Boturu amoosu

Bottle witch bụ ihe ndekọ apotropaic eji eme ihe dị ka ihe ọmụma nke amoosu.  A na-achọta ha n'ihe ihe ndị mere eme sitere na England na United States.  Ihe mbụ a mbụ aha bụ site na mbụ adọ nke iri na asaa n'England.

 Mmalite na nzube 
Otu n'ime mbụ nke karama amoosu na Suffolk, England, bụ na 1681 na Joseph Glanvill's Saducismus Triumphatus, ma ọ bụ Ihe gbasara gbasara ndị amoosu na ihe ngosi.:

akara ọመልካ ala n'oge ọgbara ọhụrụ ọ bụ omenala a na-ama izochi ihe dị ka ihe ndị e dere ede, nwamba kpara nkụ, Okpokoro isi ụgbọ, Akpụkpọ ụkwụ zoro ezo, na karama ndị amoosu n'ime ụlọ.[2][3]  Anwansi omenala na-ekwu na karama ndị na-amoosu na-echebe egbochi mgbasa ozi na-ekiri, ma na-ama ọgwụ ndị amoosu;  ha bụ ngwaọrụ anọ;  fim ya bụ ụdị ma jide ngwaahịa na-emetụta ndị nwe ha.

 Nkọwa 
Ụfọdụ n'ime karama ndị amoosu mbụ e dere ede nwere ite nkume nnu a na-akpọ Bartmann jugs, Bellarmines, ma ọ bụ "Greybeards".  A na-akpọ Bellarmines aha onye Inquisitor na-atụ egwu, Robert Bellarmine, onye kpagburu ndị Protestant ma nye aka n'ịkpọ Giordano Bruno ọkụ.  A na-eji ihe ndị na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ na-acha ntụ ntụ mee Greybeards na Bellarmines nke e ji nnu mee ma jiri ihu nwere afụ ọnụ ọnụ ya mma.

 Nkwadebe 
onye amoosu ọcha ma ọ bụ onye na ọrịa ga- ike karama onye amoosu ahụ.  N'ihi ihe mere eme, karama onye amoosu ahụ nwere mamịrị, ntutu ma ọ bụ ntú, ma ọ bụ eriri uhie sitere n'ọnyà sprite.  Mgbe e hụ, a na-e akara karama ndị amoosu na rosemary, agịga na pin, na na-acha ọkụ.  N'okpuru ọkụ ụlọ, ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ebe a na-ahụ ahụkebe n'ama ahụ.  Ekwenyere na mgbe e liri ya, karama ahụ na-ejide ihe ihe nke a na-akpọgide na pin na agịga, na-egbu ya, ma chụpụ ya na rosemary..

Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ala eme ihe. Ụdị karama ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnwe ájá, nkume, eriri, ábụ́bà, mkpokoro, ahịhịa, okooko osisi, nnu, vinegar, mmanụ, mkpụrụ ego, ma ọ bụ ntụ. Ngwaọrụ anwansi yiri nke ahụ bụ "lemon na pins".

Mgbanwe ọzọ dị n'ime ihe a na-etinye na karama ahụ. A tụbara karama ụfọdụ nke ndị amoosu n'ime ọkụ ma mgbe ha gbawara, a kwụsịrị ịgba afa ma ọ bụ gbuo onye amoosu ahụ.

E ta na karama ndị amoosu na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ na karama ahụ ikike na-ezo ma mba ịgbaji.  Ndị mmadụ nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ịdebe karama ndị amoosu ha - a Hindura ndị e liri n'okpuru ọkụ ọkụ mgbe a kwatuchara ụlọ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ furu efu.   Mmalite nke ọdịnala a ka a mgbasa ma ọ ị chọrọ ala na ike awụ nke iri na isii.  N'oge ochie, a na-eji nkume eme karama ndị ahụ ma nwee ike mbọ na-agba nchara, mamịrị, ogwu ntutu, ịhụ nsso, na-ama iko, osisi, na ọkpụkpụ..

 N'England 
 Ụdị "ọgwụ a" 1911 Ahụ na ndị amoosu siri ike.   A na- karama ndị ahụ e liri n'okpuru ọkụ, n'okpuru ala, ma tinye ha n'ime akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 2016, e sere karama iko a mmekọrịta e liri n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nwoke n'otu ihe omume nke Antiques Roadshow nke e mere na Trelissick, Cornwall;  fim n'ihe nkiri iko Andy McConnell detụrụ obere ihe dị n'ime ya na-ekwu na ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ omume ọ bụ ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọ tara na ọ na ọ na-atọ ụtọ na-agba nchara na-eme, ihe omume ọzọ na Mahadum Loughborough ihera na ọ nwere "m, obere obere" n'iji brass.  A na-eche na ọ bụ karama amoosu.

 Na Belgium 
N'oge a na-emezigharị ụlọ mmanya De Zwarte Ruiter na Turnhout, Belgium, na 2020 a chọtara ite sitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii. A na-eji ya eme ihe iji gbochie amoosu. Ọ bụ oge mbụ a chọtara "bottle amoosu" dị otú ahụ na Europe na-abụghị England.

 Na United States 
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a chọpụtala ihe na-erughị karama iri na abụọ nke ndị amoosu na United States.[7] Onye na-amụ banyere ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala bụ Marshall Becker bụ onye mbụ chọpụtara karama ndị amoosu America n'ihe gbasara ihe ndị e sengumunaka n'ala. [8] A maara dị ka karama amoosu Essington, a chọtara ihe ahụ n'oge a na-egwu ihe na Great Tinicum Island na Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Otu ebe ohu ma ọ bụ onye bi na Dorchester County, Maryland, nke dị n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ruo mmalite narị afọ nke abụọ, wepụtara karama ndị amoosu e liri n'ala nke ihe nkedo ya na-ejikọta ya na pin ndị kwụ ọtọ. N'afọ 2016, e gwupụtara otu karama jupụtara na mbọ n'ọkụ nke ebe Agha Obodo dị na Virginia ma yie ka ọ bụ karama amoosu.

 Hụkwa 


 Ihe odide 
Ihe edeturuAkwụkwọ



 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụwa Ọchịchịrị nke ndị amoosu. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1962
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe nzuzo nke East Anglian Magic. London: Robert Hale, 1995
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "The Usage of Witch-Bottles and Apotropaic Charms in Cornwall" Old Cornwall 12, No. 6 (2000) pp. 25-30 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Brian Hoggard na karama ndị amoosu na ihe ndị ọzọ apotropaic
 "17th Century Urine-Fist 'Witch Bottle' Found", MSNBC.com, 4 June 2009
 Otu karama ndị amoosu America
 Bottles e liri: The Archaeology of Witchcraft and Sympathetic Magic, M. Chris Manning
 Ịmeghe karama ndị amoosu
 Witch Bottle, Jefferson Patterson Park na Museum, Maryland
 Igbe Ntụmọkpọ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu si Lincolnshire, England, Portable Antiquities Scheme.
 Arịa Bellarmine nke Mosoho
 Lore Podcast Episode 156: Bottled Up