agbanwe aha na-agbaso aha ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ụfọdụ okwu ndị ọzọ, dị ka  'ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ' (iji ya tụnyere Dhao  'ọtụtụ ndị').

Ewezuga nke a, na n'adịghị ka Dhao, nnọchiaha niile na-eji nnọchiaha onwe ha. Ndị a bụ:
MSeba: -mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"hvn"},"2":{"wt":"jaa"}},"i":0}}]}' -ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAYk" title="Sabu-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">jaa Dimu: Xia, anyị (gụnyere) anyị (ma e wezụga) gị (sg.) ="#mwt163" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"hvn"},"2":{"wt":"əu"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAaM" title="Sabu-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">əu, , ma ọ bụgị (pl.) s/yaha Raijua: 
Ihe ngosi ndị ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma bụrụ ndị a na-aghọtaghị nke ọma. Enwere ike iji ọnụ ọgụgụ tụnyere ha (lee Walker 1982), mana Grimes akwadoghị ya. 
naanị nke anke anana-adịnke ahụyon
En ike ime ka ndị a bụrụ locative (ebe a, ugbu a, ebe ahụ, mgbe ahụ, n'ebe ọzọ) site n'ibute ụdị n  na; ụdị na-anọpụ iche na-ahọrọ ịbịakọta . 'Dị ka n a / nke ah' na-eji  ma ọ bụ  akara, na n na-aghọ h na ụdị na-anọpụ iche na-apụta n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma dị ka mi (na) .

ike ihe atụ (Grimes 2006).  (Tụlee ihe ndị yiri Dhao na Asụsụ Dhao#Grammar.)


 Ihe ndị na-asụ asụsụ 
akwụkwọ ozi Alan T. Walker [1] nwere ọtụtụ ihe ozi izi ozi site na akwụkwọ ozi Hawu, ngosi ngosi, ederede aka, na ederede .  E Finding Aid and Inventory maka nchịkọta ahụ iji mee ka ọ pụta ìhè mfe ịnya iwu ya na ebe nchekwa PARADISEC.

Nchịkọta "Results of Linguistic Fieldwork and Documentation Training Program in East Nusa Tenggara", nke a na-echekwa na PARADISEC, nwere ndekọ ọdịyo nke mkparịta ụka Hawu, akụkọ, elicitation, usoro ọmụmụ, na ndepụta okwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-esonyere faịlụ vidiyo.

 Ihe edeturu 

 Ihe odide 



Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations