Evelyn Torton Beck

A kọwawo Evelyn Torton Beck (amuru Jenụwarị 18, 1933) dị ka "ọkà mmụta, onye nkuzi, onye na-ahụ maka nwanyị, na onye Juu na-ekwu okwu n'ekwughị okwu". Ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2002 ọ pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọmụmụ ihe ụmụ nwanyị Juu   na ọmụmụ nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na Mahadum Maryland, College Park . 

Beck ebipụtala ọtụtụ edemede na akwụkwọ gbasara okpukpe ndị Juu. Ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama na 1982 site n'akwụkwọ ya, Nice Jewish Girls: A Lesbian Anthology, nchịkọta uri, edemede, ncheta na akụkọ dị mkpirikpi,  kwenyere na ọ bụ nchịkọta ọrụ mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị Juu nwere mmasị na United States bipụtara na United States. Steeti .

 Akụkọ ndụ 

 Provenance na mmalite afọ 
A mụrụ Evelyn Torton n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu na Vienna, Austria. Max Torton, nna ya, sitere na Buchach, obere obodo nke a ga-ewere n'oge ahụ dị ka Polish . (Kemgbe 1944 ọ nọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ukraine .) Nne ya, onye a mụrụ Irma Lichtmann, si Vienna . Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'Austria bịara na-agbasawanye n'ime 1930s, na n'oge ọmụmụ Evelyn obodo ahụ ghọrọ ọchịchị aka ike nke otu pati . Gọọmenti Austria bịara na-abawanye n'okpuru mmetụta German . Mgbe Austria jikọtara ya na Germany gbasaara na March 1938 antisemitism ghọrọ akụkụ bụ isi nke amụma gọọmentị: na 1938, e jidere Max Torton ma kpọga ya n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Dachau . Ndị ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịhapụ ụlọ Vienna ma banye n'ime ghetto . N'ebe a, ha na ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ bi n'otu ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ mmadụ. Ka ọ na-erule 1939 Max Torton ebugharịla n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Buchenwald, wee hapụ ya n'ọnọdụ ndị na-edoghị anya. N'afọ ahụ Evelyn dị afọ isii, ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, Edgar, gbagara Italy ebe ezinụlọ ahụ biri ọnwa ole na ole na Milan . Ọ bụ naanị na enwere ike ịnweta visa anọ, ha ga-ahapụkwa nne nne Evelyn, onye ya na ezinụlọ ya na-ebikarị, n'azụ Vienna . Ndị ọchịchị Nazi ga-emecha chụpụ ya ma gbuo ya.  Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ya na ndị mụrụ ya rutere New York na June 1940 ọ dị afọ asaa. Nna ya gwara ya na ụgbọ mmiri ha bụ ụgbọ mmiri ikpeazụ e kwere ka ọ pụọ Italy gaa United States.  Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta bụ Edgar nọgidere na Europe, ma ọ ga-alanarị Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ wee kwaga New York mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị. 

 Afọ ụmụ akwụkwọ 
Evelyn Torton Beck gụrụ akwụkwọ ntụnyere wee nata BA (nke mbụ) na kọleji Brooklyn na 1954, nke bụkwa afọ nke alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya. N'afọ sochirinụ ọ natara MA ya na Yale . Doctorate ya na Mahadum Wisconsin – Madison ga-eso na 1969.  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ doctoral ya metụtara Franz Kafka na mmetụta nke ihe nkiri Yiddish na ọrụ ya. 

 Edemede 

 "Kahlo's World Split Open", na: Ọmụmụ nwanyị, Nr. 32, 1/2006, p. 54–83
 "Ọtụtụ Ihu Iv: Ụmụ nwanyị, Yiddish, na Isaac Bashevis Onye na-abụ abụ", na: Studies in American Jewish Literature No. 1/1981, p. 112–123
 "LB. Misogyny nke onye ọbụ abụ", na: Lilith. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị Juu, Frühling 1980

 Ntụaka 
mmadụ. Ka ọ na-erule 1939 Max Torton ebugharịla n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Buchenwald, wee hapụ ya n'ọnọdụ ndị na-edoghị anya. N'afọ ahụ Evelyn dị afọ isii, ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, Edgar,
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