Charles Butler (onye na-azụ aṅụ)

Charles Butler (1571[1] - 29 Machị 1647),[2] mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Nna nke Bekee Beekeeping,[3] bụ onye na-ekwu okwu , ọka ọṅụṅụ, onye edemede, onye ọrụ (Vicar nke Wootton St Lawrence, nso Basingstoke, England), na Onye na-azụ nwere ike.  Ọ bụkwa onye mbụ na-akwado Mgbanwe nke ajụjụ okwu Bekee.  Ọ chọrọ na ọnọdụ na-ebe wax combs na ibe wax ikpe n'ime ahụ ha;  ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị mbụ kwusiri ike na drones bụ nwoke na eze aṅụ, ọ bụ ya na ọrịa na ọrịa ndị ọrụ na-eyi.

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Butler n'ime ezinụlọ dara ogbenye na Buckinghamshire, South East England, mana ọ ghọrọ nwa nwoke chorister na Magdalen College, Oxford mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ.[1]  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ, na-ewere BA ya na 1584 na MA ya na 1587. Na 1593, Butler ghọrọ Rector of Nately Scures na Hampshire na 1593 na na 1595 ghọkwara Master na Holy Ghost School, Basingstoke.  Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ịnakwere ọkwá ya na Wootton St Lawrence na 1600 wee jee ozi n'ime ime obodo ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 29 Maachị 1647. E liri ya n'ili a na-edeghị aha n'isi ụlọ ụka ya.. 

 Ịkpa aṅụ 
Butler na-arụ ọrụ n'ịzụ n'ike n'ike ndị na-egosi ya dị n'ime ime obodo na Hampshire ma mee ihe mbụ e dekọrọ ụgbọ nke wax ụgbọ, nke e chere na ike na-achịkọta site na ihe mmetụta.  Ọ bụghị ya bụ onye mbụ ndị ikwu , ikwubiga okwu ike dị ka eze, kama ịbụ eze - 5 na-enyekarị onye Spain Luis Mendez de Torres maka mgba ya na 1586, nke Swammerdam mechara mee ka ọ bụrụ nke a akwụkwọ.  Otú ọ dị, Butler mere ka echiche ahụ bụrụ ihe ma ama n'akwụkwọ ya bụ The Feminine Monarchie, 1609. Butler nwere ike ọrụ eze n'ụzọ na-ụlọ ezi mgbe ọ na ndị na-eme na- ewere eze ihe na-a njikọ mgbe ụfọdụ site na "ndị ọrụ na-eyi", dị ka na obi abụọ egwuregwu ya na ọ mụrụ eze dị ka onye na-achị Amazon nke ụlọ.  Dị ka onye na-azụ ụgbọ na onye edemede nwere ike, ókè ya na drones bụ nwoke na ndị ọrụ, nabatara ngwa.  N'ihi ya na akwụkwọ ya, a na-akpọ Butler mgbe ụfọdụ Nna nke Ịkpa Abịa Bekee.

 Ọchịchị Ụmụ nwanyị 
The Feminine Monarchie, nke Joseph Barnes, Oxford, akwụkwọ na 1609, bụ akwụkwọ mbụ zuru ezu n'asụsụ Bekee ọmụmụ ọgwụ ahụike.  Ọ bụ́ nwunye dị mma ma baa uru maka ndị na-azụ ụgbọ ruo eru apụta abụọ na iri ise, ruo mgbe Langstroth na ndị ọzọ ozi ma kwalite ụlọ nmeri akụ na-agagharị agagharị.  Butler dezi isi The Feminine Monarchie na 1623 na 1634. A ike ya n'asụsụ Latịn na 1678 na 1682, wee si na Latin wepụ na Bekee ọzọ na 1704. Aha ahụ echiche bụ isi nke Butler na-achịkwa njikwa ahụ, ọ bụghị eze, dị ka Aristotle kwuru, kama ọ bụ eze-a.  mmịpụta ikpeazụ nke Butler dere nwere isi iri, ngalaba njikọ, ihe ndị na-eme ụlọ, ejide m, ndị iro, inye ọkụ nri, na uru ọkụ na osisi (mollination).  Akwụkwọ na-enye mmetụta nke ike ime. Akwụkwọ na-enye mmetụta ahụ ike ime.  Butler ụdị ahụ ma tinye Madrigal nke Bees na egwu egwu na ike 1623. Ọ gara n'ihu na-atụ aro na ndị na-agụ na-enwe ike manyere nke egwu na onye nke ụlọ..

 Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ okwu 
Charles Butler bipụtara The English grammar (1633) na aro iji melite mkpụrụedemede fonetiki. N'akwụkwọ ya, Butler katọrọ ọdịiche dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ okwu Bekee ọdịnala ma tụọ aro ka a nabata usoro ebe 'ndị ikom kwesịrị ide altogeđer dịka ụda a na-enweta ugbu a'.  E dere mbipụta 1634 nke a na-akpọ aṅụ ma bipụta ya na orthography ọhụrụ ya.

 Ihe odide ndị ọzọ 
Butler dere akwụkwọ nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ kachasị ere, The Logic of Ramus (1597), mmeghe maka nkà ihe ọmụma nke onye Protestant French nke oge ya bụ Pierre de la Ramée. O biputara akwukwo banyere egwu, The principles of musik in singing and setting (1636), na nkwado nkà mmụta okpukpe nke alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ụmụ nwanne nne mbụ, na-adaba na nkwa ọlụlụ na alụmdi na-esote nke nwa ya nwanyị na nwa nwanne ya nwoke.

 Ihe odide 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Free scores by Charles Butler (beekeeper)naInternational Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)