Ada Rogato

Ada Rogato (22 Disemba 1910 – 15 Nọvemba 1986) bụ nwanyị ọsụ ụzọ ụgbọ elu si Brazil. Ọ mebiri ndekọ ise, bụrụ nwanyị South America mbụ nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ịnya ụgbọ elu na nwanyị Brazil mbụ nwetara asambodo paratrooper. Ọ mebiri ndekọ ụwa maka ụgbọ elu solo kachasị ogologo, bụ onye mbụ gbafere na America atọ ma jide ndekọ Brazil maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mwụ elu parachute. Ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ na-anya ugbo ala Brazil, na-efe efe uzuzu maka ụlọ ọrụ Biological Institute iji kpochapụ ụmụ ahụhụ na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ kọfị mba ahụ.

 Oge ọ malitere 
Ada Rogato mụrụ na 22 Disemba 1910 na São Paulo, Brazil nye Maria Rosa (née Greco) na Guglielmo Rogato. Ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị si San Marco Argentano, Italy kwabata. Agụmakwụkwọ ya bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ụmụ agbọghọ oge ya, agụmakwụkwọ pere mpe, ịmụ eserese na ịmụ piano. Malite mgbe Rogato dị obere, ọ chọsiri ike ịmụta otú e si efe efe, ma mgbe ndị mụrụ ya kewara, ọ na-enyere nne ya aka site n’ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ na ire ihe ndị e ji akpa ákwà na ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ aka iji nweta ihe e ji ebi ndụ. N'ịchekwa ego ọ na-enweta, ọ nwere ike nweta ego zuru oke iji were klaasị ụgbọ elu na Flying Club nke São Paulo wee nweta akwụkwọ ikike pilot glider klas ya "C" na 1935, bụrụ onye mbụ onye Brazil na South America nwanyị mbụ na-anya ụgbọ elu.  [6][7][8][9]

Na 1936, Rogato nwetara nkuzi ndị ọzọ wee gafee ule ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọ elu, na-efe ụdị ụgbọ elu dị iche iche nke America, yana ụgbọ elu ndị Brazil mere dị ka Muniz M-7, Muniz M-9, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu nke atọ nwere ikike na Brazil, na-esote Teresa De Marzo na Anésia Pinheiro Machado. Ọ fegoro dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọ elu nnwale nke a rụrụ na Brazil wee malite ife n'ihe ngosi ikuku. Ebe ọ chọrọ ịkpata ihe e ji ebi ndụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ma tinye akwụkwọ maka ịbanye n’ọrụ obodo.

 Ọrụ 
N'afọ 1940, Rogato malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na Biological Institute, na-anọchi odeakwụkwọ nwa oge gara aga. Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe gbasara sayensị ọbá akwụkwọ iji melite nkà ya ma rịọ ka e kwe ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-ekere òkè na ọrụ "Wing Week".[1] N'afọ sochirinụ, Rogato gara nkuzi ịpụ n'elu, nweta asambodo mbụ nke ndị Brazil  wee zụta ụgbọelu Paulistinha nwere oche abụọ. [6][8] Mgbe ọ natara asambodo ya, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ụgbọelu rịọrọ ka e kwe ka Rogato nye ya ezumike ọnwa atọ iji nye ọzụzụ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Nkà na Ụgbọelu.[1] N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo, na-agagharị na Litoral Paulista (ụsọ oké osimiri nke São Paulo). Maka ọrụ ya, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ natara utu aha Pilot na Honoris Causa site na Ndị Agha Ụgbọelu Brazil.[12] N'afọ 1942, Rogato ji parachute wụlie n'abalị. Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị ahụ ma soro ndị ikom ise, ndị si n'ụgbọelu Focke-Wulf wụba n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Rio de Janeiro. Onye isi ala, Getúlio Vargas nọ n'aka iji hụ ịwụli elu na ndị na-eji parachute arịgo na-azọpụta site na ụgbọ mmiri abụọ na-echere na njikere.[7]

Mgbe Rogato laghachiri na Biological Institute, e kenyere ya na Ngalaba Nlekọta Ahụike Anụmanụ, [1] nke dugara n'ịnweta ha ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na-anya ụgbọelu ugbo na 1948. Dị ka ọ gbakọtara ihe karịrị 1,200 awa n'ụgbọelu, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ goro ya ka ọ gbasaa ọgwụ ahụhụ na mgbalị iji kpochapụ ihe otiti nke beetle borer nke na-emebi Ihe ọkụkụ kọfị nke mba ahụ.[8] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe ọkụkụ, na-agbanye ọgwụ ahụhụ Gamexame (hexachloro- cyclohexane) , [1] mgbe ọ na-eyi ihe nchebe. E mechara machibido ọgwụ ahụhụ ahụ iwu dị ka ihe ize ndụ ahụike, mana ọ bụghị tupu Rogato enwee naanị nnukwu ihe mberede,  mgbe mmebi nke igwe na-asụ ya mere ka ọ daa.[8] A kpọgara Rogato n'ụlọ ọgwụ ruo otu ọnwa [1] ma e mesịrị kwuo na ikpughe ya na kemịkal nwere ike iduga ya n'ịrịa kansa. [8] Mgbe ọ gbakere, Rogato laghachiri n'ịkpụ ihe ọkụkụ.[1]

N'afọ 1950, Rogato were ezumike nká n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Biological Institute wee jiri ego nke ya gaa sonye na ihe ngosi ụgbọ elu na Argentina, Chile na Paraguay. [8] Mgbe ọ nọ na Chile, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-adaba n'elu ala na mba ahụ  ma nweta aka mgbe o ji ọkọlọtọ Brazil na Chile daa. [13][7] Gọọmentị Chile nyere ya otuto.[13] Ọ gafere Andes na Paulistinha ya ma nye ya ihe nrite nke ụgbọ elu maka ihe ọ rụzuru. E nyekwara ya Cessna 140, nke ọ ga-eji mee ihe n'afọ na-esote na ụgbọ elu ya. [8] N'afọ 1951, ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ ụgbọ elu kachasị ogologo mgbe ọ gbaara kilomita 51,064 site na Tierra del Fuego gaa Anchorage, Alaska  n'ime ọnwa isii.[9] Na-efe n'ebe ndịda site na Rio de Janeiro, ọ gara Uruguay na Argentina tupu ọ gafee Andes, gafee ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke South America, Central America na North America iji ruo Anchorage.[13] Site na Anchorage, ọ gbaara ụgbọ elu gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu kachasị n'ebe ugwu, na Fort Yukon na Arctic Circle.[14] Mgbe ahụ, ọ laghachiri ụgbọ elu ya gaa Seattle wee gaa Washington, D.C. wee gaa Montreal na Ottawa na Canada tupu ọ gawa Caribbean iji felie Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana atọ ahụ tupu ọ laghachi Brazil. A na-akpọ njem ahụ njem dị ka njem dị mma nke onye agbata obi ma ọ zutere ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nke mba 17 ọ bụla ọ na-efe.  [13][6]

N'afọ 1952, Rogato ghọrọ onye ọkwọ ụgbọelu mbụ na-abụghị onye agha iji bulie ma ọ bụ daa ụgbọelu na-enweghị ike, Cessna ya, site na El Alto na La Paz, Bolivia, nke n'oge ahụ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu kachasị elu n'ụwa.[12] N'afọ 1956, ọ rụrụ ọrụ gọọmentị São Paulo, na-efega n'isi obodo ọ bụla nke steeti Brazil  ma n'ime usoro ahụ ọ ghọrọ onye ọkwọ ụgbọelu mbụ na-efefe n'elu Oké ọhịa Amazon. [9][8] N'afọ 1960, Rogato setịpụrụ nke mbụ, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ rutere Ushuaia, na Tierra del Fuego, nke bụ obodo kachasị n'ebe ndịda n'ụwa n'oge ahụ.[12] Otu n'ime ihe na-adọrọ mmasị nke ọrụ Rogato bụ na a rụzuru ụgbọ elu ya niile dị ka njem n'onwe ya na ụgbọ elu na-enweghị ike (85 horsepower ma ọ bụ obere engine), nke na-enweghị ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụ ọbụna redio.  [8][13] O nwere ihe ndekọ Brazil nke ịwụli elu parachute na 105 na otuto ya.[1]

Rogato lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ gọọmentị n'afọ 1980, ebe ọ nwetara ọkwa onye isi ngalaba egwuregwu na njem nleta maka ngalaba teknụzụ, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-efe efe ruo afọ anọ tupu ọnwụ ya.[15] A na-ekwu na ọ kwụsịrị ife efe naanị n'ihi na ọ pụghị imebi ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ụgbọelu dị ike karị.[12] Site na 1980 ruo 1986, Rogato jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Museum of Aeronautics and Space nke São Paulo nakwa dị ka onye isi oche nke Santos Dumont Foundation.[7]

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
Rogato nwụrụ na 15 Nọvemba 1986, na São Paulo ma debe ozu ya na steeti na Museum of Aeronautics. E liri ya na Santana Cemetery nke São Paulo mgbe e nyechara ya ụtụ pụrụ iche.[16] Rogato bụ nwanyị mbụ natara National Commendation of Aeronautical Merit, na ọkwa knight. Ọ ghọkwara nwanyị mbụ Wing Commander na Brazilian Air Force na utu aha Pilot na Honoris Causa site na Brazilian air Force. Gọọmentị Chile chọrọ ya mma dị ka onye isi nke Order of Bernardo O'Higgins na 1951. [7] N'afọ 1952, ọ natara nku ncheta site n'aka ndị agha ụgbọelu Bolivia maka ụgbọ elu ya gaa La Paz. [9] E jikwa nku nke Ndị Agha Ụgbọelu Colombia chọọ Rogato mma ma na 1954 nata Paul Tissandier Diploma of Merits in Aviation site na nzukọ French, Aeronautics International.[17]

E nwere okporo ámá na Ribeirão Preto aha ya bụ iji sọpụrụ ya na ogige obodo na Lapa nke bu aha ya. N'afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ post ọfịs Brazil wepụtara stampụ iji cheta ụgbọ elu ya n'elu Andes.[1] N'afọ 2011, onye edemede Brazil, Lucita Briza, bipụtara akụkọ ndụ Rogato, Ada - Mulher, pioneira, aviadora na C&R Editorial.[12] Ihe nrite Rogato na Cessna ya anọwo na-egosi na TAM Museum na São Carlos kemgbe afọ 2012. [1]

 Ihe edeturu 
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

 Ebem si dee 

 Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