Fodder

Fodder (/ ˈfɒdər/), nke a na-akpọkwa provender (/ ˈprɒvəndər/), bụ nri ugbo ọ bụla a na-eji achịkọta anụ ụlọ, dị ka ehi, oke bekee, atụrụ, ịnyịnya, ọkụkọ na ezi. "Fodder" na-ezo aka karịsịa nri a na-enye ụmụ anụmanụ (gụnyere osisi ndị a kpụrụ akpụ na-ebuga ha), karịa nke ha na-eri maka onwe ha (nke a na-akpọ nri nri). Nri nri na-agụnye ahihia, ahịhịa, silage, nri mpịakọta na pelleted, mmanụ na nri agwakọta, na ọka na mkpo ọka (dị ka agwa pulitere, malt ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụ mebere malt). Ọtụtụ nri anụmanụ sitere na osisi, mana ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agbakwunye ihe oriri na nri ndị a haziri nke sitere na anụmanụ.

The worldwide animal feed trade produced 1.245 billion tons of compound feed in 2022 according to an estimate by the International Feed Industry Federation, with an annual growth rate of about 2%. The use of agricultural land to grow feed rather than human food can be controversial (see food vs. feed); some types of feed, such as corn (maize), can also serve as human food; those that cannot, such as grassland grass, may be grown on land that can be used for crops consumed by humans. In many cases the production of grass for cattle fodder is a valuable intercrop between crops for human consumption, because it builds the organic matter in the soil.[citation needed] When evaluating if this soil organic matter increase mitigates climate change, both permanency of the added organic matter as well as emissions produced during use of the fodder product have to be taken into account.[<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span>] Some agricultural byproducts fed to animals may be considered unsavory by humans.

 Osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị a na-akụ maka nri 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Akara ahịhịa gbara gburugburu
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Nchịkọta ụgbụgbọ mmiri Newton nke Cawdor, nri na-esi ísì ụtọ echekwara maka oge oyi

 Alfalfa (lucerne) 
 Barley
 Akpụkpọ anụ a na-ahụkarị
 Ụkwụ nnụnụ
 Brassica spp. 
 Kale
 Rapeseed (canola) 
 Rutabaga (Swedish) 
 Turnip
 Clover
 Ihe osise Alsike
 Clover na-acha ọbara ọbara
 Clover dị n'okpuru ala
 Clover ọcha
 Ahịhịa
 Ahịhịa Bermuda
 Ịkpa ọchị
 Ahịhịa oat adịgboroja
 Fescue
 Ahịhịa ahịhịa
 Ahịhịa ahịhịa (site na ahịhịhịa agwakọta) 
 Ahịhịa mkpụrụ osisi
 Ryegrass
 Ahịhịa Timoti
 Mkpụrụ ọka
 Millet
 Oats
 Sorghum
 Soya
 Osisi (osisi Pollard maka "osisi-hay") 
 Ọka wit


 Ụdị 

 Biochar maka ehi
 Bran
 Osisi ndị a na-echekwa maka nri: hay na silage
 Nri na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe, nke a na-akpọkarị pellets, mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ (ụmụ ehi) achịcha
 Ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ: stover, copra, ahịhịa, chaff, shuga beet waste
 Nri azụ̀
 ahịhịa a ka gbuturu ọhụrụ na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ
 Ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na-egbutu ahịhịhịa 
 Mkpụrụ ọka na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
 sorghum na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
 Gram ịnyịnya
 Akwụkwọ osisi ụfọdụ
 Nri anụ na ọkpụkpụ (nke iwu na-akwadoghị ugbu a na nri ehi na atụrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke BSE) 
 Mkpụrụ osisi molasses
 Ahịhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
 Mkpụrụ mmanụ (cottose, safflower, sunflower, soybean, ahụekere ma ọ bụ groundnut) 
 Oligosaccharides
 Ụmụ ahụhụ a na-edozi edozi (ya bụ, igurube a na-edezi edozi ) 
 Seaweed (gụnyere Asparagopsis taxiformis nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka mgbakwunye iji belata ikuku methane ruo 90%) 
 Mkpụrụ na ọka, ma ọ bụ zuru ezu ma ọ bụ kwadebere site na ịpịsị, ịpị, wdg.
 Single cell protein  (a pụkwara iji CO2 ikuku mee ya) 
 Mkpụrụ osisi na legumes a kụrụ akụ
 Ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ya

 Nchegbu ahụike 
N'oge gara aga, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, ma ọ bụ "ọrịa ehi na-agba ara") gbasara site na ntinye anụ aru na nri ọkpụkpụ na nri ehi n'ihi mmetọ prion. Ugbu a amachibidoro omume a n'ọtụtụ mba ebe o mere. Ụfọdụ anụmanụ nwere ntachi obi dị ala maka nri nri emebi emebi ma ọ bụ nke ebu karịa ndị ọzọ, na ụfọdụ ụdị ebu, nsị, ma ọ bụ ahịhịa na-egbu egbu na-agwakọtaghị ya na ebe nri nwere ike ịkpata mfu akụ na ụba n'ihi ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnwụ nke anụmanụ. Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ahụike na ọrụ mmadụ na United States na-ahazi ọgwụ ndị dị n'ụdị ntụziaka nri anụmanụ nke nwere ike ịdị na nri anụ ụlọ azụmahịa.

 Oké ọkọchị 
Ịbawanye ike na ugboro ole ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ọrụ ugbo nọrọ n'okpuru nrụgide n'ebe ndị kpọrọ nkụ na ebe ndị kpọrọ nká. A kọọrọ echiche ọhụrụ nke mmepụta nri anụ ụlọ mberede, dị ka mmepụta nri ehi sitere na ọhịa na Namibia. N'oge ọkọchị dị ogologo, ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ejirila eriri osisi sitere na osisi dị ka isi ihe na-enye ha nri ehi, na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na mpaghara yana imeziwanye ụtọ.   

 Mmepụta nke mkpụrụ osisi ndị e gbuturu dị ka nri 
Fodder n'ụdị mkpụrụ ọka na-eto eto dị ka ọka bali, na legumes nwere ike ịzụlite na obere na nnukwu.

Systems have been developed recently that allow for many tons of sprouts to be produced each day, year round. Sprouted grains can significantly increase the nutritional value of the grain compared with feeding the ungerminated grain to stock.  In addition, they use less water than traditional forage, making them ideal for drought conditions.  Sprouted barley and other cereal grains can be grown hydroponically in a carefully-controlled environment. Hydroponically-grown sprouted fodder at  tall with a  root mat is at its peak for animal feed. 

Ọ bụ ezie na ngwaahịa ndị dị ka ọka bali bụ ọka, mgbe ha gburu, American Grassfed Association kwadoro ha ka ha jiri ya mee ihe dị ka nri anụ ụlọ.   [citation needed]

 Hụkwa 


 Cannon fodder (iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ ihe atụ) 
 Ọrụ ugbo gburugburu
 Ọrụ ugbo n'ụlọ ọrụ
 Nhazi nri
 Usoro nri
 Ebe ịta ahịhịa

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