Acre

Acre (/ ˈeɪkər/ AY-kər) bụ mpaghara ala ejiri mee ihe na alaeze ukwu Britain na usoro ọdịnala United States. A kọwapụtara ya na omenala dị ka mpaghara otu yinye site na otu furlong (66 site na 660 ụkwụ), nke hà nhata kpọmkwem n'agbụ square 10,  1⁄640 nke maịlụ square, 4,840 square yards, ma ọ bụ 43,560 square ụkwụ, na ihe dị ka 4,047 m2 , ma ọ bụ ihe dịka 40% nke hectare. Dabere na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa na paụnd nke 1959, enwere ike ikwuwapụta otu acre dịka square mita 4,046.8564224. A na-akpọkarị acre acre mgbe ụfọdụ mana a na-asụgharịkarị ya dị ka okwu acre. 

Na omenala, na Middle Ages, acre ka a tụrụ ime dị ka mpaghara ala nke otu nwoke nwere ike iji otu ìgwè ehi asatọ kọọ n'otu ụbọchị..

Acre ka bụ ihe iwu kwadoro na United States. A na-eji acre mba ụwa na acre nyocha US, mana ha dị iche na naanị akụkụ anọ kwa nde (lee n'okpuru). Ihe a na-ejikarị acre eme ihe bụ iji tụọ traktị ala.

A na-eji acre eme ihe n'ọtụtụ mba ndị e guzobere na ndị bụbu Commonwealth of Nations site na omenala. N'ime ole na ole, ọ na-aga n'ihu dị ka iwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kemgbe 2010 na UK, ọ bụghịkwa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ na Australia, New Zealand, na South Africa. N'ọtụtụ ebe ebe ọ bụghị usoro iwu, ọ ka bụ iwu "iji ya eme ihe maka azụmahịa" ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ya dị ka ozi mgbakwunye ma anaghị eji ya maka Ndebanye aha ala.

 Nkọwa 
Otu acre bụ  (0.0015625 square mile, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet, ma ọ bụ ihe dịka 4,047   ) (lee n'okpuru).  Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị niile nke oge a nke acre nwere 4,840 square yards, enwere nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke ogige, yabụ kpọmkwem nha nke ogige dabere na otu ogige nke ọ dabeere na ya. Na mbụ, a ghọtara otu acre dị ka ala dị n'ogologo iri anọ (660 ft, ma ọ bụ 1 furlong) ogologo na anọ perches (66 ft) n'obosara;  nke a nwekwara ike ịghọta dị ka ihe atụ nke oke ala yoke ehi nwere ike ịkọ n'otu ụbọchị (a furlong bụ "ogologo").    Ogige na-ekpuchi otu acre bụ ihe dịka 69.57 yards, ma ọ bụ 208 feet 9 inches (63.61 mita), n'otu akụkụ.    Dị ka unit nke nha, otu acre enweghị ọdịdị a kapịrị ọnụ; mpaghara ọ bụla nke 43,560 square feet bụ otu acre.

 Ubi nyocha US 
Na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nke 1959, United States na mba ise nke Commonwealth of Nations kọwara ogige mba ụwa ka ọ bụrụ mita 0.9144. Ndị ọchịchị US kpebiri na, ọ bụ ezie na nkọwa a nụchara anụcha ga-emetụta mba niile n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ niile, Ụkwụ nyocha US (ya mere mpaghara nyocha) ga-aga n'ihu 'ruo oge dị otú ahụ ka ọ na-aghọ ihe a na-achọsi ike ma dị mfe idozi '.[it] Site na nkwubi okwu, enwere ike ịgbakọ "acre mba ụwa" dịka square mita 4,046.8564224 mana ọ nweghị ihe ndabere na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ọ bụla.

Ma acre mba ụwa na US survey acre nwere  nke square mile ma ọ bụ 4,840 square yards, mana a na-eji nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke ogige (lee ụkwụ nyocha na Ogige nyocha), yabụ kpọmkwem nha nke ogige dabere na ogige nke ọ dabeere na ya.  US nnyocha acre bụ ihe dị ka 4,046.872 square mita; ọnụ ahịa ya kpọmkwem (4046+13,525,426/15,499,969 m2) dabeere na sentimita akọwapụtara site na 1 mita = 39.37 sentimita kpọmkwem, dịka Mendenhall Order nke 1893 si kwuo.     Ndị na-enyocha ihe na United States na-eji ụkwụ mba ụwa na nke nyocha, n'ihi ya, ụdị abụọ nke acre.National Geodetic Survey, (January 1991), Policy of the National Geodetic Survey Concerning Units of Measure for the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti US survey acre na mba ụwa acre (0.016 square mita, 160 square centimeters ma ọ bụ 24.8 square sentimita), bụ naanị ihe dịka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke nha nke Mpempe akwụkwọ A4 ma ọ bụ Akwụkwọ ozi US, ọ naghị adịkarị mkpa nke a na-atụle. A naghị atụle mpaghara n'ụzọ ziri ezi maka nkọwa dị iche iche ka a chọpụta.Minimum Standard Detail Requirements For ALTA/NSPS Land Title Surveys. Federick, MD: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. 2021. [The stated maximum allowable "precision" (page 2) is 2 cm and 50 parts per million. An instrument consistently measuring 2 cm short would measure the area of a one international acre square, 63.614907 m on a side, as 4044.3 square metres, 2.6 square metres less than the true value, a far greater discrepancy than the difference between the international and survey acres.]

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, US National Geodetic Survey na National Institute of Standards and Technology kwupụtara ebumnuche ha jikọrọ aka ịkwụsị "n'oge" nke US nyocha ụkwụ, mile, na acre (dị ka mkpebi ha nke afọ 1959 nyere ikike, n'elu), site na njedebe nke afọ 2022.

 Mpaghara Spanish 
A na-akpọ cuerda Puerto Rican (0.39 hectare; 0.97 acres) mgbe ụfọdụ "Spanish acre" na kọntinent United States.Units: C: cuerda. Russ Rowlett. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

 Ojiji 
A na-ejikarị acre eme ihe n'ọtụtụ mba Commonwealth ugbu a na nke gara aga site na omenala, na ole na ole ọ na-aga n'ihu dị ka usoro iwu. Ndị a gụnyere Antigua na Barbuda,  Samoa" id="mwfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Samoa">American Samoa,  Bahamas,  Belize,  British Virgin Islands, , Canada, [4] Dominica, [5] Falkland Islands, [5] Grenada, [5] Ghana, [5] Guam, [5] Northern Mariana Islands, [5] Jamaica, [5] Montserrat, [5] Samoa, [5] Saint Lucia, [5] St. Helena, [5] St., [5] St. Kitts na Nevis, [5] St, [5] Turks na Caicos, [5] United Kingdom, [5] United States na US Virgin Islands

 Republic nke Ireland 
Na Republic of Ireland, a na-eji hekta eme ihe n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'okpuru ntụziaka Europe; Otú ọ dị, a ka na-eji acre eme ihe n"ọtụtụ ebe, ọkachasị n'ọrụ ugbo.  (Nke a bụ ọkọlọtọ iwu, otu ihe ahụ e ji mee ihe na UK, ọ bụghị Irish ochie nke nwere nha dị iche.)   

 Obodo India 
Na Republic of India, a na-atụle ala obibi na square feet ma ọ bụ square mita, ebe a na-eji ala ugbo atụle na acres. Na Sri Lanka, nkewa nke otu acre n'ime 160 perches ma ọ bụ 4 Roods bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.  

Na Pakistan, a na-atụle ala obibi na kanal (20 marla = 1 kanal = 500 sq yards) na nha ala mepere emepe / ọrụ ugbo dị na acres (8 kanal = 1 acre ma ọ bụ 4 Peeji = 1 acire) na muraba (25 acres = 1 muraba = 200 kanal), jerib, wiswa na gunta.    [citation needed]

 United Kingdom 
A kwụsịrị ikwe ka o jiri ya mee ihe dị ka isi maka azụmahịa na United Kingdom site na 1 Ọktoba 1995, n'ihi mmezigharị 1994 nke Weights and Measures Act,  ebe e ji hekta dochie ya - ọ bụ ezie na a na-enye ohere iji ya mee ihe ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.    Nke a bụ na nnwere onwe nke Ndebanye aha ala, The Weights and Measures Act 1985 (Metrication) (Amendment) Order 1994 HM Government, 1995 nke na-edekọ ire na inwe ala,  na 2010 HM Land Registry kwụsịrị nnwere onwe ya. A ka na-eji usoro ahụ eme ihe iji soro ọha na eze kwurịta okwu,  na n'ụzọ na-abụghị nkwekọrịta site na ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ ihe onwunwe.  Waddesdon Estate: about us "By purchasing the adjoining land, the estate has grown from the original 2,700 acres in 1874 to 6,000 acres in 2011. " Waddesdon Manor Estate

 Nkwekọ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ 
1 mba ụwa acre hà ka nkeji metric ndị a:

 0.40468564224 hekta (A square nwere 100 m n'akụkụ nwere 1 hekta.)  
 4,046.8564224 square mita (ma ọ bụ square nwere ihe dịka 63.61 m n'akụkụ)  

1 United States survey acre bụ otu:

 0.404687261 hekta
 4,046.87261 square mita (1 square kilomita bụ 247.105 acres) 

1 acre (ụdị abụọ ahụ) hà ka ndị na-esonụ omenala nkeji:

 66 ụkwụ × 660 ụkwụ (43,560 square ụkwụ) 
 10 square chains (1 chains = 66 feet = 22 yards = 4 rods = 100 links) 
 1 acre bụ ihe dịka 208.71 ụkwụ × 208.71 ft (otu square) 
 4,840 square yards
 43,560 square feet
 Ebe a na-anọ efe efe efe A perch bụ otu square rod (1 square rod bụ 0.00625 acre) 
 Okporo ụzọ anọRoods
 A furlong site na a chain (furlong 220 yards, chain 22 yards) 
 Ogwe 40 site na ogwe 4, ogwe 1602 (n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-erekarị mgbidi n'ogologo ogwe 40 ) 
 (0.0062155) square mile (1 square mile bụ 640 acres)  

Ikekwe ụzọ kachasị mfe maka ndị bi na US iji hụ otu acre bụ dị ka rectangle na-atụle 88 yards site na 55 yards ( nke 880 yards site  nke 880yards), ihe dị ka  nke nha nke egwuregwu bọọlụ America.    Iji bụrụ nke ziri ezi karị, otu acre bụ 90.75% nke ogige bọọlụ America dị ogologo site na 53.33 (na-enweghị mpaghara njedebe). Ubi zuru ezu, gụnyere mpaghara njedebe, na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka 1.32 acres (0.53 hectare).

Maka ndị bi na mba ndị ọzọ, enwere ike iche n'echiche acre dị ka ihe karịrị ọkara nke 1.76 acres (0.71 hectare) ogige bọọlụ.

 Mmalite akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Okwu acre sitere na Old English  nke pụtara "ubi mepere emepe", nke jikọtara ya na ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ Norwegian , Icelandic akur, Swedish åker, German Acker, Dutch , Latịn , Sanskrit , na Greek  (). N'asụsụ Bekee, ụdị mkpụrụ okwu ochie bụ aker.

Dị ka Iwu na Composition of Yards and Perches si kwuo, nke malitere n'ihe dị ka 1300, otu acre bụ "40 perches [Ogwe osisi] n'ogologo na anọ n'obosara",  nke pụtara 220 yards site na 22 yards.[lower-alpha 1] Dị ka akọwapụtara na eserese ahụ, otu acre bụ ihe dịka oke ala nke otu ehi nwere ike ịkọ n'otu ụbọchị.

Tupu ewepụta usoro metric, ọtụtụ mba na Europe jiri ala nke ha. Na France, mpaghara ọdịnala bụ arpent carré, ihe dabere na usoro Rom nke ịtụ ala.A na-eji  ahụ eme ihe naanị na Normandy (na ebe ndị gbara ya gburugburu na mpụga ókèala ọdịnala ya), mana uru ya dịgasị iche iche gafee Normandy, site na 3,632 ruo 9,725 square mita, na 8,172 square mita bụ uru kachasị.   [nkọwa dị ] Mana n'ime otu pays nke Normandy, dịka ọmụmaatụ na pays de Caux, ndị ọrụ ugbo (ka na narị afọ nke 20) mere ọdịiche dị n'etiti grande acre (68 ares, 66 centiares) na petite acre (56 ruo 65 ca). Raymond Mensire, , 1939, p. 55. A na-ekewakarị mpaghara Normandy na 4 vergées (Roods) na 160 square perches, dị ka mpaghara English.

The Normandy  was equal to 1.6 , the unit of area more commonly used in Northern France outside of Normandy. In Canada, the Paris  used in Quebec before the metric system was adopted is sometimes called "French acre" in English, even though the Paris  and the Normandy  were two very different units of area in ancient France (the Paris  became the unit of area of French Canada, whereas the Normandy  was never used in French Canada).

Na Germany, Netherlands, na Eastern Europe, mpaghara ọdịnala bụ Morgen. Dị ka acre, morgen bụ otu ala ahịhịa, na-anọchite anya otu nwoke na ehi ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya nwere ike ịkọ n'ụtụtụ. E nwere  ụdị nke morgen, dị iche n'etiti mpaghara Germany dị iche iche, site   ruo 2 + 1⁄2 acres (2,000 ruo 10,100 m2.  A na-ejikwa ya  ihe na Old Prussia, na Balkans, , na Denmark, ebe ọ bụ ihe dịka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke acre (2,700 m2.

