Adamou Ndam Njoya

Adamou Ndam Njoya (8 Mee 1942 - 7 Maachị 2020) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ọka iwu, onye edemede na prọfesọ. Ọ bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ mba site na 1977 ruo 1980, yana Onye isi ala Cameroon Democratic Union ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Machị 7 2020.Nwunye ya bụ Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban, ọnọdụ ọ na-enwe kemgbe 1996. Site na 1997 ruo 2007, ọ bụ osote na National Assembly. Ọ garaghị nke ọma dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntuli aka 1992, 2004, 2011 na 2018.

 Mmụta 
A mụrụ Ndam Njoya na Njika, Foumban, West Province, Cameroon, na 8 May 1942. Ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mbụ ya na Foumban na Nkongsamba na akara ugo mmụta ya na General Leclerc College na Yaoundé. Ọ gara France maka agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu, nata nzere MA na PhD na iwu mba ụwa ọha na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Paris (Panthéon). Ndam Njoya gụrụ diplomacy na Institut International d'Administration Publique (IIAP), soro internship atọ, ya na Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke France, na French Embassy na London, na International Organisation na United Nations European ụlọ ọrụ na Geneva, tupu. laghachi Cameroon na 1969.

 Ọrụ gọọmentị 
Ndam Njoya bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ n'oge dị mkpirikpi site na 1969 ruo 1970. Ọ sonyeere ngalaba iwu na Mahadum nke Yaoundé na 1970.  Ndam Njoya rụrụ ọrụ maka Carnegie Endowment for International Peace na Cameroon dị ka onye nduzi nke mmemme ọzụzụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na 1970 ruo 1972,  nyekwara aka mepụta International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC); ọ bụ onye nduzi mbụ nke IRIC  site na 1972 ruo 1975.Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Economic and Social Council of Cameroon na 1974, wee họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi na gọọmentị akpọrọ na 30 June 1975.

Na Disemba 1977, a họpụtara Ndam Njoya dị ka Minista nke Mmụta Mba. Mgbalị ya iwebata stringency na omume n'ime usoro mmụta zutere nguzogide, karịsịa site n'aka ezinụlọ ndị bara ọgaranya Francophone bụ ndị ejiri ego mkpali na-ekpebi ihe ịga nke ọma nke ụmụ ha na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na post-primary. Na Julaị 1980, n'okpuru nrụgide dị otú ahụ, Onye isi ala Ahmadou Ahidjo wepụrụ ya dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ mba wee họpụta ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya onye isi oche maka nyocha izugbe nke steeti na mgbanwe nchịkwa, ọkwa na-enweghị ike."Cabinet Reshuffle in Cameroon" Radio Yaounde: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (19 July 1980) British Broadcasting Corporation. Na Jenụwarị 1982, Ahidjo chụpụrụ ya n'ọchịchị. 

 Ọrụ edemede 
Site na 1982 ruo 1990 Ndam Njoya lekwasịrị anya na ide na nkuzi ya yana inye oge ya maka mbọ enyemaka. Odewo n'ihe gbasara iwu, sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme, mmekọrịta mba ụwa na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana akụkụ ihe nkiri, abụ, na akụkọ ifo. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye otu Executive Bureau nke UNESCO site na 1985 ruo 1989,  ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke ndị ọka ikpe nke Grand Prix of Literary Associations 2014.

 Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ 

 Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1975) Ekpere na abụ otuto nye Chineke Ndam na Raynier, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
 Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1976) Cameroon na mmekọrịta mba ụwa Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, Paris,  ;  
 Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1977) Njoya: Onye Ndozigharị nke alaeze Bamoun  N.E.A. (New African editions), Abidjan, Ivory Coast,  ;  
 Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1982) Les Amo: nchịkọta abụ  Ndam na Raynier, Yaounde;
 Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1983) Akwụkwọ edemede nchịkwa na akwụkwọ mmekọrịta mba na mba Editions SOPECAM, Yaoundé, Cameroon;

 Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị 
Na Disemba 1990, Onye isi ala Paul Biya kwekwara ka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmegide na Cameroon ọzọ, Ndam Njoya wee malite ịkpọkọta ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere echiche mgbanwe. Na July 1991, e jidere ya na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị mmegide ndị ọzọ ruo nwa oge, ma a tọhapụrụ ya ngwa ngwa."Cameroon opposition leaders reportedly detained" Africa No. 1: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (9 July 1991) British Broadcasting Corporation. Na Septemba 1991, ọ mara ọkwa nguzobe nke Cameroon Democratic Union (Union démocratique du Cameroun, UDC), otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na nkwupụta pati ya, Ndam Njoya kwusiri ike na ikewapụ gọọmentị na nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike nke ndị ka nta. "Cameroon Democratic Union officially launched", Radio Cameroon: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (13 September 1991) British Broadcasting Corporation.

Ndam Njoya bụ onye UDC na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala na Cameroon, nke e mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992, o wee bụrụ onye nke anọ na 3.6% nke votu.  Nantang Jua, "The Power Elite, the State, and Transition Politics in Cameroon", Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences (2003), ed. Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere and John Mukum Mbaku, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 97. Na Foumban, ebe siri ike ya, ọ nwetara 59% nke votu, mana ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị na West Province, ebe ọ nwetara 68,284 n'ime 107,411 ya niile vootu (17.58% nke votu na West Provincia).Milton H. Krieger and Joseph Takougang, African State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon's Political Crossroads (2000), Westview Press, page 160.Joseph-Marie Zambo Belinga, "An explanation of electoral attitudes in Cameroon 1990–92: a new appraisal", in Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress (2005), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 51.A họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban na Jenụwarị 1996 ntuli aka ime obodo ma bụrụkwa nke a họpụtara ya na National Assembly na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu 1997 dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị UDC na Noun.

Na 13 Jenụwarị 2001, Ndam Njoya na ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ sonyere na ngagharị iwe na-akwadoghị na Yaoundé megide National Election Observatory, na-ekwenye na ọ gaghị abụ òtù na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa gbasasịa ngagharị iwe a, a nwụchiri Ndam Njoya na ndị isi pati ndị ọzọ ruo awa ise.

Na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke e mere n'ụbọchị iri na otu nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2004, ndị otu mmegide niile kwetara ịkwado otu onye na-azọ ọkwa megide Biya. Mgbe ndị otu ahụ họpụtara Ndam Njoya, John Fru Ndi wepụrụ Social Democratic Front (SDF) n'ime njikọ ahụ wee gbaa ọsọ iche. N'ihi ya, Ndam Njoya, onye na-anọchite anya njikọ aka nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nwetara naanị 4.47% nke votu,  na-etinye nke atọ n'azụ onye SDF John Fru Ndi na 17.4%; Onye isi ala Biya meriri ntuli aka ahụ na 70.9% nke votu, dịka nsonaazụ gọọmentị si dị. Dị ka ọ ghọrọ ụkpụrụ na ntuli aka Cameroon, a na-ebo ebubo "nnukwu aghụghọ"."Cameroon's Supreme Court confirms Biya's re-election", Agence France Presse, 25 October 2004. Ndam Njoya nwetara akara kachasị mma na West Province, ebe ọ meriri 16.71% nke votu.

Kemgbe afọ 2004, Ndam Njoya anọgidewo na-abụ onye isi oche nke Cameroon Democratic Union, na-ekwu okwu megide nrụrụ aka na gọọmentị ma na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka ikerịta ọrụ."Dr. Adamou Ndam Njoya : "Cameroon Still Needs Change"", Cameroon Tribune, 17 March 2005."CDU President Speaks Out", Cameroon Tribune, 9 March 2006. A họpụtara ya ọzọ maka afọ ise ọzọ dị ka onye isi oche CDU na nnọkọ nnọkọ nke Yaoundé, nke ihe dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya 3,000 bịara, na 30 Nọvemba-2 Disemba 2006; ọ dịghị onye ịma aka maka ọnọdụ ahụ.

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ugboro abụọ na National Assembly, Ndam Njoya họọrọ ịghara ịzọ ọkwa ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke July 2007. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ maka ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban  ma họpụta ya ọzọ, na-emeri Njankouo Lamere, osote minista ego. 

Ndam Njoya kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007 na aghụghọ ntuli aka emeela ka e nwee ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke na ọ nwere ike iduga n'agha obodo."Country of origin information report: Cameroon", British Border & Immigration Agency, 16 January 2008. N'ikwu okwu na 17 Disemba 2007, o gosipụtara mmegide ya na atụmatụ imezigharị iwu iji wepụ oke oge n'ọfịs onye isi ala, na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị afọ ise abụọ ka a ga-ekwe ka a mee ntuli aka onye isi ala n'okpuru usoro ịtụ vootu abụọ.

Na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Ọktọba 2011, Ndam Njoya guzoro ọzọ dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke Cameroon Democratic Union, mana enweghị nkwado sara mbara. N'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, ọ nwetara 1.73% nke votu wee bụrụ nke anọ, n'azụ John Fru Ndi (nke abụọ) na Garga Haman Adji (nke atọ). Onye isi ala Paul Biya nwetara ihe karịrị 77% nke votu. O guzoro ọzọ na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2018,  na-enweta votu 61,220, òkè 1.73% nke ngụkọta. 

Na-enweghị mmegide, a họpụtara Ndam Njoya ọzọ site na otuto dị ka onye isi oche nke UDC na 9 Mee 2016 na mgbakọ pati na Yaoundé.

 Ndụ onwe onye 
N'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ lụrụ Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya, onye ghọrọ onye isi obodo Foumban na 9 Febụwarị 2020. Ndam Njoya hapụrụ ụmụ ise.   

Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado mkparịta ụka okpukpe ma nọrọ na Board of World Religious Leaders maka The Elijah Interfaith Institute.

 Hụkwa 

 Nnukwu ihe nrite nke Òtù Ndị Na-ede Akwụkwọ

 Ihe odide 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations