Pieter Wenning

Pieter Willem Frederick Wenning (9 Septemba 1873 – 24 Jenụarị 1921)  bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa, weere dị ka onye nnapụta ụdị nke Cape Impressionism. 

 Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Pieter Wenning na The Hague, nwa Heerke na Elizabeth Wenning. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Leeuwarden mgbe Wenning dị afọ ise. Nna ya nwere ụlọ ahịa ebe ọ na-ere ihe ndị na-ese ihe, foto na mbipụta. O nwekwara nwa nwanne nne, Ype Wenning, onye bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Frisi a ma ama, si otú a na-abata na eserese mgbe ọ dị obere. 

E zigara Wenning na Hogere Burgerschool ebe onye nkụzi nka, bụ Maazị H. Bubberman, ghọtara nkà nwata ahụ ma gbaa ya ume. N'agbanyeghị nkwenye nke Bubberman, nne na nna Wenning nwere obi abụọ ma duru ya gaa n'ọkwá n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg Maatschappij na Amsterdam, Wenning, Harco (1976). My Father. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. ISBN 978-0-86978-131-9. ebe ọ nwetara nkwalite ngwa ngwa ma nyefee ya na ọkwa nchịkwa na Zaandam . Ọmịiko ya na ọnọdụ ndị ogbenye Dutch ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma, mgbe, na 1903, o sonye na nkwụsị izugbe na ịdị n'otu na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ . A kwụsịrị iku ọrụ ahụ wee chụọ ya ngwa ngwa.

Wenning lụrụ nwa agbọghọ di ya nwụrụ, Johanna Hillegonda Kramer, na 3 Septemba 1898, ma ọ mụtara ụmụ abụọ site na alụmdi na nwunye gara aga. Iji na-elekọta ezinụlọ ya, ọ nwetara ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ JH de Bussy dị na Amsterdam, bụ́ ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ kasịnụ na Netherlands. Wenning, Harco (1976). My Father. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. ISBN 978-0-86978-131-9. Mgbe onyinye ahụ bịara dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ n'otu ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na South Africa, ọ maliri na ohere ahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ HAUM de Bussy & Jacques Dusseau họpụtara ya na ngalaba de Bussy na Pretoria . Lipshitz, Lippy I.; Boonzaier, Gregoire (1949). Wenning. Cape Town: Unie-Volkspers, Beperk.

 Ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ Pretoria 
Ezinụlọ ahụ jiri ụgbọ mmiri si na East India Docks, London na 12 Mee 1905 wee bịarute Cape Town na 4 Juun 1905. Ha si ebe ahụ jiri ụgbọ mmiri gaa Durban wee jiri ụgbọ okporo ígwè gaa Pretoria, rute n'etiti June 1905. Wenning, Harco (1976). My Father. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. ISBN 978-0-86978-131-9.

Wenning na ezinụlọ ya bi n'otu ụlọ osisi na ígwè dị na Rietfontein nke dị na mpụga Pretoria. Ọ na-ere akwụkwọ, ngwa akwụkwọ, mbipụta na ihe ndị na-ese ihe, na-enweta £17 kwa ọnwa. N’ịbụ onye na-enweghị ike ị nweta ihe ndị e ji ese ihe, ọ na-ese ihe n’esepụghị aka nakwa site n’iji ịdị uchu na-echekwa ego, mechakwara si Netherlands webata ígwè etching etching nke aka abụọ, bụ́ nke ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n’ịkọ ihe na South Africa. Ọ bụkwa na Rietfontein, gburugburu 1909, ebe Wenning malitere ịnwale mmanụ. Wenning, Harco (1976). My Father. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. ISBN 978-0-86978-131-9.

Mgbe afọ anọ na Rietfontein gasịrị, Wenning nwere ike ịgbazite ụlọ na Rissik Street, Pretoria. Ọ bụ obere oge ka nke a gasịrị ka o butere ịba, ọrịa dị egwu na Pretoria nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Ọ gbakere, mana ọ ga-ata ahụhụ ihe si na ya pụta ruo oge ndụ ya niile. Wenning, Harco (1976). My Father. Cape Town: Howard Timmins. ISBN 978-0-86978-131-9.

 Ndị n'otu n'otu 
Site na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ahụ, Wenning matara ọtụtụ ndị Pretoria, bụ ndị kpebiri iguzobe otu ọha ha kpọrọ The Individualists . Wenning ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ. A maara na Pierneef na George Smithard bụkwa ndị otu ntọala. 
E hiwere otu a n'etiti etiti 1911, wee mee ihe ngosi mbụ ha na 20 Nọvemba 1911. Ndị otu mbụ bụ Marcelle Piltan, Selina Harding, Madge Cook, Nina Murray, Sydney Stent na Mr G. Schild. Na 1912, Miss G. Anderson na Mr. JL Gartner gbakwunyere ma kpọọ Fanie Eloff ka ya na ha gosi ihe ngosi. 

 Johannesburg 
Mgbe De Bussy meghere alaka ụlọ ọrụ na Johannesburg, ha gakwuuru Wenning ka ọ na-elekọta ngalaba nka. Ụgwọ ọnwa ka ukwuu rata ya, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọrụ ahụ enweghị ike idi ya. Mgbe, na July 1913, De Bussy's nyere ya ohere ịga na Cape Province, ọ nabatara ya. Ọ wetara ya etchings na mmeputakwa nke ndị isi French na Dutch, na-eleta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Cape na ndị na-anakọta ihe n'olileanya nke mmasị ha. Ọ bụ n'ime nleta ndị a ka ọ matara DC Boonzaier bụ onye ga-abụ onye na-elekọta ya na onye na-eduzi ya.

Na Johannesburg ọ mere enyi Ernest Lezard, George Smithard, onye na-ese ihe na Johannesburg, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Joseph Michael Solomon, Anton van Wouw na Paul Methuen .

Mgbe ọ gbasịrị mbọ ịmalite ọrụ nke ya, ụlọ ahịa nka na akuku Eloff na Plain Street, ọ nwetara ọkwa na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ enyi Van Schaik dị na Pretoria. DC Boonzaier bịara nyere ya aka site n'ime ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị enyi ya kwenye na ego zuru ezu iji mee ka Wenning rụọ ọrụ na Cape ọnwa atọ. Ernest Lezard ga-ewepụta ụdị ego ahụ ma emechaa n'afọ.

 Cape Town 

Wenning bịarutere Cape na 2 Maachị 1916, Boonzaier zutere, onye gbaziri nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ n'ụlọ gọọmentị, Newlands Avenue. Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị onye South Africa ọzọ na-ese ihe, Gwelo Goodman, bi n'otu ụlọ ahụ.

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-ese en plein air, na-emecha ihe osise 40 na nleta mbụ a. Emere mgbede n'ụlọ Boonzaier. Boonzaier n'onwe ya bụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-anakọta ọrụ nka nke Oriental. N'oge ihu igwe ọjọọ Wenning na-ese ndụ ndụ n'ọmụmụ ihe Boonzaier, yana ihe dị ka Buddha Chinese ochie ma ọ bụ nnukwu efere Ming .

Otu ụtụtụ ọ gara n'ugbo Malta, otu n'ime akara mbụ na Cape ma were ya nke mere na ọ na-ese ihe nkiri ahụ ruo mgbede. Na mbụ na-eche na foto a dara ada, Boonzaier mere ka ọ rụchaa ya n'echi ya. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị ike.

N'ọgwụgwụ ọnwa atọ, Boonzaier haziri ihe ngosi nke onwe, na ụlọ ọrụ ya na Keerom Street, maka ndị na-ekwe nkwa. E rere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ foto niile. Mgbe ọ lọghachichara obere oge na Pretoria, Ernest Lezard, onye na-ere ihe na-ahụ anya nke ọma, debere atụmatụ maka itinyekwu ego iji laghachi na Cape. Site na mmesi obi ike ndị a, oge Wenning's Transvaal bịara na njedebe.

 Ahịa nka 
Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ese ihe dara ogbenye n'oge ndụ ya, ịrị elu na-ewu ewu nke Impressionism n'oge na-adịghị anya nyere ugwu maka inwe Wenning.  Ka ọ na-erule 1968, Dr. Helmut Silberberg nwere ike wepụta nlegharị anya ọrụ 100 na Cape Town. Ọnụ ahịa mgbede Wenning's Transvaal (Nelspruit) dị na R9,750 yana Witwatersrand ya na R8,000.  N'oge ndị a bụ ihe a na-anụtụbeghị maka ọnụ ahịa onye na-ese ihe na South Africa. N'afọ 1970, a na-ere ihe dị ndụ na Ashbey's Galleries, bụ ebe ire ere 1918 jọgburu onwe ya, maka R2,900. 

 Ụgha na adịgboroja 
Akọwahie ụgha nke ọrụ onye na-ese ihe metụtara ịchọ ọrụ na ịdị mfe nke ụdị onye na-ese ihe na-etinye onwe ya na nṅomi. Ya mere, Wenning na Tinus de Jongh bụ ndị a na-achọkarị maka adịgboroja mbụ. N'agbata 1944 na 1947, ebili mmiri nke ụgha butere Wennings adịgboroja na-abanye n'ahịa nka.  Everard Read na Anton Hendriks (onye nduzi nke Johannesburg Municipal Art Gallery) wetara ịdị adị nke Wenning adịgboroja n'ihu ọha na 1963. 

 Nnukwu mkpokọta 
Ọrụ Pieter Wenning gụnyere n'ọtụtụ nnukwu mkpokọta: 

 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke South Africa, Cape Town
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Johannesburg, Johannesburg
 Pretoria Art Museum, Pretoria
 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Durban, Durban
 William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley

 Ntụaka 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations