Wharton Esherick

Wharton Esherick (Julaị 15, 1887 - Mee 6, 1970) bụ onye ọkpụ akpụ America onye ọrụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ime osisi, anyị na-etinye ihe nke ọkpụkpụ n'ihe eji eme ihe.  N'ihi ya, a mara ya nke ọma maka ngwá ụlọ na ngwá ụlọ ya.  Ndị ụgbọ ya egwuregwu Esherick n'oge ndụ ya dị ka "dean nke ndị omenkà America" ​​[1] maka iduzi ya n'ị laha laha na- agbata omenala yana ịgba ume ma na-akpali ndị na-ese ihe na ndị omenkà site n  'ihe atụ.  egwuregwu Esherick sere n'ọnụ ndị omenkà nke oge a, anyị na Studio Craft Movement.  [2] Ndị ezinụlọ ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri dị na Malvern, Pennsylvania, bụ nke Wharton Esherick Museum, nke akwụkwọ dị ka National Historic Landmark 1993.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
Amụrụ na Philadelphia, Esherick akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art (ugbu a Mahadum Arts ) na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts .  [1] Ọ ngosi Leticia Nofer (1892–1975) na 1912. N'afọ 1913, di na ahụ nke ahụ kwagara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ dị nso na Malvern, Pennsylvania, na-ahụ ọrụ ọrụ ya, na-akọ nri nke ha,  na ụmụ ha dị ka ụkpụrụ nke usoro na-aga n'ihu siri dị .  Ha batara n'ime usoro nhọrọ na-aga n'ihu mgbe ha na-eleta Marietta Johnson School of Organic Education na Fairhope, Alabama, na 1919. Ọ bụ Marietta Johnson bụ onye mbụ mbụ nke Esherick ihe ọkpụkpụ osisi.  Ọhụ okpohụkolo agba maka ihe ọrụ ya n'afọ 1920, bụ nke butere n'ịkpụ osisi na n'ikpeazụ ọ kpụrụ akpụ.

 Arụ ụlọ mbụ Esherick site n'ụdị nka na nka wee pụta mma site n'ịkpụ ihe n'elu.  N'ọgwụ afọ 1920 ọ gbahapụrụ ndụ n'elu ngwá ụlọ ya, na-achọ anya kama n'ụdị ọcha nke dị ka ọkpụkpụ.  N'afọ 1930, ọ na-ahụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na arịa ụlọ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Rudolf Steiner na-emetụta, yana German Expressionism na Cubism .  The angular na prismatic ụdị nke abụọ ikpeazụ nyere nyere ụzọ free-ụdị curvilinear shapes nke kasị mara ya.  Ọrụ ya bụkwa nke ihe ndị ọrụ na-ahụ nka na 1932 Summer Olympics .

Site na ngwá ụlọ na ụlọ ụlọ, ọ gara n'ihu ruo n'ime ime ụlọ, ihe omume ama bụ Curtis Bok House (1935-37).  [1] Ọ bụ ebe na a kwaturu ụlọ ahụ na 1989, a irera ọrụ Esherick na ọkụ ọkụ na ọnụ ụlọ ụlọ dị n'ụdị ya nwere ike ịhụ na Philadelphia Museum of Art, na steepụ ụlọ dị na Wolfsonian Museum na Miami,  Florida.

N'afọ 1940, onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ George Howe jiri Esherick's Spiral Stair (1930) na ngwá ụlọ Esherick akwụkwọ ihe ngosi "Pennsylvania Hill House" na New York World's Fair "America at Home" Pavilion.  Edere ọrụ Esherick na 1958 nlegharị anya na Museum of Contemporary Craft na ihe ngosi 1972 "Woodenworks" na Renwick Gallery .  O ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro n'oge ndụ ya, na ọrụ dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Whitney Museum, Museum of Fine Arts of Boston .  na ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie na veranda ndị ọzọ.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya ka dị n'aka .

Ndị mmụọ ya na ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ikike Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, bụ nnukwu ihe osise ya.  Ndị nke ndị ahụ egwu ihe nke afọ iri anọ ka Esherick bi na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ.  Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na studio ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1970. N'afọ 1972, agbanwere ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ na Wharton Esherick Museum.  [1] Ngwongwo ahụ, nke a mara dị ka Wharton Esherick Studio, ka ekwuputara ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi obodo na 1993. Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Diamond Rock, nke ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ihe ọrụ Esherick n'oge 1920s, bụ nke Wharton Esherick Museum.  ike na 2019. 

Esherick bụ nna Ruth Bascom (nwunye onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ Mansfield Bascom, [1] curator emeritus nke Wharton Esherick Museum) na nwanne nna nke onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ America Joseph Esherick .

 Hụkwa 

 Ụlọ Margaret Esherick, nke nwere kichin Wharton Esherick mere
 Wharton Esherick Museum

 Ntụaka 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Bascom, Mansfield, Wharton Esherick: Njem nke uche okike, New York, Abrams, 2010,  .
 Clark, Emily, Stuffed Peacocks, nke Emily Clark dere; Osisi sitere na Wharton Esherick, New York, London, Knopf, 1927.
 Eisenhauer, Paul, ed. , Wharton Esherick's Illuminated and Illustrated Song of the Broad-Axe nke Walt Whitman, Atglen, Pennsylvania, Schiffer Publishing, 2011.
 Eisenhauer, Paul, na Lynne Farrington, ed. , Wharton Esherick na ọmụmụ nke American Modern, Atglen, Pennsylvania, Schiffer Publishing, 2010.
 Esherick, Wharton, na Gene Rochberg, Ihe osise nke Wharton Esherick, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1978.
 Ụlọ ihe nkiri Renwick, Ọrụ osisi; Ihe eji arụ ụlọ nke ndị ọrụ nka ise nke oge a: George Nakashima, Sam Maloof, Wharton Esherick, Arthur Espenet Carpenter, Wendell Castle, St. Paul, Minnesota Museum of Art, 1972.
 Silverman, Sharon Hernes, "Ahụhụ Maka Osisi", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 23, mba. 4, 1997.
 Wharton Esherick Museum, Wharton Esherick Museum, Studio na mkpokọta, Paoli, Pennsylvania, Wharton Esherick Museum, 1977.
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Wharton Esherick, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Wharton Esherick, Studio na mkpokọta, 3rd ed. , Atglen, Pennsylvania, Schiffer Publishing, 2010.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị nke Wharton Esherick Museum