Ịkụ (anụmanụ)

Ịkụ mkpụrụ bụ iwepụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ ihe niile dị na mpụga ntị anụmanụ. Usoro a na-agụnye mgbe ụfọdụ nkwado nkwado na ịpị ntị nke fọdụrụnụ iji zụọ ha ka ha tụọ aka ọtọ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nanị na-eme na nkịta, ọ bụ omume ochie nke e mere maka ahụike aghọtara, ihe bara uru ma ọ bụ ihe ịchọ mma. Sayensị ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ na-ekwu na ọ nweghị uru ahụike ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ maka anụmanụ site na usoro ahụ, na-eduga na nchegbu nke obi ọjọọ nke anụmanụ maka ịwa anụmanụ na-enweghị isi. N'oge a, amachibidoro ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ n'ọtụtụ mba, mana ọ ka bụ nke iwu kwadoro na mba ole na ole. Ebe a na-anabata ya, a na-ahụ ya naanị n'ụdị nkịta ụfọdụ, dị ka olulu ehi na ụdị anụ ọhịa, Doberman Pinscher, Schnauzer, Great Dane, Boxer na Cane Corso..

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ebumnuche 
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eme ihe ọkụkụ na nkịta na-arụ ọrụ dịka a kwenyere na ọ ga-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu ahụike, dị ka ọrịa ntị ma ọ bụ hematomas. A na-akọkwa ihe ọkụkụ na nkịta ndị nwere ike ịdị mkpa ịlụ ọgụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ha na-achụ nta anụ ndị nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ ma ọ bụ na-echebe ìgwè anụ ụlọ n'aka ndị na-eri anụ, ma ọ bụ n'ihi na a na-eji ha eme egwuregwu ọgụ dị ka ọgụ nkịta ma ọ bụ anụ ọhịa bea..

 Akụkọ mmalite 
Omume Ndị Rom bụ ịkụ nkịta ntị iji zere mmebi na mmerụ ahụ n'ịlụ ọgụ ịchụ nta; na ọdụ ọdụ a na-eme iji zere ibufe ọrịa rabies.

 Ụdị ndị nche 
Ịkpụ ntị nke Nkịta na-echebe anụ ụlọ bụ, ma ọ ka nwere ike ịbụ, omenala n'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ. A na-egbutu ntị nke nkịta ndị a na-eche nche - dị ka Caucasian Shepherd Dog  na Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog - iji belata ohere nke anụ ọhịa wolf ma ọ bụ nkịta ndị iro na-ejide ha. 

Dị ka otu nkọwa si kwuo, a na-akụ ihe ubi mgbe a na-enye ụmụ nkịta ara, n'ihe dị ka izu isii. Ọ bụ onye ọzụzụ atụrụ meworo agadi ma ọ bụ ọkachamara na-eme ya, na-eji ụta nkịtị a na-eji akpụ isi, nke a na-akpụ akpụ nke ọma. A na-ebipụ ntị ya ma ọ bụ ruo n'ókè dị ka nke nkịta ọhịa, ma ọ bụ gbaa gburugburu dị ka nke anụ ọhịa bea. A na-ebu ụzọ sie oghere ndị e wepụrụ,  mgbe ahụ, nye nwa nkịta ka ọ rie, na nkwenye na ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe "na-esi ísì ụtọ". Breber, Paolo (1983). "The Maremmano-Abruzzese shepherd dog". Il Cane da Pastore Maremmano-Abruzzese [The Maremmano-Abruzzese Shepherd Dogs] (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Olimpia: Firenze. pp. 98–99.
Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it) Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iwepụ ntị n'aka ụmụ nkịta a mụrụ ọhụrụ site na ịmegharị ha; Otú ọ dị, nke a hapụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ntị mpụga na nkịta ahụ. A kọwara ma igbu ntị na iji okpu olu nwere spiked ihe karịrị narị afọ atọ gara aga, dị ka ihe nchebe megide anụ ọhịa wolf.

 Ịlụ ọgụ 
Dị ka ụdị ndị na-eche nche, na ọgụ egwuregwu, a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịta ntị na ijide ya. Ntị bụ ihe dị mfe maka anụmanụ na-emegide ya ijide ma ọ bụ dọwaa ya. Nkịta nwere ike igbu ntị ha, n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, maka isonye na ọgụ nkịta, n'onwe ha iwu na-akwadoghị n'ọtụtụ ikike.

 Omume nke oge a 
N'afọ 2000, dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ Bruce Fogle dere, sị: 


 Usoro 
A maara usoro ọgwụ anụmanụ dị ka "cosmetic Otoplasty",  ma na-agụnye iwepụ akụkụ nke pinnae, mpụga flap nke ntị. A na-emekarị ka ụmụ nkịta na-egbutu ihe mgbe ha dị izu 7 ruo 12. Mgbe izu iri na isii gasịrị, usoro ahụ na-afụ ụfụ karịa ma anụmanụ ahụ nwere ncheta ihe mgbu ka ukwuu. A na-ewepụkarị ihe ruru  nke oghere ntị n'ọrụ ịkpụcha, a na-ejikwa ihe na-emechi ọnụ ọnyá ahụ.  Mgbe ahụ, a na-ekpuchi ntị. A na-etinye ihe ọkụkụ ogologo ruo mgbe ha gwọrọ n'ụdị kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-atụ aro ka a mee usoro ahụ n'okpuru anesthesia n'ozuzu; nchegbu ndị mmegide na-elekwasị anya na mgbu mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị.

Ụlọ akwụkwọ anụmanụ ndị America anaghị akụzi ihe ọkụkụ (ma ọ bụ ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri), ya mere ndị dọkịta anụmanụ na-eme omume ahụ ga-amụta ọrụ ahụ. Enwekwara nsogbu na ndị na-amụrụ ihe na-eme ka ntị na-egbutu, ọkachasị na ụlọ nkịta.

N'ime afọ 100 gara aga ma ọ bụ karịa, a na-eme ka a na-egbutu ntị ugboro ugboro maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma. Murgai, R.P., Major (1996). Handbook on Dogs. New Delhi, IN: New Age International. p. 46. ISBN 9788122408935.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list Na mba na steeti ebe ọ ka bụ iwu, a na-emekarị ya n'ihi na achọrọ ya dị ka akụkụ nke ụkpụrụ agbụrụ maka ngosi na Ihe ngosi nkịta. Na US, ọ bụ ezie na ịdọrọ ọdụ, iwepụ akara igwu mmiri, na usoro neutering ka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ịkpụ ntị na-ebelata, ma e wezụga n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ngosi nkịta. Ụfọdụ ndị na-asọmpi mgbaaka na-ekwu na ha ga-akwụsị omume ahụ kpamkpam ma ọ bụrụ na ha ka nwere ike "mmeri na mgbaaka".

 Ihe atụ nke ụdị owuwe ihe ubi 


 Ahụike anụmanụ na iwu 
Omume a megidere iwu n'ọtụtụ Europe, gụnyere mba niile kwadoro European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals, na ọtụtụ mba ndị so na Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na mpaghara nke Spain na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Canada. 

A ka na-akụ ntị n'ọtụtụ ebe na United States na akụkụ nke Canada, na ihe dịka ụmụ nkịta 130,000 na United States chere na a na-akụ ntụrụndụ ha kwa afọ. American Kennel Club (AKC) na Canadian Kennel Club na-ekwe ka omume ahụ. Ọnọdụ AKC bụ na ịkpụcha ntị na ịkpụchi ọdụ bụ "omume a na-anabata nke dị mkpa iji kọwaa ma chekwaa àgwà agbụrụ na / ma ọ bụ melite ahụike dị mma. "  Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ steeti n'otu n'otu agbalịwo ịmachibido ịkpụ ntị,  enwere mmegide siri ike site na ụfọdụ òtù agbụrụ nkịta, ndị na-ekwu maka nchegbu ahụike na ọdịnala.

American Veterinary Medical Association "na-emegide igbu ntị na ịkwụnye ọdụ nke nkịta mgbe emechara naanị maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma" ma "na-agba ume iwepụ igbu ntị na ọdụ site na ụkpụrụ ọmụmụ". 

N'afọ 2009, Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ Anụmanụ Banfield Pet Hospital kwupụtara na ha agaghịzi eme ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ịkpụ ntị ma ọ bụ idobe nkịta.Weise, Elizabeth (30 July 2011). "Banfield pet hospitals ban tail docking, ear cropping on dogs". USA Today. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012.

A na-atụ aro na ịkụ mkpụrụ nwere ike igbochi ikike nkịta iji akara ntị na-ekwurịta okwu, agbanyeghị, enwebeghị ọmụmụ sayensị atụnyere nzikọrịta ozi ntị n'ime nkịta ndị a kpụrụ akpụ na ndị na-akụghị ahịhịa.

 Ọnọdụ iwu site na mba 
CountryStatusBan/restriction date (if applicable)AustraliaBanned AustriaBanned1 January 2005BelgiumBanned1 January 2006Bosnia and HerzegovinaBannedBrazilBanned for cosmetic purposesBulgariaBanned1 February 2005CanadaCanada has no federal law banning pet cosmetic surgery. The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association opposes all cosmetic alterations. Two provinces have provincial legislation prohibiting ear cropping, tail docking, and most cosmetic surgeries: Prince Edward Island (☨1) and Newfoundland and Labrador (☨2).

Three provinces' veterinary associations ban all veterinarians from performing cosmetic surgeries on pets: 
New Brunswick (☨3), Nova Scotia (☨4), and Quebec (☨5)

Three provincial veterinary associations have bans on ear cropping alone: Manitoba (☨6), British Columbia (☨7), and Saskatchewan (☨8).☨1: 10 July 2015
☨2: 1978
☨3: 15 October 2008
☨4: 1 April 2010
☨5: 1 January 2017
☨6: 3 February 2012
☨7: 2015
☨8: 2013CroatiaBanned2007CyprusBanned1993Czech RepublicBanned1 April 1999DenmarkBanned1 June 1996EnglandBanned1899EstoniaBanned2001FinlandBanned15 February 1971FranceBanned1 January 2010GermanyBanned1 May 1992GreeceBanned27 February 1992HungaryBannedIcelandBanned2001IndiaPreviously restricted, currently unrestricted IrelandBannedIsraelBanned2000ItalyBanned1 November 2011LatviaBannedLithuaniaBannedLuxembourgBanned1 May 1992NetherlandsBanned1 September 2001New ZealandBanned2004Northern IrelandBanned2011NorwayBanned1954PolandBanned1997PortugalBanned1 January 1994RomaniaBanned2008RussiaRestrictedScotlandBanned1899SerbiaBanned2019SlovakiaBanned1 January 2003SloveniaBanned Slovene Animal Protection Act (in Slovene)April 2007South AfricaBannedJune 2008SpainBanned in autonomies of Catalonia and AndaluciaSwedenBanned1989SwitzerlandBanned1997TurkeyBanned2004United StatesUnrestricted2003Virgin IslandsBanned2005WalesBanned1899

 Anụmanụ ndị na-abụghị nkịta 
Ịkpụpụta akụkụ buru ibu nke pinnae nke anụmanụ ndị ọzọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọ bụ ezie na ịkpụpụta ọdịdị na pinnae anụ ụlọ, nke a na-akpọ earmarks, bụ ihe a ma ama tupu iwebata akara ntị iwu. A ka na-eji iwepụ akụkụ nke ntị nke òké ụlọ nyocha ma ọ bụ nwamba na-enweghị eriri maka njirimara, ya bụ, ịpị ntị ma ọ bụ ịpị isi ntị. Omume nke ịkpa ihe maka ebumnuche ntecha bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ndị na-abụghị nkịta, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ anụmanụ a na-azụlite nwere obere ntị nke nwere ike ịghọtahie maka ịkpa ihe.[note 2]

 Hụkwa 

 Okpokoro (ọdụ nkịta) 
 Ịkpụzi ntị (ntị mmadụ) 
 Nchịkọta nke usoro mwakpo na-emetụta ụmụ anụmanụ

 Ihe edeturu 
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 Ebem si dee 
"Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 125 - European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals". Treaty Office. 14 October 2020.
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations