Madeline Anderson

Madeline Anderson (amụrụ ca. 1923)  bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri America, ihe onyonyo na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye ntụzi ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-ede ihe nkiri . A maara ya nke ọma maka ihe nkiri ya Integration Report One (1960) na <i id="mwEQ">I Am Somebody</i> (1970), nke ikpeazụ ya nwetara otuto mba na mba ụwa.  N'afọ 2015, National Museum of African American History and Culture kwadoro nkwupụta Integration One dị ka ihe nkiri mbụ nke nwanyị Africa America ga-eduzi. 

Anderson ghọkwara nwanyị Afrịka America mbụ rụpụtara usoro onyonyo nke mba ụwa, usoro mmụta 1977 PBS akpọrọ Infinity Factory .  A kpọbatara ya na Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame na 1993 n'akụkụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Rosalind Cash . 

 Ndụ mbido 
A mụrụ Madeline Whedbee, Anderson tolitere na Lancaster, Pennsylvania, bụ ebe ọ malitere mmasị maka ihe nkiri na nkuzi.  O nwere ụmụnne anọ - ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na ụmụnne abụọ.  Dị ka nwatakịrị n'ime 1930s, Anderson bi na Barney Google Row ụlọ, otu ụlọ ndị dara ada nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ atọ dị n'okporo ámá na-adịghị mma na 700 block nke Southeast Avenue na Lancaster's southeast 7th Ward agbataobi.  N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2016, Anderson chetara na Barney Google Row, nke aha ya bụ aha onye nwe ụlọ na Barney Google comic strip agwa, bụ "ụlọ kachasị njọ na Lancaster".  E mechara katọọ ma kwatuo ụlọ ndị ahụ n'ime afọ 1950. 

Kwa Satọdee ọ bụla, ya na ndị ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya na-agachi ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ anya. N'oge ihe nkiri ahụ, Anderson chere na fim ndị ọ hụrụ egosighị eziokwu ya.  Ọ chọrọ ịhụ ezigbo ndị Afrịka America nke ọ ga-akpakọrịta. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe mere o ji tinye akwụkwọ maka ịse ihe nkiri nkuzi.  Ntuziaka a nyekwara ya aka itinye mmasị ya n'ịkụzi ihe. 

O juru ndị ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya anya ma ghara ịma na ọ chọrọ ịghọ onye na-ese ihe nkiri n'ihi na ha na-ejikarị eme ihe nkiri tụnyere Hollywood, ọ bụkwa ihe a maara nke ọma na nwanyị ojii enweghị ike ịchọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Hollywood. Ha gbara ya ume ka ọ ghọọ onye nkụzi kama.  

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na JP McCaskey High School na 1945 wee debanye aha na Millersville State Teacher's College ịchụso nkuzi dịka ọrụ.  Anderson bụ naanị nwa akwụkwọ ojii nke abụọ nabatara Millersville  na naanị nwa akwụkwọ ojii na kọleji n'oge ahụ. Na mahadum, ọ nwetara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na iyi egwu site n'aka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke ọcha.  N'otu oge, nna ya ga-eji bọs na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ọ ghara inye ya nsogbu ọ bụla. N'ihi mmechuihu nke ndị mụrụ ya, Madeline kwụsịrị mgbe afọ mbụ ya gasịrị n'ihi mkpagbu na mmegbu.  O kwere ndị mụrụ ya nkwa na ya ga-alaghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị alaghachi Millersville.  

N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, Anderson rụrụ ọrụ n'otu ụlọ ọrụ iji nweta ego zuru ezu ịkwaga New York . O mechara nweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum New York (NYU), bụ ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na akparamaagwa .  N'agbanyeghị mmasị na foto ihe nkiri, o mechara kpebie ịchụso ọrụ na fim.  

 Ọrụ 
Mgbe ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ na NYU, Madeline Anderson chọrọ ịmalite njikọ nke ga-eme ka ọ banye na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ka ọ na-achọ ọrụ, o kpebiri ịza mgbasa ozi ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta nwa maka Richard Leacock, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Britain a ma ama na onye ọsụ ụzọ na Direct Cinema na Cinéma vérité . Ọ nwetara ọrụ ahụ; na mgbe ya na ezinụlọ ya bi, o gosipụtara ọchịchọ ya ịghọ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ma nweta nkwado ha.  Ọ ghọrọ onye otu ndị enyi na ndị ọrụ Leacock.  Ahụmahụ mmụta ya n'imepụta na iduzi ihe nkiri nwetara mgbe ya na Richard Leacock na-arụ ọrụ. 

Ọrụ Madeline Anderson na ihe nkiri malitere n'ihu ọha na 1958 mgbe Richard Leacock nyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa mmepụta na ụlọ ọrụ ya, Andover Productions. Dị ka onye njikwa mmepụta, ọrụ ya bụ ilekọta ihe niile site na mmepụta ruo na nhazi. Anderson rụrụ ọrụ na usoro ihe nkiri abụọ n'oge oge ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Nke mbụ bụ usoro ihe nkiri sayensị maka Massachusetts Institute of Technology na nke abụọ bụ usoro ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ maka NBC nke a na-akpọ Bernstein na Europe, bụ nke mere ka njem njem esenidụt nke onye nduzi / onye dere Leonard Bernstein .  

Mgbe o mechara ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Integration Report One, ọ chere na o nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-amụta banyere ịme ihe nkiri onwe ya. Ọ malitere ịga ọmụmụ ihe na Museum of Modern Art n'ebumnobi ịmụta akụkụ niile nke ịse ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri. Ọ gụrụ klaasị na ndezi, ọkụ, ndekọ ụda na ọrụ igwefoto. Ihe nkiri Anderson "Integration Report One" bụ Andover Productions mepụtara na 1959. Editing nyere ya olu site n'inyere ya aka ikwu ihe ọ chọrọ ikwu.   

 Ihe nkiri 
Na 1959 ọ hapụrụ Andover Productions ịchụso ọrụ nke ya. N'ime oge a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ edemede, na osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ na 1962 na Shirley Clarke 's The Cool World . Ha abụọ zutere mbụ mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na Andover Productions. Ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya bụ ihe ndekọ nke ọkara na-ekwu banyere egwu egwu ndụ ndị otu na Harlem. Anderson mechara kwuo:

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Anderson rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ onwe ya mgbe ọ na-agbalị ịbanye na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, nke a siri ike n'ihi na iji banye n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ ghaghị ịbụ akụkụ nke òtù òtù ma ghọọ akụkụ nke otu, ọ ghaghị inwe ọrụ. Nke a ghọkwara nsogbu karịa n'ihi na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'òtù ndị ọrụ bụ isi otu nna na nwa nwoke, ndị nwoke ọcha na-achị. Anderson kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ na-abụghị otu mgbe ọ na-agbalị ịbanye n'otu oge. Nke a bụ mkpebi siri ike n'ihi na a kpagburu ya na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. O mechara banye n'otu ndị editọ New York, Local 771, mgbe ọ yisịrị egwu ịgba ndị otu ahụ akwụkwọ.   

Site na otu onye otu ọ nwere ike nweta ọrụ dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na WNET (ọdụ PBS). Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ebe ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Black Journal wee mepụta ma duzie "A Tribute to Malcolm X". O mechara hapụ WNET ka ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ebe ahụ ka o wepụta, duzie na dezie Abụ m onye na 1970. Ọ mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke ya na 1975 nke a na-akpọ Onyx Productions. N'ebe ahụ, o mere ihe nkiri 16mm maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Higher Education nke New Jersey yana ihe nkiri maka Ford Foundation nke a na-akpọ The Walls Come Tumbling Down na-emeso ọrụ ụlọ ọha na eze na St. Louis, Missouri . Inwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ya mere ka ọ nwee ike ịnọrọ onwe ya karị, nwee ike ịchịkwa mmepụta yana guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri ama ama. 

 Akụkọ njikọta nke mbụ 
Nkwupụta njikọta nke otu bụ ihe nkiri nyocha nke na-akọ banyere mgba mgba maka ikike obodo nke ngwụcha afọ 1950. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara ọtụtụ ndị ga-emesị bụrụ ndị na-akpa ike na Civil Rights Movement, dị ka Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, Andrew Young na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Anderson hụrụ ọgụ agbụrụ na-eme ma chee na ọ dị ya mkpa ime ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekwenye na idekọ ihe omume ahụ ga-agwa ma gbaa ndị ọzọ ume ime ihe. Ọ gakwuuru Leacock na echiche maka ihe nkiri ahụ ma gbaa ya ume ime ya.   

