Asụsụ Puyuma

Asụsụ Puyuma ma ọ bụ Pinuyumayan ( Chinese    ), bụ asụsụ Puyuma, ụmụ amaala Taiwan . Ọ bụ asụsụ Formosan dị iche iche nke ezinụlọ Austronesia . Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ndị toro eto.

Puyuma bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Austronesian dị iche ma daa n'èzí nrụgharị nke Proto-Austronesia .

 Olumba 
Nhazi ime nke olumba Puyuma dị n'okpuru sitere na Ting (1978) . A na-ahụta Nanwang Puyuma dị ka onye na-echekwa ụda olu mana ọ dị ọhụrụ n'asụsụ dị iche iche, dịka na ya na-echekwa proto-Puyuma plosives ma na-emekọrịta ojiji nke ma oblique na genitive. [ 2 ]

 Proto-Puyuma
 Nanwang
 ( Isi alaka )
 Pinaski - Ulivelivek
 Pinaski
 Ulivek
 Rikavung
 Kasavakan-Katipul
 Kasavakan
 Katipul

Obodo ndị na-asụ Puyuma bụ: [ 3 ]

 Ụyọkọ Puyuma ('nke achara mụrụ')

 Puyuma ( Chinese )
 Apapulu ( Chinese )

 Ụyọkọ Katipul ('nke nkume mụrụ')

 Alipai ( Chinese )
 Pinaski ( Chinese ); 2 km n'ebe ugwu Puyuma/Nanwang, ma na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ya
 Pankiu ( Chinese )
 Kasavakan ( Chinese 
 Katratripul ( Chinese )
 Likavung ( Chinese )
 Tamalakawa ( Chinese )
 Ulivek ( Chinese )

 fonology 
Puyuma nwere consonants 18 na ụdaume 4:
+Puyuma Consonants [ 4 ]Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Ihu imi m n ŋ ⟨ ⟩ Plosive Enweghị olu p t ʈ ⟨ tr ⟩ k ʔ ⟨ ' ⟩ Ekwuru b d ɖ ⟨ ⟩ ɡ Nke na-ese okwu s Trill r Odika l ⟨ lr ⟩ ɭ ⟨ l ⟩ j ⟨ y ⟩ w
+Udaume Puyuma [ 4 ] N'ihu Central Azu Mechie i u N'etiti ⟩ ⟨ə Mepee a
Rịba ama na Teng na-eji ⟨ lr ⟩ maka /ɭ / na ⟨ l ⟩ maka /l /, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọrụ gọọmentị. A na-eji akwụkwọ edemede gọọmentị eme ihe n'isiokwu a.

 Ụtọ asụsụ 

 Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ 

 Onye na-eme ihe nkiri: Ø (enweghị akara), -em-, -en- (mgbe labials gasịrị), me-, meʔ-, ma-
 Ihe na-elekwasị anya: -aw
 Ntụleghachi anya: -ay
 Ngwa elekwasịrị anya: -nay

Enwere akụkụ atọ: [ 5 ]

 Zuru oke
 Ezughi oke
 Ọdịnihu

Enwere ụzọ abụọ: [ 5 ]

 Dị mkpa
 Ọdịnihu na-akụda mmụọ

Mgbakwunye gụnyere: [ 5 ]

 Zuru oke: Ø (enweghị akara)
 Ezughi oke: Mbughari; -a-
 Ọdịnihu: Mgbanwegharị, mgbe ụfọdụ naanị -a-
 Ọdịnihu dị egwu: -a-
 Ụdị dị mkpa: Ø (enweghị akara)

+Ihe atụ njikọ ngwaa maka trakaw "izu ohi" [ 6 ] Na-arụ ọrụ Onye ọrịa Ebe Ihe na-akpata Realis Enweghị akara tr em akaw trakaw trakaw ay trakaw na Na-aga n'ihu trema trakaw trakaw aw trakaw ay trakaw anya Ogologo oge trematra trakaw tratraw aw tratraw ay tratra trakaw anya Irealis trakaw trakaw i trakaw an Dị mkpa trakaw trakaw i trakaw u trakaw an Hortative tr em akaw a -

 Syntax 
Puyuma nwere usoro okwu ngwaa-mmalite.

Edemede gụnyere: [ 7 ]

 i - otu onye
 a - otu na-abụghị nke onwe
 na - plural (nkeonwe na nke na-abụghị nke onwe)

 Nkpọaha 
Mkpọaha aha Puyuma nkeonwe bụ: [ 8 ]
+Puyuma Personal Pronouns (N'efu) Ụdị nke Aha aha Nhọpụta  Oblique: Direct Oblique: Indirect Oblique: Na-abụghị isiokwu Anọpụ iche 1s. nka kanku, otu draku, ndu kanku kuiku 2s. nne kanu, kanu dranu, duru kanu yuyu 3s. dịnụ kantu, kanantu dratu, dranantu kantaw taytaw 1p. (gụnyere) nanta kanta, kananta drata, drana kanta taita 1p. (Ewezuga) naniam kaniam, kanyam draaniam, draaniam kaniam mimi 2p. nnemu kanemu, kanemu dranemu, dranemu kanemu muimu 3p. dịnụ kantu, kanantu dratu, dranantu kantaw -
+Puyuma Personal Pronouns (Bound) Ụdị nke Aha aha Nhọpụta (Isiokwu) Nhọpụta (Onye nwe isiokwu) Genitive 1s. =ku ku= ku= 2s. =yu nu= nu= 3s. - tu= tu= 1p. (gụnyere) =ta ta = ta = 1p. (Ewezuga) =mi niam= mi= 2p. =mu mu= mu= 3p. - tu= tu=

 Mgbakwunye 
Mgbakwunye Puyuma bụ: [ 10 ]


 Ihe ndetu 

 Ntụaka 
 .

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典(in Chinese) - Ibe ọchụchọ Puyuma na "akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị" nke weebụsaịtị nyocha na mmepe asụsụ ụmụ amaala.
 Ihe nkuzi Puyuma nke Kansụl nke ụmụ amaala Taiwan (in Chinese) bipụtara
 Ntụgharị Puyuma nke mgbaghara Onye isi ala Tsai Ing-wen 2016 nye ụmụ amaala – nke e bipụtara na webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala.