Cecil J. Williams

Cecil J. Williams (amuru na Nọvemba 26, 1937) bu onye foto America, onye nbipute, onye ode akwukwo na onye okike nke foto ya dekọtara ngagharị ikike obodo na South Carolina malitere na 1950s.

Ọ malitere ọrụ ya mgbe ọ dị obere, na-ese foto agbamakwụkwọ na nnọkọ ezinụlọ. Ọ gụrụ nka na Mahadum Claflin, ebe ọ bụkwa onye na-ese foto maka mahadum.

E bipụtala ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ narị akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na ihe nkiri telivishọn. Egosipụtala foto ya na nka ya n'ime veranda dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. 

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Cecil Williams South Carolina na obodo ya nke Orangeburg, South Carolina nwere ọtụtụ narị foto ikike obodo ya maka mbipụta mba. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka lekwasịrị anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme o weghaara na South Carolina.

 Akụkọ ndụ 
Cecil J. Williams mụrụ na Nọvemba 26, 1937, ma tolite na Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ nke Ethel na Cecil L. Willams. Nne na nna ya abụọ agwakọtara agbụrụ ndị Africa na America; akụkụ nne ya bụ ọkara ọcha, na ọkara nna ya bụ nwa amaala America. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Ethel Williams ji ndụ ya niile dị ka onye nkuzi raara onwe ya nye, na-akụzi ihe na elementrị, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na kọleji. Cecil L. Williams bụ onye na-akwa akwa na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya, yana ndị ahịa na-acha ọcha ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 80%. Ọ mere mgbanwe maka ụlọ ahịa ogbe ndịda dị ka Belk-Hudson, Barshay Marcus Clothing Store, na Limehouse Men's Stores. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Williams nyeere nna ya aka n'azụmahịa ya site na-ebuga uwe ndị ahụ n'ụlọ ahịa mgbe ha gwụchara, ma na njedebe nke izu ahụ na-enyefe ego ma nakọta ego maka ọrụ nna ya. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 9, Williams nwetara onyinye nke gbanwere ụzọ ndụ ya. Nne ya nyere nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye igwefoto, mana ọ gara n'ihu na-enwe mmasị na egwu na saxophone, nke mere ka ọ nyefee igwefoto n'aka Williams. Kodak Baby Brownie bụ igwefoto mbụ ọ ga-enwe, nke ọ ka nwere, nke ka na-arụkwa ọrụ. Nke a bụ mmalite nke mmasị ọhụrụ, ma mesịa jiri ụlọ ime ụlọ agbakwunyere n'ụlọ ezinaụlọ ahụ dị ka ọnụ ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị iji mepụta ihe na-adịghị mma. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Ọ malitere ịse ndị mmadụ foto ụbọchị Sọnde mgbe ndị mmadụ na-eji ejiji kacha mma. Ka ọ nọ na-ese foto, ọ malitere ịghọta na ya nwere ike ịkpata ego na nke a. Ọ malitere ịkpata otu dollar ma ọ bụ abụọ site n'ịse foto ndị mmadụ n'ogige Edisto dị n'ógbè ahụ. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, o sere foto agbamakwụkwọ mbụ ya. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Mgbe Williams dị afọ 12, onye ndụmọdụ ya, EC Jones si Sumter, South Carolina, gwara ya ka o see foto nke ụka nke Clarendon County, nke mere na-ejide ezinụlọ nke DeLaine na ezinụlọ Pearson sitere na arịrịọ Briggs v. Elliott . Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Williams eseela nnukwu mbọ ntọhapụ na South Carolina kemgbe 1950s. Ụfọdụ n'ime foto ya a ma ama bụ ihe omume n'oge ikpe Briggs v. Elliott na Summerton . Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ikpe ise a na-akwali ime ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na United States. Okwu ise ahụ jikọtara na Brown v. Board of Education, ikpe 1954 US Supreme Court nke kwupụtara na inwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze "iche ma ha nhata" maka ndị ọcha na ndị ojii bụ ihe megidere iwu.

N’ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2023, nrọ Williams nke inweta nlebara anya na njide nke aha ahụ, Briggs v. Elliott,” bụ́ ebe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States kpọrọ aha klas action suit—Brown v. Board of Education— suit nke nwere ikpe ise— mechara nweta ụfọdụ. traction. Ọ rịọrọ enyemaka Dr. Thomas Mullikin—onye ọka iwu nke na-eme iwu na Camden, South Carolina—ka o nyere aka n'itinye akwụkwọ mkpesa n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na-arịọ ka a kpọgharịa okwu ikpe Brown na Bragg v. Elliott; nke mbụ n'ime ikpe na ihe na-akpali akpali nke kpaliri 4 ndị ọzọ suut. Enwetabeghị nzaghachi.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Williams bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese foto 25 gburugburu ụwa na-akwụ ụgwọ maka magazin JET . JET jidere ifufe nke mmegharị ahụ na-eto na Orangeburg. Ha chọrọ onye nta akụkọ nọ na saịtị maka mmelite mgbe niile, yana onye ga-edekọ ihe omume ahụ. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Naanị oge ọrụ Williams pụtara na mkpuchi nke JET bụ foto ya nke Coretta Scott King na-ekwu okwu na mkpesa n'oge 1969 ọrụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ Charleston. 

Dị ka onye na-eto eto ọkachamara, o tinyekwara aka na mbipụta ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Baltimore Afro-American, Associated Press, na Pittsburgh Courier .

Na Jenụwarị 1960, n'oge afọ Williams na Mahadum Claflin, ọ na-eleta ndị ikwu na New York City. Ọ gụọla na John F. Kennedy ga-anọ n'otu ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ogbe ndịda na ogbako ndị nta akụkọ, wee gaa ebe ahụ na-atụ anya iwere ụfọdụ ihe oyiyi. Ọ chefuru akwụkwọ nta akụkọ ya, na nchekwa ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-achọ ịchụpụ ya n'ọnụ ụlọ kpọmkwem ka Kennedy na-achọ ịgbago n'elu ikpo okwu. Kennedy gwara ha ka ha ghara ịchụpụ ya, wee nye Williams adreesị nke ya. N'afọ sochirinụ, mgbe ọ na-eme mkpọsa na United States niile, Williams ghọrọ ezigbo enyi Kennedy, na otu n'ime ndị na-ese foto kacha amasị ya.  Williams bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ka anabatara n'ụgbọelu oche iri nke Kennedy. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Claflin na 1960 na nzere bachelọ na nka. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru onye na-ese ihe na onye ọkpụkpụ Arthur Rose Sr. ebe ahụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na amara nke ọma maka ịse foto, eserese Williams, nka, eserese, na ihe nrụgharị ụlọ na-anọchite anya nka, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị obere. Ọ bụ ezie na n'oge ahụ, n'ihi agbụrụ ya, a machibidoro ya ịga Mahadum Clemson na steeti ya iji mụọ ihe owuwu ụlọ, o chepụtara atụmatụ maka ọtụtụ ebe obibi; otu n'ime ya e gosipụtara na mbipụta June 1977 nke Ebony ; "Space Age Home". 

Ọ dekọkwara ntọhapụ Harvey Gantt nke Mahadum Clemson na 1963, iku ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ Charleston nke 1969, yana mgbuchapụ 1968 Orangeburg . Mgbuchapụ a gụnyere ndị South Carolina Highway Patrol gbagburu ma gbuo ụmụ nwoke Africa atọ ma merụọ ụmụ akwụkwọ 27 ndị ọzọ na Mahadum South Carolina . 

Williams rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka ngalaba South Carolina nke NAACP, South Carolina State University, Mahadum Claflin, na National Conference of Black Mayors, Inc. maka ihe karịrị afọ 20, malite na 1960. 

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, dị ka Mahadum Claflin, Mahadum South Carolina, Columbia Museum of Art, University Clemson, College Columbia, University Furman, Rice Museum na Georgetown, South Carolina State University, na Museum of the New South na Charlotte. 

Williams gbara ọsọ dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro na South Carolina Democratic Party na-eduga na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu United States na 1984 na South Carolina . Ọ bụ onye isi ojii nke abụọ mere nke a na steeti ahụ. Ọ meriri n'ọsọ nso Melvin Purvis. Ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ dịka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi na Democratic Primary tupu ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu United States na South Carolina 1996 . Ọ meriri Elliott Springs Close.

N'afọ 2015, Williams chepụtara FilmToaster, ikpo okwu nyocha igwefoto na sistemụ na-emezi ihe nkiri na-adịghị mma ngwa ngwa karịa ụzọ ndị ọzọ.  Na 2019–2020, na mmekorita ya na Barry na Peggy Goldwater Foundation, akwụkwọ akụkọ Arizona Highways na Scottsdale's Museum of the West, foto nke Barry Goldwater nọ na ngosi. Ndị FilmToaster bipụtara foto niile. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

Williams nwere ụlọ ihe osise eserese, mmemme na azụmahịa foto agbamakwụkwọ dabere na Orangeburg, South Carolina. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Nchekwa akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Claflin. Ọ bụ onye ntinye aka na onye na-ese foto Getty Images . Ọ na-agagharịkwa mba ahụ na-enye ihe ngosi na nnọkọ, ihe omume na ụlọ ọrụ gbasara ọrụ ya n'oge mmegharị ikike obodo.  Ọ bụ onye otu American Society of Media Photographers. 

 Ndụ onwe onye 
Ọ na Delta Chi nwere otu, Orangeburg, South Carolina Boulé  nke Sigma Pi Phi, ndị otu ndị America-America kacha ochie. 

Williams bi na Orangeburg, South Carolina. Ọ lụrụ Barbara Johnson Williams, onye nkuzi ezumike nka.  Ha zutere mgbe Barbara na-aga kọleji, ọ bụkwa onye na-ese foto mahadum. Na-agafe foto ochie, ha chọpụtara na mgbe Barbara nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Williams esere foto ya, n'amaghị onye ọ bụ. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka 
N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2019, Williams mepere Cecil Williams South Carolina Civil Rights Museum iji weba ọtụtụ narị onyonyo na arịa sitere na ngagharị ikike obodo.  Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị ka ụlọ nke oge a nke Williams mere onwe ya na 1983, afọ 36 tupu ya emee ya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ya.  Isiokwu nke ihe ngosi nka bụ "Ihe omume South Carolina nke gbanwere America". Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ga-abụkwa okpukpu abụọ ka etiti obodo. Williams, Cecil. Personal interview. 5, May 2019.

 Hụkwa 

 Akụkọ Oral (June 2011)
 Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese foto nke mmegharị ikike obodo

 Ntụaka 
agbamakwụkwọ dabere na Orangeburg, South Carolina. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Nchekwa akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Claflin. Ọ bụ onye ntinye aka na onye na-ese foto Getty Images . Ọ na-agagharịkwa mba ahụ na-enye ihe ngosi na nnọkọ, ihe omume na ụlọ ọrụ gbasara ọrụ ya n'oge mmegharị ikike obodo.  ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 80%. Ọ mere mgbanwe maka ụlọ ahịa ogbe ndịda dị ka Belk-Hudson, Barshay Marcus Clothing StoreỌ bụ onye otu American Society of

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