Norma Borthwick

Mariella Norma Borthwick (25 Julaị 1862 - 13 Juun 1934) bụ onye odee Britain na Irish. 

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Mariella Norma Borthwick na Highfield, Higher Bebington, Chester, na 25 Julaị 1862. Ọ bụ ada nke atọ nke ụmụ nwoke atọ nke onye ahịa George Borthwick, na Mary Elizabeth Borthwick (née MacDonald).  Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ya na England, Borthwick bụ onye Scot nke agbụrụ Gaelic.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, o gosipụtara mmasị na omenala Ireland, ma mụọ Irish na Southwark Literary Society na London..

 Iji asụsụ Irish arụ ọrụ 
Onye nwere nka nke ukwuu, [1] Borthwick nwetara aha Ireland ebe saịtị mbụ nke eserese ahụ bụ Olphert estate nke Gweedore, County Donegal na United Ireland na ngwụcha 1890s.. 

Na Jenụwarị 1895, Borthwick sonyeere Gaelic League nke London, mgbe ọ gara Markham Square, Chelsea, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye egwuregwu bọọlụ.  O ritere ihe nrite maka ya essay ya, Brí na N'Itral I múss na náyntachta (Mkpa langum dù n'ihe số mba), of the Oireachtas na Gaeilge of 1897, under aha "Aodh Rua" (Red Hugh).  N'abo sochirinụ, o ritere ihe nrite n'ọb ụbọ.[1]  Mgbe e hiwere Irish Texts Society na 26 Eprel 1898 na London Borthwick na Eleanor Hull bụ ndị odeakwụkwọ mbụ.. 

Site na Mee ruo Disemba 1898 Borthwick jere ozi na kansụl etiti nke Njikọ Gaelic dị ka odeakwụkwọ, wee bụrụ onye otu kansụl na 1899. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Oireachtas na Gaeilge nke afọ ahụ, na "agụmakwụkwọ na uto" ya dị ka ihe bara uru nye nzukọ ahụ.

Borthwick bụ onye isi otu Gaelic League ọhụrụ nke Drumcondra, Dublin na 1900.[1]  Mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Njikọ, e nwere nanị ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole na nzukọ ahụ.
áká_èkpè|thumb|Akwụkwọ Norma Borthwick nke Jack Butler Yeats sere
Borthwick na Eoin MacNeill bipụtara An Claidheamh Soluis, usoro mbipụta Irish maka akwụkwọ akụkọ St Patrick site na 1900 ruo 1903, n'okpuru aha "Egwu Mona".  N'afọ 1900, o dere ma hụ ihe osise Aigibitir na Gaeilge, na 1902 o wepụtara akwụkwọ Ceachta debut Gaeilge, nke Jack Butler Yeats sere.[1]  (Enwere eserese nke saịtị Borthwick nke John Butler Yeats dere.  ) 

Borthwick tọrọ ntọala Mairéad Ni Raghallaigh's Irish Book Company, nke rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ na O'Connell Street, na emesịa na Eccles Street, Dublin.  Kemgbe ahụ, o bipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ya, gụnyere akwụkwọ asaa ndị Ceol Sidhe depụtara n'okpuru.  Nna Peadar Ua Laoghaire Mo Sgéal Féin, onye si Borthwick, na-akwado akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ ahụ.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kpọrọ m ka m gụọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  Na mmekorita ya na Osborn Bergin, o bipụtara Leourín na 1913.

Borthwick bụ onye maara Lady Gregory, na-anọ n'ụlọ ya na Coole ma na-akụziri Gregory na ndị na-asụ Bekee na mpaghara Irish.[1]  N'otu oge ọ nọrọ, ya na Douglas Hyde mere ihe ngosi Punch na asụsụ Irish.

She taught Irish in the Dominican convent on Eccles Street, and was a private Irish tutor to numerous wealthy families.

 Ndụ e mesịrị 
Borthwick hapụrụ Ireland na 1919 ịlụ nwunye ya Grace Hay Borthwick, bụ onye na-arịa ọrịa.  Mbụ enwe nke Newcastle n'elu Tyne, mgbe ahụ Scalfay nke Shetland Islands, na enwe nke Kilbride House, Kilbride, Skye na mbubreyo 1920's n'oge na-adịghị anya, Borthwick kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na-enweghị ike ikwu okwu, n'ihi na o nwere encephalitis lethargica ma ọ bụ na-ehi ụra na Agha Ụwa Mbụ.  Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Kilbride na 13 June 1934, ọ tara ahụhụ site na ọrịa ụra ruo afọ 16, Parkinsonism afọ isii, na ọrịa bulbar afọ abụọ.  Ọ hapụrụ àgwàetiti ahụ.

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