Ernestina nke Champourcín

Ernestina de Champourcín Morán de Loredo (10 Julaị 1905 na Vitoria-Gasteiz - 27 Maachị 1999 na Madrid ) bụ onye na-ede uri Spain. Ya na ọgbọ nke '27 kacha emekọrịtara ya. [1]

 Ndụ mbido 
Ernestina Michels de Champourcín Morán de Loredo, amụrụ n'ime ezinụlọ Katọlik na ndị omenala,   nke nyere ya ọzụzụ nke ọma (a kụziiri ya ọtụtụ asụsụ dị iche iche) dịka akụkụ nke ọnọdụ ezinaụlọ na omenala.  

Nna ya bụ onye ọka iwu nke echiche ndị eze, na n'agbanyeghị ọchịchọ nnwere onwe-conservative, Antonio Michels de Champourcín nwere aha baron nke Champourcín, aha nke na-arụtụ aka na ezinụlọ nna ya si na Provence. Nne Ernestina, Ernestina Morán de Loredo Castellanos, mụrụ na Montevideo, ebe ọ bụ naanị nwa nwanyị nke onye agha, sitere na agbụrụ Asturian, bụ onye ya na ya na-agakarị Europe. 

N'ihe dị ka afọ 10, Champourcín kwagara, ya na ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ, na Madrid, bụ ebe e debanyere ya na College of Sacred Heart, nwetara akwụkwọ nkuzi nkeonwe, ma nyochaa ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'efu. na Instituto Cardenal Cisneros. Akwụsịla ọchịchọ ya ịgụ akwụkwọ na mahadum n'ihi mmegide nna ya, n'agbanyeghị nkwado nne ya. Nne ya dị njikere iso ya gaa klaasị, iji kwado ụkpụrụ dị adị maka ụmụ nwanyị na-erubeghị afọ.  

N'otu afọ ahụ, Champourcín bipụtara ọrụ ya En silencio na Madrid ma zigara Juan Ramón otu, na-echere ikpe onye na-ede uri na nkatọ nke ọrụ mbụ ya. N'agbanyeghị na ọ nataghị azịza, ọ hụrụ Jiménez na nwunye ya - Zenobia Camprubí - n'Ugbo nke San Ildefonso. Site na ohere a nwere ọbụbụenyi bilitere n'etiti ha abụọ nke mere ka ọ were ya na ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ya, dị ka ọ dị, obere oge ka e mesịrị, ya na ndị ọgbọ ha ndị ọzọ.  Site n'amata ya na ya, ọ kpọtụkwara ụfọdụ ndị otu ọgbọ nke '27 : Rafael Alberti, Federico García Lorca, Luis Cernuda, Jorge Guillén, Pedro Salinas na Vicente Aleixandre . Na mgbakwunye, ekele maka onye ndụmọdụ ya, ọ batara na uri English oge ochie na nke oge a ( Keats, Shelley, Blake, Yeats ). 

Na 1927, Champourcín malitere otu ogbo nke o bipụtara ọrụ nkatọ edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ (karịsịa na Heraldo de Madrid na La Época (Madrid) . N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a e bipụtara tupu Agha Obodo Spanish ọ na-ekwu banyere okwu ndị dị ka ọdịdị nke abụ uri dị ọcha na ihe ịchọ mma nke "abụ uri ọhụrụ" nke ndị na-eto eto nke ọgbọ '27 na-arụ ọrụ. Ya onwe ya nwere mmetụta nke itinye aka na otu a, ebe ọ na-ekerịta otu echiche nke uri.   O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya na Madrid - En silencio (1926), Ahora (1928), La voz en el viento (1931), Cántico inútil (1936) - nke mere ka amara ya nke ọma na ụwa agụmagụ nke isi obodo. Enwere ike ịchọpụta mgbanwe n'ọrụ ya site na mmalite ọgbara ọhụrụ na ndò Juan Ramón Jiménez gaa na uri nkeonwe nke akara isiokwu nke ịhụnanya jikọtara na oke agụụ. Ikekwe ọ bụ ya mere Gerardo Diego ji họrọ ya maka Anthology of Contemporary Spanish Poetry, site na 1934.  

Na 1930, mgbe ọ na-eme ihe omume na Lyceum Club Femeino, tinyere ndị ọzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi nke abụọ Spanish Republic, ọ zutere Juan José Domenchina, onye na-ede uri na onye odeakwụkwọ nke Manuel Azaña, onye ọ lụrụ na 6 November 1936. 

 Agha Obodo na nchụpụ 
N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu agha obodo ahụ amalite, Champourcín bipụtara ihe ga-abụ nanị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya: La casa de enfrente  (mgbe nke a gasịrị, o dere nanị ihe odide maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-emechabeghị Mientras allí se muere, bụ nke ọ na-akọ ahụmahụ ya n'ọrụ ya dị ka. onye nọọsụ n'oge agha obodo). Ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere mgbe agha obodo malitechara, kpuchiri akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ a na-anọchi anya ihe dị mkpa dị ịrịba ama na akwụkwọ ndị inyom dere, dị ka onye edemede na-eji onye na-agụ akụkọ-protagonist na-enye nyocha dị mma banyere nzụlite, agụmakwụkwọ na mmekọrịta nke ụmụ agbọghọ bourgeois na iri afọ mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọrụ a na-enye anyị ohere ịtụle Ernestina de Champourcín dị ka onye edemede nwanyị na-emeru ihe n'ókè. 

N'oge Agha Obodo Spanish, Juan Ramón na nwunye ya, Zenobia Camprubí, na-eche banyere ụmụ mgbei ma ọ bụ ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, tọrọ ntọala otu kọmitii a na-akpọ "Junta de Protección de Menores". Ernestina de Champourcín sonyeere dị ka nọọsụ, ma n'ihi nsogbu ụfọdụ ndị agha ọ ga-ahapụ ma banye n'ụlọ ọgwụ Lola Azaña na-elekọta dịka onye enyemaka nọọsụ. 

Otu n'ime ihe si na ọrụ di ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Azaña bụ na di na nwunye ahụ enweghị nhọrọ ma ọ bụghị ịhapụ Madrid, na-abanye na njem nke mere ka ha gaa Valencia, Barcelona na France, bụ ebe ha nọ na Toulouse na Paris, ruo mgbe, n'ikpeazụ. 1939, a kpọrọ ha Mexico site n'aka onye nnọchiteanya na onye edemede Alfonso Reyes, onye bụ onye nchoputa na onye nduzi nke Casa de España na Mexico . Obodo a wee bụrụ ebe a chụpụrụ ya n'ezie.  

Ọ bụ ezie na na mbụ Champourcín dere ọtụtụ amaokwu maka magazin ndị dị ka Romance na Rueca, ọrụ okike ya belatara n'ihi mkpa akụ na ụba ya. N'oge a ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị maka ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Mexico Fondo de Cultura Económica na onye ntụgharị maka "Association of Technical Staff of International Conferences". 

Agbanyeghị, ọnụnọ ya na Mexico mechara bụrụ otu n'ime usoro izizi ya kacha amị mkpụrụ, o wee bipụta Presencia a oscuras (1952), Cárcel de los sentidos (1960) na El nombre que me diste (1960) n'oge a. 

Onye ndụmọdụ ya, Juan Ramón Jiménez, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Spain dị na United States, na ndị ọzọ so n'ìgwè nke 27 gbagara America, dị ka ihe mere Emilio Prados na Luis Cernuda.  N’oge mgbanwe ahụ niile, ndụ ha adịghịrị ha mfe. Di na nwunye ahụ enweghị ụmụ, ha na-edikwa ikewapụ ha na mgbọrọgwụ ha n'ụzọ dị nnọọ iche. Di Ernestina, Juan José Domenchina, emeghị ka ndụ ọhụrụ ya dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma nwụọ n'oge na-adịghị anya na 1959;  ya, n'aka nke ya, bịara nwee mmetụta siri ike nke ịdị n'otu na "ala nna" ọhụrụ a.  N'oge a, ọrụ ya weere ihe omimi a na-achọpụtabeghị, na 1952 ọ rịọrọ ka ọ sonyere Opus Dei .   N'oge a, o dere Hai-kais espirituales (1967), Cartas cerradas (1968) na Poemas del ser y del estar (1972).

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
Champourcin nwụrụ na Madrid na 27 Maachị 1999.  A na-echekwa ebe nchekwa nke onwe ya na Archivo General nke Mahadum Navarra ma nwee ohere mepere emepe.

Dị ka Emilio Lamo de Espinosa, prọfesọ nke sociology na Universidad Complutense de Madrid na nwa nwanne Champourcín si kwuo, otu n'ime ihe kpatara ịgbachi nkịtị banyere ọrụ onye edemede Spanish a bụ ihe omimi ya. Maka onye edemede a, mmekọrịta chiri anya nke ọrụ ya na ibuwanye ibu nke uri okpukpe pụtara na a naghị echebara ya echiche ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya na ntinye aka ya n'ihe gbasara Republic ma ọ bụ maka ọrụ ya na-akwado nkwado nke ikike nke a ga-emeso ụmụ nwanyị dịka ndị enyi ha nwoke. 

Enwere ike ịsị na de Champourcín tara ahụhụ ọjọọ nke a na-akpọ " ụzọ nke atọ ", ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị n'ụzọ doro anya na aka nri ma ọ bụ aka ekpe, dị ka ọ dịkwa n'ọnọdụ dị nnọọ iche, na Ortega y Gasset, bụ onye a jụrụ ajụ. site n'aka ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-ekweghị na Chineke na ndị ọzọ dị ka onye elitist, na n'out oge ebubo na ha nọ n'aka nri na ịnọ n'aka ekpe. 

Emilio Lamo d'Espinosa na-atụlekwa na ọnọdụ Champourcín nwekwara ike ịpụta na ọ bụ àgwà nke ya, nnwere onwe ya, na ọchịchọ ya agaghị egosipụta, ekewa, ma ọ bụ megharịa ya. 

Ọ bụ ezie na anyị nwere ike ịtụle Champourcín dị ka nanị nwanyị nke nọ n'ọnọdụ nhata n'ezie na ndị ọzọ na-ede uri taa a na-akpọ ọgbọ nke '27,  ya na Spain na-eji nwayọọ na-abịa. Ndị na-ahụ ya n'anya kwesịrị ichere ruo 1989, mgbe e nyere ya Euskadi Prize for Literature in Castilian in the Poetry modality e nyere ya (1989), nke sochiri ya na ihe nrite Nwanyị Na-aga n'ihu, nhọpụta ya na Onye Ọchịchị Asturias Prize for Letters. na 1992 na Nrite maka Artistic Merit nke Madrid City Council na 1997.  

 Nkeji na uri ya 

 Nzọụkwụ mbụ: uri nke ịhụnanya mmadụ 
E kewara ọrụ Ernestina ụzọ atọ, nke abụọ n’ime ha doro nnọọ anya. [12]  Oge mbụ, nke uri nke ịhụnanya mmadụ, gụnyere akwụkwọ anọ e bipụtara tupu agha obodo: site na En silencio (1926) ruo Cántico inútil (1936). N'ime ọrụ ndị a, onye edemede ahụ sitere na mmalite nke a pụrụ ịkọwa dị ka ihe gbasara oge-ihụnanya na modernism na "abụ uri dị ọcha" dị nso na nke Juan Ramón Jiménez . 

 Nkeji nke abụọ: uri nke ịhụnanya Chineke 
Ekewapụrụ ọkwa a na ọkwa gara aga site n'oge e ji ọdịiche dị n'ihe odide ya na mmalite nke ije biri na Mexico, sitere na mkpa ọ dị ịrụ ọrụ iji nweta ihe e ji ebi ndụ. Mgbe oge a nke ịgbachi nkịtị agụmagụ bịara ogbo nke uri nke Chineke ịhụnanya (1936–1974). Nke a na-amalite na Presencia a oscuras (1952), ọrụ nke na-anọchi anya ihe ọhụrụ a na-elekwasị anya na uri ya. Isiokwu ahụ si n'ịhụnanya mmadụ gaa n'ịhụnanya Chineke. N'ime oge a, onye protagonist nke El nombre que me diste ... (1960), Cárcel (1964), Hai-kais espirituales (1967), Cartas cerradas (1968) na Poemas del ser y del estar (1972), na-ekwupụta nchegbu okpukpe miri emi. 

 Agba nke atọ: uri nke ebe nchekwa ịhụnanya 
Ogbo nke uri nke ncheta ịhụnanya (1974-1991) na-amalite na nlọghachi ya site n'ala ọzọ, n'oge ahụ nchegbu ọhụrụ bilitere maka onye edemede: ya bụ inwe ike ime mgbanwe maka ọnọdụ ọhụrụ ya, na ijikọta ya na ebe abụọ. mara na nke a na-apụghị ịmata. Akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya, dị ka Huyeron todas las islas (1988), bụ ebe nchekwa na akwụkwọ akụkọ uri nke nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na nke gafere. 

 Na-arụ ọrụ 

 En silencio . Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1926.
 Ahora . Madrid, Imprenta Brass, 1928.
 La voz en el viento . Madrid, Compañía Ibero-Americana de Publicaciones, 1931.
 Cántico inútil . Madrid, Aguilar, 1936.
 Presencia na oscuras . Madrid, Rialp, 1952.
 Ekele dịrị m. . . México, Finisterre, 1960.
 Cárcel de los sentidos . México, Finisterre, 1964.
 Hai-kais epirituales . México, Finisterre, 1967.
 Cartas ceradas . México, Finisterre, 1968.
 Abụ del ser y del estar . Madrid, Alfaguara, 1972.
 Prer exilio . Madrid, Rialp, 1978.
 Poemillas navideños . Mexico, 1983.
 La pared transparente . Madrid, Los Libros de Fausto, 1984.
 Huyeron todas las islas . Madrid, Caballo Griego para la Poesía, 1988.
 Antología poética, (okwu mmalite nke Luz María Jiménez Faro). Madrid, Torremozas, 1988.
 Ernestina de Champourcín . Málaga, Centro Cultural de la Generación del 27, 1991.
 Los encuentros frustrados . Málaga, El Manatí Dorado, 1991.
 Poesía a través del tiempo . Barcelona, Anthropos, 1991.
 Del vacío y sus dones . Madrid, Torremozas, 1993.
 Presencia del pasado (1994-1995) . Málaga, Poesía circulante, núm. 7, 1996.
 Cántico inútil, Cartas cerradas, Primer exilio, Huyeron todas las islas . Málaga, Centro Cultural de la Generación del 27, 1997.
 Epistolario (1927–1995) (2007). Correspondencia na Carmen Conde . Edición a cargo de Rosa Fernández Urtasun.  .
 Poesía esencial (2008). Ụlọ ọrụ Banco Santander. Colección Obra isi. ISBN 978-84-89913-90-5 .
 Al fin de la tarde

 Ntụaka 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations