Paule Marshall

Paule Marshall (Eprel 9, 1929 - Ọgọst 12, 2019) bụ onye odee America, mara amara maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ ya na 1959 Brown Girl, Brownstones . Na 1992, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63, e nyere Marshall onyinye MacArthur Fellowship .

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
A mụrụ Marshall Valenza Pauline Burke na Brooklyn, New York.  Adriana Viola Clement Burke na Sam Burke na Eprel 9, 1929.  Nna Marshall esiwo n'agwaetiti Caribbean nke Barbados kwaga New York na 1919 na, n'oge ọ bụ nwata, gbahapụrụ ezinụlọ ahụ ịbanye n'òtù okpukpe dị iche iche, na-ahapụ nwunye ya ka ọ zụọ ụmụ ha naanị ya. Dance, Daryl Cumber. "An Interview of Paule Marshall", The Southern Review 28, no. 1 (Winter 1992). Marshall dere banyere otú ọrụ ya si bụrụ mmụọ site n'ikiri mmekọrịta nne ya na asụsụ: "Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ, ụdị dị ọnụ ala nke nne m na ndị enyi ya nwere. O weghachiri ha n'echiche nke onwe ha ma mee ka ha nwekwuo ùgwù. Site n'asụsụ. ha nwere ike imeri mmechuihu nke ụbọchị ọrụ n'ihu ụwa ha na-enweghị ike ịgbachitere, ha gbabara n'asụsụ." "Notes From the Book Review Archives", The New York Times, March 20, 2018, reprinting excerpt from 1983 essay by Marshall. N'ịbụ onye na-ede uri Paul Laurence Dunbar, Marshall gbanwere aha ya site na Pauline ka ọ bụrụ Paule (na nkịtị e) mgbe ọ dị afọ 12 ma ọ bụ 13. 

Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Bushwick wee debanye aha na Hunter College, Mahadum City nke New York, na atụmatụ nke ịghọ onye ọrụ mmekọrịta. Ọ rịara ọrịa n'oge mahadum wee were ezumike otu afọ, n'oge nke o kpebiri ịga akwụkwọ na English Literature,  mechara nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts na kọleji Brooklyn na 1953 na nzere nna ya ukwu na Hunter College na 1955.  Cardwel,Candace, "Marshall, Paule", in Paul Finkelman, Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present, Oxford University Press, USA, 2009, p. 263. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, Marshall dere maka World Anyị, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ekesa nke mba a na-edezi maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ America-American, bụ nke o kwuru na ọ kụziiri ịdọ aka ná ntị ya na ederede ma mesịa nyere ya aka n'ịde akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Brown Girl, Brownstones .  Na 1950, ọ lụrụ onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ bụ Kenneth Marshall; ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1963. N'afọ ndị 1970, ọ lụrụ Nourry Menard, onye ọchụnta ego Haiti . "Paule Marshall", Voices from the Gaps – University of Minnesota.

 Na-arụ ọrụ 

mmụọ site n'ikiri mmekọrịta nne ya na asụsụ: "Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ, ụdị dị ọnụ ala nke nne m na ndị enyi ya nwere. O weghachiri ezumike otu afọ, n'oge nke o kpebiri ịga akwụkwọ na English Literature,  mechara 

 Nwa agbọghọ Brown, Brownstones (Ụlọ Random, 1959; The Feminist Press, 1981)
 Aka na-akụ mkpụrụ obi na-abụ abụ (akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ dị mkpụmkpụ; Atheneum, 1961)
 Ebe ahọpụtara, ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe (Harcourt, 1969)
 Reena na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ (The Feminist Press na CUNY, 1983)
 Abụ otuto maka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ (Putnam, 1983 ) (Ewegharịrị 2021, McSweeney's; mkpuchi siri ike  ), na mmalite nke Opal Palmer Adisa .)
 Merle: A Novella, na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ (Virago Press, 1985)
 Ụmụ nwanyị (Atheneum, 1991)
 Eze Fisher : Akwụkwọ akụkọ (2001)
 Ụzọ Triangular : A Memoir (Akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi nke Civitas, 2009)

 Kwuo okwu 
"Aghọtara m na ọ bụ ihe ejiji ugbu a ịchụpụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịnala dị ka ihe anachronism, mana m ka ọ ka bụ ụdị dị mkpa. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-enye ohere maka ụdị ederede zuru oke, nke zuru oke nke m hụrụ n'anya ... ọ na-enye m ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa yana ịchọpụta ma ọnọdụ ime nke ndị m na-agụ, yana ụwa ndị gafere ha." De Veaux, Alexis, "Paule Marshall: In Celebration of Our Triumph", Essence, May 1979.

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ajụjụ ọnụ ọdịyo 1991 na Paule Marshall na Wired for Books.org nke Don Swaim.
 "Paule Marshall – Triangular Road – Part 1", Connie Martinson Talks Books   .
 "Paule Marshall: Coming of Age"   .
 Felicia R. Lee, "Njem njem nke nwa agbọghọ na Brooklyn", The New York Times, Maachị 11, 2009.