Malak-Malak

Malak-Malak (a kpọkwara Mullukmuluk, Malagmalag), nke a makwaara dị ka Ngolak-Wonga (Nguluwongga), bụ asụsụ Aboriginal Australia nke ndị Mulluk-Mulluk na-asụ. Malakmalak fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ, ebe ụmụaka na-etolite na-asụ Kriol ma ọ bụ Bekee kama. A na-asụ asụsụ a na mpaghara osimiri Daly gburugburu Woolianna na Nauiyu . Ụdị Kuwema ma ọ bụ Tyerity (Tyeraty) dị iche.

 Nhazi 
A na-ekebu Malakmalak dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe ya na asụsụ Northern Daly, mana ugbu a a na-ewere ya dị ka onye dịpụrụ adịpụ . Tinyere otu "Anson Bay" nke Wagaydy (Patjtjamalh, Wadjiginy, Kandjerramalh) na Giyug na-akwadoghị . Green kwubiri na Wagaydy na Malakmalak bụ ezinụlọ abụọ dị iche iche na-asụ asụsụ.  Ụfọdụ nhazi ọkwa mechara jikọta ha dịka Bowern (2011).  Otú ọ dị, ndị Wagaydy bụ ndị bịarutere n'ógbè ahụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na asụsụ ha nwere ike ịdị ka nanị n'ihi ịgbazinye ego.  AIATSIS na Glottolog na-emeso Wagaydy dị ka onye nọpụrụ iche yana Giyug dị ka enweghị nkewa.

Na ojiji nke oge a, "Northern Daly" (dịka Harvey 2003,  Cahir 2006,  Nordlinger 2017  ) na-ezokarị aka kpọmkwem na otu asụsụ nke gụnyere Malakmalak na Tyerraty  (nke a makwaara dị ka Guwema nke ukwuu) na Malak 6 dị iche iche. dị ka ndepụta okwu 200 nke Tryon siri dị), mana ọ dị nso na morphologically. 

 fonology 

 Udaume 
 N'ihu Central Azu Mechie i ɨ ɯ / u N'etiti ɛ ɜ Mepee ɐ

 Consonants 
 Mpụta Laminal Apical Bilabial Velar Palatal Alveolar Retroflex imi m ŋ ɲ n Kwụsị enweghị olu p k c t <small id="mwrg">kwuputara</small> b g d Rhotic ɾ﻿N'akụkụ ʎ l Semivowel w j

 Nkewa ụdịdị 


 Njirimara Morphosyntactic 
Akpaokwu ngwaa MalakMalak na-eji amụma mgbagwoju anya . Ndị a nwere ngwaa na-emegharị emegharị nwere njirimara nke mmadụ, ọnụọgụgụ na ahụ . MalakMalak nwere naanị ngwaa isii dị otú ahụ. Na ọmụmaatụ (4), yuyu na vida na-emegharị ngwaa. Na mgbakwunye, enwere mkpuchi nke nwere ihe pụrụ iche, mana anaghị atụgharị maka ọnụọgụgụ, ogologo oge ma ọ bụ mmadụ. Ha na-eme na ngwaa na-atụgharị. Ha na-akparaghị ókè na ọnụ ọgụgụ ma na-agbaziri ngwaa ọhụrụ na klaasị a. Na (4), kubuk-karrarr, dat-tyed, na ka bụ mkpuchi. Ha nwekwara ike ịmepụta ngwaa usoro ( kubuk-karrarr, dat-tyed ). 


 Asụsụ oghere 
MalakMalak na-eji ụdị "kpochapụwo" atọ nke ụdị nkọwa gbasara oghere: ihe dị n'ime, ikwu na nke zuru oke. Na mgbakwunye, asụsụ ahụ na-eji aha ebe na nhazi akụkụ ahụ na-ekwu maka oghere.   Frame dị n'ime chọrọ ụdị ụfọdụ nke oke ala ma ọ bụ akara ala n'ime akụkụ aha ya bụ nke enwere ike isi na ya wepụta ngalaba ọchụchọ.  Na Bekee nke a ga-abụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisi dị n'ihu nwoke ahụ. Na MalakMalak ọ ga-abụ (5).

Okpokoro ntụaka nke ikwu na-agụnye eserese site na anyụike nke onye na-ekiri ya ( ihu, azụ, aka ekpe, aka nri ) n'elu ihe ala. Levinson, Stephen; Wilkins, David (2006).  Otu ihe atụ Bekee bụ bọọlụ dị n'aka nri. Na MalakMalak ọ ga-abụ (6)

Okpokoro ntụaka zuru oke chọrọ njiri xed nke dị ndị otu obodo niile ozugbo. Levinson, Stephen; Wilkins, David (2006).  Otu ihe atụ Bekee bụ opera dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ebe a. Na MalakMalak, enwere ike iji ụdị okpokolo agba atọ dị iche iche. Ndị na-adabere n'ụzọ anyanwụ ( n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ / ọdịda anyanwụ ) (7a), na ifufe na-emeri ( n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ / ndịda ) (7b), na n'akụkụ abụọ nke osimiri Daly a ma ama ( n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ / ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ) (7c).


 Okwu okwu 

 Tryon (1968) 
Ihe ndị a bụ isi okwu ndị dị iche iche nke Northern Daly, gụnyere Malak-Malak (ma ọ bụ Mullukmuluk), sitere na Tryon (1968). 

 Ntụaka 



 Hoffmann, Dorothea. http://drdorotheahoffmann.wordpress.com
 Hoffmann, Dorothea (2015). “Moving through space and (not?) time: North Australian dreamtime narratives,” Narratives from the South Pacific: Sociocultural explorations, ed. by F. Gounder. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 15-35
 Hoffmann, Dorothea (2014). “Mapping the Language: How a dying language loses its place in the world”, Endangered Words, Signs of Revival, ed. by Ghil'ad Zuckermann, J. Miller, and J. Morley, Adelaide: Australex, 1-18

 Njikọ mpụga 

 MalakMalak na webụsaịtị Dalylanguages.org .