Asụsụ Kobon

Kobon (akpọ ,  ma ọ bụ  ) bụ asụsụ Papua New Guinea . Ọ nwere ebe gburugburu 90-120 ngwaa. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Kobon nwere asụsụ pandanus, a na-asụ mgbe a na-ewe ihe ubi karuka . 

 Nkesa ala 
A na-asụ Kobon na Madang Province na Western Highlands Province, ugwu ugwu Hagen .

 fonology 

 Udaume 
Udaume monophthongal bụ , diphthongs bụ  .  na  nwere ike ịbụ  na  okwu-mbụ.  (  ) e dere ⟨ ü ⟩ na  (  ) e dere ⟨ ö ⟩ .

Naanị  na diphthongs na-apụta okwu-mmalite, ewezuga urughuru ngụta, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe /a~e~o~ö/.  ime syllable-na mbụ n'ime mkpụrụokwu. Udaume niile (gụnyere diphthongs) na-eme syllable-medially (na syllables CVC), syllable-n'ikpeazụ na na nsọtụ okwu. Ọtụtụ usoro ụdaume na-eme, gụnyere ụfọdụ nwere otu ụdaume.

 Consonants 
Kobon na-amata ọdịiche dị n'akụkụ akụkụ alveolar , akụkụ ọnụ palatal , ihe mkpuchi mpụta nke subapical retroflex  (  ), na trill na-agbawa agbawa , ọ bụ ezie na esemokwu na nke ikpeazụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
+Consonants Kobon na allophone  Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal imi m ⟨ m ⟩ n ⟨ n ⟩ ɲ ⟨ ⟩ ŋ ⟨ ŋ ⟩ Ihe mgbochi lenis mb [p~b~mb~mpʰ] ⟨ b ⟩ nd [tʰ~d~nd~ntʰ] ⟨ d ⟩ ndʑ [dʑ~ɲdʑ~ɲtɕ] ⟨ j ⟩ ŋɡ [k~ɡ~ɣ~ŋɡ~ŋkʰ] ⟨ g ⟩ fortis f [f~ɸ~β~v~ʋ~p̚] ⟨ p ⟩ s ⟨ s ⟩ tɕ [tɕ~dʑ] ⟨ c ⟩ x [kʰ~kx~x~ɣ] ⟨ k ⟩ N'akụkụ l [l~ɬ] ⟨ l ⟩ ʎ ⟨ ɫ ⟩ Rhotic r [ɾ̝̊~ɾ̥~ɾ~r̝̊~r̥~r] ⟨ ⟩ ( [ ɭ ~ɽ~ɽ̊] ⟨ ƚ ⟩ Odika w ⟨ ⟩ j ⟨ y ⟩ ħ [h] ⟨ h ⟩
Enwere ike ịdepụta ihe mgbochi ụda olu mgbe ụdaume gachara, dabere na nkwenye nke bu ụzọ, ma bụrụ okwu enweghị olu-na mbụ. Mmiri mmiri ndị ọzọ karịa  na-achọ ịchụ àjà ikpeazụ . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikpeazụ  bụ  na ikpeazụ  na-eche  . (  na  emela n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ, ebe imi na  jigide ụda olu.) Consonants enweghị olu ọzọ karịa  na  ka a na-ekwupụta n'etiti ụdaume na nhọrọ.

⟨ƚ⟩ is sublaminal retroflex. It has been described as a lateral flap, .

Consonants niile na-apụta ụda okwu na mbụ, n'agbanyeghị  na-apụta naanị okwu-na mbụ n'otu mkpụrụ okwu mimetic. Consonants niile mana  mee syllable- na okwu-ikpeazụ. Ụyọkọ na-eme n'ọtụtụ (C) VC. Okwu CV(C), yana na mbụ n'ime njuaka nke ọtụtụ okwu monosyllabic CCV(C). Ụyọkọ mbụ agbanyere aka bụ  .

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

Kobon bụ isiokwu-ihe-okwu ngwaa . Otu, dual, na plural ka a na-amata ọdịiche dị n'aha nkeonwe na nkọwa okwu ikwu .

Dị ka asụsụ Kalam ndị ọzọ, Kobon bụ onye a ma ama maka inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwaa mechiri emechi —ikekwe ihe na-erughị 120 maka asụsụ ahụ dum. A na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwaa serial, na aha n'ime akpaokwu nwere nkọwa kpọmkwem, dịka mmadụ ] [ ekwu "rie nri abalị" karịa "eri nri" na bekee.

Nke a na-eme ka windo na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime semantics . Mmadụ nwere ike ịtụ anya na iji ngwaa nwere oke oke, ihe ha pụtara ga-abụ n'ozuzu dịka enwere, mee, be and go dị na bekee. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ nke a bụ n'ezie ikpe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere naanị otu ngwaa nke nghọta . Ya bụ, otu ngwaa ka a na-eji maka ịhụ, nụ, ụtọ, isi, mmetụta (ma anụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche), iche echiche, na ịghọta (tụnyere "Ahụrụ m" maka "M ghọtara" na Bekee). A na-eji ngwaa ọzọ eme ụda, ma ọ̀ bụ ikwu okwu, ịbụ abụ, ikpe ekpere, ịkwa ákwá, alaka na-agbaji, okwute na-eti mkpu, ma ọ bụ mmiri na-agba. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ngwaa Kobon akọwapụtara nke ọma. Enwere otu ewepu maka ụda; ọmụmaatụ, e nwere kpọmkwem ngwaa maka ịkpọ ezi. Enwekwara ngwaa atọ nke ịwụsa, dabere ma ihe a na-awụsa ọ siri ike, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ nri; na e nwere ọbụna ngwaa pụtara iri anọ cassowary .

 Ntụaka 
Udaume niile (gụnyere diphthongs) na-eme syllable-medially (na syllables CVC), syllable-n'ikpeazụ na na nsọtụ okwu. Ọtụtụ usoro na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na na a na-anọchi anya(ọwụwa anyanwụ Flores, Adonara, na Solor
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations