Chester Commodore

Chester Commodore (August 22, 1914 - April 10, 2004) bụ onye Africa-America na-ese ihe nkiri nke mere ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị. O ritere ọtụtụ ihe nrite site na 1972 ruo 1980. 

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ ya na Racine, Wisconsin, Commodore bụ nwa Peter D. Thomas, onye bụbu ohu na onye isi Africa America mbụ a họpụtara na Wisconsin. Nne na nna ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị kwagara Chicago na 1923, mana Chester na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye nọrọ na Racine na nne nne ya n'ụlọ obibi ya ruo mgbe ọ kwagara Chicago n'afọ 1927.  Commodore zụlitere mmasị na ihe ọchị na nka mgbe ọ dị obere, nwanne nna ya bụ John Prophet gbara ya ume. Mgbe ya na nne nne ya bi, o nwere ohere izute ndị egwu na ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ ndị ama ama n'Afrịka na America bụ ndị a chụpụrụ na họtel na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị ọcha na Chicago na Milwaukee.

 Ọrụ 
Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Tilden Technical High School, ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nka. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche iji kwado onwe ya, gụnyere dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na onye na-arụzi ụgbọala, wee nweta ọrụ na Pullman Company. Ọ na-ese ihe mgbe niile, ma tinye ihe osise ya na bọọdụ mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ. Onye ọka iwu America na onye na-ede ihe ọchị bụ James Rice nwere mmasị n'ọrụ Commodore ma tụọ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe na Minneapolis Star na 1938, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nyekwara Commodore ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, a kagbuola ọrụ ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere, ebe ndị ọrụ ahụ amaghị na ọ bụ onye Africa America.

N'afọ 1948, ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ na mba ahụ mere ka e nwee ọrụ na The Chicago Defender, ebe ọ pụtara n'agbanyeghị na ọ nweghị ahụmahụ ọ bụla dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ.Otfinoski, Steven (2014-05-14). African Americans in the Visual Arts. Infobase Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4381-0777-6. na-eme nhazi, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ malitere ise ihe osise maka akwụkwọ. Akara mbụ ya, na 1948, akpọrọ The Sparks . Ọ weghaara ihe nkiri Jay Jackson bụ Bungleton Green na mbido afọ 1950 ma nye aka na ihe nkiri The Ravings of Professor Doodle na So What?. Mgbe Jay Jackson nwụrụ na 1954, obere oge tupu ikpe ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu Brown v. Board of Education, Commodore weghaara ọrụ ya na-ese ihe osise maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.

Mgbe e gbusịrị Martin Luther King Jr. na 1968, Commodore malitere ilekwasị anya n'ụzọ sara mbara na nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-eche ndị Afrịka America ihu, gụnyere ịda ogbenye, na nchụpụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Site na 1974 ọ na-ese ihe nkiri zuru ezu kwa izu maka mkpuchi nke mgbakwunye nka kwa izu nke Defender, Accent. Usoro ahụ were ihe karịrị afọ ise. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na The Defender, Commodore weere onye na-ese ihe Marie Antoinette Merriweather n'okpuru nku ya, o mechara chọta ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, Teddy Bear Graphics . Jackson, Tim (2016-04-21). Pioneering Cartoonists of Color. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4968-0480-8.

 Ezinụlọ 
Commodore lụrụ di ugboro atọ. N'ime afọ 1930, ọ lụrụ Marie "Ruby" Bazel, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ; Chesterfield Commodore Jr. na Philip Joseph Commodore. Ọ laghachiri Chicago n'afọ 1940, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ebubata ihe.Howard, Sheena; Priest, Christopher (2017-09-15). Encyclopedia of Black Comics. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-68275-168-8.

N'afọ 1955, Commodore lụrụ nwunye ya nke atọ, Mattye Marcia Buchanan Hutchins Nails, wee bụrụ nna nkuchi nwa ya nwanyị Lorin na nwa ya nwoke William Hutchins. Alụmdi na nwunye ha dịgidere ruo mgbe Mattye nwụrụ na 1990."Chester Commodore Papers". Chicago Public Library. Retrieved 2020-10-01.Howard, Sheena; Priest, Christopher (2017-09-15). Encyclopedia of Black Comics. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-68275-168-8.

 Ndụ na ọnwụ 
Commodore na nwunye ya lara ezumike nká na Colorado Springs, Colorado na 1981, mana na 1992 ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ maka Defender, na-enye aka na eserese kwa izu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2004.  Commodore pụtakwara na ihe ngosi 1998 The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords, nke Stanley Nelson Jr. duziri.

 Ihe Nketa 
N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Commodore gosipụtara ndị Africa America n'ụzọ dị ùgwù, a na-ewerekwa ọrụ ya dị ka nzọụkwụ dị mkpa site na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ndị Africa America, ọkachasị na egwuregwu."Guide to the Chester Commodore Papers, 1914-2004". mts.lib.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-28. Nwa nwanyị Commodore bụ Lorin Nails-Smoote nyere Chester Commodore Papers, nke gụnyere ihe osise mbụ, akwụkwọ ozi, foto na onyinye na Chicago Public Library na 2007. N'afọ sochirinụ, ihe ngosi ọha na eze n'efu nke akpọrọ "Chester Commodore, 1914-2004: Ọrụ na Ndụ nke onye ọsụ ụzọ na-ese ihe nkiri nke agba" meghere n'ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ.

 Onyinye na nsọpụrụ 
N'oge ọrụ ya, Commodore ritere ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye nchịkọta akụkọ, a họpụtakwara ya maka Pulitzer Prize ugboro iri na abụọ.Otfinoski, Steven (2014-05-14). African Americans in the Visual Arts. Infobase Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4381-0777-6.
+Ndepụta nke onyinyeAfọIhe nriteNjikọ1980Ihe nrite nke ihe ịga nke ọmaNtọala Lu Palmer1978Ihe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association1977Ihe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association1976Ihe nrite ọla edo maka ihe osiseOnye na-ese ihe nkiri PROfiles MagazineIhe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers AssociationIhe nrite nke ihe ịga nke ọmaNzukọ Mba nke Ndị Kraịst na Ndị Juu1975Ihe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association1974Ihe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association1973Ihe nrite nke ihe ịga nke ọmaChicago Newspaper GuildOnye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma n'afọ Howard, Sheena; Priest, Christopher (2017-09-15). Encyclopedia of Black Comics. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-68275-168-8.Onye na-ese ihe nkiri PROfiles MagazineIhe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association1972Ihe nkiri kacha mmaNational Newspaper Publishers Association

 Ihe ngosi 

 "Chester Commodore, 1914-2004: Ọrụ na Ndụ nke onye ọsụ ụzọ na-ese ihe nkiri nke agba". Carter G. Woodson Regional Library. 2008.

 Edensibia 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations