Marvin X

Marvin XframelessAmụrụ Marvin Ellis Jackmon</br> ( 1944-05-29 ) Mee 29, 1944 (afọ 80)</br> Fowler, California</br> United States Ọrụ 
Marvin X (amụrụ Marvin Ellis Jackmon ; Mee 29, 1944) bụ onye na-ede uri, onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye edemede.

Amụrụ na Fowler, California, ọ ewerela aha Muslim El Muhajir ("onye si mba ọzọ" na Arabic). Ejikọtala ọrụ ya na Black Arts/Black Aesthetics Movement nke 1960s.

 Ndụ ezinụlọ 
O tolitere na Fresno na Oakland, n'ime ezinụlọ na-eme ihe ike. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Thomas Alva Edison High School na Fresno na 1962. Nne na nna ya bipụtara akwụkwọ Black nwere Fresno, California, nke a na-akpọ Fresno Voice .  Akwụkwọ 1947 ahụ kpọsara ihe omume obodo, azụmahịa obodo, gụnyere azụmahịa nke onwe ha, ma lekwasị anya na ihe omume mba na nke steeti gụnyere: nkwalite nke iwu mgbochi, Jackie Robinson Day, New York Freedom Trains na-ejikọta, ọrụ ozi nke. Chọọchị Katọlik nwere ndị India na ndị Negroes, yana mgbasawanye $350 nke PG&amp;E na California.

Marvin X nwere ụmụ anọ dị ndụ na otu nwa nwoke bu ya ụzọ nwụọ.

 Ojii Art Movement 
N'ihi njikọ ya na ndị ọrụ Black Panther nke oge ahụ ( Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale na Eldridge Cleaver ) na ọrụ ya na Black Theatre na Ed Bullins, a na-ewere X dịka otu n'ime ndị isi edemede na ndị na-ede egwuregwu nke Black Aesthetics Movement . 

Ọ gara Merritt College, ebe ọ zutere Newton na Seale, wee nata BA na MA ya na Bekee site na Mahadum San Francisco State . 

X kụziiri na San Francisco State University, Fresno State University, UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, Mills College, Merritt College, Laney College, Mahadum Nevada na Reno na Reedley Community College . O meela nkuzi na kọleji na mahadum, gụnyere Mahadum Arkansas, Mahadum Houston, Morehouse na Spelman Colleges, Mahadum Virginia, Mahadum Howard, Mahadum Pennsylvania, Mahadum Temple, Fresno City College, Medgar Evers College, New York Mahadum, na UMass Boston .

X pụtara dị ka olu dị mkpa na Black Arts Movement (BAM), ogwe aka nka nke ngagharị ike ojii, n'etiti etiti-ọgwụgwụ 1960s. O dere maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ BAM bụ isi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ, ya na onye na-ede egwuregwu Ed Bullins na ndị ọzọ, abụọ n'ime isi ụlọ ọrụ BAM praịmarị West Coast na ebe egwuregwu - Oakland's Black House na San Francisco's Black Arts/West Theatre. Na 1967, X sonyeere Nation of Islam wee mara ya dị ka El Muhajir. Na 1980s, ọ haziri Melvin Black Forum on Human Rights na ọgbakọ ogbako ndị isi ojii niile nke mbụ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka nke onye bụbu Black Panther Eldridge Cleaver wee mepụta Marvin X Center maka ọmụmụ okpukperechi ụwa dị mkpụmkpụ. Na 1999, ọ tọrọ ntọala San Francisco's Recovery Theatre. Mmepụta ya nke otu ụbọchị na ndụ, egwuregwu o dere banyere ọgwụ riri ahụ na mgbake ya, ghọrọ ihe nkiri Africa-American kacha ogologo na Northern California. Na 2004, na ememe nke Black History Month, o mere San Francisco Tenderloin Book Fair (nke a makwaara dị ka San Francisco Black Radical Book Fair) na University of Poetry. Ọ kuziri ihe ọmụmụ ojii, ihe nkiri, ide ihe okike, akwụkwọ akụkọ, Bekee na Arabic na mahadum na kọleji dị iche iche nke California.

Otu n'ime ndị na-akpali akpali na ndị na-ama jijiji nke Black Arts Movement (BAM), Marvin X ebipụtala akwụkwọ 30, gụnyere edemede, abụ uri, egwuregwu, akụkọ ihe mere eme, yana akụkọ ndụ ya, Somethin' Proper . Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama gụnyere Fly to Allah, Beyond Religion, Toward Spirituality, na Otu esi enwetaghachi site na ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na White Supremacy . Na 2011, UC Berkeley Bancroft Library nwetara akwụkwọ Marvin X. X na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye nkuzi, onye edemede na onye mmepụta ihe.

 Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu 

 PEN Oakland, Reginald Lockett Award Achievement Award, 2015
 Ụbọchị Marvin X nke Obodo na Ógbè San Francisco kpọsara, 2001
 Onye otu ndu, California Scholarship Federation, Honor Society
 Onyinye mba maka mmekorita ide ihe nka, 1972
 Onyinye mba maka onyinye atụmatụ atụmatụ mmadụ, 1979

 Ntụaka 
mara ya dị ka El Muhajir. Na 1980s, ọ haziri Melvin Black Forum on Human Rights na ọgbakọ ogbako ndị isi ojii niile nke mbụ.ojii niile nke mbụ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka nke 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Akụkọ & Nyocha Black Bird Press
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