Shweshwe

Shweshwe ( / ˈʃ w ɛ ʃ w ɛ / )  bụ akwa owu sijiri ebi ebi nke a na-ejikarị eme uwe ọdịnala ndịda Africa . Rochlin, Margy (5 June 2009). "Jo Katsaras: 'No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'". New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2014. But Ms. Katsaras always keeps the series's central character, the private investigator Precious Ramotswe (Jill Scott, above), the focus of attention with colorful dresses and head scarves made of shweshwe, the traditional South African fabric known for its pulsating motifs.  Na mbụ a na-esiji indigo, a na-emepụta ákwà ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na agba na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-eji usoro geometric dị mgbagwoju anya. deVillemarette, Cynthia (July–August 2010). "Shweshwe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. The designs are created using a discharge process, unlike modern printed fabrics where color is added to the surface. With Shweshwe, the cotton cloth is first entirely dyed, thoroughly penetrating the fiber. Then, the cloth is passed through copper design rollers, which emit a mild acid solution, removing color with pinpoint accuracy. One of the characteristics of Shweshwe is the intense use of picotage, tiny pin dots that create not only the designs, but also texture and depth. It is because of the difficulty and expense in creating these designs that they fell out of favor with American and European manufacturers, who chose instead to move to printing processes. Da Gama Textiles of South Africa is the only known manufacturer of fabrics still using the discharge process ... The reverse side of the fabric will be a solid color because it was dyed. Da Gama also prints its seal on the back to help you identify it. Rovine, Victoria L. (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity". In Dudley, Sandra H. (ed.). Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473. Davie, Lucille (18 November 2013). "Shweshwe, the denim of South Africa". Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. N'ihi ewu ewu ya, a kọwawo shweswe dị ka denim,  ma ọ bụ tartan, nke South Africa. "A stylish ode to Mama Afrika". The Star. 27 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

 Aha 
Aha obodo shweswe sitere na mmekorita nke akwa na eze Lesotho nke Moshoeshoe I, Kuper, Jeremy (19 April 2013). "London shows material interest in Africa's old clothes". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. spekwara "Moshweshwe". Ndị ozi ala ọzọ France nyere Moshoeshoe M onyinye nke akwa akwa na 1840s wee mechaa gbasaa ya.  Futhwa, Fezekile (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. pp. 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.

A makwaara ya dị ka sejeremane ma ọ bụ seshoeshoe na Sotho yana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ), Futhwa, Fezekile (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. pp. 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụ") maka uwe ha. ma nyere aka tinye ya na South Africa na omenala Basotho. Davie, Lucille (18 November 2013). "Shweshwe, the denim of South Africa". Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kuper, Jeremy (19 April 2013). "London shows material interest in Africa's old clothes". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. "The Isishweshwe Story: Material Women?". Iziko Museums. 23 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014. 

 Na-eji 
A na-eji Shweswe eme uwe, uwe mwụda, uwe mwụda na uwe mwụda. Ndị inyom Xhosa lụrụ ọhụrụ, nke a maara dị ka makoti, na-eyi uwe Shweswe na ndị inyom Sotho lụrụ. Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Futhwa, Fezekile (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. pp. 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. Miti, Siya (11 May 2013). "Textile sector threat to fabric of society". Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.  Ụmụ nwanyị Xhosa etinyekwala akwa ahụ n'ime uwe mgbokwasị ha nwere agba agba ocher . "A stylish ode to Mama Afrika". The Star. 27 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014. Bryant, Judy (June 2012). "Transplanted Culture Through Trade" (PDF). Cape Crafts & Design Institute: 21–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Wezụga ejiji ọdịnala, a na-eji shweswe na ụdị ejiji South Africa nke oge a maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị nwoke sitere n'agbụrụ niile, Rovine, Victoria L. (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity". In Dudley, Sandra H. (ed.). Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473.  "The Isishweshwe Story: Material Women?". Iziko Museums. 23 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014. yana maka ime ngwa na ihe mkpuchi.  A na-ejikwa ya na United States dịka akwa akwa akwa . deVillemarette, Cynthia (July–August 2010). "Shweshwe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. The designs are created using a discharge process, unlike modern printed fabrics where color is added to the surface. With Shweshwe, the cotton cloth is first entirely dyed, thoroughly penetrating the fiber. Then, the cloth is passed through copper design rollers, which emit a mild acid solution, removing color with pinpoint accuracy. One of the characteristics of Shweshwe is the intense use of picotage, tiny pin dots that create not only the designs, but also texture and depth. It is because of the difficulty and expense in creating these designs that they fell out of favor with American and European manufacturers, who chose instead to move to printing processes. Da Gama Textiles of South Africa is the only known manufacturer of fabrics still using the discharge process ... The reverse side of the fabric will be a solid color because it was dyed. Da Gama also prints its seal on the back to help you identify it. Fulton, Claire (23 November 2006). "Cottoning on to Shweshwe chic". South Africa.info. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2014.

