Brigade ụmụ nwanyị (Broken Hill)

Women's Brigade bụ ọgbakọ ngagharị iwe maka ụmụ nwanyị hibere n'oge mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ntigbu mere n'obodo ogbunigwe Broken Hill, NSW, Australia n'etiti 1889–1920.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 

 Ihe ndị bu ya ụzọ 
N'ihe dị ka 1874, ụmụ nwanyị Australia nọ na-eme ihe ozugbo na esemokwu ngwuputa ihe na Australia. N'ime ogbunigwe nke 1874 na ogbunigwe Wallaroo na Moonta dị na South Australia, ụmụ nwanyị batara n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-eji broom, mapụ ndị ikom ahụ ma mechie igwe ndị ahụ..SCENE AT THE WALLAROO STRIKE. (20 April 1874). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850-1875), p. 3. Retrieved 16 April 2011, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60986910THE WOMEN AT MOONTA. (28 April 1874). Launceston Examiner (Tas. : 1842-1899), p. 3. Retrieved 16 April 2011, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52892684

 Nzukọ Mbụ 
Nkwupụta maka nzukọ mbụ ahụ na-agụ: Kearns, R.H.B, 1982.Broken Hill, A Pictorial History, Broken Hill Historical Society, Broken Hill, NSW, p154.Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Broken Hill na-echegbu onwe ha ime ihe iji kwado ndị ikom nọ ugbu a na-eme ngagharị iwe na nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị ga-eme naanị na Masonic Hotel n'abalị a, na 7:30. Onye isi ala ga-abụ oche. Maazị T.C. Tait, onye nwe ụlọ nkwari akụ Masonic, ejirila obiọma nye ụlọ nzukọ ọhụrụ ya, nke e guzobere na saịtị ụlọ nkwari ahịa ahụ, maka iji ndị agha ụmụ nwanyị. A na-arịọ ndị isi nwanyị na ndị na-ejere ya ozi niile nwere ọmịiko n'òtù ahụ ka ha gaa.

 Ọnọdụ 
Dị ka Unbroken Spirit si kwuo, 'ọnọdụ ndụ na-adịghị mma na nleghara anya njikwa amụma na ogbunigwe na Broken Hill nri n'ime a siri ike n'otu ọnụnọ site nnọọ n'oge'.[6] Ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka hụrụ ndụ n'ime obodo ebe a na-egwupụta akụ, ma ha na ndị na-egwuputa ihe na-alụ ọgụ maka ebumnuche otu n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike nke igbu oge ogologo kpatara kpatara ọdịmma ezinụlọ.

Dabere na Carroll (1986), [7] na Blainey (1968)[8] enwere nchegbu pụrụiche n'obodo ahụ gbasara nsi ndu sitere na uzuzu m. N'ihi ogologo oge na-egbu oge n'ịzụlite usoro teknụzụ maka iwepụta uru site na mmanụ ndị dị ala nke a na-egwupụta na Broken Hill, [9] 40 ft elu ugwu ọdụ ọdụ na-egbu egbu ka e kere gbasara ogbunigwe ahụ wee hapụ ya n'enweghị nhazi ruo mgbe mmeghe nke Newcastle BHP Steelworks na 1915. Jay, Christopher. 1999, A Future More Prosperous: The History of Newcastle Steelworks 1912-1999, The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited, Newcastle, p34.Jay, Christopher. 1999, A Future More Prosperous: The History of Newcastle Steelworks 1912-1999, The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited, Newcastle, pp42-43. 

 Mgbalị 

 1889 
Mgbapụta ogbunigwe mbụ Broken Hill mere n'afọ 1889 n'ihi nke ndị otu ndị ọrụ na-eme ka ndị otu na-abụghị ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ. Ọgba aghara ahụ were otu izu ma n'oge a e hiwere otu brigade ụmụ nwanyị.Kearns, R.H.B, 1982. Broken Hill, A Pictorial History, Broken Hill Historical Society, Broken Hill, NSW.

Ka ọ na-erule oge mbata nke ndị isi BHP si Melbourne na 13 Nọvemba, ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị eguzobela dị ka 'sentinels'[12] iji jide ọrụ ọ bụla na-abụghị otu, gụnyere ndị isi ngbanwe bụ ndị 'tarred na ọcha' ndị a. ụbọchị mgbe ndị na-egwuputa ihe 2500 zutere iji kparịta esemokwu ahụ na ndị nduzi. Broken Hill Strike. (14 November 1889). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864-1933), p. 5. Retrieved 15 April 2011, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3503893

Otu obere ụmụ nwoke merụrụ ahụ site na Brigade ụmụ nwanyị na 14 Novemba. N'ihi nke a Richard Sleath n'aha otu ahụ kewapụrụ onwe ya n'omume ha mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka mkpebi nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere ihe oriri nke otu izu nakwa na ha bu n'obi ịnọ na picket maka izu ahụ. A rịọrọ ka ndị na-egwuputa ihe na-eme ka ha jiri mmetụta ha na ụmụ nwanyị mee ka omume ha dị jụụ.THE BROKEN HILL STRIKE. (14 November 1889). South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA : 1839-1900), p. 5. Retrieved 16 April 2011, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47285099Brigade ahụ nwere ndị otu 400 ugbu a, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sonyere n'ihe omume a ma ama na Moonta na Wallaroo mines afọ 15 gara aga. Narị ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nọrọ n'abalị n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ala ma a kpọchiri abụọ n'ime ha maka ịbanye n'ime ụlọ.

 1892 
Women's Brigade na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'iji usoro mmegide megide ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta si mba ọzọ n'oge 1892 Broken Hill na-eme ngagharị iwe.  Unions and Politics, Unbroken Spirit, Australian Women's Archives Project, 2009, http://www.womenaustralia.info/exhib/bh/unionspol.htmlSolomon, R.J. 1988. The Richest Lode:Broken Hill 1883-1988, Hale & Iremonger Pty Limited, Sydney, p241. Dị ka Bloodworth (1996) si kwuo, e nwere nzukọ ọha na eze kwa ụbọchị ma guzobe Kọmitii Mgbaghara nke Barrier United Females n'ime izu ndị mbụ. Brigade nke 500 siri ike mere mkpebi isonye na ngagharị iwe nke 24 Ọgọstụ mana e mechara hapụ nke a maka nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị na 25th.Bloodworth, S. (1996) The Rebel Women of Broken Hill in Militant Spirits, La Trobe University, Melbourne. retrieved at http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/interventions/rebelwomen/militant.htm

Onye a ma ama na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke Broken Hill n'ihu ọha, na-azọrọ na 'ụmụ nwanyị nke Brolen Hill bụ nnukwu ìgwè mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ nke welitere olu ha na mkpesa dị n'otu megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke iwu dị ugbu a agaghị ekwe ka ha nwee olu n'ịhazi iwu...' nakwa na nke a mere ka ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'afọ 1892 Broken Hill 'dị omimi' karịa nke ọ bụla.Bloodworth, S. (1996) The Rebel Women of Broken Hill in Militant Spirits, La Trobe University, Melbourne. retrieved at http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/interventions/rebelwomen/militant.htm

 1919-1920 
Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ n'uhuruchi ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala nwetara ụfọdụ n'ime azụ ha, n'ihi na ebe ọ bụla a hụrụ 'onye uwe ojii' n'oge njem ahụ, ọ natara 'onye aka azụ' site n'aka nwanyị na-agafe ma ọ bụ a tụgburu ya. Nke a mere ọ bụghị otu ugboro, kama ọtụtụ narị ugboro n'oge njem ahụ a na-agaghị echefu echefu n'okporo ámá obodo ahụ. Ma, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ahụ, gosi m onye ọrụ ahụ na-emeghị, ma ọ bụ na-emebeghị, na-akụ aka n'omume ndị dị otú ahụ, m ga-egosikwa gị ihe e kere eke nke na-adị ndụ ma ọ bụghị ịnyagharị ma na-emebi, ma mara obere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke klas ya, ma ọ bụghị omume ọjọọ nke ndị iro ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.Dale, G in Kearns, R.H.B, 1982. Broken Hill, A Pictorial History, Broken Hill Historical Society, Broken Hill, NSW, p160.

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