William Birch (onye na-ese ihe)

William Russell Birch (9 Eprel 1755 – 7 Ọgọst 1834) bụ onye na-ese ihe n’obere bekee, onye na-ese ihe, na onye na-ese ala na onye nrụpụta.

 Ndụ 
A mụrụ Birch na Warwickshire, nwa Anne, née Russell, na dibịa Thomas Birch. Ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Warwick wee mụọ ọrụ maka onye na-ere ahịa ọla, Thomas Jeffreys na Sir Joshua Reynolds .  Onye enamelist Henry Spicer zụrụ Birch na nka nke eserese enamel. Grant Wingate, Zenobia. "William Birch Biography". Caldwell Gallery. Retrieved 29 October 2020. Birch gosipụtara foto enamel na Royal Academy site na 1781 ruo 1794. Na 1785, o nwetara nrite n'aka Royal Society of Arts .  Dị ka onye na-ese ihe a kacha mara ya na England maka Délices de la Grande Bretagne ya, nke nwere efere iri atọ na isii nke ụlọ ochie na Norwich na ebe ndị ọzọ, nke e bipụtara na 1791. 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| Ọbá akwụkwọ na Ụlọ Ọgwụ dọkịta na-awa, ụlọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Library nke Philadelphia, nke a kanyere na 1800.
Mgbe ọ kwagara Philadelphia na 1794  o mere enamels eserese nke ọtụtụ ndị gụnyere mbipụta nke ihe osise George Washington, nke Gilbert Stuart dere. Usoro ihe osise o mere na 1800 nke Philadelphia vistas bụ nnukwu ewu ewu nke butere mbipụta atọ ọzọ.  William Birch bụ nna Thomas Birch, onye ihe osise America na onye na-ese mmiri. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pennsylvania na-ejide ụdị edemede nke akụkọ ndụ ya.  Ọ nwụrụ na Philadelphia, ọ dị afọ 79.

 Na-arụ ọrụ 

 Obodo Philadelphia, na steeti Pennsylvania North America . Philadelphia, 1800
 Oche obodo nke United States, 1808
 Enamel dị ka Gilbert Stuart nke George Washington si kwuo, na Lazaro Galdiano Museum, Madrid. 

 Ihe ndetu 
onye na-ere ahịa ọla, Thomas Jeffreys na Sir Joshua Reynolds .  Onye enamelist Henry Spicer zụrụ Birch na nka nke eserese enamel.

 Ntụaka 

 Emily T. Cooperman & Lea Carson Sherk, William Birch: Na-ese foto nke American Scene (Mahadum nke Pennsylvania Press, 2010).  Akụkọ ndụ mbụ nke William Birch, o nwere ụdị akụkọ ndụ ya edeziri.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ndepụta ndenye aha William Russell Birch, 1798-1802 (Smithsonian: Archives of American Art)
 William Russell Birch na Thomas Birch (ushistory.org)
 Ọchụchọ ọchụchọ maka 'William Russell Birch' (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
 Oche obodo nke United States (University of Pennsylvania Press)
 Eserese ndị America & mbipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme sitere na nchịkọta Middendorf, ihe ngosi ihe ngosi sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art (n'ụzọ zuru ezu dị na ntanetị dị ka PDF), nke nwere ihe dị na Birch (no. 11 & 70)