E wepụtara ụkpụrụ iwu maka acre na England, na United Kingdom, site na omume nke:

 Edward nke Mbụ
 Edward nke Atọ
 Henry nke Asatọ
 George nke Anọ
 Queen Victoria - British Weights and Measures Act nke 1878 kọwara ya dị ka nke nwere 4,840 square yards.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-egosipụtakarị nha nke ugbo na ala ala dị na United Kingdom na acres (ma ọ bụ acres, rods na perches), ọ bụrụgodị na ọnụ ọgụgụ acres buru ibu nke na ọ ga-adị mma ka e gosipụta ya na square kilomita. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịsị na otu onye nwe ala nwere ala 32,000, ọ bụghị ala dị square kilomita 50..

Ejikọtara acre ahụ na maịl square, yana acres 640 na-eme otu maịl square. Otu maịl dị 5280 (yaadị 1760). N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Canada na ọdịda anyanwụ United States, nkewa nke mpaghara ala na-adaberekarị na maịlụ square, yana akụkụ ya. Ọ bụrụ na ekewa maịlụ square ahụ gaa n'akụkụ anọ, nkeji iri na ise nwere ogologo akụkụ nke  1⁄2 mile (yaadị 880) yana  1⁄4 square mile na mpaghara, ma ọ bụ 160 acres. A ga-ekewakwa mpaghara ndị a ọzọ ụzọ anọ, akụkụ nke ọ bụla ga- 1⁄4 maịl n'ogologo, yana ịbụ  1⁄16 nke otu maịl square na mpaghara, ma ọ bụ acres 40. Na United States, a na-ekewakarị ala ubi dị ka nke a, na nkebi ahịrịokwu "azụ 40" ga-ezo aka na ngwugwu 40-acre n'azụ ugbo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ógbè Canada Prairie na US Midwest nọ na grid square-mile maka ebumnuche nyocha.

 Ihe nketa 

 Acre omenala - Acre omenalasị ahụ yiri nke Imperial acre, mana ọ nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'ógbè dị ka ọdịiche dị na carucates, virgates, bovates, nooks, na farundels. Ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ọtụtụ nke omenala, karịa iwu.
 Onye na-ewu ụlọ = ọbụna " data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"40000"},"":{"wt":"sqft"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAbE" typeof="mw:Transclusion">40,000 square feet (3,700 m2 ma ọ bụ 200 site na 200 feet (  61 , nke a na-eji na mmepe ụlọ US iji mee ka mgbakọ na mwepụ dị mfe na maka ahịa. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 10% obere karịa mpaghara nyocha, na ọdịiche ahụ emeela ka ebubo na-ekwu na ọ bụghị eziokwu.
 Scottish acre = 1.3 Imperial acres (5,080 m2, ihe atụ Scottish ochie) 
 Irish acre = " data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"7,840"},"":{"wt":"yd2"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAbs" typeof="mw:Transclusion">7,840 square yards (6,560 m2 
 Cheshire acre = " data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"10,"},"2":{"wt":"yd2"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAb4" typeof="mw:Transclusion">10,240 square yards (8,560 m2 Holland, Robert. (1886). A glossary of words used in the County of Chester. London: Trübner for the English Dialect Society. p. 3.
 Stremma ma ọ bụ Greek acre ≈ 10,000 square Greek feet, mana ugbu a setịpụrụ na 1,000 square mita (otu unit yiri ya bụ zeugarion) 
 Dunam ma ọ bụ Turkish acre ≈ 1,600 square Turkish paces, mana ugbu a setịpụrụ na 1,000 square mita (otu unit Ziki ya bụ zeki) 
 Actus quadratus ma ọ bụ Roman acre ≈ 14,400 square Roman feet (ihe dị ka 1,260 square mita) 
 God's Acre - otu okwu maka ogige ụka.
 - ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụzọ nke nwere ike iji mee ihe maka ịta nri iwu na-akwadoghị.  
 Town acre bụ okwu e ji mee ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 19 na atụmatụ nke obodo dị na Atụmatụ grid, dị ka Adelaide, South Australia   na Wellington, New Plymouth na Nelson na New Zealand. E kewara ala ahụ n'ime ala nke ala Imperial, ndị a ghọkwara ndị a maara dị ka ala obodo.

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