Matthew Goniwe

Matthew Goniwe OLS (27 Disemba 1947 - 27 June 1985) bụ onye South Africa mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na otu n'ime The Cradock Four nke ndị uwe ojii South Africa gburu na 1985.

 Afọ ndị mbụ 
Goniwe bụ ọdụdụ nwa n'ime ụmụaka asatọ. Nne na nna ya, David na Elizabeth Goniwe, bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ma biri na ngalaba Emaqgubeni nke ochie Cradock, Eastern Cape Township. Ezinụlọ ya mechara kwaga obodo Lingelihle na 1962 ka Emaqgumeni mebiri site na Iwu Mpaghara Otu..

 Mmụta 
Goniwe gara St James Primary School na Sam Xhallie Secondary School, ebe o nwetara asambodo Junior ya. O nwetara diplọma ndị nkuzi na Mahadum Fort Hare wee laghachi na Sam Xhallie School ka ọ kuzie mgbakọ na mwepụ na sayensị. N'afọ 1958, ọ sonyeere African National Congress na n'afọ 1960, mgbe ọ na-emecha ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya, ọ sonyeere pati Kọmunist nke obodo. Ọ gara klas ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru ala nke ANC na South Africa Communist Party. Jamani Jacques Goniwe nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ ya webatara ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] N'oge a, ọ sonyekwara otu ọkpọ ọkpọ mpaghara wee bụrụ onye otu Cradock Male Voice Choir.[2] Site na 1961 ruo 1963, ọ gụchara akụkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Cradock Bantu Secondary. Site na 1964 ruo 1965, ọ dechara ọkọlọtọ matric ya na Healdtown College dị nso na Fort Beaufort wee bụrụ onye otu Moral Regeneration Movement (otu ọgbakọ ezubere ịkụnye omume n'etiti ndị na-eto eto) na nke Healdtown Church Choir.[1] Goniwe gara n'ihu n'agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Fort Hare ebe ọ nwetara diplọma onye nkuzi, nke na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, agụmakwụkwọ, physics, na kemistiri..

 Ọrụ 
Goniwe nwetara ọkwa nkuzi mbụ ya na Cradock Bantu Secondary ebe ọ kụziri mgbakọ na mwepụ na sayensị. N'afọ 1972, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya iji nweta nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na Fort Hare mana a gwara ya na a na-echekwa ohere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ kụziri obere oge na Sithebe Secondary School. N'afọ 1973, ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Holomisa na Mqanduli na Bityi Village. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị n'ụlọ ụka mebiri emebi nke o nyere aka mezigharịa. Mgbe ahụ, o guzobere atụmatụ inye nri, òtù ukwe ụlọ akwụkwọ, òtù arụmụka na ịkụ ọkpọ, klọb rugby na bọọlụ. N'afọ 1975, ọ lụrụ Nyameka onye mechara ruo eru dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Nobuzwe na Nyaniso.

 Mgbalị 
Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Goniwe bụ Reverend Canon James Calata, bụ onye guzobere na onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke South African Native National Congress. Goniwe hibere cell Marxist nke bụ otu ọgụgụ na-agụ Marxism na Communism, yana Dumisa na Lungisile Ntsebeza, Meluxolo Silinga na Michael Mgodolozi. Ha hiwere sel Marxist na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dịka Mahadum Fort Hare na n'ime obodo dịka Mkanduli, Mthatha, Whittlesea na Obodo King William. N'afọ 1975, e jidere Dumisa, Ntsebeza, Silinga, na Mgodolozi mgbe otu onye n'ime ha nyere ndị uwe ojii ozi gbasara ọrụ ha na-arụ na nzuzo. E jidere Goniwe na 19 Julaị 1976. E boro ha ebubo n'okpuru Iwu Suppression of Communism Act No 44 nke 1950 nke machibidoro South Africa Communist Party, ma nye gọọmenti ikike machibido akwụkwọ ndị na-akwalite ebumnobi nke ọchịchị Kọmunist. A kpọchiri ha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Wellington ruo n'ikpeazụ ikpe ha. A mara ha ikpe afọ anọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Mthatha ma e wezụga Mgodolozi bụ onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ.[1] Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ wee nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts site na Mahadum South Africa, na-amụba na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agụmakwụkwọ..