 Mmepụta 
A na-eji usoro mwepu acid na usoro mbipụta akwụkwọ a rụpụtara Shweswe na calico owu dị ọcha. deVillemarette, Cynthia (July–August 2010). "Shweshwe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. The designs are created using a discharge process, unlike modern printed fabrics where color is added to the surface. With Shweshwe, the cotton cloth is first entirely dyed, thoroughly penetrating the fiber. Then, the cloth is passed through copper design rollers, which emit a mild acid solution, removing color with pinpoint accuracy. One of the characteristics of Shweshwe is the intense use of picotage, tiny pin dots that create not only the designs, but also texture and depth. It is because of the difficulty and expense in creating these designs that they fell out of favor with American and European manufacturers, who chose instead to move to printing processes. Da Gama Textiles of South Africa is the only known manufacturer of fabrics still using the discharge process ... The reverse side of the fabric will be a solid color because it was dyed. Da Gama also prints its seal on the back to help you identify it. Rovine, Victoria L. (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity". In Dudley, Sandra H. (ed.). Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473. Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.  A na-ebipụta ya na obosara nke 90 cm, n'ụdị niile na akụkụ sketị A-dị ka ebipụtara n'akụkụ n'akụkụ. A na-emepụta akwa ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere indigo mbụ, chocolate brown na red, n'ụdị dị iche iche nke gụnyere floral, ọnyá, na diamond, square na okirikiri geometric.  Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. A na-eji picottage eme ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, usoro ntinye akwa na-emepụta ihe na -adịghị ejikarị eme ihe nke ndị na-emepụta akwa oge a n'ihi mgbagwoju anya na mmefu ya, ọ bụ ezie na ejirila usoro obibi akwụkwọ nke oge a sụgharịa mmetụta ndị ahụ. 

Ebubata ya na South Africa site na Europe na mbụ, ndị Da Gama Textiles rụrụ akwa ahụ nwere akara azụmaahịa dị na obodo Zwelitsha na mpụga obodo King William na Eastern Cape kemgbe 1982.  Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.  Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Na 1992, Da Gama Textiles zụtara naanị ikike nke nwamba atọ, ụdị kachasị ewu ewu nke akwa nke Spruce Manufacturing Co. Ltd mere na Manchester, na ndị mbụ a kanyere ọla kọpa na-ebuga na South Africa.   Da Gama Textiles emela shweswe site n'owu e si na Zimbabwe bubata ma na-eto na mpaghara ya na Eastern Cape. Miti, Siya (11 May 2013). "Textile sector threat to fabric of society". Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 

Ụlọ ọrụ akwa mpaghara, gụnyere mmepụta shweswe nke Da Gama Textiles, atụwo egwu site na asọmpi sitere na nṅomi dị ala dị ọnụ ala nke emere na mpaghara yana ebubata na China na Pakistan .     Enwere ike ịmata ezigbo ngwaahịa ahụ site na mmetụta, isi, ụtọ, ụda, agba siri ike site na ịcha akwa na akara ụghalaahịa n'akụkụ azụ nke akwa ahụ, dị obere karịa nkezi 90. obosara akwa cm na isi ike nke akwa ọhụrụ sitere na starching ọdịnala nke na-asachapụ.     Dị ka ọ dị na Nọvemba 2013, mmepụta shweshwe site na Da Gama Textiles belatara ruo nde mita ise kwa afọ. 

 Na omenala ewu ewu 

 Jill Scott, onye gosipụtara isi agwa Mma Precious Ramotswe na nsonso TV nke Ladies' Detective Agency No. 1, yi uwe ndị si na shweswe mere maka mmepụta.  

 Hụkwa 

 Ihe mpempe akwụkwọ Africa

 Ntụaka 
yana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ),  na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụyana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ),  na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụ

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 Njikọ mpụga 

 Shweswe na nchịkọta ihe mgbe ochie nke British