Asụsụ Lahu

Lahu (autonym: Ladhof  ) bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman nke ndị Lahu bi na China, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam na Laos na-asụ. A na-eji ya eme ihe na China, ma ndị Lahu, na ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na Yunnan, bụ ndị na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ .  Otú ọ dị, a naghị eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ma ọ bụ kụziere ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla dị na Thailand, ebe ọtụtụ ndị Lahu bụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị kwabatara n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ebe ha si Myanmar gafere Thailand. 

 Nkesa site na olumba 
Lahu Na (Black Lahu) bụ olumba ugwu na ọkọlọtọ Lahu, a na-asụkwa ya n'ọtụtụ Yunnan, China, na mpaghara Kengtung nke Shan State, Myanmar na n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Thailand. O kwesịghị inwe mgbagwoju anya na Lahu Aga (Black Lahu nke Laos ( Lee n'okpuru ebe a ) ma ọ bụ Kucong (Black Lahu nke Vietnam).

Asụsụ Lahu, yana asụsụ Kucong nwere njikọ chiri anya, bụ nkewapụtara dị ka ngalaba dị iche nke Loloish site na Ziwo Lama (2012),  mana dị ka asụsụ Central Loloish nke David Bradley (2007).  A na-ekewa Lahu dị ka ngalaba nwanne nwanyị nke ngalaba Southern Loloish na Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) computational phylogenetic analysis nke asụsụ Lolo-Burmese. 

 Olumba 

 Matisoff (2006) 
A na-ahụ olumba ole na ole, nke ejiri aha dị iche iche mara nke ọ bụla: 

 Lahu Na (Black Lahu, Musser Dam, Northern Lahu, Loheirn)
 Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu, Kutsung ); ihe di iche iche  a na-asụ olumba na Nanduan 南段村 (Lahu:  ) Obodo nta, Nuofu Township 糯福乡, Lancang County, China  
 Lahu Nyi (Red Lahu, Southern Lahu, Musseh Daeng, Luhishi, Luhushi), Shehleh
 Lahu Shehleh

 Pham (2013) 
Phạm Huy (2013:13) depụtara alaka atọ ndị a.

 La Hủ Phu (White Lahu): naanị dị na Lüchun County, Yunnan, China
 La Hủ Năk (Black Lahu)
 La Hủ Nê Thu

Yunnan (1998:280)  depụtara 5 olumba Lahu.

 Lancang ( ọkọlọtọ ) olumba 澜沧标准音区片 (n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Lancang, Ximeng, Menglian, Cangyuan na Shuangjiang)
 Olumba Nanmei南美土语群片 (na Nanmei Township 南美乡, Lincang County; Gengma County, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị nso)
 Olumba Mojiang墨江土语群片 (na Pu'er, Simao, Mojiang, Xinping counties, wdg; Lahu Shi)
 Olumba nke Menghai
 Olumba Jinping-Lüchun金绿土语群片 (na mpaghara Jinping na Lüchun)

Omenala Taxonomy ndị Lahu na-ekewa ndị Lahu n'ime otu abụọ nke Black Lahu na Yellow Lahu; Red Lahu na White Lahu bụ ụyọkọ olumba ọhụrụ sitere na mmegharị Mesaịa n'ime narị afọ ole na ole gara aga.  Black Lahu bụ olumba ọkọlọtọ na China,  yana asụsụ franca n'etiti otu dị iche iche nke Lahu na Thailand.  Agbanyeghị, ndị na-ekwu okwu Yellow Lahu nwere nghọta naanị na obere ihe isi ike. 

 Bradley (1979) 
Dabere n'ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị na-emekọrịta ihe, Bradley (1979) na-ahazi olumba Lahu dịka ndị a: 

 Lahu nkịtị

 Nwa Lahu
 Shehleh
 (isi)
 Black Lahu kwesịrị ekwesị
 Uhie Lahu
 Yellow Lahu
 Bakeo
 Banlan

 Lama (2012) 
Lama (2012) na-enye nhazi ọkwa oge a maka ihe ọ kpọrọ Lahoid .

 Lahoid

 Lahu-Xi (Yellow Lahu)
 (Ụyọkọ Black Lahu)
 Lahu-Na (Black Lahu)
 Lahu-Ni (Red Lahu)
 Lahu-Pu (Ọcha Lahu)
 Lahu-Shehleh

 Jin (2007) 
Jin Youjing (2007)  na-ahazi olumba Lahu dịka ndị a.

 Lahu Na 拉祜纳(Black Lahu 黑拉祜): ihe dịka 80% nke Lahu niile
 Olumba Xia'nanxian 下南现(Nanling Township 南岭乡)
 Dongkahe 东卡河(Laba Township 拉巴乡) olumba
 Lahu Xi 拉祜西(Yellow Lahu 黄拉祜): ihe dịka 20% nke Lahu niile
 Olumba ugwu : Donghe 东河, Xincheng 新城, Qianliu 谦六, Wendong 文东, Fudong 富东, na Dashan 大山 obodo
 Olumba etiti : Yakou 雅口, Qianmai 谦迈, na Yingpan 营盘 obodo
 Olumba ndịda : Southern Nuofu 糯福(南), Northern Nuofu 糯福(北), na Huimin 惠民 obodo
 Lahu Alai 拉祜阿莱: nke dị na Alai Dazhai 阿莱大寨, Fubang Township 富邦乡, Lancang County na obodo nta ndị ọzọ dị nso
 Kucong 苦聪: dị na Jinping, Lüchun, Zhenyuan, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.

