Mmiri ala na Naijiria

A na-eji mmiri dị n'ime ala na Naijiria eme ihe maka ụlọ, ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ ihe pacenti iri isii nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ niile dabere na isi mmiri dị n'ime ala maka isi mmiri ọñụñụ ha dị pacenti iri asaa na atọ n'ime ime obodo yana pacenti iri anọ na ise n'ime  obodo.  [1] Obodo Calabar na Port Harcourt dabere kpamkpam na mmiri dị n'ime ala maka mmiri ha.

N'afọ 2013, e nwere ihe dị ka olulu mmiri puku iri isii na ise  na Naijiria na-ihe ruru nde isii , puku narị atọ na iri anọ m 3 kwa ụbọchị.  [1] [2] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a (ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ puku iri anọ na ise ) nwere ntuli aka ma jiri ya mee mmiri n'ime ime obodo na obere obodo. Ministry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan

Atụmatụ maka mkpokọta mmiri ala a na-eji ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe.  Otu ọgbakọ maka nri na ọrụ ugbo mba United (FAO) na-eme mmemme na Naijiria nwera nde puku iri asatọ na asaa m 3 kwa afọ nke ihe eji ala mmiri a na-ekiri.  [2] Ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mba ụwa Japan  (JICA) na-eme akwụkwọ na mkpokọta ịrụ ọnụ mmiri ala kwa afọ bụ nde puku narị iri ise nà ise, narị asatọ  m 3 / afọ.  Nchaji na- agbanwe n'ofe obodo ahụ yana ihu igwe na-achịkwa ya: nchaji dị ụgbọ n'ebe ugwu nke mba n'ihi oke ikuku na mmiri ozuzo dị ala.

 Gburugburu mmiri dị n'ime ala 

 Geology 
Ihe mmụta dị n'ala nke Naijiria na-agụnye nnukwu ebe Precambrian okpuru ulo nkume dị na ala elu, na ndị ọzọ nnukwu ebe ebe nkume ulo na-eto eto sedimentary nkume .  [2] [3] N'ebe ugwu mgbaka, okwute sedimentary ndị a nwere n'ụzọ ka ukwuu nke Tertiary na Cretaceous nkume nke Sokoto Basin (n'ebe ndịda ọmụmụ nke Iullemmeden Basin ), bụ nke m nkume dị iche iche.  nke ájá na ụrọ, nwere obere nkume nzu .  N'ebe igwu egwuregwu, okwute Tertiary na Quaternary nke Chad Basin nwere okwute aja, siltstone na shale.  N'etiti Naijiria, n'ụdị osimiri Benue na Niger, bụ Tertiary na Cretaceous sedimentary nkume nke Benue na Nupe Basin.  Basin Benue nwere ajị kọntinent nke mmiri na estuarine shales na limestones kpuchiri, ebe Basin Nupe nwere nnukwu aja aja kọntinent, siltstones, ụrọ na conglomerates.

N'oke osimiri, n'ime mpaghara Niger Delta Basin, na- nnukwu sedimenti na-akwadoghị nke Tertiary ruo Quaternary age, nke nwere aja na-menye ntụ na nke nwere obere peat, silts, ụrọ na-achọpụta.
Nkume ndị dị n'okpuru ala na-etolite karị aquifers na-arụpụta ihe dị ala ma na-agafeghị oke ebe mmiri mmiri dị n'ime ala na-etinye uche na mgbaji, na mgbe mgbe na uwe elu ihu igwe, nke nwere ike ịmalite na elu ole na ole ruo iri iri nke mita. A na-agbacha karị olulu mmiri dị n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala ruo omimi nke iri  rue iri asaa m, dabere na ọnọdụ mpaghara. Ogo mmiri dị na aquifers ndị a na-adịkarị mma. Tijani M, Crane E, Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard I (2018). Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Nigeria. British Geological Survey. Accessed 26 August 2019

 Aquifers sedimentary 
Nkume dị n'okpuru ala, nke dị na ndịda, nke Benue Basin na-etolite olulu mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ebe mmiri dị n'ime ala na-etinye n'ime mgbaji. Mkpụrụ olulu mmiri na-adịgasị iche site na  lita abụọ rue na  asatọ  kwa nkeji (l/s), mana ọ nwere ike ịdị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa nke a dabere n'ókè nke mgbaji na ihu igwe. Aquifers na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na nke a na-ejighị n'aka, nwere olulu mmiri sitere na iri anọ ruo na otu narị na iri ise m miri emi. Enwere ike ime ka mmiri dị n'ime ala sitere na aquifers ndị a nke ukwuu. Tijani M, Crane E, Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard I (2018). Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Nigeria. British Geological Survey. Accessed 26 August 2019

Nkume dị n'elu Benue Basin na-etolitekarị aquifers na-arụpụta ihe dị ala ma na-agafeghị oke, na-amịpụta olulu mmiri dị iche n'etiti  òtù na litas ise. Ọgbara mmiri dị n'ime ala na-abụkarị intergranular na olulu mmiri nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na omimi site na iri atọ ruo narị atọ m. Ogo mmiri dị n'ime ala na-adịkarị mma. Tijani M, Crane E, Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard I (2018). Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Nigeria. British Geological Survey. Accessed 26 August 2019

Nkume dị na Basin Nupe na-etolite obere mmiri na-amịpụta nke ọma. Mmiri dị n'ime ala na-emekarị site na oghere oghere dị na nkume, bụ nke na-adịkarị mma nke ọma na obere ciment, na-egbochi ikike mmiri dị n'ime ala. N'ebe nkume ájá ndị siri ike na-achị, a ga-enweta mkpụrụ nke abụọ ruo l/s anọ; akwa basal conglomerate nwere ike ịkwado mkpụrụ dị elu. Offodile ME (2002). Groundwater study and development in Nigeria. Mecon Services Ltd, Jos, Nigeria.

Mkpụrụ olulu mmiri na nkume dị na Sokoto Basin na-agbanwe nke ukwuu, mana ọ nwere ike ịdị oke ma na-amịpụta nke ọma ebe nkume ndị na-agba agba na-achị. Enwere ike ijide nkume aja dị n'okpuru ebe akwa nkume aja dị elu anaghị ekpochi ya.

Nhazi Chad, nke a mmekọrịta na Basin Chad, na-etolite oke mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-enwetakwa ihe ruru 30 L/s.  Ọsọ mmiri dị n'ime ala na-enwe ike intergranular na aquifers nwere ike ike ikwu ma ọ bụ kpachie dabere na mpaghara mpaghara.  A na-akpachi ụzọ akwa akwa aja dị njikere.  Nhazi Gombe, ikike na Chad Basin, ikike dị ala na-enye nke ihe dịka otu ruo ise L/s.  Àgwà mmiri eke sitere na usoro abụọ a na-ama mma.

 Igneous Aquifers 
Nkume ugwu mgbawa na-emekwa na Nigeria, na-etolite nnukwu mmiri mmiri dị ala ma na-amịpụta nke ọma. Mkpụrụ olulu mmiri na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị 3 l/s ma enwere ike gwuo ya na omimi nke ihe dịka 15 ruo 50 m.

 Aquifers na-enweghị atụ 
Nkume a na-esighi ike, nke na-emekarị na mpaghara Niger Delta Basin nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'akụkụ nnukwu ndagwurugwu mmiri, na-etolite nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-arụpụta ihe. Akwukwo mmiri nke Alluvial bụ nke enweghị tebụl mmiri na-emighị emi ma bụrụ nke kachasị (15 – 30 m) n'akụkụ osimiri Niger na Benue.

Na Niger Delta Basin, Deltaic Formation nke elu adịghị akpata ya na nke a na-ejighị ya na mmiri mmiri na-emighị emeri (0-10 m n'okpuru ala).  [3] Nhazi Benin ochie bụ nke ikere n'otu akwụkwọ.  Ọ bụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka (nke dị n' ahụ site na akwa akwa ndị nwere ike ime ya) na onye mmiri na-akpa n'etiti 3 na 15 m n'okpuru ọkwa ala, mana ọ nwere ike  iru 55 m miri emi.  [3] Aquifers na Niger Delta Basin nwere ike inye ike sitere na 3 ruo 60 L/s na omimi miri emi sitere na 10 ruo 800 m.  Njinye na-site site na mmiri ozuzo.  Ihe gbasara fim mma mmiri mmiri salinity, n'ihi mmetụta mmiri nke oke osimiri, ire, na mmetọ sitere na mmadụ, ị n'ime ime obodo.

 Okwu mmiri dị n'ime ala 

 Mmiri dị n'ime ala 
Nnyocha e mere n'afo 1996 nke Ministri na-ahụ maka mmiri na-ahụ maka mmiri na-achọpụta na ọ bụ nanị pasenti 63 nke olulu mmiri dị na Nigeria na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọtụtụ ndị anaghị arụ ọrụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke mgbapụta mmiri. JICA (2014). The project for review and update of Nigeria national water resources master plan; Vol.2.

Enwere okwu mpaghara nke mwepu nke mmiri dị n'ime ala, na-ebute mbelata ọkwa nke mmiri dị n'ime ala yana, n'aka ụfọdụ, ike ala.  a bụ nke ejekwa n'ime ọ dọ mmiri ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime obodo mepere emepe na ala mmiri dị na ndị eze, na Lagos na Port Harcourt. Ministry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan

Enwere nsogbu na ụkọ mmiri mmiri na-ebute mbelata ọkwa mmiri dị n'ime ala, ma n'oge oge n'oge ọkọchị, yana n'oge ogologo oge nke obere mmiri ozuzo.  Nke a bụ okwu maka mpaghara aquifers dị ala, ma n'ebe ugwu ebe mmiri ozuzo dị ọkụ na na ndịda, ebe mmiri ozuzo dị elu.  [1] mmetụta ihu igwe nwere ike ime na ɔkwa mmiri dị n'ime ala, akwụkwọ ya na mkpa mmiri na- agbanwe, na-amata na Atụmatụ ukwu nke ihe mnwata mmiri nke mba. Ministry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan

 Ogo nke mmiri dị n'ime ala 
Mmetọ mmiri dị n'ime ala onye mmadụ (nwere ugbo, ihe mkpofu ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ) bụ okwu dị n'ime mmiri na-emighị emi, ndị ebe nchekwa na- manyere ike ịgbasa, nke na-achọ obere mfe na  ihe omume elu.  Edekọkwala ihe gbasara fimmma mmiri dị n'ime ala.  Ọmụmaatụ nke a na-agụnye nnukwu salinity na-emighị emi alluvial aquifers n'ihi mgbasa nke mkpofu  ihe mnweta alana nnukwu ozi na manganese ịta n'ime mmachi aquifers nwere obere etisasiwo oxygen (ie anaerobic ) British Geological Survey & WaterAid. 2003. Groundwater Quality: Nigeria. WaterAid Groundwater Quality Factsheets by Country

 Mmiri dị n'ime ala 

 Iullemeden, Taoudeni/Tanezrout Aquifer Systems (ITAS), nke Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger na Nigeria kesara.
 Chad Basin Aquifer, nke Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger na Nigeria kesara.
 Keta Basin Aquifers, nke Ghana, Togo, Benin na Nigeria kesara.
 Ụgbọ mmiri Benue, nke Cameroon na Nigeria na-ekekọrịta
 Basin Rio Del Rey, nke Cameroon na Nigeria kesara n'akụkụ oke osimiri.

Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Consultation Mechanism for the Integrated Management of the Water Resources of the Iullemeden Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems (ITAS) (Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritani, Niger, Nigeria), 2nd Council of Ministers of GICRESAIT Project, Abuja (Nigeria) 28 March 2014

 Nlekọta mmiri dị n'ime ala 

 Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) nke ọrụ ya bụ akụrụngwa mmiri (mmiri ala na elu mmiri) nyocha nke obodo; ọnụ ọgụgụ ya, àgwà ya, nnweta na nkesa na oge na ohere
 Nigeria Integrated Water Resources Management Commission (NIWRMC) nke na-ahụ maka nhazi nke iji mmiri na oke.
 Ndị ministri na-ahụ maka mmiri mmiri na steeti ha na ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-enye mmiri na ime ime obodo (RUWATSSAN), bụ ndị na-ahụ maka inye mmiri na steeti ha dị iche iche.
 National Water Resources Institute, parastatal nke Federal Ministry of Water Resources, nwere ọrụ maka ọzụzụ, nyocha na njikwa data metụtara mmiri n'ozuzu ya.
 Ndị ọchịchị niile na-ahụ maka mmepe nke River Basin, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na-ahụ maka mmiri mmiri na-etinye aka n'ịkwanye mmiri na gburugburu ime obodo n'ime ọdọ mmiri ha.

Otu Nigeria Association of Hydrogeologists (NAH) bụ otu anụ na-ahụ maka usoro ziri ezi na omume kacha mma na nchacha, njikwa na njikwa mmiri Nigeria.  NAH na-ekesa ozi gbasara akụ mmiri nke mba ahụ site na ngosi kwa afọ na ndị akwụkwọ, Water Resources.  Site n'ịbụ onye so na ngalaba nke Hydrology na Hydrogeology Subcommittee nke National Technical Committee on Water Resources (NTCWR), ogwe aka nka nke National Council of Water Resources (NCWR), NAH na-enye aka na nke usoro iwu na iwu mmiri.  , mmiri mmiri mmiri.  Iwu Iwu 100 na iwu Naijiria maka ụmụ mma mmirika.

Ndị ọrụ Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA), ụlọ ọrụ nke Federal Ministry of Water Resources, nwere ọrụ maka ọrụ mmiri dị n'ime ala.  Enwere mmemme nleba anya n'ọkwa mmiri dị n'ime ala nke nwere ebe nleba anya iri anọ na atọ, nke 32 n'ime ha nwere ndị nchekwa data.  A na-etinye ihe ndị a na okpuru ulo na sedimentary aquifers.  Ugboro nleba anya na saịtị nwere ndị na-edekọ data bụ kwa ụbọchị, na mgbe ụfọdụ ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị.

NIHSA emejuputala mmemme nke igwu mmiri olulu mmiri ọhụrụ maka ileba anya n'ọkwa mmiri dị n'ime ala. Ụlọ olulu mmiri ọhụrụ a na-elekwasị anya n'ọdọ mmiri sedimentary a na-eji eme mmiri mmiri n'obodo ukwu; na ogbu mmiri nke 80 ruo 100 m. Ministry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan A na-echekwa data nlekota ala mmiri n'isi ụlọ ọrụ NIHSA dị na Abuja.

NIHSA na-ahụkwa maka nleba anya ogo mmiri, mana ka ọ dịbeghị mmemme zuru oke n'ihi enweghị akụrụngwa.

The National Water Resources Master Plan na-amata nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a na nnweta na njikwa data nke ala mmiri dị irè, ma na-atụ aro atụmatụ maka imeziwanye ọnọdụ a. Ministry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan

  This article incorporates text from a free content work.  Licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0. Text taken from Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Nigeria​,  Tijani M, Crane E, Upton K, O Dochartaigh BE, British Geological Survey.  

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 Njikọ mpụga 

 https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm
 http://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Nigeria
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