Robert Charles Bates

Robert Charles Bates (January 27, 1869 - Mee 2, 1950),  bụ onye America na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye nkuzi na onye ode akwụkwọ.   Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America ma nyere aka chepụta na wuo ọtụtụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Claflin, mahadum ojii na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme (HBU) na South Carolina.    A na-eche na ọ bụ onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU; na onye mbụ African American odee nke akwụkwọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ.  

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Robert Charles Bates na Jenụwarị 27, 1869, na Columbia, South Carolina, ebe nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. A na-eche na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nzikọrịta ozi n'ihe osise (ikekwe site na Scranton Correspondence School na Scranton, Pennsylvania).  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Normal University nke Clafin ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi, mana ọ dị mkpụmkpụ afọ abụọ site na ngụsị akwụkwọ. [ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] 

Na mgbanwe nke ihe omume na n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nlekọta nke ọzụzụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na Mahadum Claflin, nke Freedmen's Aid Society na Southern Education Society kpebiri. [ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Ka ọ na-erule ọdịda nke 1890, Bates nọ na-akụzi ịse ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Claflin, a kwenyere na ọ bụ onye nkụzi ojii mbụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na HBU.   Weiss, Ellen (2012-01-01). Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington. NewSouth Books. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-1-58838-248-1. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dabere na nkuzi klaasị ya, n'agbanyeghị na edeghị ya nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ịbụ akwụkwọ ihe owuwu mbụ nke onye Africa America dere.  Bell, Carla Jackson (2014-08-01). Space Unveiled: Invisible Cultures in the Design Studio. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-317-65911-2.

Site na 1897 ruo 1900, Bates kwagara Upstate New York iji kuzie ihe osise na Elmira Reformatory . Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Ndị na-esochi ya site n'ịkụzi azụmaahịa aka aka na Jacob Tome Institution maka ndị oji na-eto eto na ụmụ mgbei na Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland.  

Amabeghị ọtụtụ nkọwa gbasara ndụ Bate. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Agụnyere profaịlụ Bates na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004).

Bates nwụrụ na Spencer, New York, na Mee 2, 1950, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81. 

 Mbipụta 



 Na-arụ ọrụ 

 T. Willard Lewis Chapel (1890) na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina Wilson, Dreck Spurlock (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates". African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945. Routledge. pp. 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5.
 Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1899) ụlọ elu ugwu na ndịda na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913)  "Vintage Orangeburg/Day 34: Claflin established by state charter to assist freed slaves". The Times and Democrat. December 10, 2014. Retrieved 2023-03-03.  
 Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1900) mgbakwunye klaasị na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913) 
 Ụlọ nkuzi nkuzi John F. Slater na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina 

 Hụkwa 

 African-American architects
 Robert Robinson Taylor, onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU
 William Wilson Cooke, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America na Claflin

 Ntụaka 
gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mmemme mgbatị ahụ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles City College, na Los Angeles Trade-Technical College .  Bankhead gbalịrị ịrụ ọrụ na