David Courlander

David Courlander (Septemba 10, 1866 - June 12, 1961) bụ onye omenkà na-eme onwe ya ("mgbe ochie") onye na-ese ihe nkiri ndụ America kwa ụbọchị.  Ọ ahụmahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 85 (ọ ndụ ruo afọ 94).  Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ọrụ ya na-ebi ugbu a na nchịkọta na-agwụ ike nke Smithsonian American Art Museum ma tinye ya n'ihu ọha dị iche nke ihe ngosi nka dị iche iche Smithsonian..    

 Ndụ mbido 
Amuru David Courlander na Bay City, Michigan na September 10, 1866. Ezin LED Courlander kwagara Detroit n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebe ha bi na Gratiot Avenue (nke Courlander ngwaọrụ dị ka okporo ụzọ apịtị nwere okporo ụzọ osisi).  Mgbe ọ bụ nwa, Courlander onye ọrụ na ụlọ ajịjịji izugbe na Frankfort Station, Illinois, ma ikike ọrụ na Kansas City na obodo ndị ọzọ Midwwest dị ka onye na-akwa windo.  O nwera nguzobe akwa nke nwoke na Indianapolis [1] na n'oge Agha mmetụta Mbụ, kwagara (ya na-egosi ya, onye bụbu Tillie Oppenheim, na ụmụ ha atọ) gaa Detroit.  N'oge mkpa mba n'obi nke 1930s, mgbe gosipụtara ya nwụsịrị, ya na nwa ya akara, Adelaide, na ebe ya biri n'ugbo dị nso na Romeo, Michigan .  

 Ezinụlọ 
David Courlander bụ nwa nke isiokwu ndị Juu, Aaron Jacob Courlander (akpa na Mitau, Courland, Latvia nke oge a) na Adelaide Hirsch (akpa na Barweiler, Germany).  David Courlander nwere ajụ anọ: Anna, Etta, Bertha, na Julia;  otu nwa-nne, Ilai;  na otu ọkara nwanne nwoke amara ama, Israel Harris Courlander.  David gosipụtara Tillie Oppenheim na 1895 na ha nwere akara ngosi abụọ, Adelaide Courlander (a onyonyo Frane) na Berthe Courlander (a onyonyo Langer, mgbe ahụ Nichols);  na otu nwa nwoke, Harold Courlander. 

 Ọrụ eserese 
Courlander nsogbu na 1952 mgbe ọ dị afọ 85 wee gaa n'ihu ruo ụnwayọ ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya na 1961. [1] Courlander gosiri ihe osise ya (ma ịbụ na agba mmiri) n'ebe dị iche iche obodo dị.  na Detroit, na 1953 nwere ihe ngosi otu nwoke na Associated American Artists gallery na New York.  [2] Reeves Lewenthal, onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, kwuru na ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọmụmụ ihe mere eme nke gallery ọrụ onye nka na-agụghị akwụkwọ ruru eru maka ihe ngosi dị otú ahụ.  Lewenthal kwuru, "[Courlander] bụ ndị oge ochie nke na-ese ihe site na ebe nchekwa. O nwere ike ihe iche nke ya. Ọ nọ n'otu ọkwa nke nne Moses . Ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ ihe ihe.  a na-ahụkebe na ụwa nka."  [3] N'ezie, ndị nta nchọpụta Detroit Courlander nke ọma "Nna Moses";  oge ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ ya "Grandpa Courlander nke Michigan."  [4] [5] Ihe osise Courlander odida obodo, ndụ ndụ, ihe nkiri obodo, na mmemme ihe mere eme na ndịrechi.  Okwu Courlander dị iche iche iche iche, sitere na ihe nkiri ugbo nke 1870 ruo St. Patrick Day parades, ihe nkiri egwuregwu, azụ azụ na ugwu nke Michigan na Indiana, ihe nkiri nkiri azụ, ịgba egwu, na ihe nkiri nke  Chicago tupu 1900. [6] N'ịgbaso ihe ngosi mbụ ya na-aga nke ọma, Courlander dọtara akara dị ukwuu na ngwaọrụ ya na veranda ndị ọzọ na New York, New Jersey, na Michigan.  N'afọ 1958, fotora ọtụtụ ihe ọrụ ya maka ihe ngosi nlegharị anya mba nke Smithsonian Institution nke ndị Artist Primitive America.  Eserese nke David Courlander dị ugbu a na nchịkọta nka na-adịgide adịgide nke Smithsonian Institution, na Smithsonian American Art Museum [7] na National Museum of American History sere ihe ọrụ ya.

 Ihe ngosi nka 

 Smithsonian Institution 's National Museum of American Art (ihe ngosi nka akpọrọ Smithsonian Museum of American Art ), "N'ụzọ nke Ha," 1981. 
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke National Smithsonian Institute of American History, Granite Gallery, 1983.
 Ụlọ ọrụ Smithsonian 's American Primitive Paintings Traveling Exhibition, 1958.
 Kundig Center, Detroit, Michigan, ihe dịka 1953.
 Associated American Artists, New York, NY, 1953.
 Ụlọ ọrụ Detroit nke Arts, ihe ngosi kwa afọ maka ndị na-ese ihe na Michigan, 1954.
 Rabin na Krueger Gallery, Newark, NJ, 1954.
 Ihe ngosi Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze New York, 1956.
 Alaka Mile Iri Ndị Juu, Detroit, MI, 1956.
 Ihe ngosi nke ndị nka afọ nke abụọ, Temple Israel Sisterhood, Detroit, MI, 1958.
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi "G", New York, NY, 1958.

 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na nchịkọta pụrụ iche 

 Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC.
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke National Smithsonian Institute of American History, Washington, DC.
 Mugar Memorial Library, Ngalaba Nchịkọta Pụrụ Iche, Boston, MA.
 Mahadum nke Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI.
 New Mexico Museum of Fine Arts, Santa Fe, NM.
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM.

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