Jin Youjing (1992)  kpuchiri ala ala Lahu na asụsụ asụsụ n'uju.

 Heh (2008) 
Heh (2008)  depụtara olumba Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu) dịka:

 Mikeng
 Nakeo
 Lahu Aga (a na-akpọkwa Aphubele; a na-asụ na Laos)
 Bakeo
 Balan

Bradley (1979) kewara Lahu Aga dị ka Lahu Shi, mana Heh (2008) chọpụtara na ọ dị nso n'asụsụ Lahu Na (Black Lahu). Na Laos, e nwere ihe dị ka 9,000 Lahu Aga dị na Bokeo Province (ógbè Tonpheung, Muang Muang district, Houj Xai district, na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke Nam Yut) na Luang Namtha Province (ógbè Vieng Phoukha, Boten district, na Muang Long district) (Heh 2008: 161). Na Laos, ndị Lahu Aga dị ọtụtụ na mpaghara Tonpheung (na Baan Dong Keap, Baan Sam Sip, Baan Khi Lek, Baan Beu Neong, Baan Hoe Ong, na Baan Nan Fa obodo) na Vieng Phoukha district (na Baan Na Kat Tai, Baan Na KatNoua, Baan Pamak, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa Obodo Shin) (Heh 2008:161-162). A na-akpọkwa Yellow Lahu Lahu Kui Lung na Laos (Schliesinger (2003:110), ya na Kui pụtara 'ndị mmadụ'. Enwere ihe dị ka obodo 21 Lahu Aga na mpaghara Bokeo na Luang Namtha, gụnyere na Ban Don Keao, Bokeo, na Ban Na Kat Neua, onye si Yunnan, China kwaga na mbụ. (Hih 2008:8). Enwekwara ezinụlọ 11 Lahu Aga bi na Baan Son Pu Nong, Chiang Saen District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Heh (2008) na-enye data olumba Lahu Aga atụnyere maka:

 Obodo Kat Neua, mpaghara Vieng Phoukha, mpaghara Luang Namtha
 Obodo Don Keao, mpaghara Tonpheung, mpaghara Bokeo
 Obodo Na Kha, Muang Muang Township, Bokeo Province

 fonology 
 Labial eze / Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvula / Glottal Plosive enweghị olu p t c k q <small id="mwASI">achọsi ike</small> pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ kwuputara b d ɟ ɡ Nke na-ese okwu enweghị olu f ʃ ( x ) h kwuputara v ɣ Ihu imi m n ŋ Odika l j

 Mgbanwe ụda 
Lama (2012) depụtara mgbanwe ụda ndị a sitere na Proto-Loloish dị ka ihe ọhụrụ Lahu.

 sl- > x-
 *z- > dz-
 x- > x-

 Ụtọ asụsụ 
Lahu nwere ụtọasụsụ yiri nke ahụ n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman . 

 Okwu okwu 
N'okpuru, Okwu nkịtị nke asụsụ Lahu. 
+ IPA Gloss tɔ̀-kɔ=ya Akha qhɔ̀ʔ-la ntu khɛ̂ nnukwu efere unu ehi nû-ɛ́ nwa ehi kâlâ=g̤ ɔ̂-ma karọt (lit. akwukwo nri mba ọzọ ) ce-le onye ode akwukwo pa-lûʔ ~ pa-lú azụ okpo mɔ gosi a-ví nwanne hɔ́-yɛ temple yo ee qhɔ̀ʔ afọ

 Hụkwa 

 Asụsụ Kucong

 Ihe ndetu 
district, Houj Xai district, na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke Nam Yut) na Luang Namtha Province (ógbè Vieng Phoukha, Boten district, na Muang Long district) (Heh 2008: 161). Na Laos, ndị Lahu Aga dị ọtụtụ na mpaghara Tonpheung (na Baan Dong Keap, Baan Sam Sip, Baan Khi Lek, Baan Beu Neong, Baan Hoe Ong, na Baan Nan Fa obodo) na Vieng Phoukha district (na Baan Na Kat Tai, Baan Na KatNoua, Baan Pamak, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa Obodo Shin) (ọdịda anyanwụ, Breen (2007) dere maka asụsụ " Karna -Mari fringe " bụ "òtù asụsụ na-akwụsị akwụsị, nke a na-akwadoghị nke ọma, gbasasịa n'etiti asụsụ Karnic na Mari ma

 Isi mmalite 



 Phạm Huy (1997). Một phần chân dung: dân tộc La Hủ (nhật ký điền dã). Lai Châu: Sở văn hóa thông tin Lai Châu.


 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 





 Njikọ mpụga 


 Lahu Bible at the Wayback Machine (archived March 21, 2008)
 Radio Soap Opera in Lahu Language Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
 James A. Matisoff Collection of Lahu language documentation in the Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive
 Window onto a Vanished World: Lahu texts from Thailand in the 1960’s by James A. Matisoff
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations