Leila Aboulela

Leila Fuad Aboulela FRSL (Arabic; amụrụ n'afọ 1964) bụ onye edemede akụkọ ifo, onye edemede, na onye na-ede egwuregwu nke sitere na Sudan nke bi na Aberdeen, Scotland .  Ọ tolitere na Khartoum, Sudan, wee kwaga Scotland na 1990 ebe ọ malitere ọrụ edemede ya. Ruo 2023, Aboulela ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ isii na ọtụtụ akụkọ mkpirikpi, nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ iri na ise. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kachasị ewu ewu, <i id="mwEA">Minaret</i> (2005) na The Translator (1999) gosipụtara akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba na UK ma depụta ya maka International Dublin Literary Award na Orange Prize. A gụnyere ọrụ Aboulela na akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Harper's Magazine, Granta, The Washington Post na The Guardian. BBC Radio emeela ka ọrụ ya dị mma ma gbasaa ọtụtụ egwuregwu ya, gụnyere The Insider, The Mystic Life na ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme The Lion of Chechnya .  E depụtara usoro redio nke akụkụ ise nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke 1999 The Translator maka Race In the Media Award (RIMA). [3]

A na-eto ọrụ Aboulela nke ukwuu maka ngosipụta ya nke ndị Alakụba na-akwaga n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa na nsogbu ndị ha na-eche ihu.  Ahụmahụ ya dị ka onye mbata na United Kingdom na-emetụta ọrụ ya nke ukwuu na ihe isi ike ndị ọ nwetara n'oge mgbanwe ahụ.  Ọrụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ n'okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na isiokwu ndị dị ka njirimara, mmekọrịta ọdịnala dị iche iche, nkewa nke East-West, njem njem, na ọnọdụ ime mmụọ Islam.  J.M. Coetzee, Ben Okri na Ali Smith mere emume amụma ya.  Abdulrazak Gurnah toro akwụkwọ akụkọ ya 2023 River Spirit maka "mmịiko na nghọta pụrụ iche".

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ na 1964 na Cairo, ijipt,  nye nne onye Ijipt na nna Sudan, Aboulela kwagara mgbe ọ dị izu isii gaa Khartoum, Sudan, ebe ọ bi na-aga n'ihu ruo 1987. Nna Aboulela sitere na ezinụlọ Sudan a ma ama, ya na nwa nwanne nna ya bụ onye na-ede uri, Hassan Awad Aboulela.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji Victoria na ijipt na Trinity College, Dublin.  Nne ya bụ onye prọfesọ ngụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na Mahadum Khartoum na onye mbụ na-eme ihe ngosi na Sudan ka ọ nwetasịrị PhD na isiokwu ahụ site na mahadum dị na London. Nzụlite ya dị iche iche bụ oge ezumike ọkọchị na Cairo bụ ebe ọ nwere ike ime njikọ ya na ezinụlọ nne ya wee nweta omenala ndị Ijipt site na nri, mgbasa ozi na-ewu ewu, na ihe nkiri.Mgbe ọ bụ nwata ọ gara Khartoum American School na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sisters, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katọlik nkeonwe. Ọ kọwara agụmakwụkwọ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ America dị ka nke nwere "ụmụ akwụkwọ Sudan dị ole na ole na enweghị ndị nkuzi Sudan" Aboulela tolitere na-asụ ma Bekee na Arabic;  Otú ọ dị, ọ na-echeta na ọ bụ onye a na-emegbu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ihi na ọ na-eji Arabic Arabic, nke ọ mụtara n'aka nne ya.Aboulela mechara gaa Mahadum Khartoum, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1985 site na nzere na Economics.Na 1991, Aboulela nwetara nzere Master of Science (M.Sc) na nzere Master of Philosophy (MPhil) na Statistics sitere na Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Akụ na ụba London. Akpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'ụdị Stock and flow model maka usoro agụmakwụkwọ Sudan. 

 Ndụ onwe onye 
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012, Aboulela bi na Aberdeen, Scotland. Di ya, Nadir Mahjoub, onye injinia mmanụ, bụ ọkara Sudanese, ọkara British,  nwanne nwoke nke onye edemede Jamal Mahjoub.  Ọ na-agụnye otu n'ime mmetụta ndị metụtara ya n'ide akwụkwọ nne ya bụ onye Bekee, Judith Mahjoub nwụrụ anwụ. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ. N'afọ 1990, Aboulela na di ya na ụmụ ya kwagara Aberdeen, ọpụpụ ọ kwuru na ọ bụ ihe kpaliri akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, The Translator .  Aboulela malitere ide ihe na 1992 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Aberdeen College ma mesịa bụrụ onye enyemaka nyocha na Mahadum Aberdeen.  N'afọ 2006, ọ laghachiri Khartoum iji lekọta nna ya na-arịa ọrịa nke nwụrụ n'afọ 2008. [3] N'agbata afọ 2000 na 2012, Aboulela biri na Jakarta, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, na Doha. Aboulela bụ onye Alakụba na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, okwukwe ya na-enyekwa ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọrụ ya.

 Ọrụ edemede 
Aboulela malitere ide ihe mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asatọ, mgbe ọ kwagara Aberdeen, Scotland, ya na ụmụ ya abụọ na-eto eto nke ọrụ di ya na mmanụ kpaliri. Aboulela malitere ide ihe mgbe ọ debanyere aha na ọmụmụ edemede na Aberdeen Central Library ebe onye edemede bi na ya, Todd McEwen, gbara ya ume ma kwado ya, onye nyere onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya ọrụ Aboulela. Aboulela na-ede n'asụsụ Bekee, mkpebi ọ malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ma kwuo na ọ họọrọ ikwupụta onwe ya n'asụsụ bekee n'ihi na ọ bụ "asụsụ nke atọ, nke na-enweghị ihe na-enye ume ọhụrụ site na enweghị iguzosi ike n'ihe nke ịhọrọ n'etiti nna m na asụsụ nne m" na-ezo aka na mkparịta ụka Arabic nke Ijipt na Sudanese.[1]

Ọ bụ onye na-enye aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ New Daughters of Africa nke afọ 2019, nke Margaret Busby dezigharịrị nke chịkọtara ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị 200 na-ede akwụkwọ sitere na Africa. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị ka akụkọ ndụ onwe onye, akwụkwọ ncheta, akwụkwọ ozi, akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, akwụkwọ akụkọ, uri, ihe nkiri, ọchị, akwụkwọ akụkọ na okwu.

N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke afọ 2023, Aboulela kwupụtara echiche ya banyere akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afrịka na mkpali ya maka iji akwụkwọ ndị e dere n'asụsụ Afrịka: 


