Marilyn J.Bixer

Marilyn J. Boxer (amụrụ 1930) bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na ngalaba ahụ.  Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke mmemme mmụta ụmụ nwanyị na Mahadum San Diego State, mmemme mbụ ụdị ya na US, [1] na emesịa n'ọrụ nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa dị iche iche ebe ahụ yana na Mahadum steeti San Francisco.

A mụrụ ya na Kansas City, Missouri, ma gaa Wellesley College na agụmakwụkwọ mana ọ kwụsịrị tupu ọ gụchaa. N'afọ ndị 1950 na '60 ọ biri ndụ ezinụlọ, lụọ di ugboro abụọ ma zụlite ụmụ atọ.  N'oge a, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmetụta The Second Sex nke Simone de Beauvoir na The Feminine Mystique nke Betty Friedan, wee kpebie imecha akara ugo mmụta ya.  Ọ banyere ọzọ na Mahadum Redlands wee nweta nzere bachelọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme na 1965.[1]  Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ọ chere na mkpa ọgụgụ isi ya enweghị afọ ojuju, [2] na na 1970, n'agbanyeghị enweghị nchekwa ego n'ihi ịgba alụkwaghịm na nso nso a, banyere mmemme doctoral na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum California, Riverside.[3]  Ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na feminism na akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị, nke akụkọ mkpuchi Time nke 1970 metụtara Kate Millett na nzukọ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụmụ nwanyị Mba, ma kpebie na isiokwu akwụkwọ edemede ya na-emetụta mmasị ndị a.[2]  Ọ nwetara Ph.D ya na 1975.. 

Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kụziri "Women in History" na San Bernardino Valley College, nke o mechara kọwaa dị ka "ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị" mbụ ya. E were ya n'ọrụ na Mahadum San Diego State na 1974 ma họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke mmemme ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị,  nke e guzobere na 1970. O mechara kọwaa mmemme ahụ e guzobere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka nke esemokwu dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí na-enye nsogbu, nke ọdịnihu na-ejighị n'aka. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, mmemme ahụ gbasaa ndebanye aha pasent 40, were ndị ọzọ n'ọrụ, ma nabata aha "Department of Women's Studies".

N'afọ 1980, ọ banyere n'ọrụ nchịkwa na San Diego State, na-eje ozi dị ka osote dean nke College of Arts and Letters site na 1984 ruo 1985, na dean site na 1985 ruo 1989. Ọ kwagara na Mahadum San Francisco State na 1989, na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche maka ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ site na 1989 ruo 1996 na prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ruo 2003, mgbe ọ ghọrọ emeritus. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na ọkà mmụta na Institute for Research on Women and Gender na Mahadum Stanford, nke nwetara akwụkwọ ya na 2014.  Ọ natara 2004 Helen Hawkins Feminist Activist Award for Betterment of Women's Lives . 

 Akwụkwọ 
Boxer bụ onye dere mgbe ụmụ nwanyị na-ajụ ajụjụ: Ịmepụta ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na America (1998), akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị.[1]  Ndị nyocha na-akpọ ya "nnukwu onyinye"[2] na "bara uru dị ukwuu dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ iri abụọ na ise mbụ nke ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị."

Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke:

 Onye odeakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Socialist: Clara Zetkin na National and International Contexts (London: Socialist History Society, 2012), ed. Mụ na John S. Partington
 Njikọ Spheres: European Women in a Globalizing World, 1500 to the Present, mbipụta nke abụọ, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), de. Mụ na Jean H. Quataert
 Socialist Women: European Socialist Feminism in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (New York: Elsevier, 1978), ed. Mụ na Jean H. Quataert

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 Faculty page at San Francisco State University

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