A tọhapụrụ Goniwe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1981. Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ onye isi ngalaba sayensị na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Nqweba High na Graaf-Reinet .  N'afọ 1983, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi na Sam Xhali Secondary na Lingelihle. N'otu afọ ahụ, a malitere Cradock Youth Association (CRADOYA) ma Goniwe ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ ya na Fort Calata, enyi na onye ọrụ ibe ya, ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ. A na-eme ngagharị iwe mbụ ha na usoro ịgbazite nke Eastern Cape Administration Board chepụtara. N'afọ 1983, Goniwe haziri nzukọ ọha na eze na ndị bi na Cradock iji kwurịta otú obodo ga-esi meghachi omume na ụgwọ dị elu. Ha guzobere Cradock Residents Association ma họpụta Goniwe dịka onyeisi oche mbụ ya. Òtù ahụ rụgidere Eastern Cape Administration Board ma belata ụgwọ ụlọ. Mgbe e guzobere United Democratic Front na 20 Ọgọst 1983, CRADORA ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị mmekọ ya.  Ọ malitekwara ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nzuzo na arịrịọ nke ANC a chụgara n'ala ọzọ. N'okpuru UDF, ọ nọ n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ụgwọ dị elu, usoro gọọmentị ime obodo (ndị isi ojii), na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Tricameral na ntuli aka ha. O duuru CRADORA gaa n'ịmepụta kọmitii okporo ámá na kọmitii mpaghara ma nke a ghọrọ nke a maara dị ka Goniwe Plan (G-Plan) nke UDF nabatara na mba ahụ. N'afọ 1983, Ngalaba Mmụta na Ọzụzụ (DET) gbalịrị ịnyefe ya na Graaff-Reinet. Ndị uwe ojii na-akpachara anya maka Goniwe na mmetụta ya dị ka onye isi na Nqweba High. Goniwe jụrụ ịnyefe ya ma chụọ ya n'ọrụ. Obodo ahụ bilitere iji kwado ya, na-ahazi mkpochapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mechara were ọnwa iri na ise ma gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ gafere Cradock. A họpụtara Goniwe ka ọ bụrụ onye nhazi ime obodo maka UDF na Machị 1984 nke mere ka ndị uwe ojii na-enyocha ya mgbe niile. Mgbe CRADOYA gasịrị, a machibidoro nzukọ ma obodo meghachiri site na ọgba aghara, nke ndị uwe ojii kwụsịrị.   Na 30 Machị 1984, e jidere Goniwe, Fort Calata, Madoda Jacobs na Mbulelo Goniwe n'ihi na a na-enyo ha enyo na ha bụ ndị na-akwalite boycott ụlọ akwụkwọ nke dugara n'ịga n'ihu na boycotts ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ime ọtụtụ obodo na South Africa. Louis le Grange bụ Minista nke Iwu na Usoro n'oge ahụ ma machibido nzukọ niile iwu ruo ọnwa atọ, na-eduga na ọgba aghara ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa nkuzi ya. A tọhapụrụ Goniwe ka a nabata ya n'ụzọ dị egwu na 10 Ọktoba 1984 ma kpọọ maka "Black Christmas", na-agbatị mkpagbu nke ụlọ ahịa ndị ọcha. Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyeere òtù Black Sash nke nyere aka na nsogbu ahụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Cradock. A kwụsịrị boycott ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1985.  N'afọ 1985, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nhazi UDF ma gaa n'ihu guzobe òtù nnwere onwe, na òtù ngalaba n'ime obodo ndị a na-emegbu. O mere nke a n'ebe iri ise na isii. Na 26 June 1985, CRADORA mere emume afọ 30 nke Freedom Charter ebe Goniwe kwuru okwu dị mkpa banyere mmalite ya na Kliptown. 

 Ogbugbu 
Na 27 Juun 1985, Goniwe, Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkhonto na Sicelo Mhlauli, ndị e mechara mara dị ka The Cradock Four, gara Port Elizabeth ịga nzukọ mpaghara nke UDF n'ime ụgbọ ala Goniwe. Ndị uwe ojii nchekwa tọọrọ ndị Cradock Four na nso Bluewater Bay obere oge ka ha si na Port Elizabeth pụọ wee gbuo ndị uwe ojii nchekwa.[1][2]. Ahụrụ Goniwe ọkụ, nke mma na gbukasịworo ahụ ọtụtụ ụbọchị ka e mesịrị.[3][4][5] E mere olili ozu maka Goniwe, Calata, Mkhonto na Mhlauli na 20 Julaị 1985 ebe Allan Boesak, Beyers Naudé na Steve Tshwete nyere isi okwu. A gụrụ ozi sitere n’aka onye isi oche nke ANC Oliver Tambo.

 Ihe ncheta 
Mgbe njedebe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na 1994, e debere Goniwe n'ụzọ dị iche iche. E hiwere Matthew Goniwe School of Leadership and Governance ka ọ bụrụ ogwe aka ọzụzụ nke Ngalaba Mmụta Gauteng, [1] na Matthew Goniwe Memorial High School ka akpọrọ aha ya. Ewubekwara ihe ncheta iji sọpụrụ The Cradock Four..

Ndị South African Democratic Teachers Union, nnukwu òtù ndị nkuzi na Southern Hemisphere, akpọkwara isi ụlọ ọrụ ya "Matthew Goniwe House" dị ka ihe nnọchianya mgbanwe iji cheta ọrụ ọ rụrụ na mgba nke ịkpụzi ndị South Africa, agụmakwụkwọ karịsịa.

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