 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 The Translator: E bipụtara ya na 1999, The Translator, a Muslim retelling of Jane Eyre  bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Aboulela nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na Scotland nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka 'Onye Nsụgharị: na mmekọrịta ya na onye ọrụ ya na Scotland.  N'afọ 2006, The New York Times depụtara The Translator dị ka otu n'ime 100 Akwụkwọ A Ma Ama nke Afọ. 
 'Minaret: E bipụtara ya na 2005, Minaret na-elekwasị anya na Najwa, onye a manyere ịgbapụ Sudan ma biri na London mgbe nnupụisi nke kwaturu ọchịchị nna ya, onye Minista, jere ozi n'okpuru ya. Akụkọ Najwa bụ otu n'ime ihe egwu ọdịbendị, ịhụnanya, Islamophobia, na mbata. Ọ na-akọwa njem nwa agbọghọ iji dịrị ndụ ma chọta ụlọ n'ebe ọhụrụ, nke a na-amaghị. [4]
 Lyrics Alley: Nke mbụ e bipụtara na 2010, Lyrics Alley bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ nke Aboulela na onye mmeri nke Scottish Book of the Year maka akụkọ ifo.   Okwu Alley sitere na ndụ nwanne nna ya, onye na-ede uri bụ Hassan Awad Aboulela. N'ịbụ nke e mere na Sudan na 1950s, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-akọ akụkọ banyere mba na-agbanwe site na ndụ ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya ka ha na-atụfu ndụ ha maara nke ọma ma na-ata ahụhụ ọdachi, nke na-agbanwere ike na ndụ ha ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. 
 The Kindness of Enemies: E bipụtara ya na 2015, The Kindness nke Enemies na-egosi akụkọ nke ọkara onye Russia, ọkara onye Sudan nke na-amalite njem iji dekọọ ndụ onye Alakụba n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, Imam Shamil, onye nwetara aha ọjọọ site na ọrụ ya na mmegide megide Russia nke Agha Caucasus.  E debere ya na 2010, akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwukwa banyere isiokwu nke ndụ dị ka onye Alakụba n'oge post-9/11. [9]
 Bird Summons: E bipụtara ya na 2019, Bird Summons bụ akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba atọ na-aga Scottish Highlands ileta ili Lady Evelyn Cobbold, nwanyị Britain mbụ mechara njem njem Hajji na Mecca. Njem ahụ na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime njem na nchọpụta onwe onye maka ụmụ nwanyị. Nnwere onwe e nyere ha site n'ebe dị anya site n'ụlọ ha na ala Scottish mara mma na-akpali ha iche echiche banyere ndụ ha na mkpebi ndị mere ka ha nọrọ ebe ha nọ.[11]
 River Spirit: E bipụtara ya na 2023, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ewere ọnọdụ na Sudan nke afọ 1880. Isi okwu gụnyere Agha Mahdist megide ọchịchị Anglo-Turkish na ịgba ohu na narị afọ nke 19 na Sudan. Ewezuga ndị akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Mahdi Muhammad Ahmed na Gọvanọ Charles Gordon, Abouleila chepụtara ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị iji gbaa akaebe maka ọrụ ha na ọha mmadụ. Otu n'ime ndị isi akụkọ ahụ bụ Akuany, nwa agbọghọ na-enweghị nne na nna si South, onye a na-ere n'ohu, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ nke onye ahịa Yaseen.  

 Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi 

 Coloured Lights: E bipụtara ya na 2001, Coloured Light bụ nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi mbụ nke Aboulela. O nwere akụkọ iri na otu. Nchịkọta ahụ gosipụtara akụkọ nke ụmụ agbọghọ Sudan n'ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche, ka ha na-agagharị ndụ ha na-achọ ihe ọ pụtara na ihe ọ bụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ndị ahụ na-egosi ahụmịhe ndị mbịarambịa na ihe ịma aka nke mgbanwe site na ndụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ gaa na ọdịbendị nke Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Aboulela The Museum - nke gụnyere na nchịkọta a - nwetara ihe nrite Caine Prize for African Writing na 2000. Ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere nwa akwụkwọ Sudan na Aberdeen na mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị mbụ ya na nwa klas ya bụ onye Scotland. Ebe ngosi nka a na-akpọ aha na-ezo aka na nkatọ akụkọ ahụ banyere ihe ngosi nka Africa na ebe ngosi nka Scotland na ihe nketa nke ụlọ ọrụ. 
 Elsewhere, Home: E bipụtara ya na 2018, e nyere akwụkwọ akụkọ a onyinye Saltire Fiction Book of the Year ma nwee akụkọ iri na atọ.   Na-akọwa akụkọ banyere mmekọrịta ọdịbendị dị iche iche, ọbụbụenyi, na mfu, Elsewhere, Home bụ nchịkọta akụkọ ndị na-agbaso ndụ ndị mmadụ ka ha na-agbanwe ma na-emepụta onwe ha. Akụkọ ndị a na-eme na Abu Dhabi, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, na London.[7] Na Pages of Fruit, otu nwanyị na-elekọta ụlọ na-anọ naanị ya na-aga Ememme akwụkwọ nke Edinburgh iji zute onye edemede ọ na-efe ofufe, naanị iji hụ onwe ya na-enweghị nzube na mmechuihu mgbe nzukọ ha na-adịghị mma gasịrị.[5] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na Something Old, Something New, onye Alakụba Scottish na-eleta Khartoum iji hụ onye Sudan ya na-achọ ịlụ ma malite inwe obi abụọ banyere mmekọrịta ha mgbe ọ na-eche mmetụta ya nke inyo enyo na egwu nke ndị mba ọzọ nọ n'ala dị anya ihu.[5]

 Egwuregwu 
Aboulela edeela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri redio, ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị ebipụta n'ụdị mbipụta. Egwuregwu ya bụ The Insider, The Mystic Life, The Lion of Chechnya, na The Sea Warrior ka a na-agbasa na mmemme Redio BBC. The Mystic Life bụ akụkọ sitere na nchịkọta akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi, Coloured Lights, ebe The Lion of Chechnya na-akọ akụkọ Imam Shamil (1797-1871), onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị Alakụba na isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, The Kindness of Enemies .  E mekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The Translator na akụkọ mkpirikpi ya The Museum ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri redio, ebe emere ihe nkiri ya Friends and Neighbours na Aberdeen na 1998. [2]

 Mmetụta edemede 
Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide Aboulela sitere na ndụ ya ozugbo.  Ọ na-ekwupụta ịkwaga ya site na Sudan gaa Scotland na 1990 dị ka onye na-akpalite ọrụ agụmagụ ya wee kwupụta ọchịchọ ya ide banyere Sudan na Islam—isiokwu ndị ọ hụtụrụla na ọ naghị anọchi anya ya—maka ịbụ ndị na-akpali ya mbido. Aboulela ekwupụtala mmasị ya n'ịkwụsị ihe ngosi nke ndị Alakụba, Sudan, na ndị kwabatara site n'edemede ya ma gbasie mbọ ike igosipụta ndị ọ zutere na ebe ndị o biri na akụkọ ya.Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Lyrics Alley gbadoro ụkwụ n'ezi akụkọ banyere ndụ nwanne nna ya, onye na-ede uri Hassan Awad Aboulela, na ihe ọghọm ya dị egwu na mmalite 1940s nke mere ka ọ gwụ ya. Ya na nna ya jikọrọ aka dee akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma mụtakwuo banyere ndụ nwa nwanne nna ya, bụ onye jere ozi dị ka ihe mkpali n'azụ onye isi agwa, Nur.

Aboulela na-akpọ onye Ijipt Nobel Prize laureate Naguib Mahfouz na onye edemede Sudan a ma ama Tayeb Salih dị ka mmetụta edemede site na nwata na oge ya na Sudan.  Nkwagharị ya na Scotland mere ka ọ mata Jean Rhys na Anita Desai, ndị odee o kwuru na ha nwere "mmetụta dị egwu n'ọrụ ya".Aboulela egosila mmasị ya n'ebe ndị odee dị ka Abdulrazak Gurnah, Doris Lessing, Buchi Emecheta, na Ahdaf Soueif kwagara Britain mgbe ọ dị obere ma si otú ahụ nwee ahụmahụ ndị yiri ya na nke ya.  Ọ na-ekwetakwa mmetụta nke ndị edemede Scotland, dị ka Alan Spence na Robin Jenkins.

 Nnabata Dị oke egwu 
Ọrụ Aboulela enwetawo nnabata dị mma nke ukwuu, ndị dị ka Ben Okri, onye mmeri Nobel Prize J.M Coetzee, na Ali Smith na-eme emume ya maka ikike ya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, yana maka okwu ya pụrụ iche. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye edemede bụ John Freeman kpọrọ ya "otu n'ime ndị edemede akụkọ mkpirikpi kachasị mma dị ndụ". Akụkọ ya masịrị Kim Hedges nke San Francisco Chronicle onye dere, "Akụkọ Aboulela dị ịtụnanya. Ọ na-ejikwa mmetụta siri ike n'ụzọ dị ike ma dị ike, na-enye ha okwu ihu na ihu, ma jiri nkà jide mmetụta dị iche iche nke na-agwakọta iji mepụta ọnọdụ. "

A maara ya maka ihe ngosi ya dị nro nke ndị Alakụba kwabatara, mgbagwoju anya nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti omenala, Islam na ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-emebi atụmanya ọha mmadụ.[1].  Onye nta akụkọ Boyd Tonkin toro ya maka ịbụ "Otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Muslim ole na ole na-ede akwụkwọ na Britain gosipụtara okwukwe ha dị ka ike dị ndụ kama ịhapụ akụkọ ihe mere eme".

N'etiti ọrụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ Minaret (2005) dọtara uche ndị nkatọ. Ọrụ a gosipụtara ọbịbịa Aboulela dị ka onye nwere mmetụta nke ndị edemede ọhụrụ nke ndị Alakụba na Britain. A na-eto Minaret dị ka "ihe ịga nke ọma dị egwu" na "akwụkwọ akụkọMinaret, obi ike, ihe ịma aka" site n'aka Mike Phillips na-ede maka The Guardian.

A na-ewere ya dị ka onye edemede nwanyị Africa, Arab, Scotland, na onye mba ọzọ site n'aka ndị na-ege ya ntị nke ndị nkatọ, bọọdụ ihe nrite akwụkwọ, na ndị nyocha.[1]  Odee James Robinson kọwara Aboulela dị ka “olu pụrụ iche na nke na-enye ume ọhụrụ na akụkọ ifo ndị Scotland nke oge a”.[2]  John A. Stotesbury na Brendan Smyth na-arụ ụka na Aboulela ekwupụtala ọrụ ya  na mpaghara agụmagụ dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ na-agbagha echiche Orientist na ndị Alakụba banyere oke nwoke yana echiche a ma ama nke ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba.  Ọrụ Aboulela abụrụla isiokwu a ma ama maka ihe ọmụmụ PhD na akụkọ ndị ọkà mmụta gbara gburugburu ndị Alakụba na ederede ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a .[1]

Na Disemba 2023, New York Times kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ River Spirit ya otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ iri kacha mma nke 2023.[1]  Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ akụkọ Brittle Paper họpụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka otu n'ime akwụkwọ 100 ama ama nke Africa nke 2023.

 Akwụkwọ 

 1999: The Translator, Grove Press, Black Cat - nke Elkhatim Adl'an sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic 
 2001: Coloured Lights, Polygon, Edinburgh
 2005: Minaret, Grove Press, Black Cat - nke Badreldin Hashimi sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic 
 2011: Lyrics Alley, Grove Press - nke Badreldin Hashimi sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic  
 2015: The Kindness of Enemies, Weidenfeld & Nicolson - nke Badreldin Hashimi sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Arabic [4]
 2018: Ebe ọzọ, Home, Telegram Books
 2019: Bird Summons, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 
 2023: River Spirit, Grove Atlantic, Saqi Books   

 Ihe nrite na onyinye 

 2000: Caine Prize for African Writing, maka The Museum
 2000: Saltire Society Scottish First Book of the Year Award (obere ndepụta), The Translator
 2002: PEN Macmillan Macmillan Silver PEN Award (nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi), Coloured Lights
 2003: Race and Media Award (nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi - usoro ihe nkiri redio), The Translator [2]
 2011: E depụtara ya maka onyinye ndị edemede Commonwealth- Europe na S. E Asia, Lyrics Alley 
 2011: Akụkọ ifo Onye mmeri nke Scottish Book Awards, Lyrics Alley 
 2018: Saltire Fiction Book of the Year Award, Elsewhere, Home 
 2023: A họpụtara ya dịka Fellow nke Royal Society of Literature 

 Hụkwa 

 Akwụkwọ Sudan
 Ndepụta nke ndị edemede Sudan
 Akwụkwọ Arabic nke oge a

 Edensibia 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Ntụle



 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
 Egwuregwu redio nke Leila Aboulela
 Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Leila Abouleila Doctor on the Nile, site na akwụkwọ akụkọ VQR, Winter 2010
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