Ed Dwight

Edward Joseph Dwight Jr. (amuru ya na Septemba 9, 1933) bu onye amuru America, onye ode akwukwo, onye nlere ule mbu, na onye na-enyocha mbara igwe. Ọ bụ onye America mbụ sitere na mmemme ọzụzụ Air Force nke NASA si na ya họrọ ndị na-agụ kpakpando . Ahọpụtaghị ya n'esemokwu ka ọ sonyere NASA n'ọchịchị. O mechara nweta ụgbọ elu mbara igwe na Mee 19, 2024, karịa William Shatner dị ka onye kacha ochie gbagoro na mbara igwe.

 Akụkọ ndụ 

 Ndụ mbido 
A mụrụ Dwight na Septemba 9, 1933, na agbụrụ agbụrụ  Kansas City, Kansas mpaghara, nye Georgia Baker Dwight (1909 – 2006) na Edward Joseph Dwight Sr. (1905 – 1975), onye gbara agba nke abụọ na etiti etiti maka. Ndị eze Kansas City na ndị otu egwuregwu Negro ndị ọzọ sitere na 1924 ruo 1937.   "Negro Leagues Baseball eMuseum: Personal Profiles: Eddie Dwight". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved May 1, 2020. 

Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, Dwight rụrụ ụgbọ elu ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu sitere na igbe oroma n'azụ ụlọ ya.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ bụ onye na-agụsi akwụkwọ ike na onye na-ese ihe nwere nkà bụ onye nwere nkà n'ịrụ ọrụ ma nwee mmasị iji aka ya rụọ ọrụ.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ grade na Our Lady of Perpetual Help na Kansas City. Mgbe ọ na-ebuga akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọ hụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọelu Dayton Ragland, onye isi ojii si Kansas City, n'ihu ihu nke oku . N'ịbụ onye tolitere na nkewa ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ "na-apụ n'anya" ozugbo, bụrụ onye mmụọ nsọ ịgbaso ụzọ ọrụ a mgbe ọ na-eche "Nke a dị nzuzu. Amaghị m na ha na-ekwe ka ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu ojii nweta ebe ọ bụla nso ụgbọ elu. ... Ebee ka o nwetara. zụrụ azụ kedu ka o siri banye n'agha?  Na 1951, ọ ghọrọ nwoke mbụ onye America nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bishop Ward High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katọlik nkeonwe na Kansas City, Kansas. Ọ bụ onye otu National Honor Society wee nweta akwụkwọ mmụta ịga Kansas City Art Institute .    Dwight debanyere aha na Kansas City Junior College wee gụchaa ya na Associate of Arts degree na injinia na 1953.

 Ọrụ 

 Ịnya ụgbọ elu 
Dwight debara aha na United States Air Force na 1953. . eddwight.com. Ed Dwight Studios, Inc. Archived from  on August 9, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2015. Ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ụgbọ elu ya na cadet tupu ụgbọ elu na Lackland Air Force Base dị nso na San Antonio, Texas. Ọ gara njem na Malden Air Base na Malden, Missouri, ka ọ gụchaa ọzụzụ ụgbọ elu mbụ ya. Ọ nwetara ọrụ dịka onye isi nke abụọ nke Air Force na 1955 tupu e kenye ya na Williams Air Force Base, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Phoenix, Arizona .  

Mgbe ọ na-azụ ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu ule, Dwight gara ọmụmụ abalị na Mahadum steeti Arizona . Na 1957, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ sayensị na injinia ikuku .     Dwight mechara gụchaa nkuzi Air Force na nnwale nnwale na nyocha ikuku na Edwards Air Force Base na 1961 na 1962, n'otu n'otu.  O nwetara ọkwa onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na ndị agha ikuku. 

 Ọzụzụ tupu ndị mbara igwe 
Na 1961, Chuck Yeager nọ na-agba ọsọ Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), ihe omume US Air Force nke zigara ụfọdụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na NASA Astronaut Corps . Yeager kwuru na Curtis LeMay kpọrọ ya gwa ya, " Bobby Kennedy chọrọ agba na mbara igwe. Nweta otu n'ime usoro gị." Chuck Yeager, Yeager: An Autobiography (New York: Bantam, 1986), 269–270. A họrọ Dwight ịbanye ARPS obere oge ka akpọchara ekwentị ahụ. Dwight ekwuola na Whitney Young nke National Urban League tinyere echiche nke onye na-enyocha mbara igwe ojii n'isi President Kennedy n'oge nzukọ ya na Kennedy, Young, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. na A. Philip Randolph. Agbanyeghị, n'okwu Dwight, nzukọ a mere na 1959, mgbe Whitney Young bụ onye nchịkwa kọleji amabeghị na Kennedy bụ onye omebe iwu si Massachusetts. Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ nwata kwuru na nzukọ a emeghị. Paul, Richard; Moss, Steven (May 1, 2015). "First of Race in Space: Ed Dwight". We Could Not Fail: The First African Americans in the Space Program. University of Texas Press. pp. 89–104. ISBN 9780292772496. Ka o sina dị, nhọrọ Dwight n'ime mmemme Air Force a dọtara mmasị mgbasa ozi mba ụwa, na Dwight pụtara na mkpuchi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ dị ka Ebony, Jet,  na Sepia .   

Dwight gara n'ihu na Phase II nke ARPS, Multiple sources: mana NASA ahọpụtaghị ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-enyocha mbara igwe. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Air Force na 1966, na-ekwu, dị ka The Guardian si kwuo, na "ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agbụrụ amanyela ya pụọ na NASA wee banye n'òtù ndị ọrụ oge niile".  Brune, AM (May 28, 2015). "Ed Dwight shows 'the angst, all the emotions' of black heroes in sculpture". The Guardian. Retrieved December 21, 2019. Originally from Kansas City, he joined the U.S. Air Force in 1953, where he served as a fighter pilot and was appointed by President John F. Kennedy to train as the country's first black astronaut. He left in 1966, he said, after racial politics forced him out of NASA and back into the regular officer corps.  

N'August 2020, e mere Dwight onye otu Space Force sọpụrụ na Washington, DC 

 Ịkpụ akpụ 
Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na Air Force, Dwight rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye injinia, na ezigbo ala na ụlọ, na maka IBM .  Ọ mepere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ mmanya na Denver.  Dwight bụkwa onye ọchụnta ego na-aga nke ọma n'ịrụ ụlọ na mgbe ụfọdụ "eji igwe scrap arụ ihe". Mmasị nka Dwight nwere n'ịkpụ akpụ na mmasị n'ịmụ banyere akara ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii toro mgbe onye isi ojii mbụ nke Colorado, George L. Brown nyere ya iwu ka o mepụta ihe oyiyi maka ụlọ isi obodo steeti na 1974.  Mgbe emechara, Dwight kwagara Denver wee nweta MFA na ihe ọkpụkpụ si Mahadum Denver na 1977.  Ọ mụtara ka esi arụ ọrụ ihe nrịbama igwe nke Mahadum Denver na etiti 1970s. "Ed Dwight". The HistoryMakers. June 19, 2002. Retrieved July 25, 2015. 

A matawo Dwight maka ojiji ohuru ya nke oghere na-adịghị mma n'ịkpụ ihe.  Nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ ya gụnyere ndị isi ojii na ndị na-akwado ikike obodo, na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu nke ịgba ohu, nnwere onwe, na nrụzigharị.  Ọtụtụ n'ime iberibe ahụ na-egosi naanị ndị isi ojii, mana ihe ọkpụkpụ ụgbọ oloko dị n'okpuru ala na Battle Creek na-asọpụrụ Erastus na Sarah Hussey, bụ ndị na-eduzi ụgbọ okporo ígwè Underground . Ọrụ mbụ nke Dwight bụ ọrụ na 1974 iji mepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Colorado Lieutenant Gọvanọ George L. Brown . N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Colorado Centennial Commission nyere ya ọrụ ka ọ mepụta usoro ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nke akpọrọ "Black Frontier in the American West". 

N'oge na-adịghị ka o mechara ihe ngosi "Black Frontier in the American West", Dwight kere ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi ọla kọpa iri asaa na St. Louis Arch Museum na arịrịọ nke National Park Service . Usoro a, "Jazz: An American Art Form", na-egosi mgbanwe nke jazz na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri jazz dị ka Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, na Charlie Parker . 

A zụlitere Dwight ndị Katọlik, ma jee ozi dị ka nwa nwoke ebe ịchụàjà .  Na 1997, ọ bụ onye na-eduzi ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe oyiyi nke Madonna na Nwa maka nne anyị nke Africa Chapel, ihe owuwu a na-etinye na ndị Katọlik America-American na Basilica nke National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, bụ nnukwu ụka na North America. . Dwight bụ naanị onye omenkà ojii tinyere aka na ọrụ ahụ. A kpọbatara ya na Phi Beta Sigma fraternity dị ka nwanna nwoke na-asọpụrụ na nnọkọ 2023 ha, nke emere na Houston, Texas.  (PDF) National Shrine: ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS OF THE BASILICA. Retrieved October 22, 2021.

 Ihe ọkpụkpụ 
Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị afọ 2019, Dwight emepụtala ihe ọkpụkpụ ncheta 129 na ihe karịrị 18,000 gallery, nke gụnyere eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ.  Ọrụ ya gụnyere ndị a: 
NamePictureLocationUnveiledNotesAfrican American History Monument South Carolina State House grounds – Columbia, South CarolinaAlex Haley / Kunta Kinte MemorialThe City Dock – Annapolis, MarylandBlack Revolutionary War Patriots MemorialConstitution Gardens – Washington, D.C.Captain Walter Dyett StatueChicago, IllinoisConcertoFolly Theater – Kansas City, MissouriDr. Benjamin MaysMorehouse College Commons – Atlanta, GeorgiaDr. Martin Luther King Jr.Anne Arundel Community College – Annapolis, MarylandStatue of Martin Luther King Jr.Houston, TexasDr. Martin Luther King Jr. MemorialCity Park – Denver, ColoradoDr. Martin Luther King Jr. & Coretta Scott KingAllentown, PennsylvaniaGateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground RailroadPhilip A. Hart Plaza – Detroit, MichiganGeorge Washington Williams bustOhio Statehouse – Columbus, OhioHank AaronAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium – Atlanta, GeorgiaInauguration of History and Hope – Inaugural Sculpture Scene of President Barack ObamaTouring exhibitJack Trice MemorialIowa State University – Ames, IowaJazz: An American Art FormSt. Louis Arch Museum – St. Louis, MissouriJohn Hope Franklin Tower of ReconciliationTulsa, OklahomaMayor Harold WashingtonHarold Washington Cultural Center – Chicago, IllinoisMemorial to Rosa Parks, Mother of the Civil Rights MovementGrand Rapids, MichiganMother of Africa ChapelBasilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception – Washington, D.C.Mr. Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass National Historic Site – Washington, D.C.Dwight's first commissionQuincy Jones Sculpture ParkChicago, IllinoisSoldiers MemorialLincoln University – Jefferson City, MissouriTexas African American History MemorialTexas State Capitol – Austin, TexasNovember 19, 2016 Erected by the Texas African American History Memorial Foundation.Tower of Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad110x110pxCivic Esplanade – Windsor, OntarioUnderground Railroad MemorialKellogg Foundation headquarters – Battle Creek, MichiganUnited House of Prayer for All PeopleLincoln Cemetery – Suitland, MarylandWilliam E. Smith, Director of AirportsDenver, ColoradoDenmark Vesey MonumentCharleston, South Carolina2014

 Hụkwa 

 Tuskegee Airmen

 Ntụaka 
akpọchara ekwentị ahụ. Dwight ekwuola na Whitney Young nke National Urban League tinyere echiche nke onye na-enyocha mbara igwe ojii n'isi President Kennedy n'oge nzukọ ya na Kennedy, Young, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. na A. Philip Randolph. Agbanyeghị, n'okwu Dwight, nzukọ a mere na 1959, mgbe Whitney Young bụ onye nchịkwa kọleji amabeghị na Kennedy bụ onye omebe iwu si Massachusetts. Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ nwata kwuru na nzukọ a emeghị. Paul, Richard; Moss, Steven (May 1, 2015). "First of Race in Space: Ed Dwight". We Could Not Fail: The First African Americans in the Space Program. University of Texas Press. pp. 89–104. ISBN 9780292772496. Ka o sina dị, nhọrọ Dwight n'ime mmemme Air Force a dọtara mmasị mgbasa ozi mba ụwa, na Dwight pụtara na

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Official website
 Ed Dwight at IMDb
 Barbaro, Michael (host), The Almost Moon Man, (July 21, 2019) The Daily. The New York Times podcast featuring journalist Emily Ludolph speaking with Ed Dwight.

 DiMeo, Nate, The Ballad of Captain Dwight Archived September 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (August 28, 2015) Episode 75 of The Memory Palace, podcast centered on Dwight's astronaut training. Includes interview extracts.
 I Was Poised to be the First Black Astronaut. I Never Made it to Space. on YouTube (December 19, 2019) part of The New York Times' Almost Famous Op-Doc series.
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