Robert Breer

William Grimes, "Robert Breer, Pioneer of Avant-Garde Animation, Dies at 84", The New York Times, August 17, 2011, .Robert Carlton Breer (Septemba 30, 1926 – Ọgọst 11, 2011) bụ onye America na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe na ọkpụkpụ.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
"Onye guzobere American avant-garde," Harvard Film Archive Breer bụ onye amara nke ọma maka ihe nkiri ya, nke jikọtara eserese na-enweghị atụ na ihe ngosi, rotoscoping ejiri aka see, ihe nkiri mbụ 16mm na 8mm, foto, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Carnegie International Museum of Art Website, Artist's bio.

Mgbe ọ nwesịrị ike na ike mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-eme ihe nkiri fim nke mbụ ya mgbe ọ na-ebi na Paris site na 1949 ruo 1959, oge nke ajụjụ na ihe osise kinetic na veranda ndị dị ka Galerie Denise René  ama ama  Australian Center for the Moving Image, "Robert Breer: Master of the 4 inch x 6 inch." Animation World Network Website, Artist's Bio.

Breer kọwara ụfọdụ n'ime ihe mere o ji si na eserese gaa n'ime ihe nkiri na ajụjụ ọnụ nke 1976: 

Breer kụzikwara na Cooper Union na New York site na 1971 ruo 2001. The Film Gallery, Artist's Bio. Ọ nwetara mkpakọrịta Guggenheim na 1978. The New York Times, "Guggenheim Foundation Announces 1978 Awards."

Breer nwụrụ na August 11, 2011, n'ụlọ ya na Tucson. Frameworks Listserv Movie City News, "Experimental Filmmaker Robert Breer Dies at 85."

 Mmetụta 
Nkà ihe nke ya mara mma na usoro ya nwere ikike nke ụgbọ mbụ nke ndị na-ahụ ihe nkiri na-ahụ ihe na-agụnye Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling, Walter Ruttmann, na Fernand Léger, onye ọrụ ọ tara mgbe ọ na-ebi.  na Europe.  [1] Breer echichekwara echiche nke Neo-plasticism dị ka Piet Mondrian na Vasarely echiche.. 

 Ihe nketa 
Enwere ike ima akwụkwọ ndị akwụkwọ ozi ọrụ Breer na ọnụ ya na onye na-ese ihe na Robert Breer, Cinema Critical 2: ọnụ na ndị na-ahụ ihe nkiri nke Scott MacDonald, Okwu Mmalite nke American Underground Film nke Sheldon Renan  , Animation in the Cinema nke Ralph Stephenson dere, na Ndị nwe ihe nkiri Culture Wetzel, Roland, Laurence Sillars, Ute Holl, Andres Pardey, and Laurence Sillars. Robert Breer. Bielefeld: Kerber, Christof, 2011. Print. MacDonald, Scott. A Critical Cinema 2: Interviews with Independent Filmmakers. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Print. Renan, Sheldon. An Introduction to the American Underground Film. New York: Dutton, 1967. Print. Stephenson, Ralph. Animation in the Cinema. London [u.a.: Zwemmer Limited] u.a., 1967. Print. Jonas Mekas and P. Adams Sitney, "Interview with Robert Breer," Film Quarterly, 56-57 (Spring 1973), p. 44.

Breer meri 1987 Maya Deren Independent Film and Video Artists' Award, nke American ihe nkiri Institute , "Maya Deren," SensesOfCinema.com

Ihe nkiri ya bụ Eyewash egwu na Treasures IV: American Avant-Garde Film 1947-1986 . Zorn, John, Martin Scorsese et al. Treasures IV: American Avant Garde Film, 1947-1986. San Francisco, Calif: National Film Preservation Foundation, 2009. 10 Weirdest Avant-Garde Films Of The 50s, Ranked|ScreenRant

 Ebe nchekwa 
Ihe nkiri Anthology Film Archives chekwara ihe nkiri ndị a: Anthology Film Archives Collections

 Ụdị nke Mbụ (1952)
 Ụdị Usoro II (1953)
 Ụdị Usoro III (1954)
 Ụdị Usoro IV (1956)
 Ọrụ ebube (1954)
 Ntụrụndụ (1956)
 Foto ngosi nke 1 (1956)
 Jamestown Baloos (1957)
 Otu nwoke na nkịta ya na-apụ maka ikuku (1957)
 Le Mouvement (1957)
 Anya anya (1959) – ụdịdị abụọ ahụ
 Ọkụ (1961)
 iku ume (1963)
 Ọgụ aka (1964)
 66 (1966)
 69 (1969)
 70 (1971)
 77 (1970)
 Fuji (1974)
 Mma ndị agha Switzerland na oke na kpalakwukwu (1981)
 Bang! (1986)

Ebe nchekwa ihe nkiri Academy chekwara ihe nkiri ndị a: 

 Ụdị usoro #4 (1954, echekwara 2019)
 Nyocha ụtụtụ Sọnde (1960, ụgbọala na-adọkpụ maka Cinema 16 )
 Oge ijiji (1997, echekwara 2018)
 Atoz (2000, echekwara 2018)

 Ntụaka 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Uroskie, Andrew V. "Egwu A na-ahụ anya Mgbe Cage: Robert Breer, Expanded Cinema na Stockhausen's Original (1964)". Ụda ahaziri ahazi: Akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa nke teknụzụ egwu egwu 17, mba. 2 (Ọgọst 2012): 163–69 .
 Burford, Jennifer Lou. "Robert Breer". Asụsụ abụọ French-Bekee. Okwu mmalite nke Christian Lebrat. Paris: mbipụta Paris Expérimental / RE: VOIR Vidéo mbipụta, 1999. ibe 146.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Na-eme mmetụta ọgbaghara: Ihe nkiri Robert Breer
 Ụlọ ọrụ gb, Paris nọchitere anya ala Robert Breer