Kaapse Klopse

Kaapse Klopse (ma ọ bụ naanị Klopse), nke a na-akpọ Cape Town Minstrel Carnival, bụ emume minstrel na-acha odo odo nke Cape nke a naeme kwa afọ na January 2 na Cape Town, South Africa..

A na-akpọkwa emume ahụ Tweede Nuwe Jaar (Afrikaans maka Afọ Ọhụrụ nke amaghị).  Ihe ruru 13,000 minstrels [ihe odide dị mkpa] gaa n'okporo ụzọ, na-eyi uwe na- አስቀድሞ, na-ebu nche anwụ mara mma ma na-akpọ ọtụtụ ngwá egwu.  Ndị minstrels na-hazi onwe ha n'ime bugse ("clubs" na Kaapse Afrikaans, mana a ike nke ọma dị ka ndị otu na Bekee).  A na-echekwadị ahụ́ ekiri etiti, awụ nke iri na.  [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 

N'okpuru በታች ókè, oge nke gosiri ókè na ike nke manyere na South Africa, a mara emume ahụ dị ka coon Carnival, mana ndị obodo agbanweela aha emume ahụ Cape Town Minstrel Carnival dịka a na-ewere okwu coon dị.  mkparị.  

E nwere echiche iji ihu ojii eme ihe site n'aka ndị na-eme ememme.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Na mgbede nke 30 Disemba, ndị mmadụ na-ezukọta na Bo-Kaap (Malay Quarter na Signal Hill) iji chere Tweede Nuwe Jaar (2 Jenụwarị) na abụ nke ndị ukwe Malay na ndị na-akụ egwu ghooma na-eweta nke Afọ  Ọhụrụ.  [1]N'ime apụ nke iri na ndụ, ndị Dutch na-eme emume Afọ Ọhụrụ ma were ya dị ka nnukwu oriri kwa afọ.  Ndị ohu ga-enweta ezumike otu ụbọchị na Jenụwarị 2 ma kwe ka ha mee emume n'ụzọ nke ha.  E wepụrụ ohu na Cape na 1 Disemba 1834. Tweede Nuwe Jaar onyonyo emume nke "omenala Creole" na Cape Town.  A na-eme emu na a haziri ndị carnival mbụ na 1887. [2]N'afọ ndị a na-akpa ókè, ndị Cape Minstrels bụrụ abụ dịka "Dis'n nuwe jaar" ("Ọ bụ afọ ọhụrụ")  , na ọtụtụ abụ obodo, nke bụ eziokwu na Cape Province na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ọdịnala Cape Minstrel nke oge a sitere na iyi ndị minstrels America gara Cape.  Ndị minstrels nke Old Cape, dị ka "Ndị Etiopia", nwere nchịkọta nke ha nke egwu Dutch na American.  Ndị minstrels a na-agagharị n'okporo ụzọámá nke Cape Town ma jiri abụ ha na-eme ndị obodo ahụ.  Ihe osise nke Heinrich Egersdorfer sere na 1884 National nke ndị ahụ site na ngalaba nke Salvation Army, nke ịkpọ ọtụtụ ndị obodo ahụ, nwere ike inye aka n'idị ihe nke Klopse na-egosi taa.[1]N'afọ 1862,  ndị Christy's Minstrels a ma ama n'ụwa niile si na United States gaa Cape na 1890 Orpheus McAdoo's Virginia Jubilee Singers ókè na Cape Town.  Ndị Christy's Minstrels bụ ndị ọcha na ndị ọcha bụ ndị jiri cork ọkụ mee ka ihu ha gbaa iji mee ka ndị ohu Africa-America.  N'agbata Julaị 1890 na June 1898 ha mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi minstrel na Cape Town ma ekwere na nke a nyere aka na ọkụ nke Cape Minstrels na Coon Carnival.[2]  egwu ndị egwu na Coon Carnival egwu omenala nke ite ihu ha oji ma mee ka anya ha na-acha ọcha iji yie "racons".  [3]N'afọ 1900, emee ahụ mere n'ebe dị iche iche.  N'afọ 1907, Green Point Cricket Club haziri Carnival mbụ ma bufee ya na Green Point Track nke àgwà omenala.[1]  Ihe omume ahụ gara n'ihu na 1908 na 1909, mana ọ mgbe nke ahụ ikike ruo na 26 January 1920, mgbe onye ndú nke African People Organisation, Abdullah Abdurahman, we guzo "Grand Carnival na Green Point Track".[1]  N'afọ 1921, Cape Town Cricket Club mere emume carnival na Newlands ma nke a bụ atụrụ nke minstrel n'ebe dị iche iche na saịtị na bọọdụ nhazi dị iche iche.  Carnivals nke Afọ Ọhụrụ nke 1920s na 1930s wetara Minstrels, Privates, Brass Bands, Choirs na Malay Choirs ọnụ..Coon Carnival – New Year in Cape Town, Past and Present. Dennis Constant Martin. David Philip Publishers Cape Town 1999

 Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ 
Iwu Group Areas Act nke 1966 na District Six bụ naanị ebe ndị ọcha na-akpata ihe dị ka ndị bi na 60,000 ka a ịchụpụ ma kwaga n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke Cape Flats, dị ka Manenberg na Mitchells Plain.[1]  Mme-abuba nke Group Areas Act mere ka obodo ghara inwe ike nke ịbụ nke obodo ha tolitere na ya n'ihi nri a manyere ha.  Mmiri Minstrel gbasara Gafe Peninsula n'ebe dị iche iche.  N'afọ 1967, a ndekọ Carnival n'ike ya na Green Point Stadium.  N'afọ 1968, ọ dịghị Minstrels na-eme vidiyo na Cape Town CBD.  [2] Njem iji gaa ndị iroghachi ihe ịma aka ọzọ na amị maka m ndị na-ahọmpi minstrel dị iche iche.  N'ime afọ ndị 1970, a na-eji okporo ụzọ site na iwu na "Ilegal Gathering Act" eme ihe iji tinye ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ na ndị na-eji okporo ụzọ minstrel.[1]  Site na 1971, a na-eji Athlone Stadium eme ihe maka ndị na-ahụ ndị ọcha.  N'afọ 1977, a ndekọ ndekọ Minstrel niile n'makà ọ ALA nke Cape Town ma n'ihi ya, ndị mmadụ akara ikiri nke ahụ.[2]  A kwagara ihe omume ahụ n'etiti ámá egwuregwu dị iche iche iji mee ka ọ dị ndụ ruo 1989, mgbe ihe omume ahụ la n'ụzọ mbụ ya: site na District Six gaa n'ámá egwuregwu Green Point.African Business, Issue 272. 2002

 Tweede Nuwe Jaar 
Tweede Nuwe Jaar ("Afọ Ọhụrụ nke amaghị") bụ ụbọchị ndị na Cape Town ma sitere n'iche ndị na-egosi ike ohu, ihe mere eme ya na Coon Carnival.  N'etiti eje nke iri na ndụ, a na-enye ndị ohu Cape otu ụbọchị ezumike site n'ịbụ ndị ha na January 2 kwa afọ.  N'oge emume Afọ Ọhụrụ a, ndị ohu ga-eyi uwe dị ka ndị minstrels ma na-agba egwu na ndị nke banjos, guitar, ghoema drums, whistles, trombones na tubas.Tweede Nuwe Jaar bụ emume nke ndụ obodo.  Ọ na-egosi na ọ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti oge gara aga, ugbu a na eserese.[1]  A na-azọrọ na onye egwu a ma ama bụ Taliep Petersen, nke nwụrụ anwụ, kwuru ememe Tweede Nuwe Jaar, "Dis onse dag" ("Ọ bụ ụbọchị anyị").  Ọ bụ ụbọchị ndị ọrụ obodo nke lanarị ịgba ohu, o gosiri Ókè na gosiri ókè n'etiti ndị mmadụ na-eme emume adị ya na nnɔgidesi ike ya..

 Nhazi ìgwè 
N'afọ 1880-1890, ndị otu na ndị otu na-eme ememe dị ka ndị na-eme egwuregwu nwere ihe na uwe ndị iche na-agagharị n'obodo ahụ na mpaghara ndị dị iche iche na New Year's Eve.  Ndị otu a ọdịdị ejiji iche maka Afọ Ọhụrụ ma ndịdị a dị mkpa nke ihe omume ahụ.  Ihe ndị otu 60 minstrel, a mara ihe dị ka otu puku ndị siri ike na-ekere òkè naekere ahụ.  Ndị otu Minstrel na-ahọ mpi nke ukwuu na-eduga na-eduga na na-, ejiji na-egosi na-edebe dị ka ihe ruo mgbe nnukwu ihe ngosi ga-ka n'ụbọchị ahụ.  Ha na-aa mpi maka ihe nrite dịka "Ihe nrite onye mmeri nke ndị mmeri".  Ndị Pennsylvania enwetala ihe nrite a ruo afọ iri n'usoro.   Ndị otu minstrel na-enye ndị otu ahụ obi ụtọ na obodo.  "Ghoema" drum bụ eriri a na-ahụ egwu niile nke carnival.[1]Ruo n'etiti afọ 1900, ndị na-akwado ya n'otu na-hazi nche.  Bọ ọdụ ma juru - "Cape Peninsula Coon Carnival Board", "Western Province Jubilee Carnival Board" (Jimmy WG Allen), "Cape Western Coon Carnaval Board" (nke Sonny Loyd duziri).  [2] Kaapse Klopse Karnaval Association na- anya anya ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ahụ nke bụ otu n'ime ọrụ ndị na-ebupụ site na Kaapse Karnival ("Cape Carnival") Association.  Taa, Cape Town Minstrels Carnival Association na-elekọta nhazi nke Minstrel Carnival.

 Ọganihu nke egwu 
Egwú ndị isi ihe mere eme nke minstrel na Tweede Nuwe Jaar nwere ike iche iche.  Na apụ afụ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na- banaan, e mgbasa ndị ohu na Cape of Good Hope site na Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India na East Africa (Madagascar), na-ahụ ite na-agbaze na mgba.  Ndị agha Britain nke oge ahụ nwere ike na ike nke ndị minstrel na nnukwu nchịkọta abụ sitere na Netherlands.[1]  A mara ndị ohu Cape na ndị obodo Khoisan ka ha na-abụ abụ n'ìgwè ndị ukwe dị ka nke ememe ahụ.  Ha na-elekwa ndị agha na-achị mba ahụ na-agagharị na Cape Town ka ha na-abụ abụ "Chineke Zọpụta Eze Nwanyị".  Enwere ike ike akara nke egwu Africa, Eshia na Europe na egwu minstrel.  Egwú ghoema na- akara nke India, Indonesia, Africa na Middle East.  Ya mere, "Ghoemaliedjies" (abụ Ghoema) na-echetara egwu si Africa, Eshia na Europe.  "Melodies" na "moppies" nwewe mini mini ma nwee ike siri ike site na egwu ndị Africa America (ma ike anya àmà ya na i akwalite ndị minstrels America na-eleta).  Ndị ihe nkiri nkiri ndị dị na District Sixkwara egwu jazz na ihe nkiri nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-agụ ịgụ a ma na-egosi.[2]Ọganihu nke Cape ohu "social fabric" ፊልም nke egwu na ịgba egwu.  nke ha nke e ji mee ka mmadụ na ibe ya dị n'otu ma mee emume akwụkwọ onwe ọ ella e nyere ha.

 "Ek so na Dina m" Ana m achọ Dina m
 "Kom na Klaradyn" Bịa agba KlaradynBịa na-agba egwu Klaradyn
 "Rosa"
 "Hier's ek weer" N'Ebe a ka m nọ ọzọ
 Pollie, ons gaan Perel mkpịsị ụkwụ Pollie, anyị na-aga Paarl
 "Vaarwel my oni soetlief" Farewell, my sweetỊsị aka gaa nke ọma, onye dị m ụtọ
 "Die ossewa" Ụgbọ ehiỤgbọ ịnyịnya ehi
 "Bobbejaan klim die berg" Baboon rịgooro ugwuBaboon rịgooro ugwu ahụ
 "Wat oom maak Kallie daar" Gịnị bụ nwanne nna Kallie na-eme n'ebe ahụGịnị ka nwanne nna Kallie na-eme n'ebe ahụ
 "Hou djou rokkies bọọkaar" Debe uwe gị ọnụ
 "Solank dị ka onye na-anwụ n'oge a" Ọ bụrụhaala na obere ahịhịa
 "Daar kom die Alibama" Alabama na-abịa

 Carnival taa 
N' ọhụrụ, ndị na-agụ ịgụ Cape Malay ma ọ bụ "nagtroepe" na-agafe Cape Town.  Mgbe nke ahụ, ndị minstrels na-agagharị n'obodo ahụ na Tweede Nuwe Jaar, Jenụwarị 2, ndị otu na ndị ukwe na-aga Green Point Stadium.  N'ụbọchị a, ahụ ahụ na-amalite n'ehihie nke 1 January ma gaa n'ihu na 2 Jenụwarụ na Satọdee abụọ na-esote.

 Grand March Past - Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngagharị agha
 Ihe ngosi March gara aga - Ngosipụta nke echiche efu na usoro ihe nkiri ziri ezi
 Uwe kacha mma - Uwe kacha mma
 Best Board - Ihe nnọchianya kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma
 Adult na Juvenile Drum Major - a na-ekpe ikpe na ogo nke ịgba egwú
 Bekee na Afrikaans Combined Chorus and Group Singing - abụ ndị otu ukwe na-abụ, n'akụkụ nkwekọrịta
 Bekee na Afrikaans moppies - abụ ndị na-atọ ọchị nke onye na-agụ egwú na ndị ukwe na-abụ
 Juvenile na Adult Sentimentals - abụ ịhụnanya nke onye na-agụ egwú na-agụ
 Best Band - mkpebi nke ndị egwu brass kacha mma na-eso ndị otu ha n'okporo ụzọ na asọmpi
 Coon Song - Egwú America ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ jazz nke onye na-agụ naanị ya bụ
 Ihe pụrụ iche - ụdị ọ bụla nke arụmọrụ, 20-30 nkeji, nke ndị otu ahụ họọrọ 

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ugbu a, ọtụtụ na-ajụ ma na-anọgide na-arapara n'ahụ maka ọdịnala.  Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka a kagbuo carnival nke afọ 2005 n'ihi enweghị ego a na-ebo ebubo, ebe a na-achụpụ carnival nke afọ 2006 n'ihi otu ihe ahụ.[1]  [Nnyocha dara ada] [2] Agbanyeghị, otu ndị otu ahụ mechara kpebie ịga n'ihu na mmemme ahụ n'agbanyeghị enweghị obi ụtọ na-aga n'ihu maka ego, onye isi ala Western Cape Ebrahim Rasool meghere mmemme ahụ na 2 Jenụwarị 2006..

 Mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'obodo 
Ememe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Tweede Nuwe Jaar bụ ihe ncheta nke ohu gara aga nke colonial Cape Town, mkpa egwu na ịgba egwu dị ka akụkụ nke ememe nnwere onwe.  Klopse ekerewo òkè dị ukwuu n'ịgbasa ihe ịma aka ọha mmadụ dị ka mpụ, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, na AIDS.  A na-ejikwa ya wuo àkwà mmiri n'etiti obodo mgbe oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị.  Ewezuga inye ntụrụndụ, Kaapse Klopse aghọwokwa ụzọ isi wuo nkà n'ime obodo.  Kaapse Klopse na egwu ukwe jikọtara ya na-enye ụmụaka ndị na-ekere òkè ohere ịmụta nkà nke ịme egwu na ịgba egwu ma kpughee ha na-eme egwu ugboro atọ n'izu maka nkwadebe maka ihe ngosi ha.  Ihe omume ndị a mepere ụzọ maka ndị egwu ama ama n'ụwa dịka Taliep Petersen na Jonathan Butler bụ ndị ha abụọ nwetara ihe nrite "Juvenile Sentimental Trophy" na asọmpi ndị gara aga.[1]  Nkà ndị a gbatịpụrụ karịa ịgụ abụ, ịgba egwu, ịkpọ ngwa egwu na ịkwa akwa kamakwa gụnyere nka metụtara njikwa mmemme dịka nhazi, njikwa ọrụ na ịchịkọta ndị mmadụ dị iche iche, ndị na-eto eto na ndị agadi.  Ekwupụtala ịbụ abụ na ịgba egwu a bụ isi iyi nke ego ma mee ka a na-anya isi n'ime obodo ebe enweghị ọrụ bụ nchegbu na nkụda mmụọ.  N'oge apartheid, ụmụaka si n'obodo ndị ọ na-enwebughị enwe ohere ịme nka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

 Hụkwa 

 Egwú ndị Afrịka
 Minstrel show The Minstrels dị ezigbo mma n'afọ ndị Akpa ókè agbụrụ, ndị mmadụ si n'akụkụ ụwa niile bịara ịhụ Kaapse Klopse. Otú ọ dị taa Kaapse Klopse na-elekwasị anya na gọọmentị ANC ma n'ihi nke a ha hapụrụ ihe mba na ụwa hụrụ n'anya n'azụ.
 Mummers Parade, ngagharị Afọ Ọhụrụ nke minstrel nwere mmetụta na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Akara nke abụọ, New Orleans, Louisiana

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