Pascal Cost

Xavier Pascal Coste (26 Nọvemba 1787 – 8 February 1879) bụ onye France na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ bụ n'otu oge onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka Muhammad Ali Pasha . Dị ka onye njem nwere ahụmahụ, njem ya na Qajar Iran kpalitere mmasị nke Eze Louis Philippe I na nke ahụ nwetara Coste ọkwa nke onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Marseille na 1844.

 Ndụ 
A mụrụ Coste na Marseille, ebe nna ya bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebute ụzọ . N'igosi nkwa ọgụgụ isi na nka nka, Coste malitere ọmụmụ ya na studio nke Michel-Robert Penchaud, architect of the departement and municipalite. Na 1814, a nabatara ya na  na Paris . Oge ya na Paris bụ ihe dị mkpa na ndụ ya - n'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere onye na-ahụ maka ọdịdị ala Edme-François Jomard, bụ onye tinyere ya na osote onye isi ala Ijipt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, bụ onye weere Coste dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya na 1817.

Na 1825, Coste laghachiri na France na ọmarịcha usoro eserese nke ihe owuwu nke Cairo, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ gara Egypt ọzọ na arịrịọ Ali, ebe Ali mere ya onye isi injinia maka Lower Egypt . Coste nọrọ ebe ahụ afọ anọ, n'oge ahụ ọ chịkọtara ọtụtụ ihe osise, ma a kọrọ na ọ hụrụ na ihu igwe Ijipt siri ike wee laghachi France na 1829. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na École des Beaux-Arts dị na Paris, n'ihi na njikọ ọ debere na Penchaud. Ọ nọgidere na ọkwa a ruo 1861, mgbe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi nke a maara dị ka Athénée.

N'otu aka ahụ na ihe omume ndị a, ọ gara gburugburu France na Germany, Belgium na Tunisia, bụ ebe o mepụtara ọtụtụ ikike ọrụ na ije; ihe owuwu ya arabe (1827) mere ka ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchite anya eze France na Shah Persian . Na Iran, Coste na onye na-ese ihe Eugène Flandin nyere ikike ịga leta Azerbaijan Iran, Isfahan, Shiraz na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Ecbatana, Bistun, Taq-e Bostan, Kangavar, Pasargadae na Persepolis, ebe o mere ọtụtụ ihe osise. Mgbe o si na Baghdad lọta, ọ hụrụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Seleucia, Ctesiphon na Babilọn . Ọ gara n’ihu site na Ninive, bụ́ ebe ọkà mmụta ihe ochie bụ́ Paul-Émile Botta na-ejekwa na-aga ịmalite igwu olulu ya.
Njem Middle East ya kpalitere mmasị nke Louis Philippe I wee nweta Coste ọkwa onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Marseille na 1844. Na 1846, onye isi oche nke Chambre de Commerce, M. Luce, nyere ọrụ site na Coste the Bourse na Marseille's Canebière . Coste bụkwa onye malitere ọrụ ihe owuwu abụọ ọzọ na Marseille — owuwu nke faculté aux allées de Meilhan, yana ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere château d'eau na Longchamps. Ọ malitekwara iwu ụlọ na abattoir d'Arenc, nke emechara naanị na 1851.

Onye njem na-agwụ ike, ọbụnadị ihe karịrị 80, ọ gara Spain, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Russia na Italy . Ọ hapụrụ ọba 30 nke eserese mgbe ọ nwụrụ, nke a na-eme ugbu a na Bibliothèque de Marseille, n'agbanyeghị na ebipụtaghị ụfọdụ edemede ya. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke ndụ ya, e mere ya onye isi nke Légion d'honneur . Ọ nwụrụ na 92 ma lie ya na cimetière Saint-Pierre na Marseille .

 Ụlọ 

 Eglise Saint-Lazare, Marseille, 1833
 Eglise Saint-Joseph, Marseille, 1833
 Eglise de Saint-Barnabé, Marseille, 1846
 Eglise de Mazargues, Marseille, 1851
 Palais de la Bourse (Marseille)
 Pavillons nke nkuzi Saint-Louis na Marseille

 Na-arụ ọrụ 

 Ebipụtara 

 Map nke Lower Egypt, nke a raara nye Muhammad Ali, PC, tọgbọrọ ụzọ na nyocha, 1818–1827, slnd v. 1830, 4to.
 Rịba ama na dolmen dị na Draguignan, ya na Audiffret, nke Barlatier - Feissat na Demonchy deziri, sd, 8vo.
 Ihe owuwu nke Arab na ihe ncheta nke Cairo, tụrụ na eserese site na 1818 ruo 1826, nke Firmin Didot deziri, 1837 g. na-°F, 70 dị larịị.
 Njem na Persia, ya na Fladin, nke Gide na Baudry deziri, 1851, 2 vols. 8vo, na 6-in-f Celsius nke ihe niile nke efere ise na 1 nke ndetu.
 Ihe ncheta Persia nke oge a tụrụ atụ, see ma kọwaa ya , nke Morel deziri, 1867 g . na-f °, 71 pl. ndetu na olu.
 Katidral nke Saint Petersburg. Katidral Marseille n'ọdịnihu , nke Olive deziri, 1874, br, 8vo.
 Palais de la Bourse, Marseille , nke Olive deziri, 1874, br, 8vo.
 Ebe nchekwa nke onye na-ese ihe, nke Olive deziri, 1874, br, 8vo.
 Ihe ndetu na ihe ncheta (1817-1877) , nke Cayer deziri, 1878, 2 vols. 8vo, Portr.

 Ebipụtaghị ya 

 Njem njem nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị nnọchi anya France na Persia n'okpuru Comte de Sercey, na njem sayensị nke ndị nka abụọ mere ọrụ a. (Mpịakọta abụọ nke ederede nwere onyonyo yana atlases nke efere 9)
 Ihe ncheta nke Europe ... eserese... ọnụ... site na 1832 ruo 1872. Ụgbọ elu 11. na 1187 iberibe, maka Britain, na Scandinavian mba, Russian alaeze ukwu, German, Austro-Hungarian, Switzerland, Berlgique, Holland, Spain na Italy.
 Ihe ncheta nke France ... 1828–1876... , otu olu nwere 1491 flat.
 Ihe ncheta nke North Africa (inc na Egypt, Barbary States, Spain) , mpịakọta 8 nwere flat 1253.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 (in French) Institut national d'histoire de l'art: COSTE, Pascal-Xavier