Asụsụ Saa

Asụsụ Sa ma ọ bụ Saa bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na ndịda Pentikọst Island, Vanuatu . O nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 2,500 n'afọ 2000.

 Olumba na oke 
Sa nwere ọtụtụ olumba, na-enweghị aha ma ọ bụ oke ala nke ọma. Na nzụkọ e nwere n'afọ 2008, ndị na-ekwu okwu ghọtara isi olumba anọ, nwere mgbanwe sub-alectal na ịgwakọta olumba n'akụkụ ụfọdụ.

Asụsụ etiti abụọ a yiri ibe ha ma ndị niile na-asụ Sa na-aghọtakarị ya. Ọtụtụ ederede na nyocha na Sa anọwo n'otu n'ime olumba ndị a:

 A na-asụ olumba ọdịda anyanwụ ("Saa" nwere ogologo a ) n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ gburugburu Panas, Wali, Panngi na Ranputor.
 A na-asụ olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ ("Sa" nwere mkpụmkpụ a ) na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ gburugburu Ranwas. A na-asụ ihe dị iche iche nke olumba a nwere ụdaume dị ogologo n'okwu ụfọdụ na Poinkros nke dị na ndịda dịpụrụ adịpụ, ma ejiri ya mee ihe na nsụgharị Oziọma ndị Society bipụtara nso nso a.

Enwekwara olumba abụọ na-apụ apụ, bụ ndị pụrụ iche ma sie ike maka ndị na-asụ olumba ndị ọzọ ịghọta:

 A na-asụ otu olumba ugwu ("olumba F"), nke ejiri ọnụnọ f ụda mara, n'ebe ugwu nke mpaghara Sa, na St Henri (Fatsare) na ụfọdụ na Ran'gusuksu. O nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Ske gbara agbata obi yana ya na Doltes, olumba obodo Hotwata.
 A na-asụ olumba ndịda ("Ha"), nke ama ama maka nnọchi anya s na h, na Bay Martelli (Harop) na Londar, ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ nke agwaetiti Ambrym gbara agbata obi.

Okwu pụrụ iche nke obodo dị ka Bunlap, Bay Barrier (Ranon) na Wanur yiri ka ọ nwere ngwakọta nke olumba agbataobi.

Ndị mmadụ nọ n’ebe ndịda Pentikọst na-echeta na e nwere ndị ọzọ na-asụ asụsụ ndị na-apụ n’anya ugbu a.

 fonology 
Nkwenye nke Sa gụnyere b, d, g, h, k, l, m, n, ng (dị ka n'asụsụ Bekee "onye na-agụ egwú"), p, r, s, t, na w . N'ọtụtụ olumba a na-enwekwa j (nke a na-edekarị "ts"), nke o doro anya na ọ bụ allophone nke t dị n'ihu ụdaume i na u ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkà okwu na-ele ya anya iche. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ejikwa labiovelar bw, mw na pw, ọ bụ ezie na site na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a na-apụ apụ apụghị ịmata ọdịiche dị na b, m na p . Na mgbakwunye na consonants ndị a, olumba ugwu nwere bibial f . Na olumba a enwere ike ịkpọ s ka bekee sh .
+Consonants Labial Labiovelar Alveolar Post-Alveolar Velar Glottal Ihu imi m mʷ n ŋ Plosive enweghị olu p pʷ t k kwuputara b bʷ d g Mmekọrịta ( t͡s )  Nke na-ese okwu ( f ) s ( ʃ ) h Odika w l  Trill r
Dịka iwu n'ozuzu, ụyọkọ consonants adịghị eme n'ime nkeji okwu. Mgbọrọgwụ okwu nwere ike iji otu ụzọ mgbanaka malite, mana n'okwu okwu, a na-atụbakarị ma ọ bụ tinye nke mbụ n'ime consonants ndị a na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ nke okwu bu ụzọ.

Na mgbakwunye na ụdaume ọkọlọtọ ise ( a, e, i, o na u ), ụfọdụ ndị odee  na-atụ aro na Sa nwere ọzọ mid-elu ụdaume ê (etiti n'etiti e na i ) na ô (n'etiti o na u ). Ọ bụghị ndị edemede niile amatala ụdaume ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ, ma ndị nkụzi obodo nke ịgụ akwụkwọ anabatara ha, a na-ejikwa ha mee ihe na nsụgharị Oziọma ndị Society bipụtara na nso nso a. A na-amata ụdaume n'ogologo, nwere ụdaume ogologo ( aa, ee, wdg) na-emekarị ebe consonant furu efu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ụdaume nwere ike ime naanị ya ma ọ bụ na nchikota dị iche iche.

Nchegbu na-abụkarị n'ime mkpụrụokwu penultimate nke okwu. Agbanyeghị, mkpụrụokwu ndị na-eji consonant ma ọ bụ ụdaume dị ogologo na-ejedebe na-ebute nrụgide n'ihu nkeji okwu ndị ọzọ.

 Akpaokwu atụ 
EnglishSa - central dialects(Panngi, Ranwas, Bunlap)Sa - northern dialect(Fatsare)Sa - southern dialect(Bay Martelli)Where are you going?O metea bê?O mfa be?O metea be?I'm going to...Nê metea...Nê mfa...Nê metea...Where have you come from?O mamra bê?O mamra be?O mamra be?I've come from...Nê mamra...Nê mamra...Nê mamra...What's your name?Sêm be sê?Sêm be sê?Hêm be hê?My name is...Sêk be...Sêk be...Hêk be...How much? / How many?Beês?Befês?Beêh?one(be)sushufhutwo(be)ru(be)ru(be)ruthree(be)têl(be)jil(be)têlfour(be)êt(be)fêt(be)êtfive(be)lim(be)lim(be)limIt's just fineI mbetô ngaI mbetô ngaI mbetu nga

 Ntụaka 
bụ ezie na ndị ọkà okwu na-ele ya anya iche. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ejikwa labiovelar bw, mw na pw, ọ bụ ezie na site na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a na-apụ apụ apụghị ịmata ọdịiche dị na b, m na p . Na mgbakwunye na consonants ndị a, olumba ugwu nwere bibial f . Na olumba a enwere ike ịkpọ s ka bekee sh .

 Crowley, Terry. 2000. Ọnọdụ asụsụ na Vanuatu. Okwu dị ugbu a na nhazi asụsụ . Vol 1, No 1.
 Grey, Andrew. 2012. Asụsụ Pentikọst Island . Ndị enyi Britain nke Vanuatu Society.
 Lynch, John na Crowley, Terry. 2001. Asụsụ Vanuatu: Nnyocha ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ . Pacific Linguistics. Canberra: Mahadum Mba Ọstrelia.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Asụsụ Pentikọst Island - ozi ndị ọzọ na Sa
 Akụkọ gbasara nsụgharị Baịbụl n’asụsụ Saa
 Ihe ndekọ ELAR nke akwụkwọ mbido audiovisual nke Ha
 Paradaịsc nwere ọtụtụ nchịkọta na ihe Saa, gụnyere nchịkọta abụọ sitere na Arthur Cappell .
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations