Anastasia Bitsenko

Anastasia Alekseevna Bitsenko, née Kameristaya[mara 1] (Russian: Анастасия Алексеевна Биценко, née Камeристая; 10 Nọvemba 1875 - 16 June 1938) bụ onye na-eme ihe ike na Russia bụ Communist Narodni. Dị ka onye so n'òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị socialist revolutionary (SR) na-efe efe ọgụ, ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama maka igbu onye bụbu minista agha Russia Viktor Sakharov na 1905. Mgbe e jichiri ya ihe karịrị afọ 11, a tọhapụrụ ya n'oge Mgbanwe Ọchịchị nke February wee sonye na ya. ndị ekpe Socialist-Revolutionaries. Maka ihe ndị ọ rụzuru, ndị otu ahụ họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya ha n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya Soviet maka mkparịta ụka udo nke German-Russian na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, nke rụpụtara na Nkwekọrịta nke Brest-Litovsk. O mesịrị kwado ọchịchị Soviet n'ụzọ dị mma, na-agbasosi echiche ọchịchị Kọmunist.

 Ndụ mbụ na njide 
A mụrụ Anastasia (Nastya) Kameristaya na 10 Nọvemba 1875 na obere obodo Donetsk" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Donetsk">Aleksandrovka (nke bụzi akụkụ nke Donetsk) na Bakhmutsky Uyezd nke Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Alaeze Ukwu Russia. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo, ọ ritere uru "site na mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ nke Tsar Alexander nke Abụọ  nweta agụmakwụkwọ zuru ezu iji ruo eruo ịbụ onye nkuzi"  n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị.[and][2] N'oge ụnwụ nri nke gbasara na Russia na 1899, ọ haziri kichin ọha maka ndị agụụ na-agụ na Kazan. O mechara gaa ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na Moscow iji ruo eru maka izi ihe na ọkwa sekọndrị. 

Otú ọ dị, ọzụzụ nkuzi ya mebiri site na itinye aka na mgbanwe, ma eleghị anya site na nzukọ ya Mikhail Stepanovich Bitsenko, nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya na Moscow Agricultural Institute (ọ bụ ezie na ọ tọrọ ya afọ asaa) na onye na-eme mgbanwe (SR), onye ghọrọ di ya. N'afọ 1901, ndị uwe ojii jidere ha maka isonye na ọgba aghara ụmụ akwụkwọ ma chụpụ ha na Moscow gaa n'ógbè Irkutsk dịpụrụ adịpụ. Mgbe ha laghachiri na Europe Russia na 1903, ha "nyere aka na ntọala nke otu SR na Smolensk", mana ha nwere ike kewaa n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, mgbe Anastasiya hapụrụ Smolensk gaa St. Petersburg, ebe "Mikhail nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na Smolenski SRs. " Ha agaghị agbakọta ọzọ, mana, ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ọ kpọtụbeghị ma ọ bụ kpọtụrụ di mbụ ya aha ọzọ, ọ nọgidere na aha nna ya n'oge ndụ ya niile.[4]

Na St. Petersburg Nastya ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe ike oge niile nke otu SR ma tinye aka n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi ọha egwu na-achọ igbu Minista nke Interior, Vyacheslav von Plehve . [2] N'ịbụ onye onye mgbaàmà raara nye, e jidere ya na ngwụcha Jenụwarị 1904 ma debe ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo n'etiti Machị ruo 1905 mgbe a chụgara ya na Vologda dị nso na Arctic Circle. Mgbe naanị otu ọnwa nke ibi, ọ gbagara mba ọzọ, gaa Geneva, mana n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ laghachiri, n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na Moscow, dị ka onye otu kọmitii Moscow nke otu SR, nke na-ahụ maka ịhazi ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. N'ọnwa Nọvemba sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha SR na-efe efe.  (A chụpụrụ nzukọ SR Combat Organization ruo nwa oge na kọmitii PSR kpebiri ịkwụsị iyi egwu mgbe mbipụta nke October Manifesto gasịrị. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị otu na otu agaghị agbaso mkpebi nke pati ahụ).  Bitsenko wepụtara onwe ya iduzi atụmatụ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu megide "onye na-egbu anụ nke Saratov", dịka ndị na-eme mgbanwe ga-akpọ onye bụbu Minista nke Agha, Viktor Sakharov, onye e zigara na mpaghara Saratov iji gbochie nnukwu ọgba aghara ndị ọrụ ugbo. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba, Bitsenko jisiri ike banye n'obí gọvanọ Piotr Stolypin na Saratov ma mee ka a nabata ya n'ihu General Sakharov: n'ebe ahụ, ọ tọgbọrọ n'elu tebụl Sakharov ikpe ọnwụ nke kọmitii SR nke mpaghara nyere ya wee gbaa ya égbè ozugbo.[6] E jidere ya, kpụpụ ya n'ụlọ ikpe, ma maa ya ikpe na mbụ ka a kwụgbuo ya; mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, a gbanwere ntaramahụhụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ntaramahụwarị maka ndụ ya niile a ga-eje ozi na Nerchinsk katorga na Transbaikal (n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Baikal, nso ókèala China). 

E zigara ya Siberia na ụmụ nwanyị ise ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-eyi ọha egwu, gụnyere Maria Spiridonova. A na-akpọ ìgwè ahụ Shesterka ("Six") mgbe ụfọdụ ma nweta nnukwu ewu ewu. Njem ha ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga nwayọọ nwayọọ were ihe dị ka otu ọnwa wee ghọọ ụdị "ọganihu mmeri":  ìgwè ndị na-akwado ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ zutere na nkwụsị ọ bụla na ndị na-eme mgbanwe (na Spiridonova n'ihu) ga-ekele ma soro ha kwurịta okwu ruo ogologo oge o kwere mee, na-akọwa usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị SR. [7][8] Bitsenko nọrọ afọ iri na otu sochirinụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Akatuy na Maltsev na Nerchinsk katorga.

 Soviet Russia 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta agha n'etiti Russia na Germany. Bitsenko nọ n'aka nri.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndị nnọchi anya Soviet na Brest-Litovsk. Nọdụ ala, site n'aka ekpe: Lev Kamenev, Adolph Joffe, Anastasia Bitsenko. Ndị guzo: Vladimir Lipskiy, Pēteris Stučka, Leon Trotsky, Lev Karakhan.
N'ihi February Revolution na 1917 a tọhapụrụ ya ma laghachi n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ime Socialist Revolutionary Party na mbụ na Chita, na Moscow, ebe a họpụtara ya ọzọ na kọmitii mpaghara. O sonyere n'oge Nnupụisi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ọktoba dị ka onye otu Kọmitii Mgbanwe Ọchịchị nke Petrograd wee sonye na ndị Socialist-Revolutionaries Left na-arịgo site na ọkwa nke pati ọhụrụ ahụ. [9] Ọ bụ onye otu Central Committee of the Left SRs, nke praesidium nke Moscow Soviet, na Central Executive Committee nke soviets. Dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka mbọ ọ gbara na pati ahụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya Soviet maka mkparịta ụka udo German-Soviet maka Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Brest-Litovsk.[11] Bitsenko bụ naanị nwanyị nọ n'oge mkparịta ụka ahụ; nhọpụta ya bụ usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ndị Bolshevik iji nye ndị na-asọmpi Left Socialist-Revolutionaries nnọchiteanya. Mkparịta ụka ahụ mechiri site na ịbịanye aka na Nkwekọrịta nke Brest-Litovsk, nkwekọrịta udo a ma ama nke kwụsịrị ọgụ na Eastern Front.  [12][13]

Bitsenko laghachiri na Rọshịa wee gaa n'ihu na mmemme pati ya. N'ịbụ onye na-emegide mgbawa nke ya na ndị Bolshevik, na Septemba 1918, ọ bụ onye guzobere Party nke Kọmunist Revolutionary gbawara agbawa. N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ sonyeere n'òtù ndị Kọmunist nke Rọshịa (Bolsheviks) e kpọgharịrị aha ọhụrụ, mechaa jide ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na kọmitii dị iche iche na Soviet Union. Mgbe Lenin nwụsịrị, onye ọchịchị ọhụrụ kasị elu nke Soviet bụ́ Joseph Stalin gbatịpụrụ mkpochapụ zuru ebe nile ruo n'ọkwa nke Communist Party, ọ ghọkwara otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị e lekwasịrị anya. Eboro ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, e kpere ya ikpe ma maa ya ikpe ọnwụ. Na 16 June 1938 a gbagburu ma lie ya n'ala agbapụ Kommunarka. Ndị ọchịchị Soviet tọhapụrụ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1961.

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