Asụsụ Engan

Asụsụ Engan, ma ọ bụ karịa Enga–Kewa–Huli ma ọ bụ Enga – Southern Highland, bụ obere ezinụlọ nke asụsụ Papuan nke ugwu Papua New Guinea. Alaka abụọ nke ezi na ụlọ nwere njikọ tere aka, mana Franklin na Voorhoeve (1973) jikọtara ya. 

 Aha 
A na-amachikarị aha "Engan" na mpaghara ugwu nke ezinụlọ, na asụsụ ndị ahụ nwere njikọ na Enga, ma mgbe ụfọdụ na ezinụlọ n'ozuzu ya.

 Asụsụ 
Asụsụ ndị a dabara na ngalaba atọ dị iche iche: Engan kwesịrị ekwesị, Huli na Southern Highlands:

 North Engan (Engan kwesịrị ekwesị): Enga – Kyaka – Lembena, Ipili, Bisorio (Nete, Iniai)
 South Engan (Kewa-Huli)
 Huli
 Ebe ndịda ugwu: Angal (Mendi), Kewa ; Samberigi (Sau)

 Nhazi 
Ezinụlọ Engan bụ ngalaba nke asụsụ Trans–New Guinea na nhazi nke Wurm na nke Malcolm Ross, mana ihe akaebe maka nke a adịghị ike.

Usher jikọtara asụsụ Engan na Chimbu na ezinụlọ Central New Guinea Highlands . 

Enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke myirịta na Wiru . Akwụsịghị ịgbazinye ego dịka ihe kpatara nke a, n'agbanyeghị na nnọchiaha aha ya bụ otu ihe ahụ.

 Asụsụ proto 

 Ekwentị 
Usher (2020) na-ewughachi ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dịka ndị a: "Enga – Southern Highlands". New Guinea World. Retrieved 2024-07-20.

 Nkpọaha 
Mkpọaha dị mfe iji wughachi maka ngalaba ugwu na ndịda, mana ọ na-esiri Engan n'ozuzu ya ike. Ross (2005) nwere ihe ndị a maka otu, agbakwunyere Wiru maka ntụnyere:

Usher (2020) ebipụtabeghị nwughari nke Engan n'ozuzu ya, mana o meela Engan nke ọma: 

 Okwu okwu 
Ụfọdụ nrụgharị akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Proto-Trans Enga (Proto-Engan) nke Usher (2020) bụ: 

 Ntugharị ọhụụ nke oge a 
Enga-Kewa-Huli reflexes nke proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma, ọ bụrụ na asụsụ Engan bụ n'ezie ndị otu ezinụlọ Trans-New Guinea, bụ: 

Enga :

 mona 'obi' < *mundun
 yaka 'bird' <* yaka(i)
 lyaŋa 'ashes' < * la(ŋ,k)a
 ŋaŋa 'baby < *ŋaŋ(a)
 (m)ama 'nne' <* am(a,i)
 kuri 'ọkpụkpụ' < *kondaC
 kare 'ear' <* kand(e,i)k(V]
 ne- 'iri' < *na
 apa(ne) 'nna' < *apa
 iti 'ntutu' <* iti[C]
 endo 'ọkụ' < * kend(o,u)p
 lema 'Louse' < *niman
 kana 'moon' <* takVn[V]
 mana 'ntuziaka' < *mana
 kitama 'ututu' < * k(i,u)tuma
 kumi- 'die' < *kumV-
 kwugharịa ' < *nde-
 maa 'taro' < *mV
 ita 'osisi' <*inda

 ega 'bird' <* yaka(i)
 na- 'na-eri' < *na-
 aba 'nna' < *apa
 iri 'hair' < * iti[C]
 ira 'osisi' <*inda
 ma 'tara' < *mV

Nkewa :

 ama 'nne' < * am(a,i)
 ibi 'name' < *imbi
 iri 'hair' < * iti[C]
 uni 'bone' < *kwanjaC
 apu 'ọdụ' <* a(mb,m)u
 lema 'Louse' < * niman
 oma 'die' < *kumV-
 reka- 'guzo' <* t(a,e)kV-
 la- 'okwu' < *nde-
 maa 'taro' < *mV
 yaa 'bird' <* yaka(i)

Mendi :

 abum 'nne' <* am(a,i)
 ap 'Nna' < *apa
 mbi 'aha' < *imbi
 ome- ' die' < *kumV-

 Okwu ndị bụ isi 
Okwu ndị bụ isi nke Enga na Kewa sitere na William A. Foley (1986). Abụọ ụzọ abụọ nke okwu bụchaghị ejikọta. 

 Ntụaka 
Guinea. Alaka abụọ nke ezi na ụlọ nwere njikọ tere: /a, e, i, o, u/ . Udaume niile nwere ụdị dị iche iche

 Ross, Malcolm . 2014. Proto-Engan . TransNewGuinea.org .

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Enga – Southern Highlands Archived  
 (ibid) Trans-Enga

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations