Muriel MacSwiney

Muriel MacSwiney (née Murphy, 8 June 1892 - 26 Ọktoba 1982) bụ onye mba Ireland na nwanyị mbụ e nyere nnwere onwe nke New York City.  Ọ bụ nwunye Terence MacSwiney, nne Máire MacSwiney Brugha na nwunye Mary MacSwiney.  Ọgba aghara nke Terence na 1920 ghọrọ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Ireland, na-eme mkpọsa n'ọtụtụ ebe na United States na mmalite 1920s Mgbe ọ merisịrị Anti-Treaty IRA na Agha Irish nke 1923, Muriel anọghị na Ireland wee malite ibi ndụ bohemian na Europe.  Otú ọ dị, e nwere esemokwu na nwunye Máire, nke mere ka esemokwu dị n'etiti Máire na di ya mgbe Máire kpebiri ịlaghachi Ireland ma mesịa hapụ ya na 1934. MacSwiney nọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime 1930 na Paris, France, na site na 1940 ruo England, bụ ebe ọ na-etinye aka mgbe ụfọdụ na ntuli aka nke ndị Republican.. 

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Muriel Frances Murphy na 8 June 1892 n'ezinụlọ Cork bara ọgaranya. Nna ya bụ Nicholas Murphy na nne ya Mary Gertrude Purcell nke Carrigmore, na Montenotte, obodo Cork. E zigara MacSwiney n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'ụlọ ndị nọn dị na Sussex. Ka ọ na-etolite, ọ bịara leghara ihe ùgwù nke ịzụlite ya anya, na-ekwu na ezinụlọ ya bụ "ndị na-akwado ọchịchị, ndị na-agbaso omenala, ndị isi obodo, na ndị Roman Katọlik".

 Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Terence MacSwiney 

Na 1915, ọ nwere mmasị na mmegharị mba Irish, Njikọ Gaelic nke Cumann na mBan.  Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị ha na ụmụnne nwanyị Terence MacSwiney bụ enyi.  Murphy hụrụ MacSwiney ka ọ na-enye okwu ihu ọha na nzukọ Manchester Martyr, ma ọ bụ na Christmas 1915 ka ọ zutere Fleischmann.  Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere ịhụ na, mgbe Ista Rising nke 1916 gasịrị, Murphy zutere MacSwiney na Ụlọ Nzukọ Volunteer nke Cork, na MacSwineay na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ndị Irish ndị ọzọ nwere mgbagwoju anya ma ha kwesịrị ịhazi ma ọ bụ na ha agaghị ahazi.  Mmekọrịta ka mma malitere mgbe Rising gasịrị, ha abụọ nọgidere na-ekwurịta okwu na weebụsaịtị mgbe MacSwiney nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.  Ezinụlọ Murphy tụrụ egwu na ọ ga-ahapụ ụlọ ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla, Otú ọ dị, mgbe MacSwiney kpọgara England ozugbo a tọhapụsịrị ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Murphy hapụrụ ụlọ ahụ.  Ha abụọ lụrụ na June 9, 1917 na Bromyard, England, otu ụbọchị mgbe Murphy nwụsịrị 25th ụbọchị ọmụmụ, na otu ụbọchị mgbe o ruru afọ ndụ ya, a tọhapụrụ ya na nwunye ya na ezinụlọ Murphy.[1]  Nwunye ya bụ Geraldine O'Sullivan (Neeson) na ezigbo nwoke ya bụ Richard Mulcahy. 

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1917, di na nwunye ahụ gara ọtụtụ nleta n'ụlọ ha na Douglas Road, Cork.  N'ọnwa Nọvemba, Terence tụkwara ime ọzọ, mana o teghị aka Muriel (n'oge a dị ime) jụrụ.  O dere na kundy na ya "anabataị Ṅoọọọ ọoụ ọ-ụ.  Na 1917 na 1918, a tọhapụrụ Terence ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ ozugbo, Muriel gara mkpọrọ na Dundalk, Belfast.  Ọ laghachiri na Cork na June 1918 ka ọ mụọ nwunye ya, Máire MacSwiney Brugha..

 Ọgba aghara agụụ ikpeazụ nke Terence MacSwiney 
Ndụ MacSwiney gara n'ihu na-agbanwe ruo mgbe ọnwụ ikpeazụ Terence malitere, nke malitere n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1920. Terence ghọrọ Lord Mayor of Cork na March 1920, ma malitekwa 1920 agụụ nri Cork, nke ghọrọ ihe omume zuru ụwa ọnụ.  Ọ bụ ezie na o nyere Terence nkwado kwa ụbọchị, MacSwiney rịọkwara ndị agha Irish Republican ka ha kpọọ Terence ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ ahụ.  Ọ bụ ezie na Muriel mesịrị kwuo n'ihu ọha na ọ kwadoro asịrị ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, o sokwa na-alụso nwunye ya, Mary MacSwiney ọgụ, bụ onye e gburu Terence.  Terence nwụrụ site na igbu onwe ya na Ọktoba 25, 1920. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Muriel bụ naanị onye otu ezinụlọ Terence nyochara nyocha Britain banyere ọnwụ ya, nke kpatara esemokwu.  Muriel enweghị ike ịlaghachi Ireland n'ihi na mmadụ 10,000 bịara.

 Ịga n'ihu na-eme ihe ike 

Ọnwụ MacSwiney nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndụ ya, ịbụ ihe omume ọha na eze na ọnwụ onwe ya.  Ọnwụ MacSwiney bụ akara nke nwanyị nwụrụ n'oge gara aga.  N'okwu a, MacSwiney kwadoro United States na "Commission on ọnọdụ na Ireland" na 1921, nke e mere na Washington DC.  Na ụzọ, MacSwiney kpọrọ ndị nnọchianya nke ụmụ nwanyị Irish, gụnyere Mary MacSwineay, si New York na Boston, ikwu okwu na nnọkọ ọha na eze iji kwado ndị Irish America.  Njem ahụ na America mgbe ọnwa asatọ gachara bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanwe echiche nke ọha America na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America n'ebe ndị Irish nọ, na Muriel bụ nwanyị mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nwetara nnwere onwe nke New York City na 1922..

MacSwiney laghachiri Ireland na Jenụwarị 1922, obere oge ka ha bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Anglo-Irish Treaty nke December 1921. MacSwiney megidere nkwekọrịta ahụ;  Akwụkwọ ozi na-ekwupụta mmegide megide William Stockley gụrụ na Dáil na June 1922 bụ akụkụ nke ndị agha Hammam Hotel n'okpuru nduzi nke Cathal Brugha.[1]  MacSwiney sonyekwara otu ndị nnọchi anya Red Cross bụ ndị napụtara Annie M.P. Smithson n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Mullingar site n'enyemaka nke Linda Kearns MacWhinney..

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ zutere MacSwiney obere oge.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, MacSwiney na Kearns hapụrụ America, MacSwineay malitekwara njem ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ kwadoro akụkụ mgbochi Treaty.  Ọ na nwunye ya, Máire, onye a mụrụ na O'Rahilly.  Ka ha na-eme mkpọsa maka steeti, ndị Irish-America chọrọ nkwado, MacSwiney gbalịrị ịkwado nkwado maka akụkụ mgbochi Treaty.  Mgbe ha nọ na New York City, MacSwiney na Robert Briscoe banyere n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya Irish ma ndị uwe ojii jidere ya.  Ọ gbakwara mkpọsa maka ntọhapụ nke onye Kọmunist Irish Jim Larkin, onye a mara ikpe na afọ 5 ruo 10 maka "Mpụ Anarchy" na 1919 wee maa ya ikpe ndụ na New York's Sing..

 Ndụ e mesịrị 
MacSwiney laghachiri Ireland n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1923;  Kemgbe ahụ, ndị Irish Agha Obodo enweela mmeri na Anti-Treaty IRA.  MacSwiney kwupụtara na ya bụ onye na-ekweghị ekwe malitere ịkwado, ma mesịa hụ n'anya, Jim Larkin's Irish Worker League.  M zaghachiri, Muriel bụ Máire wee gaa Germany.

Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ịda mbà n'obi gasịrị, MacSwiney gara Germany, Switzerland, France, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ German.  MacSwiney nọgidere na-etinye aka na mwakpo ndị Germany wakporo Pullman, bụ́ ebe ọ lụrụ ada ya nke abụọ, bụ́ Alix, na 1926. E mesịrị gbuo Pullman na Nazi Germany..

 Ịhapụ Máire 
Na 1932, Máire MacSwiney kpebiri ịlaghachi Ireland ka ya na nwanne nne ya Mary nọrọ.  Mgbe Mary jụrụ ịnakwere ikike nke Irish Free State, onye ndu ọhụrụ a họpụtara, Republican Éamon de Valera, nyere paspọtụ ya.  N'ikpeazụ, Muriel kwenyere na de Valera na Mary gbara izu ịtọrọ Máire.  Otú ọ dị, Máire, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ajụkarị echiche e wetara ya, dị ka à ga-asị na o chere na ndụ ya na kọntinent ahụ enweghị isi.  Ihe sochiri bụ ọgụ megide Meri, nke ụlọikpe kpebiri n'aha Meri.  Muriel ekwughị na ọ bụ mmetụta Chọọchị Katọlik kpatara mkpebi ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọkàikpe ukwu ahụ kwuru na ya chebaara ihe Máire echiche echiche nakwa na o chebaghị echiche banyere ndụ Muriel.  Mgbe Máire jụrụ ịlaghachi na Switzerland na 1934, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Muriel na Máire kwụsịrị kpamkpam, n'agbanyeghị mgbalị Máire na Ruairi Brugha gbara kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ..

 Ndụ na France na England 
N'afọ ndị 1930, MacSwiney bi na Paris, France, ma nọgide na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nke na-emekarị n'etiti ndị fọdụrụ, gụnyere ndị Kọmunist.  Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Ligue de l'enseignement, otu ndị nkuzi na-abụghị ndị otu, nke Owen Sheehy Skeffington, onye Irish socialist nke bi na Paris kemgbe ahụ haziri.  Mgbe ọ gara France, ya na onye Kọmunist Pierre Kaan nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya.  Kaan, bụ́ otu n’ime ndị agha France n’oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị Gestapo zigara ya Ogige ma nwụọ na May 18, 1945..

Na 1950s, nwunye MacSwiney, Otú ọ dị, nwere ike itinye akwụkwọ maka ụgwọ ezumike nká nke nwanyị di ya nwụrụ, ngụkọta £ 500 kwa afọ, site na ọchịchị Irish maka alụmdi na nwunye Terence.  N'afọ 1957, ọ jụrụ ịmepụta ụlọ ụka maka Terence MacSwiney nke St George's Cathedral, Southwark, England.  MacSwiney kwuru na e nweghị aha Terence nke Ireland, nke òtù na-abụghị okpukpe, na ijere ndị ogbenye ozi..

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970, MacSwiney nọgidere na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị: Ọ katọrọ iwu mba ọzọ nke America na Vietnam, na-akpọ USA "ike ụwa". N'afọ 1972, o kwuru okwu n'ihu ọha na nzukọ nke Workers' Association for the Democratic Settlement of the National Conflict na Ireland. Dolan, Anne (October 2009). "MacSwiney, Muriel Frances". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 16 January 2023.

MacSwiney enweghị mmekọrịta ya na Máire ma ọ bụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ.  A mụrụ MacSwiney na Tonbridge na Kent wee lụọ nwunye ya Alix na njedebe nke ndụ ya.  Ọ nwụrụ na 26 Ọktoba 1982 na Hospitallọ Ọgwụ Oakwood, Maidstone.

 Ihe edeturu 
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

 Ebe e si nweta ya