Agnes Macphail

Agnes Campbell Macphail (March 24, 1890 - Febụwarị 13, 1954) [1] bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Canada na nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na Houselọ Commons nke Canada. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu (MP) site na 1921 ruo 1940; site na 1943 ruo 1945 na ọzọ site na 1948 ruo 1951, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye otu ọgbakọ omebe iwu nke Ontario, na-anọchite anya ụgbọ mmiri Toronto nke York East. Na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge ndụ ya niile na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga n'ihu, Macphail rụrụ ọrụ maka ọtụtụ nnọkọ, nke kachasị nke Progressive Party na Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. Ọ kwalitere echiche ya site na ide kọlụm, nhazi onye na-eme ihe, na iwu.

 Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga 
Agnes Macphail mụrụ Dougald McPhail na Henrietta Campbell na Proton Township, Grey County, Ontario. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-asụpe aha nna ya "McPhail" mgbe a mụrụ ya, ọ chọpụtara na njem ya na Scotland na-esote na a na-ede aha nna nna ya dị ka "Macphail" ma gbanwee aha ya iji gosipụta nke a. A zụlitere ya na Ụka ​​Metọdist, mana ọ tụgharịrị gaa na chọọchị Reorganized Latter Day Saint mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Nke a bụ chọọchị nwanne nna ya bụ́ onye ozi ala ọzọ.[1] N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere United Church of Canada, bụ́ nke mebiworo chọọchị Metọdist n'oge ntorobịa ya.

Macphail gara Owen Sound Collegiate na Vocational Institute maka otu afọ. N'agbanyeghị na ọ mere nke ọma, ọ gara Stratford Normal School ka o nwee ike ịgụcha akwụkwọ ya mgbe ya na onye ikwu ya na-abanye. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1910 na asambodo onye nkuzi klas nke abụọ. O tinyere akwụkwọ maka ọkwa ise wee nabata ya na ise niile. O mechara kwuo na nke a abụghị n'ihi ikike ya kama ọ bụ n'ihi ụkọ ndị nkuzi n'oge ahụ.[1] Ọ kụziri n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ime obodo Ontario n'obodo ndị dị ka Port Elgin, Honeywood, na Newmarket "Mkpọrọgwụ na alaka nke Saugeen", akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo, na-ekwu na Agnes MacPhail bụ onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ Gowanlock, na "ga-ebuli onwe ya elu ruo n'ókè. counter top" na Burgoyne Store na-arụrịta ụka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na "ụmụ nwoke" ruo ọtụtụ awa

Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Sharon, Macphail ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, sonye na United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) na nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị ya, United Farm Women of Ontario. Ọ ghọkwara onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka Farmer's Sun n'oge a.

Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ama ama n'oge ahụ, Macphail bụ onye na-akwado eugenics.

 ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gọọmentị etiti 
Mgbe gọọmentị etiti Conservative mezigharịrị Iwu Nhọrọ na 1919, a họpụtara Macphail ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Progressive Party nke Canada maka Mpaghara ntuli aka nke Grey Southeast na ntuli aka gọọmentị nke 1921. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ bụ onye omeiwu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Canada. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke 1925, 1926, na 1930.

Macphail jụrụ Royal Military College of Canada na 1924 n'ihi na ọ na-akụzi mpako ma na-enye ụmụ ndị ọgaranya agụmakwụkwọ dị ọnụ ala; na 1931 ọ jụrụ nkwado gọọmentị maka kọleji ahụ ka ọ na-emegide ya n'ihi ihe ndị na-eme udo.R. Preston 'Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College' (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969)

Dị ka onye otu Progressive Party, Macphail sonyeere Ginger Group, otu akụkụ nke Progressive party nke mechara guzobe Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ nke Ontario CCF na 1932. Stewart & Shackelton (1959), pp. 171–172 Otú ọ dị, ọ hapụrụ CCF na 1934 mgbe United Farmers of Ontario wepụrụ egwu nke mmetụta Kọmunist na Ontario CCF.Stewart & Shackelton (1959), p. 178 Ọ bụ ezie na Macphail abụghịzi onye otu CCF, ọ nọgidere na-anọ nso na ndị CCF MP ma na-esokarị nzukọ caucus. CCF emeghị ndị na-azọ ọkwa megide Macphail na mkpọsa gọọmentị etiti atọ sochirinụ.

Na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 1935, a họpụtara Macphail ọzọ, n'oge a dị ka onye United Farmers of Ontario-Labour MP maka Grey - Bruce riding e guzobere ọhụrụ. A hapụrụ ya iji aha pati ahụ mee ihe, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1934. Ọ bụ olu siri ike maka nsogbu ime obodo mgbe niile. Macphail bụkwa onye nkwado siri ike maka mgbanwe ntaramahụhụ na mgbalị ya nyere aka ịmalite nyocha nke Archambault Commission na 1936. Akụkọ ikpeazụ ahụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mgbanwe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Canada mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị.</ref> Nchegbu Macphail nwere maka ụmụ nwanyị nọ na usoro ikpe mpụ mere ka ọ, na 1939, guzobe Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada, nke akpọrọ aha onye Britain na-eme mgbanwe Elizabeth Fry.

Ihe kpatara ya gụnyere ụgwọ ezumike nká maka ndị agadi na ikike ndị ọrụ. Macphail bụkwa nwanyị Canada mbụ nọ na Njikọ Mba na Switzerland" id="mwVQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Geneva, Switzerland">Geneva, Switzerland, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kọmitii Nkwụsị Agha Ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye na-eme udo, ọ họọrọ Canada ịbanye n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1940, e meriri ya. Site na ọnwụ nke United Reform MP maka Saskatoon City, Walter George Brown, ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, United Reform Movement kpọrọ Macphail ka ọ gbaa ọsọ na ntuli aka iji mejupụta oche ahụ. N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, onye na-azọ ọkwa onye Progressive Conservative bụ Alfred Henry Bence meriri ya. O nwetara vootu 4,798, ebe Macphail nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na vootu 4,057. Ọ bụ mkpọsa gọọmentị etiti ikpeazụ ya dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa.

 Onye nta akụkọ 
Macphail bụ onye na-enye onyinye ugboro ugboro na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Grey County dị ka Flesherton Advance na Markdale Standard, na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ma ọ bụ onye nnọchianya na mba ndị ọzọ. O dere ozi sitere na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu banyere akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-amasị ndị obodo ime obodo n'ụlọ, ma nye aka na kọlụm mgbe ọ na-eme njem ma na-agwa ụmụ amaala nọ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ okwu. O dekwara ọtụtụ ihe maka The Farmer's Sun, akwụkwọ Ontario na-aga n'ihu kwa izu, gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe ncheta banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime obodo Ontario.

N'èzí ọfịs, o dere kọlụm ọrụ ugbo maka akwụkwọ akụkọ The Globe and Mail na Toronto ma nye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Newmarket Era.

Mgbe ọdachi ezinụlọ mere n'obodo ya gasịrị, Macphail kwagara n'ógbè Toronto nke East York, Ontario wee laghachi na Ontario CCF na 1942 wee bụrụ onye nhazi ugbo ya.

 ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara 
Na ntuli aka mpaghara 1943, a họpụtara Macphail ka ọ bụrụ ọgbakọ omebe iwu nke Ontario dị ka onye otu Ontario CCF na-anọchite anya ịnya ụgbọ ala Toronto nke York East.[1] Ya na Rae Luckock bụ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na ndị omebe iwu Ontario. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ e ṅụrụ iyi dị ka onye otu nzuko omeiwu Provincial Ontario (MPP). Ọ bụ ezie na e meriri ya na ntuli aka mpaghara 1945, a họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka 1948. Macphail bụ onye na-ahụ maka iwu ịkwụ ụgwọ nha nhata mbụ nke Ontario, gafere na 1951, mana enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na mbọ ya mgbe e meriri ya na ntuli aka mechara n'afọ ahụ. N'oge ahụ, Macphail enweghị ike ịkwado onwe ya site na nta akụkọ, ikwu okwu ọha na nhazi maka Ontario CCF.

Macphail chọsiri ike ịhụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ kọwara, sị: "Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị abụghị nwanyị. Ọ bụghị m nwanyị. Abụ m mmadụ"."First Woman MP, Miss Macphail Dies". Kitchener-Waterloo Record (Microfilm). Canadian Press. February 15, 1954. p. 5.

Macphail alụghị di. Ọ nwụrụ na February 13, 1954, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63, na Toronto, obere oge tupu e nye ya oge ịhọpụta na Senate nke Canada.[1] E liri ya na Priceville, Ontario, ya na nne na nna ya na Gertha Macphail, otu n'ime ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ.

 Ihe ndekọ ntuli aka 

 Federal: Saskatoon CityObodo Saskatoon 

 Ihe Nketa 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|A gụrụ Macphail Memorial Elementary School na Flesherton, Ontario aha Agnes Macphail
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme na-asọpụrụ Macphail n'èzí Owen Sound Collegiate & Vocational Institute (OSCVI) 

 N'afọ 1968, mgbe Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Grey Highlands nọchiri Flesherton High School, a gbanwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị ochie ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ma kpọọ ya Macphail Memorial Elementary School. E ji ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ nke otu aha dochie ụlọ a n'afọ 2006.
 N'afọ 1981, a gụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị na Scarborough, Ontario aha ya.
 N'afọ 1993, n'ịsọpụrụ ncheta afọ iri ise nke nhọpụta Macphail na ndị omeiwu Ontario, Michael Prue, onye isi obodo East York, kwupụtara na a ga-akpọ March 24 kwa afọ dị ka Agnes Macphail Day.
 N'afọ 1994, kansụl East York guzobere Onyinye Agnes Macphail. A na-enye onyinye ahụ kwa afọ nye "onye bi n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ York nke nyere onyinye dị ịrịba ama n'ógbè nke ikike ịha nhata na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze na onye gosipụtara ma gaa n'ihu na omenala Macphail nke idu ndú".
 N'afọ 1997, East York meghere asọmpi Agnes Macphail kwa afọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ọtụtụ saịtị na mgbalị aha ya na East York, gụnyere Agnes Macphail Parkette, nke dị na nkuku Mortimer Street na Pape Avenue; Agnes Macphaal Playground, Agnes MacPhail Youth Resource Centre na Agnes MacPhai Food Bank (nke niile dị na 444 Lumsden Avenue).
 N'afọ 1999, Brownstone Homes wuru ụlọ ọhụrụ ma gụọ okporo ámá aha ya, Macphail Ave, kwa na Pape & Mortimer.EastYorkRealtor.com
 N'afọ 2005, na asọmpi nke onye bụbu Ontario MPP Marilyn Churley, a họpụtara Agnes Macphail dị ka nwanyị kachasị ukwuu n'Ontario.
 Na June 24, 2006, a kpughere ihe ncheta na ọla nchara na-echeta ndụ Agnes Macphail na Hopeville, Ontario. N'otu afọ ahụ, e debere akara okporo ụzọ awara awara nke a na-akpọ "Ị na-abanye ugbu a na Agnes Macphail Country" n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo nta Ceylon, na nkwonkwo nke Grey Roads 4 na 14 (nke a maara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka "Six Corners"), na Grey Road 9, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Hopeville. A kpọrọ Grey County Road 9 n'etiti Highway 6 na Highway 10 Agnes MacPhail Road . 
 A na-akpọ ụlọ obibi dị na 860 Mercer Street na Windsor, Ontario "Agnes Macphail Manor".
 Ihe omume 2015 nke Murdoch Mysteries (oge 8, ihe omume 17, "Election Day") na-ahụ nwa agbọghọ Agnes Macphail (nke Zoe Fraser gosipụtara) na-egosi mmasị na mmegharị suffragette.
 Ọ pụtara na mbipụta 2017 "Canada 150" nke akwụkwọ ego dollar iri nke Canada n'akụkụ John A. Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier na James Gladstone ma bụrụkwa nwanyị mbụ na-abụghị eze nwere ebe na-adịgide adịgide na ego Canada.

 Ebe ndebe ihe ochie 
E nwere ego Agnes Macphail na Library and Archives Canada. Nọmba ncheta bụ R4413.

 Ihe odide na ihe odide 

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Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations