Mos Teutonicus

Mos Teutoncus (English: German omenala) ma ọ bụ nke a na-eme ihe Mos Gallicus (English: ) [1] bụ omenala olili ozu nke a na'oge ndị nwụrụ anwụ nke a na Europe n'oge etiti dị ka ụzọ isi buru, ma ndị ozu ndị nọ n'azụ dị elu.  Ndị a ma ama ga-enwekarị Mos Teutonicus ma ọ bụrụ na ebe olili ha dị anya site n'ebe ha nwụrụ.[2]  Usoro a anụ anụ ahụ n'ahụ, ka e wee nwee ike ibuga ọkpụkpụ onye nwụrụ anwụ n'ụzọ dị ọcha site n'ala ndị dị anya n'ike n'ike..

 Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga 
N'oge Middle Ages, ndị a ma ama na-anwụ mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe dị anya site n'ebe ha mmetụta ka e lie ha.[1]  Ha na-achọkarị ka e lie obi ha n'ala nna ha, n'ihi ya, ozu ha ga-aga ebe dị anya.[2]  Emperor Charlemagne ihe ozu ọkụ, na-ewere nke ọkpụkpụ dị ka ihe nke mmetụta obi.  Onye ọ kụkụkụkụ ọkụ ga-anata ụgwọ.[3]  N'ihi ya, omume nke Mos Teutonicus bịara dị ka ụzọ isi ọgụ ọkpụkpụ n'ebe dị anya n'aka ka ha bibie.  [4].  [1] Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama bụ Ọpụpụ ndị sitere na usoro ndị eze Ottonian na Salian nke a na- misali ndị ahụ ebe a na-eli ozu dị anya site n'ebe ha nwụrụ..

N'oge Agha Ntụte nke obodo maka Ala Nsọ, echeghị na ọ dị mma ka e lie ndị isi n'ebe dị anya site n'ala nna ha n' egwuregwu Ndị egwuregwu.[1]  Ibuga ahụ dum n'ebe dị anya bụ ihe na- ike uru na ihe na-adịghị ọcha n'ihi ire ure.  Mos Teutonicus juputara na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, dịka gburugburu ifufe Mediterenian, ebe ọ bụ na ahụ na-emebi ngwa ngwa..

Ndị isi Germany nwere ihe mmemme na olili ozu ime n'Ala Nsọ, kama n'ala ha.[1]  Onye na-ede ihe mere eme nke Florentine bụ Boncompagno bụ onye mmalite usoro ahụ kpọmkwem na ndị isi Germany, ma ịkpọ okwu Mos Teutonikos, nke rep 'omenala German'.[note 1]

Ndị isi ndị England na ndị France na-ahọrọ ịgbasi ozu karịa , nke gụnyere ili eriri afọ na obi n'ebe dị iche site na ozu ahụ.Westerhof (October 16, 2008). Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843834168. Otu n'ime uru nke  bụ na ọ dị ọnụ ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịgbasi ozu, ma dị ọcha karị.

Nchekwa ozu bụ ihe a ma ama n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Brown, Elizabeth A. R. (1981). "Death and the Human Body in the Late Middle Ages: The Legislation of Boniface VIII on the division of the Corpse". Viator. XII. UCLA: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies: 223 to 270. A na-ahụ ahụ na-ere ure dị ka onye nnọchi anya ihe mmehie na ihe ọjọọ.Westerhof (October 16, 2008). Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843834168. Embalming na , tinyere ihe oyiyi ili, bụ ụzọ isi nye ozu echiche efu nke stasis ma wepụ onyinyo na-adịghị mma nke ire ure na ire ure.
alt=A human skull with a crown in a niche. Outside of the niche, two angel putti hold a marble plate inscribed 'Ex Ossibus / Sanctus Ludovicus Rex Francorum / Louis XI - Roi de France / Mort à Carthage le 25 août 1270 / Huitième Croisade / Ora Pro Nobis'.|thumb|Okpokoro isi nke Louis nke Itoolu na Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France
N'afọ 1270, ozu Eze Louis nke Itoolu, onye nwụrụ na Tunis, nke bụ ala ndị obodo, nọ n'okpuru usoro nke Mos Teutoncus maka ibughachi ya na France..Westerhof (October 16, 2008). Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843834168.

 Usoro 
Usoro nke Mos Teutonikọs gosiri site napụ ozu ahụ [1] iji mee ka ọ sie mfe na usoro ahụ, ebe a na-esi otu ahụ na mmiri, mmiri ara ehi, ma ọ bụ mmanya [2] ruo ọtụtụ awa.[3]  Ịsa ahụ nwere ikike nke ikewapụ anụ ahụ na ọkpụkpụ.  A ụgbọ mmiri obi na eriri afọ iji nye nhọrọ maka mbufe nke ọkpụkpụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị.[4]  A na-ụka ihe ọ lara njọ n'ọkpụkpụ ahụ, na-ewepụ ọkpụkpụ dị ọcha.[3]  Enwere ike ili anụ ahụ na ahụ ahụ dị n'ime ike, ma ọ bụ jiri nnu njikere ya n'otu ụzọ ahụ anụmanụ.[1]  Mgbe ahụ, a ire iji ihe na-esi ụtọ ma ọ bụ ihe na-esure ụtọ wụsa ahụ.[2]  A ga-eweghachi ọkpụkpụ na anụ ọ gbara mbọ n'ala nna onye nwụrụ anwụ maka olili ozu.

Ndị obodo oge ochie na-ewere afọ dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma Westerhof (October 16, 2008). Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843834168. ma ọ nweghị nnukwu ememe na-emetụta ha, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị isi Germany. Schäfer, Dietrich (1920). "Mittelalter Brauch bei Der Überführung von Leichen". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaftler. XXVI. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: 478–489.

 Mmachibido iwu 
Ọ bụ ezie na Chọọchị ahụ nwere nkwanye ùgwù dị elu maka omume ahụ, a maara Popu Boniface nke Asatọ dị ka onye na-asọ Mos Teutonicus oyi n'ụzọ pụrụ iche n'ihi echiche ya nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya nke 1299, De Sepulturis, Boniface machibidoro omume ahụ. A na-akọwakarị akwụkwọ ozi popu nke machibidoro omume a dị ka mmachibido iwu megide dissection mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike igbochi nchọpụta anatomical, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị anatomists tụrụ egwu mmetụta na ntaramahụhụ n'ihi nyocha ahụike, mana De Sepulturis machibidoro omume Mos Teutonicus, ọ bụghị dissection n'ozuzu (a maara ndị dọkịta oge ochie na-eme dissection na autopsy n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nwere onye enyemaka na-eme n'ezie ọkpụkpụ na njikwa nke ozu ). Omume nke Mos Teutonicus mechara kwụsị na narị afọ nke iri na ise. Weiss-Krejci, Estella (December 2001). "Restless corpses: 'secondary burial' in the Babenberg and Habsburg dynasties". Antiquity. 75 (290): 769–780. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00089274. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161843486.

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