Asụsụ A-Hmao

Asụsụ A-Hmao (ma ọ bụ Ahmao ), nke a makwaara dị ka Large Flowery Miao ( pinyin  ), Hua Miao, ma ọ bụ Northeast Yunnan Miao ( Chinese    ), bụ asụsụ Hmongic a na-asụ na China. Ọ bụ asụsụ e mere edemede Pollard maka,   ma na-egosipụta nnukwu ụda sandhi .  Enwere ogo mmụta dị elu na Pollard n'etiti ndị okenye.

Asụsụ e dere ọkọlọtọ, ma n'asụsụ Pollard ma n'asụsụ Latịn, bụ nke Shíménkǎn ( ) obodo dị na Weining County .

 Nhazi 
Asụsụ A-Hmao bụ ngalaba nke asụsụ West Hmongic, nke a makwaara dị ka Chuanqiandian Miao ( Chinese     ) na Western Miao, nke bụ ngalaba bụ isi nke asụsụ Hmongic nke China na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.

Wang Fushi (1985) chịkọtara asụsụ Western Miao n'ime ngalaba asatọ: 

 Chuanqiandian Miao
 Northeast Yunnan Miao ( A-Hmao asụsụ )
 Guiyang Miao
 Huishui Miao
 Mashan Miao
 Luobohe Miao
 Chong'anjiang Miao
 Pingtang Miao

 Nkesa ala 
A na-asụ asụsụ A-Hmao n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Yunnan Province na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Guizhou Province, karịsịa na Zhaotong, Kunming, Qujing, Chuxiong Yi autonomous prefecture, Weining Yi, Hui, na Miao autonomous county, Hezhang County , Liupanshui . Enwere ndị na-asụ obodo 300,000.  Olumba ọkọlọtọ bụ nke Shimenkan (), Mpaghara Weining ().

 fonology 

 Consonants 
LabialAlveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularGlottalPlosive /Affricateb d z dl //dr zh j g gh nb nd nz ndl ndr nzh nj ng ngh p t c tl tr ch q k kh np nt nc ntl ntr nch nq nk nkh b d z dl //dr zh j g gh nb nd nz ndl ndr nzh nj ng ngh Fricative /Lateralf s hl sh hlr x hx (h )h v r l rh lr y hy Nasalm n nr ni ngg hm hn hni hng Semivowelw 
Ọzọkwa, Gerner (2022) na-ewere iku ume dị ka ihe onwunwe nke mmalite, dị ka [lʱ] na okwu  [lʱi 11 ] 'abụọ', na-akọkwa mpụta nke na-achọsi ike [ɬʰ], dị ka ọ dị n'okwu [ɬʰi 11 ] 'aghọ'. [ 7 ]

 Udaume 
 N'ihu Central Azu <small id="mwAZE">na-agbaghị gburugburu</small> <small id="mwAZQ">gbara okirikiri</small> <small id="mwAZc">na-agbaghị gburugburu</small> <small id="mwAZo">gbara okirikiri</small> Mechie i /i / yu /y / w /ɯ / ị /ị / N'etiti e /e / e /ọ / o /o / Mepee a /aka / Diphthong rising ai  eu  ang  ao  falling ya bu  iw 
ia  iu 
io  Triphthong iai  iang  iao 

 Ụda 
Ụda Akara Uru 1 b ˥˧ 54 2 x ˧˥ 35 3 d ˥ 55 4 l ˩ 11 5 t ˨ 33 6 s ˧˩ 31 7 k ˩ 11 8 f ˧˩ 31
Na ndabere nke ụda asatọ nke A-Hmao, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke anọ, nke isii, na ụda nke asatọ na-agbajie akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpam kpam ụzọ abụọ. Kachasịa, enwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru ụda iri na otu. N'ụzọ bụ isi, aha na quantifiers bụ akụkụ nke otu nke mbụ, ma ha dị elu na ọkwa. Klas okwu ndị ọzọ bụ akụkụ nke ngalaba nke abụọ, ma ha dị ala na ụda olu.

Asụsụ A-Hmao na-egosipụta nnukwu ụda sandhi . Yiri alaka ndị ọzọ nke asụsụ West Hmongic, ụda sandhi na-eme na syllable nke abụọ mgbe mkpụrụokwu mbụ nke okwu enweghị ike bụ ụda larịị (ụda mbụ na nke abụọ). 

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

 Morphology na okwu 
Ọdịdị nke ngalaba atọ nke asụsụ Hmong bụ otu ihe. Ihe atụ ndị a sitere na Central Miao.  A-Hmao yiri Hmong, nke bụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ọtụtụ morphemes bụ monosyllables. N'ihi ya, ngwaa anaghị emetụta nke ọma . A na-egosipụta ihe dị egwu, akụkụ, ọnọdụ, mmadụ, ọnụọgụgụ, okike, na ikpe n'ụdị lex. 


 Usoro edemede 
Ndị A-Hmao enweghị usoro odide ụmụ amaala. Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, onye ozi ala ọzọ bụ Samuel Pollard chepụtara ihe odide Pollard, bụ nke dabeere na akara ngosi ndị e ji achọ mma na uwe ha. Tupu iwebata ihe odide Pollard, ndị A-Hmao dekọrọ akụkọ ha site na abụ ochie ha ma na-akpa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ncheta ha na uwe ha. Ihe oyiyi ndị ahụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke A-Hmao. 

 Ntụaka 

 Isi mmalite 








 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 


  [Big Flowery Miao 大花苗 of Sapushan 洒普山, Wulong Village 乌龙村, Shishan Town 狮山镇, Wuding County, Yunnan]

 Njikọ mpụga 

 A-Hmao (Diandongbei) akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
 Ndepụta mkpụrụokwu 283 na olumba Wuding Jiyi A-Hmao 花苗, ewepụtara na Standard Mandarin, nke Kaipuleohone debere. ( KG2-003, KG2-019 )
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations