Asụsụ Kadu

Asụsụ Kadu, nke a makwaara dị ka Kadugli–Krongo ma ọ bụ Tumtum, bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ nke mkpokọta mpaghara Kordofanian, nke etinyere na Niger–Congo . Otú ọ dị, kemgbe Thilo Schadeberg (1981), a na-ahụ Kadu dị ka Nilo-Saharan . Ajụjụ ihe akaebe maka mmekọ Niger-Congo, yana mmekọrịta Nilo-Saharan na-ese okwu. Nhazi nke enweghị nchekwa ga-emeso asụsụ Kadu dị ka ezinụlọ nwere onwe. 

 Nhazi 
Blench (2006) kwuru na asụsụ Kadu na-ekekọrịta myirịta na ọtụtụ phyla asụsụ Africa, gụnyere Niger-Congo na Nilo-Saharan, na-atụ aro akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mgbagwoju anya nke njikọta asụsụ na kọntaktị.  Agbanyeghị, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Blench na-ekwu na Kadu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Nilo-Saharan, yana mmekọrịta ya na Eastern Sudanic .  

Dịka asụsụ Nilotic, Surmic, na Kuliak, asụsụ Kadu nwere usoro okwu ngwaa-mmalite. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke ugwu Nuba, Darfur na mpaghara oke ala Sudan na Etiopia nwere usoro okwu ngwaa-ikpeazụ. 

 Alaka 
Enwere alaka atọ:


 Nhazi 
Hall & Hall (2004),  dabere na Schadeberg (1987),  hazie asụsụ ndị a ka ndị a.Dafalla (2000) tụnyere cognates 179 na Kadugli, Kamda, Kanga, Katcha, Keiga, Kufa, Miri, Shororo-Kursi, na Tulishi. Nsonaazụ Dafalla (2000) yiri nke Schadeberg (1989).

 Nrụgharị 
Ụfọdụ Kadu quasi-reconstructions site Blench (2006): 
Gloss Proto-Kadu ọkpụkpụ **-ku- ịcha, kewaa **dị- ịgba egwu, bụrụ abụ, egwu **bila nye **-ɲa isi **-tu oke, òké **-fɛ ise **turu

 Okwu atụnyere 
Ọmụmaatụ okwu ndị bụ isi maka asụsụ Kadu: Languagename of languagename of peoplename of localityeyeeyesearearsnosetoothteethtonguetonguesmouthmouthsbloodbonebonestreetreeswatereat (imperative)namenamesMudot̪u-muɗoka-muɗoáyyeɲéne (e ~ ɪ)neesɔkisínɛɔ́ŋgɔ́rɔk/n-t̪íŋíniííniëëdɔniŋgɔ́ɔ́dɔníínɔniináádi(t̪iŋ-)/aríídagúbagubúúninde-aadík-aadíɓííd̪íuríɛrɛnɛ́ŋgɛ́rɛYegangsani ma-yɛgaŋ; d̪-aygaka-yɛgaŋɗi ma-yɛgaŋ; k-ɛɛgaŋayyɛnigɛ́ɛ́nɛ́nɔɔsɔ ~ nɔssɔanɔ́ɔ́sɔ́ɓ-/arwɔk (nostril)t̪ɪŋɪnɪkɪɪnɪt̪aŋʊɗɔanɗɔ́ɔ́nɛ́niinʊnamnáád̪íarid̪ʊt̪úŋʊ́ɓakooɓát̪aŋaɗíkaaɗíɓiid̪ikurɪ́ɛrɛkɛrɛ́ɛ́nɛ́Kufot̪iŋ-guufɔkud̪u maa-guufɔkuufɔɛɛiyyɛnɛɛsɔ́íʃinɛmɔɔrɔ/níŋgɔrɔnd̪iŋiníŋiiniŋɔɗɔní-ŋáɗɔniinɔnittir̀ɗʊkuɓakuɓɔɔniffafáád̪ánɛɓeeʃiʊʊriɛɛrɛnigirɛɛnɛMiriti-miri, t̪umma maa-mirikad̪u maa-miri, kad̪u maa-faɗɔɲɲa maa-miriɔɔyɛiiyɛnɛɛsɔisinɛ́úmb-/nugúŋg-ɔrɔk (nostril)t̪í-ŋíniŋíni(ŋ)ŋáɗɔnagáŋgáɗɔniinɔniginíínɔariid̪ut̪uŋuɓakuɓʊʊníffanááfaɓiid̪iágúrriɛɛrɛnigirɛɛnɛTallat̪in-d̪allakaa-d̪allat̪allaayyɛiyyɛnaasɔisinɛ́ámb-/nigáŋg-árɔkt̪-iŋŋiniiŋŋiniáŋdáɗukni-ŋ́gɔɗɔniinɔniginíínɔariid̪ʊt̪iŋgubakubaffanááfaɓiid̪iooriɛɛrɛnigirɛɛnɛTolibit̪ʊn-d̪uunu, t̪umma maa-d̪uunu; t̪olibi[11]ku-d̪uunuku-d̪uunuɔɔeiyyenɛɛsɔiisɛ́nɛ́ḿbarɔ/nʊgʊ́mbárɔt̪íŋ-giniii-giniŋ́gɔɗɔnugúŋgɔ́ɗɔniinɔnáá-, nɛ́ɛ́-níínɔ(ǹd̪ɛ́!ríídó)/á!ríídókʊɓakʊɓooníaffánnááfaɓiid̪iaguriɛɛrɛnɪgɛrɛɛnɛ́Sangalit̪umma ka-saŋaalika-saŋaalika-saŋaaliaayaiiyɛnaasɔeasanaɓ-/nag-ɔŋgɔ́rɔcíɲ(g)iniáginia-ŋgɔ́ɗɔnɔ-, (n)agʊ-niinʊniinʊnaginíínʊariid̪ʊt̪ʊ́gʊ́ɓííníkúɓíínífaafáád̪anaɓííjí (j ~ d̪)agúrí(ɛ)ááránɛgɛ́ráánaKrongoniinʊ mɔ-ɗikad̪u mɔ-ɗiɓalí-m-ɔyʊ(kalí-m-)iiyʊnɛaasʊnísinɛamʊ́ʊ́ni/nɪgámʊʊnit̪ɪn-jɪnɪɪ-jɪnɪcɔɔɗɔníjɔɔɗɔniinɔmunɔ́ɔ́d̪iʌ́ríd̪ɔkúɓʊ́ʊ́ínugúɓʊ́ʊ́níffanáfat̪aniɓiid̪iágʊ́rɪyaarinigíɲaariTalasat̪alasakaa-d̪alasaayyɛkilyá-m-íyyɛnɛɛsɔnɛ́sínɛa-mʊ́ʊ́nɛ/nɛ́ga-t̪i-giníníd̪í-ginít̪ɔŋɔɗɔ́nid̪ɔ́ŋɔɗɔ́niinanim̀naad̪iard̪akʊ́ɓʊ́ʊ́nínʊ́gʊ́ɓʊ́ʊ́níffanááfaɓiigiaguriɛɛrɛ

 Ọnụọgụ 
Ntụnyere ọnụọgụgụ n'asụsụ dị iche iche: 
Language12345678910Katcha (1)ŋkɔ́tɔ́ɛɛɾaíd̪ɔːnaiɡiisoit id̪úmúit id̪úmú úfúń ŋkɔ́tɔ́it id̪úmú úfúń ɛɛɾait id̪úmú úfúń íd̪ɔːnait id̪úmú úfúń iɡiisoad̪aɓaaɡaKadugli (Talla dialect) (2)ŋ́ɡɔ̀ʈɔ̀k / 'ŋ́ɡàʈɔ̀kɛ́ːràɔ̀'dɔ́ːnàí'ɡízòù'dúmːùǹ̩dɪ̀nà'nɔ́ːɡɔ̀ʈìˈmízòùdúmːúˈdɪ̀stàìˈzántàɔ̀ˈlɔ́ːnàKeigat̪ɔ́larʲáŋt̪ɔ̀nakisːot̪ʊ́mʊt̪ʊmaɲúŋɡʊaŋɗʊ́rkàabːat̪aɲuŋɡaʲamdíKrongot-yuŋwat-yáaryàt-yóotòonòt-yóocìisòàrwá-tì-nìisò (litː 'hit/beat-SGT-hand')àttì kí-tì nyúŋwáàttì kí-tì nyáaryààttì kí-tì nyóotòonòàttì kí-tì nyóocìisòàttì kí-tì n-árwá-tì-nìisoTulishi (Kamda dialect)kɔ̀ʈːɔ̀kkɑ̀ːrɑ́ʔtɔ́ːnɑ̀ʔtíːsòʔtʊ̀mːʊ̀ʔrɔ̀sːɑ̀ʔkɔ́rɖɑ́ʈːɑ̀ʔɑ̀ʈːɑ́ʔkɔ́rómɑ́dɔ̀ɓːɑ́tɔ̀ɓːɑ́ʔ

 Hụkwa 

 Ndepụta okwu Kadu (Wiktionary)

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Blench, Roger. 2006. Asụsụ Kadu na Njikọ ha: n'etiti Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo na Afro-Asiatic. Ntụle n'ime asụsụ Nilo-Saharan, akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala . Al-Amin Abu-Manga, L. Gilley & A. Storch eds. 101–127. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.

 Stevenson, Roland; Roger Blench (ed). Akwụkwọ data Kadu atụnyere .
 Reh, Mechthild. 1983. Die Krongo-Sprache (nịịnọ mó-dì): Beschreibung, Texte, Wörterverzeichnis . (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
 Schadeberg, Thilo. 1994. Ndekọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Kadu atụnyere. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 40:11–48. Mahadum Cologne.

 Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka 

 Dafalla, Rihab Yahia. 2000. Ntụnyere ụda olu nke otu asụsụ Katcha Kadugli n'Ugwu Nuba . Akwụkwọ edemede MA, Mahadum Khartoum.
 Schadeberg, Thilo C. 1981. "Nhazi nke otu asụsụ Kadugli" . Nilo-Saharan, ed. nke TC Schadeberg na M. Lionel Bender, p. 291–305. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.