Ịtụgharị

Ịtụgharị uche bụ (nke a na-emekarị) ngwunye mmiri na-achọghị, na-emekarị n'elu ụlọ dị larịị ma ọ bụ n'okporo ụzọ. Ịgbanye mmiri na-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe na-emebi emebi, gụnyere ihe nrapado ọnụ n'ime otu ụlọ elu ụlọ, ihe nchara ígwè na-akwado, na karịsịa asphalt ụlọ. N'elu ụlọ asphalt dị ala, ịkwanye mmiri na-eme ka ihe mgbaze mmanụ dị n'ime asphalt ahụ pụta, na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị n'elu ụlọ ahụ kewaa ma nwee ike ịgbawa ma na-agbapụta n'ebe a na-atụgharị.[1]. A na-akpọ oge a na-ewe maka mmiri iji jupụta mpaghara, nke na-abụkarị site na mmiri ozuzo, na-eme ka ọdọ mmiri guzobe, na-ezo aka dị ka "oge ntugharị" ma ọ bụ "oge ntugharị uche".  

 Ihe kpatara ya 
A na-ahazi ọtụtụ usoro ụlọ dị larịị (nke a na-akpọ nke ọma "Sistemụ ụlọ ndị dị ala") na obere olulu mmiri iji wụsa mmiri n'akụkụ ya, na-abụkarị n'ime olulu, suppers, n'ime ime, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ndị a.[5] Mgbe a na-ekpuchi scupper ma ọ bụ igbapu ma ọ bụ daa n'ihi ihe ndị ọzọ, mmiri ozuzo na-achọsi ike na gburugburu ebe ahụ dị ala. Ka oge na-aga, ka oké ifufe nke ọ bụla na-agafe, ịdị arọ nke mmiri ozuzo ga-eme ka usoro nhazi ahụ gafere ebe mgbada ihe owuwu ahụ, si otú a na-enye ohere ka nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-etolite. Dị ka nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-etolite, a na-etinyekwu ibu na usoro nhazi ahụ na-eme ka ọ na-ehulata ọzọ, na-enye ohere ọbụna ka ukwuu, na-enwekwu ibu, ruo mgbe nhazi ahụ dara."Investigation, analysis and design of an experiment to test ponding loads on flexible roof systems" by Duncan Stark, published by Oregon State University, June 2008

 Usoro iwu ụlọ 
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ, National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) na-akọwa ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu ụlọ dị ka "mmiri na-anọgide n'elu elu ụlọ karịa awa 48 mgbe njedebe nke ihe omume mmiri ozuzo kachasị ọhụrụ".  "The Evils of Ponding Water" October 31, 2009, by Paul Graham

Dị ka 2009 International Building Code Isi nke 15 "Mgbakọ Elu ụlọ na Elu ụlọ" & Isi nke 16 "Nhazi ụlọ";Mgbe a na-eji scuppers eme ihe maka mmiri nke abụọ (mmụba mberede) n'elu ụlọ, a ga-atụle ọnụọgụ, nha, ebe na ịdị elu nke scuppers iji gbochie omimi nke mmiri ịsa ahụ karịa nke e mere n'elu ...  Ịkwado ọgba aghara. Maka elu ụlọ nwere ndagwurugwu na-erughị 1/4 inch kwa ụkwụ [1.19 degrees (0.0208 rad) ], ngụkọta imewe ga-agụnye nkwenye nke nkwụsi ike zuru oke iji gbochie ntụgharị na-aga n'ihu dịka Akụkụ 8.4 nke ASCE 7 si dị.2009 international building code, by International Code Council in Books

 Ịda n'ala 
Mgbe a na-ebugharị mmiri n'ime ebe dị ala nke na-enweghị ụzọ isi ma ọ bụ nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ịdọrọ mmiri, mmiri ga-amalite ịba, ka oge na-aga, ịdị arọ nke mmiri ga-emepụta ọdọ mmiri miri emi, na-enye ohere ka mmiri nwekwuo, n'ikpeazụ na-emepụta ihe mmiri na-adịgide adịgide. Obodo ụfọdụ na-amata nke a dị ka nsogbu na ala onwe onye, dị ka Obodo Indianapolis.

Otu obodo dị na New Zealand kwuru na "ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala bụ nsogbu na-adịghị ala ala, nke na-akpata ụlọ mmiri na mpaghara mmiri. Mmebi ọ na-akpatụ adịchaghị anya karịa ihe ndị na-emebi ihe metụtara idei mmiri, mana oge ọdọ mmiri dị n"okpuru ala, nke nwere ike ịdịru ọtụtụ ọnwa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nsogbu siri ike maka ndị metụtara. " Urban planning - managing surface water and groundwater ponding" by Michelle Malcolm, Craig Martell, and Brydon Hughes, Sinclair Knight Merz Ltd. Kapiti Coast District Council 2008

Ịtinye ụdị ahụ n'elu ebe a na-eme ka ọ dị mma, dị ka okporo ámá ma ọ bụ ebe a na'adọba ụgbọala nke na-adịghị edozi nke ọma, ga-akpata nsogbu ndị dị ka olulu mmiri miri emi na oghere agụ iyi.

 Hụkwa 

 Mmiri Horton na-asọ n'elu ala
 Ọdọ mmiri na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike

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