Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị

Ụmụ nwanyị Suffrage Alliance (Chinese dị mfe: 女子参政同盟会; Chinese omenala: 女子參政同盟會; pinyin: Nǚzǐ cānzhèng tóngménghuì) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị China na-arụ ọrụ na February 120 ụmụ nwanyị nhọpụta.[1] Ọ bụ ọgbakọ izizi ụmụ nwanyị mba mbụ na China, yana mmalite nke ngagharị ịtụ vootu a haziri ahazi na China.

 Ntọala 
Ọ bụ Tang Qunying (onye nchoputa Association Nkwado Ụmụ nwanyị) tọrọ ntọala ya na Nanjing 20 February 1912. N'oge ahụ, a kagburu Alaeze Ukwu China na ekwesịrị ide akwụkwọ iwu nke Republic of China ọhụrụ. Ndị inyom na-eme ihe ike nwere nchegbu na oke ruru ụmụ nwanyị nhata na nhọpụta ha ga-esonye n'usoro iwu nke mba ọhụrụ ahụ. Mgbe enwere ihe ịrịba ama na nke a abụghị ikpe, ụmụ nwanyị haziri n'okpuru Tang Qunying iji kwado ihe ha mere n'ụlọ omeiwu. Ọ bụ nche anwụ nzukọ nke mejupụtara otu ụmụ nwanyị Nüzi canzheng tongzhi hui, 女子尚武會; Nüzi shang wu hui, Nüzi houyuan hui, Hunan nüguomin hui na 女子同盟會; Nüzi tongmenghui; 'Ụmụ nwanyị Njikọ', na otu n'ime ndị tọrọ ntọala ya bụ Zhang Hanying, Lin Zongsu (onyeisi oche nke Shanghai Women's Political Consultative Conference), Wang Changguo (na-akwalite Hunan Changsha Women's National Association), Shen Peizhen (沈佩貞; oche nke Shanghai Women's Shangwu Association), Chen Hongbi (陳鴻璧; oche nke Shanghai Aihua Company), Wu Mulan (吳木蘭; oche nke Shanghai Women's League), Zhang "Sophie" Zhaohan, He Xiangning na Cai Hui (蔡蕙), na Tang Qunying dị ka onyeisi oche ya..

 Ọrụ 
Mgbe e gosipụtara Iwu ọhụrụ ahụ na ndị omeiwu na 11 Machị 1912 ma tinyeghị ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ntụli aka, ndị suffragists hapụrụ oche ha na gallery wee wakpo usoro ndị omeiwu n'ememe ngagharị iwe. N'echi ya, a machibidoro ha ịbanye ma hazie ngagharị iwe iji mee ngagharị iwe. N'ọnwa Eprel 1912, ha haziri nnọkọ ma bipụta nkwupụta nke ikike nhọpụta nke e kesara na China. Mgbe e nyere ụmụ nwoke ikike ịtụ vootu na nzuko omeiwu n'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1912, ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwoke iri isii wakporo nzuko omebe iwu iji mee mkpesa.

Onye isi ala Sun Yat-sen kwadoro ihe nzukọ ahụ chọrọ, mana ọ gwara Tang Qunying na n'agbanyeghị nkwado onwe ya, ọ gaghị ekwe omume inweta ihe ọ chọrọ site na ndị omeiwu n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ha megidere ha, ma dọọ ya ọdụ ka ọ lelee ụmụ nwanyị ka ha nwee ikike ịtụ vootu ogologo oge nke a ga-e yigharịrị, ma lekwasị anya n'ime ka ụmụ nwanyị dị njikere maka ịtụ vootu n'oge na-aga site n'ime agụmakwụkwọ ka mma maka ha. Onye isi ala Yuan Shikai gosipụtara na ọ na-emegide ikike ụmụ nwanyị: na Machị 1913, ọ machibidoro Women's Suffrage Alliance ma nye ikike ijide Tang Qunying, nke ga-abụ njedebe nke mmegide mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na China.

 Ihe si na ya pụta 
N'oge onye isi ala Yuan Shikai na afọ ndị sochirinụ nke nkewa na China, ọ dịghị mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị nke mba ga-ekwe omume. Otú ọ dị, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke China, òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke a haziri mgbe ntọala nke Nujie lianhe hui (UWA) na 1919, ma jisie ike webata ikike ụmụ nwanyị na usoro iwu mpaghara nke Hunan na Guangdong (1921) na Sichuan (1923), bụ ụmụ nwanyị a họpụtara na ndị omeiwu mpaghara. Maja Mikula:Women, Activism and Social Change: Stretching Boundaries Mgbe e jikọtara China n'okpuru Gọọmentị Kuomintang na Nanjing na 1928, otu mba ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịhazi ọzọ na nke mbụ ya kemgbe mmechi nke Women's Suffrage Alliance na 1913, ma mesịa tinye ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Iwu ọhụrụ nke 1936, ọ bụ ezie na emeghị iwu ahụ ruo na 1947. Nicola Spakowski, Cecilia Nathansen Milwertz:Women and Gender in Chinese Studies

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