Ịchọta ego kwesịrị ekwesị maka ihe nkiri ahụ siri ike n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị isi ọrụ echeghị na isiokwu ahụ dị ụtọ. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ịnakọta ego ọ chọrọ site n'iji akụkụ nke ụgwọ ọnwa ya sitere na Andover Productions na site n'ịrịọ ndị ọzọ ka ha nye onyinye. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nyere aka ha, gụnyere DA Pennebaker bụ onye wuru ihe mgbochi nke nyere ya ohere ịme ihe nkiri, na Maya Angelou bụ onye bụrụ abụ " Anyị ga-emeri " maka ihe nkiri ahụ, n'efu.  

Site na 1963 ruo 1968, Anderson rụrụ ọrụ maka NET (National Education Television) na New York dị ka onye na-emekọ ihe, onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ tupu ọdụ ahụ aghọọ WNET . Na 1965, ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ihe nkiri, onye edemede na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri maka usoro Black Journal, nke tụlere okwu gbasara agbụrụ na arụmụka na-eme na America n'oge ahụ. Maka afọ mbụ nke usoro ahụ, Anderson bụ nanị nwanyị ojii na ndị ọrụ. Ka ọ na-adịwanye iche, a na-enwewanye ọchịchọ maka onye na-emepụta isi ojii. Na 1969, Al Perlmutter kwetara ịla n'iyi na aha ya gara William Greaves bụ onye ewepụtara na 1966 dị ka onye na-elekọta oge nwa oge maka ihe nkiri ahụ. N'ime otu afọ, ihe ngosi ahụ ga-aga n'ihu iji merie Emmy.  

Mgbe ọ gụchara Abụ m onye, ọ laghachiri na telivishọn mana oge a bụ maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Television nke Ụmụaka . Na CTW, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe / onye nduzi maka Sesame Street na The Electric Company . Dị ka Anderson si kwuo, ụfọdụ n'ime ihe nkiri o mere maka CTW bụ arụmụka. O chetara otu ihe mere ebe o mere ihe nkiri na-akụzi ma gosipụta okwu ahụ bụ "m". O kpebiri iso otu nwatakịrị sitere na obodo China na ebumnuche nke ịkọwa "m". Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ megidere echiche ahụ n'ihi na ha chere na ọ ga-esiri ụmụaka ike imekọrịta nwa ahụ na ihuenyo n'ihi agbụrụ ya.  

Anderson rụrụ ọrụ na CTW site na 1970 ruo 1975 tupu ọ pụọ ka ọ mepụta Onyx Productions. Mgbe o nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke ya, ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ na CTW, na-agbazinye ọrụ ya mgbe ọ bụla ha chọrọ ya. N'oge a, o tinyekwara aka na ọrụ mmalite maka WHMM-TV (ugbu a WHUT-TV ) na Mahadum Howard ebe ọ kuziri na nkuzi. 

Na 1978, Anderson ghọrọ onye nrụpụta ọrụ maka The Infinity Factory na PBS . Ihe ngosi a lekwasịrị anya na ụmụaka nọ n'agbata asatọ na iri na abụọ, na-etinye uche na ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ime obodo na ebumnuche ịkụziri ha mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà idozi nsogbu. Site na ihe ngosi ahụ, Anderson ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na America nke nwere usoro mgbasa ozi nke mba. Na 1987, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe dị elu na usoro mmuta Arabic a na-akpọ Al Manahil . Ọ bụ CTW International mepụtara usoro a wee gbaa ya ebe dị na Amman, Jọdan . 

 Àgwà ọma maka ime ihe nkiri 

 Omume akwụkwọ 
Anderson na-achọsi ike ka ya na ndị ọ na-achị na-akpakọrịta iji gosipụta omume ọma na n'omume na-anọchite anya mgba ha. Michael T. Martin na-akọwapụta ihe atọ dị mkpa na omume akwụkwọ Anderson:

 Echiche na Hollywood 
Anderson na-akatọ sinima Hollywood n'ihi na, ruo ogologo oge, ihe nkiri ndị na-egosi ahụmahụ Afrika na America abụghị ndị Africa-America. N'ihi nke a, ihe nkiri na-akọwakarị ahụmahụ ha site n'itinye nkọwa akụkọ ifo na nke stereotypical. Nke a n'amaghị ama napụ ha ikike ikwupụta ahụmahụ nke ha. Agbanyeghị, nke a gbanwere n'oge ọgba aghara na 1970s. Ọ bụ ezie na Anderson na-akatọ ọdịnaya na-erigbu, ọ na-ahụta ya dị ka ohere maka ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ojii iji guzobe onwe ha n'ime Hollywood. O kwenyekwara na oge ahụ bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ọnụ. Ugbu a, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Africa-America nwere ohere ikwupụta onwe ha n'eziokwu na-adabereghị na ọdịnaya na-erigbu. Ime otú ahụ ugbu a, dị ka Anderson si kwuo, ga-abụ nzọụkwụ azụ azụ.   

Dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri, Madeline Anderson enweghị mmasị karịsịa n'ịchụso ọrụ na Hollywood n'ihi na ọ dabara na ebumnuche ya na ọchịchọ ọdịmma mmadụ. Maka ya, Hollywood bụ ebe ndị mmadụ na-aga inweta ego na ikpughe ụwa niile. Ọ jụrụdị ihe nkiri si na Universal n'ihi na ọ chọghị ime nke ahụ. 

Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma ọ chere na mmepụta na nkesa nọọrọ onwe ya na mpụga usoro Hollywood bụ ọrụ nka na azụmaahịa nwere ike, ọ zara site n'ịsị:


 Ndụ onwe onye 
Anderson bụ onye bi na Brooklyn, New York City . 

 Ihe nkiri 

 Akụkọ njikọta nke otu (1960): Onye nrụpụta/Onye isi/Ndezi
 Ụwa dị jụụ (1964): onye enyemaka onye isi / onye nchịkọta akụkọ
 Malcolm X: Nationalist ma ọ bụ Humanist? (1967): Onye na-emepụta ihe/onye nduzi
 Abụ m Onye (1970): Onye Mmepụta/Director/Editor/Writer
 Ọbụna Ohere (1971): Onye Mmepụta/Nduzi Films and Other Materials for Projection, Library of Congress Catalogs 1975, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1976. p.227.
 Ịbụ M (1975): Onye isi Films and Other Materials for Projection, Library of Congress Catalogs 1975, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1976, p.72. 
 Mgbidi ahụ dara ada (1975): Onye na-emepụta ihe / onye nduzi / onye nchịkọta akụkọ
 Ụlọ ọrụ Infinity (usoro, 1978): Onye nrụpụta ọrụ
 Al Manahil (usoro, 1987): Nnukwu onye nrụpụta/odee

 Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu 

 Na 1976, Madeline Anderson nwetara ihe nrite nwanyị nke afọ na Sojourner Truth Festival of Arts. 
 Na 1985, e nyere ya mmeri ogologo ndụ na ntinye aka na ihe nkiri na telivishọn site na Association of Independent Film and Video Makers. 
 Na 1991, Miller Brewing Company webatara ya na Gallery of Great Black Filmmakers. 
 Na 1993, a kpọbatara ya na Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame. 
 N'afọ 2000, ọ nwetara ihe nrite maka ndị inyom na-asụ ụzọ na fim, maka ntinye pụtara ìhè na ihe nkiri na telivishọn.
 N'afọ 2015, a nabatara mkpesa Integration One na Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. Edepụtara ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ Africa America mụrụ na United States na-eduzi 16 mm ihe nkiri.
 N'afọ 2019, A bụ m onye ọbá akwụkwọ nke Congress họpụtara maka nchekwa na ndekọ ihe nkiri nke mba maka ịbụ "ọdịnala, akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ mara mma". 

 Ntụaka 
dezie Abụ m onye na 1970. Ọ mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke ya na 1975 nke a na-akpọ Onyx Productions. N'ebe ahụ, o mere ihe nkiri 16mm maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Higher Education nke New Jersey yana ihe nkiri maka Ford Foundation nke a na-akpọ The Walls Come Tumbling Down na-emeso ọrụ ụlọ ọha na eze na St. Louis, Missouri . Inwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ya mere ka ọ nwee ike ịnọrọ onwe ya karị, nwee ike ịchịkwa mmepụta yana guzobetna mwepụ na nkà idozi nsogbu. Site na ihe ngosi ahụ, Anderson ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na America nke nwere usoro mgbasa ozi nke mba. Na 1987, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 


 Njikọ mpụga 


 The Walls Came Tumbling Down AMICUS monograph
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations