Asụsụ Mono-Alu

Mono, ma ọ bụ Alu, bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke Solomon Islands kọrọ na ndị 660 na-asụ na Treasury Island (Mono proper), 2,270 na Shortland Island (olumba Alu), na 14 na Fauro Island na 1999. 

 fonology 
A mụọla asụsụ Mono-Alu nke ukwuu site n'aka Joel L. Fagan,  onye nyocha maka Ngalaba Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies na Mahadum Mba Australia . Edemede ya, "A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands),"  bụ otu n'ime ntụgharị asụsụ na naanị nyocha nke asụsụ Mono-Alu.

Fagan kwuru na asụsụ Mono-Alu nwere fọnịm iri abụọ na asatọ . Ha bụ diphthong itoolu, ụdaume ise na consonants iri na anọ mebere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ .

 Mkpụrụedemede Alu 

 Mkpụrụedemede Alu nwere mkpụrụedemede iri na itoolu: A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U na V.
 N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị a, a na-ejikarị D eme ihe kama R maka euphony, mana ejiri ya ugbu a n'okwu ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ aha mba ọzọ ewepụtara n'asụsụ ahụ.
 F nwere ike dochie H mgbe ụfọdụ.

 Ịkpọ okwu 

 Ịkpọ ụdaume 

 A na-akpọkarị 'a' dị ka ọ dị larịị
 A na-akpọ 'a' mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ngwa ngwa
 'e' ka a na-akpọkarị na iri
 A na-akpọ 'i' mgbe niile dị ka na tin
 A na-akpọ 'o' mgbe niile ka ọ bụghị
 A na-akpọ 'u' mgbe niile ka etinyere ya

 Mkpọpụta nke diphthongs 

 a na-akpọ ai “aye” – eg  .
 mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede iche iche
 ei enweghị ụda dakọtara na bekee.
 a na-akpọ oi "oy" - eg  ('akụm').
 mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede iche iche. - eg  ('echo').
 ui ejiri mee diphthong - eg  ('swallow')
 eji iche - eg  ('nwa') ma ewezuga 

 Mkpọkpọ consonants 

 a na-akpọ g mgbe niile ka ọ dị na , giddy . A naghị eji Q dị ka a na-eme ebe ọzọ. N'ebe a kwa, edere okwu ndị a ka [ ]dịka  (kama  ), , ,  . Mgbe, iche, n na-eso g dị ka ọ dị na , n'ihi ịkpọpụta imi, a na-emesi  n'ike n'ihe dị ka Choiseul .
 a na-akpọ ng dị ka n'asụsụ bekee ewezuga , ụda gị mgbe niile ịbụ nke Latin.
  na-akpọ dị ka òtù
  akpọpụtara dị ka 'mgbanaka'
  akpọpụtara dị ka 'ogologo'
  akpọpụtara dị ka 'ezighị ezi'

Consonants ndị ọzọ nwere otu ụda dị na bekee.
 Labial Coronal Velar Glottal imi m n ŋ Plosive p b t k g ʔ Nke na-ese okwu s h Kpatụ ɾOdika ( w ) l ( j )

 /b/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka fricatives [β, v] n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.
 Enwere ike ịnụ /ɡ/ dị ka [ɣ] na mgbanwe n'efu.
 /ɾ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [d] na mgbanwe n'efu n'ime ọnọdụ mmalite okwu, ma ọ bụ dị ka [dɾ] mgbe ị na-eso imi.

 N'ihu Central Azu Elu i u N'etiti ɛ ɔ Dị ala ɐ

 /u, i/ ka a na-anụ dị ka glides [w, j] n'ime gburugburu ụdaume.  Fagan, Joel (1986). A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands). Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B96. hdl:1885/145402. ISBN 0-85883-339-5.

 Ọnụọgụ 
Usoro ọnụọgụ nke Mono-Alu yiri asụsụ Austronesia ndị ọzọ.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Mono-Alu na-ekerịta ọnụọgụ 'abụọ' (  ) na 'ise' (  ) na asụsụ Hawai . Nọmba maka 'efu' dị n'asụsụ ahụ, mana ọ nọ n'otu okwu ahụ 'ọ dịghị ihe.' Fagan chọpụtara ọnụọgụgụ site na otu ruo puku iri na Mono-Alu.
CardinalEnglishnothing (or )onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen (or )twenty (or )thirty (or )forty (or )fiftysixtyseventyeighty (or )ninetyone-hundredtwo-hundredone-thousandtwo-thousandten-thousand
+Fagan, Joel (1986). A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands). Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B96. hdl:1885/145402. ISBN 0-85883-339-5. Aha aha Obj Suffix Ndị ọzọ 1st onye otu     otutu nanị   ,   na-agụnye     Nke abụọ onye otu     otutu     Nke atọ onye otu --- ,    otutu --- ,   

 Mgbakwunye 
Mono-Alu bụ kpọmkwem gbasara adverbs na ngwaa ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike iji prefix, infix, na suffix gbanwee ngwaa.
Prefixes Infixes Suffixes  prefix ikwu, ụzọ ọzọ , ,   infix na-egosi mmecha  ebe a, pụọ  prefix na-akpata,  na-aghọ  tupu a, ọzọ ụdị   otu ibe ya (infix reciprocal),  ụdị ọzọ  ebea, ebe ahu, uzo ozo   infix ma ọ bụ prefix na-egosi omume ma ọ bụ steeti.  n'ebe ọzọ, gaa n'ebe ọzọ  ọnụ, n'otu oge ahụ, ọzọ   ọzọ (na-emekwa onwe ya)  na-eme ka a otutu  ruo  ike gwụrụ, ruo ogologo oge, ọzọ ụdị 
place where or whither,  alternate form  occurs after aadded to the first of two names gives the meaning 'and', alternate form mdenotes addition, 'and', 'with'
'of', especially before , alternate forms , , 'what?'often found after verbs and other words, alternate forms , , , particle, most often after the first word in a sentence, untranslatable; 'so, therefore' at the beginning of a sentence, also used with pronoun forms to emphasise them: , , , , , etc.equivalent to copula, alternate form strengthens the idea of repetition or duration

 Ụdị ụtọ asụsụ 
Enwere ụzọ abụọ esi egosipụta ọdịiche dị na grammatical okike :

 Site n'okwu dị iche iche: - eg
  'mmadụ' -  'nwanyị'
  'ndị ikom' -  'ụmụ nwanyị'
  'headman' -  'onye isi'
  'nna nna ya' -  'nne nne ya'
  'ochie nwoke' (di) -  'agadi nwanyi' (nwunye)
 Site na iji ord  na-egosi mmekọahụ: – eg
  'nwa' (nwoke) -  'nwa' (nwanyị)
  'boar' -  'akụ' (  na  a na-eji maka anụmanụ naanị)

N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche n'etiti nwoke, nwanyị na neuter.

 Okwu okwu 
Achọpụtala ụfọdụ ihe dị n'ime iwu Mono-Alu. 

adverbs abụọ nke ebe, kama iji consonant abuo dee, ka e ji otu na-emesi ike dee ya.

 eg  (kama  ) - 'Ebe a'
  (kama  ) - 'Ebe ahụ'

Kama aspirate h, enwere ike iji leta f :

 n'ime ngwaa bu ihe kpatara  (ma ọ bụ  )
 eg  (ma ọ bụ  ) - 'ka bịa'
 na ngwaa nke prefix  bu ụzọ (ma ọ bụ  ) nke pụtara mmekọ ọnụ ma ọ bụ abụọ
 eg  (ma ọ bụ  ) - 'mon' 
  (ma ọ bụ  ) - 'M, mba' Fagan, Joel (1986). A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands). Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B96. hdl:1885/145402. ISBN 0-85883-339-5.

 Akụkọ 
Enweghị akụkọ doro anya na Alu. Nọmba  A na-eji ('otu') dị ka akụkọ na-enweghị njedebe. Fagan, Joel (1986). A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands). Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B96. hdl:1885/145402. ISBN 0-85883-339-5.

 Ntụaka