Mabel Bent

Mabel Virginia Anna Bent (née Hall-Dare, a.k.a. Mrs J. Theodore Bent) (28 Jenụwarị 1847 - 3 Julaị 1929), bụ onye nchọpụta Anglo-Irish, onye na-egwu ala, onye edemede na onye na-ese foto. Ya na di ya, J. Theodore Bent, nọrọ afọ iri abụọ (1877-1897) na-eme njem, na-anakọta ma na-eme nchọpụta na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Eastern Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Africa, na Arabia Much of the biographical material herein is from two obituaries of Mabel Bent: 'Mrs. Theodore Bent', Nature 124, 65 (1929). https://doi.org/10.1038/124065a0 and The Times, 4 July 1929.Creese, Mary R.S. (2000). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. p. 323.

 Ndụ mbido 
A mụrụ Hall-Dare na 28 Jenụwarị 1847. Ebe amụrụ ya bụ ụlọ nna nna ya, Beauparc, na River Boyne na County Meath, Ireland.  N'oge na-adịghị anya ka a mụsịrị ya ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Temple House, County Sligo, tupu ha alaghachi na mmalite 1860s na County Wexford, nweta ihe onwunwe nke mechara bụrụ Newtownbarry House, na Newtownbarry (ugbu a obodo Bunclody).  Mgbe Hall-Dare dị afọ iri na ụma, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe mwute, ma ndị mụrụ ya na ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke abụọ nwụnahụrụ ya.

Hall-Dare na ụmụnne ya nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ site n'aka ndị na-elekọta ụlọ na ndị nkuzi.Obituary, 'Mrs J. Theodore Bent', The Times, 4 July 1929.

 Ndụ alụmdi na nwunye 
Ụmụ nwanne ndị dị anya (site na Lambarts), na ebe ha zutere na Norway,[1] Hall-Dare lụrụ J. Theodore Bent na 2 Ọgọst 1877 n'ime ụka nke Staplestown, County Carlow, na-adịghị anya na ebe obibi Irish nke Mabel.  Enwere akụ na ụba n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ, ndị Bents guzobekwara ụlọ mbụ na 43 Great Cumberland Place, na nso Marble Arch, na London, emesia na-aga nso na Arch na nọmba 13;  Mabel nọgidere n'otu ụlọ ahụ mgbazinye afọ 30 ka Theodore nwụsịrị na 1897, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1929.

Njem mbụ ha kpọgara ha Ịtali na ngwụcha afọ 1870, Theodore, onye gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Oxford, Obituary, J, Theodore Bent, The Times, 7 May 1897. na-enwe mmasị na Garibaldi J. Theodore Bent, The Life of Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1881. London, Longmans, Green, and Co. na njikọta Ịtali.

N'oge oyi nke 1882/3, ndị Bents mere njem dị mkpirikpi na Gris na Eastern Mediterranean, na-agbadata, n'ụzọ ha na-ala, n'àgwàetiti Cycladic nke Tinos na Amorgos iji hụ ememe Ista. Ha laghachiri ná ngwụsị nke afọ n'otu mpaghara ahụ, Greek Cyclades, ihe ndekọ ha na-egosi na ọrụ Theodore (1885) The Cyclades, ma ọ bụ Ndụ n'etiti ndị Gris Insular.[1]  Ọ bụ n'ime njem a ka Mabel Bent malitere ihe ọ kpọrọ ya 'Ihe E Mere', [2] n'ezie akwụkwọ ndetu njem ya na akwụkwọ ndekọta nke di ya ga-eji na nloghachi ha nyere ya aka n'ide akụkọ na akwụkwọ ya.  Nchịkọta akwụkwọ ndetu ya dị ugbu a na ebe nchekwa nke Ọbá akwụkwọ Hellenic na Roman, Ụlọ Senate, London.[3]  Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ya sitere n'Africa na Arabia na-ejide na Royal Geographical Society na London.

N'ụzọ bụ isi, Mabel na Theodore Bent họọrọ iji oge oyi na oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ ọ bụla na-eme njem, na-eji oge okpomọkụ na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ dee nchọpụta ha ma kwadebe maka mkpọsa ha ọzọ. Enwere ike ịhazi mpaghara ha na mpaghara atọ: Gris na Eastern Mediterranean (n'afọ 1880); Africa (n'oge mmalite afọ 1890); na Southern Arabia (n'etiti afọ 1890). Expanded details of all the Bents' journeys are available at http://tambent.com/. Ọtụtụ n'ime nchọpụta na nnweta ndị di na nwunye ahụ chịkọtara na njem ha dị na British Museum  na Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford.For the Bents' finds in the British Museum, see   https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?searchText=%22Theodore+Bent%22&images=true Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ejiji agwaetiti Gris Mabel Bent si Gris weta n'ụlọ dị ugbu a na Victoria na Albert Museum na London na Benaki Museum, Athens.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị Bent nwetara site na mba ofesi ka dịgidere ya ruo afọ ikpeazụ ya.  Na 1926 o wetara nnukwu ego n'ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain.[1]  Ọ bụkwa omume imeghe ụlọ ya maka ihe omume ebere iji gosipụta mkpokọta ya[2] - kọwara dị ka 'nke na-adọrọ mmasị karịa ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.

Maka njem ha gaa n'ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a agwaetiti Dodecanese nke Gris (Turkish n'oge ahụ) na 1885, Bent ji ngwá ọrụ foto ya mee njem ma, site n'oge gara aga, ghọọ onye na-ese foto njem.The Travel Chronicles of Mrs. J. Theodore Bent, Vol. 1, 2006, Oxford, page 80. Ọ bụ ole na ole n'ime foto mbụ ya ka dị, mana e ji ọtụtụ mee ihe iji mepụta ihe osise ndị dị n'akwụkwọ na isiokwu di ya, na slides lantern nke mere ka nkuzi ya dị na Royal Geographical Society na London na ebe ndị ọzọ.For Mabel Bent's photographs, see, in particular, Southern Arabia (Theodore and Mabel Bent), 1900. London, Smith, Elder and Co.

N'agwaetiti Cycladic nke Antiparos na mbido 1884, ndị injinia na-egwuputa ihe n'ime obodo, Robert na John Swan, gosiri Bents ụfọdụ ili tupu oge eruo.  Theodore Bent mere onye na-amu amu ihe mgbe ochie nnyocha na abụọ saịtị n'àgwàetiti ahụ wee laghachi London na skeletal remnants nke dị ugbu a na Natural History Museum, na ọtụtụ seramiiki, nkume na obsidian chọpụtara na ugbu a na-etolite a ịrịba akụkụ nke British Museum si Cycladic collection;  N'ime ọnwa ole na ole, o bipụtala ihe [2] na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie / ọkà mmụta agbụrụ, na nke nwunye ya ga-abụ etiti.

N'ime obodo Komiaki na Naxos na Jenụwarị 1884, a kọwaara Mabel Bent Matthew Simos, onye Anafi, onye ghọrọ dragoman nke Bents maka ọtụtụ n'ime njem ha n'ọdịnihu.The Travel Chronicles of Mrs. J. Theodore Bent, Vol. 1, 2006, Oxford, page 31.

 Njem Bent na di ya 1880s-1890sFor full details and dates of the Bents' journeys, see The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J. Theodore Bent (3 vols), 2006, 2010, 2012. Oxford, Archaeopress. 

 1883: Mpaghara nke Turkey na Gris
 1884: Cyclades nke Gris
 1885: Dodecanese nke Gris
 1886-1888: Ebe ugwu Aegean, na n'ebe dị anya n'ụsọ oké osimiri Turkey
 1889: Bahrain, iji gwupụta Dilmun Burial Mounds, site na India na, ndịda-n'ebe ugwu, ogologo nke Iran n'elu ịnyịnya
 1890: N'ụsọ oké osimiri Turkey na Armenia
 1891: Mashonaland (Zimbabwe nke oge a) n'aha Cecil Rhodes iji nyochaa ebe Great ZimbabweZimbabwe Ukwu
 1893: Etiopia (Aksum) 
 1894: Yemen (Wadi Hadramaut) 
 1895: Muscat, Oman na Dhofar, n'oge ha na-akọwa ozu na Khor Rori
 1896: Sudan na ụsọ oké osimiri Red
 1897: Socotra na Yemen

Njem ogologo njem ndị Bents mere n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ kpọrọ ha ka ha buru ihe enyemaka ahụike zuru oke.  Mabel Bent gbalịrị ibelata n'ebe enwere ike ọrịa ndị ha na-eme njem n'etiti ha gosipụtara, dịka ọmụmaatụ na Wadi Khonab (Hadramaut, Yemen) na January 1894, dị ka e dekọrọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya: 'N'ime ndị ọrịa ahụ, e wetara nwa ọhụrụ ... dị ka ihe jọgburu onwe ya.  Ọ dịghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla anyị nwere, ma ọ bụ ezie na anyị nyochara ihe karịrị ¼ dobe chlorodine, n'ime nnukwu mmiri, anyị chere na ọ dị ize ndụ itinye aka na ihe ogbenye… Theodore gwara ha na ọ gaghị adị ogologo ndụ wee nwụọ na nke ahụ.  mgbede ma ọ bụ n'echi ya.

 Ịbụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na ndụ ya 
Theodore Bent nwụrụ na May 1897[1] n'ihi ọrịa ịba ka ha si Aden lọghachi ngwa ngwa na London, ebe di na nwunye ahụ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na njedebe nke njem ikpeazụ ha ọnụ.

Otu afọ mgbe di ya nwụsịrị, Bent gara Ijipt n'onwe ya iji hụ ebe ndị dị na Naịl. Ọ nwara akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ, nke ọ duziri 'A lonely useless journey'. Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndekọ njem ya n'ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Hellenic and Roman Library, Senate House, London.The heading of Bent's final Chronicle in 1898 reads 'A lonely useless journey'. Her diary peters out in Athens after four days. Her last chronicled words being: 'Of course I have not neglected the antiquities either…' (The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J. Theodore Bent, Vol. 1, page 331, Oxford, 2006).

Ruo 1914, Mabel Bent bụ onye nleta oge niile na Ala Nsọ. Belfast Telegraph, Saturday 17 October 1908. Na Jerusalem, Bent sonyeere 'Garden Tomb Association', nke ndị otu ya raara onwe ha nye ichebe ili ubi, ili dị n'èzí ọnụ ụzọ Damaskọs, nke ha kwenyere na ọ bụ ili Jizọs. E mere Bent odeakwụkwọ London ma mesịa soro dezie mmelite nke akwụkwọ nduzi ahụ, ya na Charlotte Hussey, bụ́ nwanyị Ireland ibe ya, bụ́ onye na-elekọta ili ahụ dị na Jerusalem.  Bent na Hussey daa na onye ọrụ nchekwa obodo, John Dickson, nke butere n'ikpeazụ ajụjụ na House of Commons[1] na ajụjụ.  Akwụkwọ dị na faịlụ Bent's Foreign Office nwere nkọwa dị ka: 'Nwanyị na-agwụ ike na nke na-adịgide adịgide';  'Enweghị ike F.O.  eme ka achupu ndinyom ndia n'ebe ahu?';  'Ọ ga-abụ ihe magburu onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na Oriakụ Bent nwere ike ikpe maka nkwutọ';  "Ọ bụ onye na-agba ụta nke ukwuu na onye na-asọ oyi, ma nyekwa Consul na-adịghị mma kemgbe ogologo oge nnukwu nsogbu site na usoro ọjọọ ya. 

N'afọ 1900, Mabel zutere Moses B. Cotsworth na George Frederick Wright ma soro ha mee njem. N'ụzọ dị mwute, o kpebiri iso ndị njem ahụ na-agba ọsọ gaa Betlehem.Cook, Anna J (2024). A Man Beyond Time: Moses Cotsworth's fight for the 13-month calendar. Independent Publishing Network. ISBN 9781805177203 N'oge ụfọdụ gburugburu Jebel Usdum, n'ebe ndịda Jerusalem, ịnyịnya ya tụgharịrị n'elu ya, gbajie ụkwụ ya. O zigara onye nduzi iji chọta ụmụ nwoke ndị laghachiri ma, site n'enyemaka nke ndị nduzi, buru ya gaa ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Jerusalem.Wright, G. F. (1916) Story of my life and work Oberlin: Bibliotheca Sacra Company A chọrọ ka nwanne ya nwanyị Ethel si Ireland gaa ịgwọ ya.Mabel Bent's letter to Kew Director, Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer: 'Dear Sir William… Thank you for sending me the flower pictures. I like them very much… This winter I only got to Jebel Usdum and arrived in Jerusalem with a broken leg, my horse having fallen on me in the wilderness of Judea. My sister Mrs. Bagenal came from Ireland and fetched me from the hospital where I was for 7 weeks. I cannot walk yet but am getting on well and my leg is quite straight and long I am thankful to say… Yours truly Mabel V.A. Bent.' [Letter, 19 April 1904 to Thiselton-Dyer at Kew; RBG Archives: Directors' Correspondence 1904].

 Mkpịsị Akwụkwọ Betel 
Ụfọdụ ndị edemede na-eche na Bent nwere ike itinye aka na mgbagwoju anya nke ihe mgbe ochie a maara dị ka esemokwu 'Bethel Seal'. Ihe dị ka kilomita 15 n'ebe ugwu Jerusalem, n'obodo Betel (Beytin / Baytin / Beitin nke oge a), a chọtara obere stampụ / akara n'afọ 1957 nke yiri nke Theodore Bent nwetara na njem ha na Wadi Hadramaut (Yemen) n'afọ 1894. Enweela aro na Bent debere arịa ahụ n'ime ihe ndị mgbe ochie na Betel dị ka ihe akaebe nye di ya, iji kwado echiche ya banyere njikọ azụmaahịa mbụ na mpaghara sara mbara, n'oge a na-akatọ ihe Theodore Bent chọpụtara na ajụjụ gbasara aha agụmakwụkwọ ya.  , karịsịa nkọwa ya banyere nnukwu ihe ncheta Zimbabwe. 

 Nkwado 
A tụrụ aro Bent dị ka onye nwere ike itinye n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị mbụ Fellows nke Royal Geographical Society. Atụmatụ ahụ malitere site na edemede dị na Observer (Eprel 1893), na mbido arụmụka banyere ma a ga-ahọpụta ụmụ nwanyị Fellows n'ọdịnihu, mgbe otu mbụ gasịrị n'afọ gara aga. Isiokwu a mechiri: '... agha nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwe nkwa ịghọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere anya nke Society... N'ajụjụ mbụ nke iru eru nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị Fellows of the Society ọ ga-ekwe omume na enwere ike inwe echiche abụọ. Mrs. Bishop (Miss Isabella Bird) na Miss Gordon Cumming bụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị nwere ike ịbụ ndị otu Royal Geographical Society dịka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikom na-ede F.R.G.S n'aha ha,.na Oriakụ Theodore Bent, Oriakụ St. George Littledale, Oriakụ Archibald Little, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịkpọ aha bụ ndị kesara njem di ha na obere obodo ama ama, ma nwee ike nweta ihe ùgwù ndị dị ka Fellowship of the Royal Geographical.  Society confers.'[1] Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke Julaị 1893, onye isi oche RGS mgbe ahụ, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff, ahapụla arụkwaghịm n'ihi votu dara ada ịga n'ihu na-anabata ndị òtù ụmụ nwanyị na ọ dịghịkwa ụmụ nwanyị anabatara.

 Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara 
Bent bipụtara akwụkwọ anọ.  Southern Arabia (1900)  bụ akwụkwọ njem ọ kwadebere site na akwụkwọ ndekọ ya na nke di ya na-ekpuchi njem ha niile na mpaghara ahụ.Southern Arabia (Theodore and Mabel Bent), 1900. London, Smith, Elder and Co. N'afọ 1903, o bipụtara obere akwụkwọ nke egwuregwu kaadị maka ndị njem, A patience pocket book: plainly printed.A patience pocket book: plainly printed, 1903/4. Bristol: J.W. Arrowsmith & London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. Ltd. Dabere na mmasị ya na British Israelism, Anglo-Saxons si Palestine; ma ọ bụ, Ihe omimi nke agbụrụ ndị furu efu pụtara na 1908. Anglo-Saxons from Palestine; or, The imperial mystery of the lost tribes, 1908. London: Sherratt & Hughes. Mbipụta ikpeazụ ya bụ mbipụta e degharịrị edegharị nke nduzi maka ili ogige na Jerusalem, ili ogige, Golgotha na ogige mbilite n'ọnwụ (ihe dị ka 1920). The Garden Tomb, Golgotha and the Garden of Resurrection (with Arthur William Crawley-Boevey and Miss Hussey), c. 1920. Jerusalem: Committee of the Garden Tomb Maintenance Fund.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Bent niile e debere na ebe nchekwa nke Hellenic Society, London, ma e wezụga ndị na-ekpuchi njem di na nwunye ahụ na Etiopia na 1893, ka edepụtala digitized ugbu a ma dị na ohere mepere emepe.

 Ọnwụ 
Mabel Bent nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya London na 3 Julaị 1929, akwụkwọ ọnwụ ya na-ehota 'myocardial ọdịda' na 'rheumatoid ogbu na nkwonkwo (na-adịghị ala ala)'

E liri ya na di ya na ogige ezinụlọ Hall-Dare, St Mary's Church, Theydon Bois, Essex.

 Ntụaka 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations