Ịkpọ nkụ ọka

Ịkpọcha ọka bụ usoro ihicha ọka iji gbochie mmebi n'oge nchekwa. Ịkpọcha ọka a kọwara n'isiokwu a bụ nke na-eji mmanụ ọkụ-ma ọ bụ usoro ọkụ eletrik na-agbakwụnye na nke anụ ahụ, gụnyere swathing / winding maka ihicha site na ikuku gburugburu na anwụ, ma ọ bụ iri nri tupu e zọchasịa.

 Nchịkọta 
A na-akpọnwụ ọtụtụ narị nde tọn ọka wit, ọka, soybean, osikapa na ọka ndị ọzọ dị ka sorghum, mkpụrụ sunflower, rapeseed / canola, ọka bali, oats, wdg.D. Brooker, F. W. Bakker-Arkema, and C. W. Hall, The Drying and Storage of Grains and Oilseeds. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Avi Book, New York. Na mba ndị ọrụ ugbo, ịcha mmiri na-agụnye mbelata mmiri site na ihe dị ka 17-30% w / w [nkọwa dị mkpa] ruo n'etiti 8 na 15% w / w, dabere na ọka.  Mmiri ikpeazụ maka ịcha ga-abụrịrị nke zuru ezu maka nchekwa. Ka ọka ahụ na-enwekwu mmanụ, otú ahụ ka mmiri ozuzo ya ga-adị ala (ọ bụ ezie na mmiri ozuzo mbụ ya maka ịcha ga-adịkwa ala). A na-akpakarị mkpụrụ osisi ruo 14% w / w, ebe mkpụrụ mmanụ, ruo 12.5% (soya), 8% (sunflower) na 9% (peanuts). A na-eme ka ọ kpọọ nkụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka nchekwa nchekwa, iji gbochie uto nke nje. Otú ọ dị, a na-atụkwa aro okpomọkụ dị ala na nchekwa iji zere mmeghachi omume na-emebi emebi na, karịsịa, uto nke ụmụ ahụhụ na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ezigbo okpomọkụ nchekwa bụ ihe dịka 18 °C. 

A na-ejikarị ihe mkpofu kachasị ukwuu eme ihe "Off-farm", na elevators, ma bụrụkwa nke na-aga n'ihu: A na-ahọrọ ihe mkpofu ngwakọta na Europe, ebe ndị na-eme mkpofu Cross na United States. Na Argentina, a na-ahụkarị ụdị abụọ ahụ. Ndị na-eme ka okooko osisi kpọọ nkụ na-aga n'ihu nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ruru 100 metric ton nke ọka a mịrị amị kwa awa. Omimi nke ọka ikuku ga-agafe na ndị na-eme ka mmiri kpọọ site na 0.15 m na ndị na'ime mmiri kpọọ mmiri na-agwakọta ruo 0.30 m na Cross-Flow. A na-ejikarị ihe na-ekpocha mmiri eme ihe "On-Farm", ọkachasị na United States na Europe. Ha na-enwekarị ite, na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-esi na cylinder dị n'ime na-agafe mpempe ígwè dị n'etiti, mgbe ahụ site na akwa ọka, ihe dị ka 0.50 m n'ịdị arọ (coaxial na cylinder nke dị n'azụ) na ntụziaka radial, na n'ikpeazụ gafee mpempe ígwè perforated, tupu a gbapụ ya na ikuku. Oge ọkọchị a na-ahụkarị na-adị site na 1 awa ruo 4 awa dabere na mmiri ole a ga-ewepụ, ụdị ọka, okpomọkụ ikuku na omimi ọka. Na United States, enwere ike ịchọta ndị na-eme ka mmiri kpọọ nkụ n'ugbo, na-emezi ka ite jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emecha ọka n'elu ma wepụ ya na ala nke ite ahụ site na oghere.

Ịkpọ nkụ ọka bụ ebe nyocha na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Enwere ike ịme ihe ngosi nke onye na-akwọcha na mmemme kọmputa dabere na ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ nke na-anọchite anya ihe ndị metụtara ịcha: physics, physics chemistry, thermodynamics, na okpomọkụ na nnyefe oke. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji ụdị kọmputa eme ihe iji buo amụma banyere ogo ngwaahịa site n'inweta nkwekọrịta n'etiti ọnụego ịcha, iji ike, na ogo ọka. Otu njirimara dị mma na ịcha ọka wit bụ ogo ime achịcha na pasentị ntolite nke mbelata ya na ịcha nwere njikọ.

 Ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ịcha ọka 
ihicha na-amalite na ala nke biini ahụ, nke bụ ebe mbụ kọntaktị ikuku. A na-ebulite ikuku kpọrọ nkụ site na fan site na oyi akwa nke ọka mmiri. Ịkpọ nkụ na-eme na oyi akwa nke 1 ruo 2 ụkwụ oke, nke a na-akpọ mpaghara ihicha. Mpaghara ihicha na-esi na ala nke bin na-aga n'elu, mgbe ọ rutere n'elu oyi akwa, ọka na-akpọnwụ. Ọka dị n'okpuru mpaghara ihicha dị na nha nha nha na ikuku ihicha, nke pụtara na ọ dị mma maka nchekwa; ebe ọka n'elu ka chọrọ ihicha. A na-ebupụ ikuku ahụ site na ikuku iyuzucha.

 Oge Nchekwa A Na-ekwe Ka O kwe 
Oge nchekwa a na-anabata bụ atụmatụ ogologo oge ọka kwesịrị ka akpọnwụ tupu emebisị ma nọgide na-enwe ogo ọka n'oge nchekwa. Na usoro nchekwa ọka, fungi ma ọ bụ ebu bụ isi nchegbu. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ, òké, na nje bacteria, na-emetụtakwa ọnọdụ nchekwa. Na ala okpomọkụ ọka bụ, ogologo oge nchekwa ohere ga-adị.CHIEF."Grain conditioning, storage, aeration guide".

 Ọnọdụ mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị maka nchekwa dị nchebe 
Ọ ga-ekwe omume maka nchekwa dị nchebe ogologo oge ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri ọka dị n'okpuru 14%, ma chekwaa ya pụọ na ụmụ ahụhụ, ụmụ oke na nnụnụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esonụ bụ ihe a tụrụ aro maka nchekwa dị nchebe.IRRI, Safe storage condition for grain
Ogologo oge nchekwaMC achọrọ maka nchekwa dị nchebeNsogbu ndị nwere ike isi meeIzu ole na ole maka ichekwa14% ma ọ bụ obereỌrịa, decoloration, iku ume, mmebi nke ụmụ ahụhụ, adsorption nke mmiriNchekwa maka ọnwa 8 ruo 1213% ma ọ bụ obereMmebi nke ụmụ ahụhụNchekwa nke mkpụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo12% ma ọ bụ obereMfu nke ntoliteNchekwa maka ihe karịrị otu afọ9% ma ọ bụ obereMfu nke ntolite

 Nkwekọ Mmiri 
Ọdịnaya mmiri dị na ọka na-emetụta oke iru mmiri na okpomọkụ nke ikuku gbara ya gburugburu. Ọdịnaya nke nha nhata bụ isi mgbe ọka anaghịzi efunahụ ma ọ bụ nweta mmiri mgbe a na-akpọtụrụ ikuku na-akpọnwụ. Ọdịnaya nke ikpeazụ nke ọka ahụ ruru oke mmiri dị na ikuku ihicha, nke bụ oke iru mmiri. Igwe iru mmiri dị ala pụtara na ikuku akpọnwụwo ma nwee nnukwu ikike iburu mmiri. Dị ka iru mmiri dị ala dị ala, ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ozuzu, otu ọkara mbelata nke iru mmiri na-akpata site na mmụba ogo 20 Celsius na okpomọkụ ikuku.North Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, 1974, Grain Drying on the Farm.

 Okpomọkụ 
Enwere ike iji ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ mee ihe n'usoro ịcha ọka. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ike ime ka mmiri na-agafe n'ime kernel, kamakwa ọ nwere ike iwepụ mmiri n'elu. Nsogbu bụ isi banyere ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ maka usoro ịcha bụ okpomọkụ kernel. Mkpụrụ ọka nwere ike imebi site na okpomọkụ dị elu. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, okpomọkụ nke kernel dị ala karịa okpomọkụ ikuku.Maka ojiji dị iche iche nke ọka, okpomọkụ dịgasị iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ọka mkpụrụ, okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ 110 °F; maka anụ ụlọ na-enye ọka nri, okpompe kachasị elu bụ 180 °F.  

 Mmiri na-efe efe 
Usoro ikuku na-ezo aka na usoro nke ịkwaga ikuku site na ọka. Mmiri na-efe bụ ihe atụ nke ikuku na cubic feet kwa nkeji (CFM). N'ime usoro ịcha ọka, oge ịcha na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọnụego ikuku. Enweghị ikuku zuru oke, ọka nwere ike imebi tupu ịcha ya. A na-eji ndị na-akwado ya ebugharị ikuku site na ọka.Hurburgh, Charles R., Bern, Carl J., Brumm, Thomas J,. "Chapter 7 Grain drying fundamentals. " in Managing Grain after Harvest, 2013
Ntinye ahaỌnụ ọgụgụ ikuku nke mkpụrụ (cfm/bu) Nlekọta dị mma1/50 ruo 1Ịkpọ nkụ n'ime ikuku1 ruo 3Ịkpọ nkụ ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ2 ruo 12Batch ma ọ bụ column dryers na-aga n'ihu50 ruo 150Fluidization~400

 Ọnụ ego ịcha 
Ọnụ ego ịcha nwere akụkụ abụọ: ọnụahịa isi obodo na ọnụahịa ọrụ. Ọnụ ego ego na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ọnụego ịcha, na ọnụahịa ngwá ọrụ. Ọnụ ego na-arụ ọrụ na-ezo aka na mmanụ, ọkụ eletrik na ọnụahịa ndị ọrụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ike achọrọ iji kpọọ bushel nke ọka yiri maka usoro ịcha niile. Ụzọ ụfọdụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ikuku okike, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere ike iji okpomọkụ LP ma ọ bụ gas okike, nke na-eme ka ọnụahịa ike dịgasị iche. N'ụzọ bụ isi, mmanụ na ike eletrik bụ akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke ọnụahịa ọrụ.BEHLEN Manufacturing Co. Modern grain conditioning, 1974. Ọnụ ego ịcha mmiri na-adabere na B.T.U. oriri nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ site na gburugburu ebe obibi gaa na nke achọrọ.

 Nchịkọta nke usoro ịcha ọka dịka usoro nnyefe okpomọkụ si dị 

 Ụzọ e si akọrọ n'ime ebe nchekwa

 Ịkpọ nkụ n'okpomọkụ dị ala
 Ịkpọ nkụ ọtụtụ okpukpu

 Ụzọ e si eme ka ọ kpọọ nkụ

 Ịcha ụgbụ
 Ịcha ogidi

 Ụzọ e si eme ka mmiri kpọọ nkụ

 Ịkpọ nkụ nke mmiri
 Ịkpọ nkụ na-agaghị agafe agafe
 Mmiri na-akwụsị n'otu oge

 Ụzọ e si akọrọ n'ime ebe nchekwa 

 Ịkpọ nkụ n'okpomọkụ dị ala 
Usoro ịcha n'ime nchekwa na-ezo aka na ọka ndị ahụ ka a kpọọ nkụ ma chekwaa n'otu akpa. Ịkpọ nkụ n'okpomọkụ dị ala, nke a makwaara dị ka ịcha nkụ dị nso, bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ịcha nkwakọba ihe. E nwere ihe anọ dị mkpa nke na-emetụta okpomọkụ dị ala: mgbanwe nke ihu igwe, ihe owuwe ihe ubi, ikuku na-aga n'ime ebe nchekwa na oke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ.FS services, Inc., Bloomington, 1977, Grain drying guide. A na-ewu ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị ala iji mee ka ọka kpọọ nkụ n'ụzọ dị nwayọ, ebe n'otu oge ahụ obere mmebi na ọka. A na-atụ aro na usoro ịcha okpomọkụ dị ala na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị dị n'etiti 30 °C na 50 °C.   Kama ịchịkwa okpomọkụ ikuku na-akpọnwụ, okpomọkụ dị ala na-elekwasị anya na iru mmiri iji nweta ihe dị n'ime mmiri (EMC) na ọka niile.IRRI, International Rice Institute, Rice knowledge Bank, 2009. Usoro ịcha okpomọkụ na-ewe ụbọchị 5 ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa dabere na ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị mkpa: ihu igwe, ikuku, mmiri mbụ na oke okpomọkụ eji eme ihe. N'etiti nke, ikuku bụ isi ihe. Enweghị ọnụego ikuku kwesịrị ekwesị, mmebi ga-eme tupu a kpọọ nkụ. Site n'iji ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ (LP okpomọkụ, okpomọkụ eletrik na okpomọkụ anyanwụ), a na-achịkwa iru mmiri nke ikuku na-akpọnwụ nke ọma iji nweta ihe dị n'ime mmiri. A na-ejikarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi ikuku mgbe iru mmiri karịrị 70%. N'ime ihe na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik, a na-etinyekarị ihe na-eguzogide ọkụ eletrik n'ihu fan iji mee ka ikuku na-ekpuchi. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eji humidistat eme ihe iji chịkwaa ihe na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ime ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke anyanwụ, ikuku na-akpọnwụ na-agafe na onye na-anakọta anyanwụ nke mbụ ka ọ na-ekpuchi (na-emekarị 10 ruo 12 °F), wee banye n'ime ite site na fan na moto.  Uru nke ịcha okpomọkụ dị ala n'ime nchekwa bụ ịjupụta ngwa ngwa, ngwaahịa dị elu, obere ngwá ọrụ achọrọ; ebe ọ bụ na ọghọm bụ ogologo oge ịcha, mkpa eletrik ma ọ bụrụ na iji okpomọkụ eletrik, nkà nchịkwa dị elu na ihe owuwe ihe ubi na-ejighị n'aka.

 Ịkpọ nkụ nke nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu 
Usoro ịcha ọtụtụ okpukpu na-ezo aka n'iji okpomọkụ LP ma ọ bụ gas sitere n'okike na-eme ka ọka kpọọ nkụ. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro okpomọkụ dị ala, ịcha ọtụtụ okpukpu chọrọ okpomọkụ kachasị elu, nke na-eme ka oge nchekwa dị mkpirikpi.Ịkpọ nkụ ọtụtụ okpukpu na-enweghị ịkwagharị bụ usoro ịcha ọtụtụ okpukpu, nke a na-etinye ikuku site na ihe na-ekpo ọkụ LP site na onye na-akwado ya. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, okpomọkụ na-arị elu mgbe ọkụ LP nọgidere na-adị ala iji zere ịchabiga ókè na ala ala dị na ite ahụ. Ozugbo a kpọrọ ọka n'ime ite ahụ, a na-agbanyụ ọkụ ahụ ma jiri fan mee ka ọka ahụ dị na okpomọkụ. Uru nke ịcha ọtụtụ okpukpu na-enweghị ịpị bụ obere njikwa ọka, a pụkwara iji bin mee ihe dị ka onye na-akwọcha ma ọ bụ nchekwa; ọghọm ndị ahụ bụ iji nwayọ na-ejupụta na ịcha n'ala ala (Bern na Brumm, 2010).Ịkpọ nkụ ọtụtụ okpukpu na ịpị nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị nkwụsi ike nke ọka site n'elu ruo n'ala, kamakwa belata ikuku nke ọka ahụ. Ọzọkwa, iji usoro mmegharị ahụ nwere ike izere ịcha n'ime nsogbu dị n'ala ma nye otu ihe dị n'ime mmiri n'ime ite ahụ dum. Mgbe ịcha zuru ezu, a na-agbanyụ ọkụ ahụ mgbe a na-eji fan na stirrer agwakọta ọka iji nweta mmiri na okpomọkụ. Uru nke ịgbakwunye mmegharị bụ igbochi ịcha na ime ka ọ dị ngwa na ịcha na ọnụego mmegharị; ọghọm nke usoro mmegharị bụ mmefu ndị ọzọ na ibelata ikike.

 Ụzọ e si eme ka ọ kpọọ nkụ 

 Ịkpọ nkụ n'Ụlọ Nzukọ 
In batch drying methods, certain amount of grain is placed first, usually 2 to 4 inches, the batch is dried and cooled later, then drying is stopped and batch is removed. The batch dryers are usually operating under this sequence and repeating this sequence for several times. The bin-batch drying methods employ a full perforated floor as the dryer. Without stirring, large variety of equipment is available and the batch can be used as both dryer and cooler, but there may be large moisture gradient from top to bottom and losing time in loading and unloading process. When adding stirring system, unequilibrium moisture content problem is avoided, however, stirrer is an added expense. When using bin-batch roof dryer, time losing problem can be solved. There is a drying floor under the bin roof and the drying fan and burner is installed high on the bin wall. When the drying process is completed, grain is put in the regular bin floor, thus unloading time is reduced. However, there is no wet grain holding in bin-batch roof dryers and there is more expense on machines.

 Ịkpọ nkụ nke ogidi 
Ogidi ahụ e guzobere n'ụdị onye na-akwọcha a nwere mpempe ígwè abụọ kwụ ọtọ, nke ọ bụla dị ihe dị ka sentimita iri na abụọ n'obosara. Ikike nke ndị na-ekpocha ogidi dị obere iji chekwaa ọka. Uru nke ogidi, ihe na-akwọcha ihe ndina kwụ otu ebe dị mfe ịkwaga ma enwere ike iji dyer mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ; ebe ọghọm bụ oge na-efu mgbe ị na-ajụ oyi, na-ebudata ma na-ebupụ ya na nkesa mmiri na-ahaghị nhata mgbe ịcha. Mgbe a na-eji ihe na-akwọcha kọlụm, a na-ezere nsogbu ọdịiche dị n'ime mmiri, mana usoro njikwa ọzọ nwere ike ịkpata mmebi ọka.

 Ụzọ e si eme ka mmiri kpọọ nkụ 

 Ịkpọ nkụ nke Cross 
Igwe mmiri na-asọ asọ bụ otu n'ime igwe nkụ na-aga n'ihu na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'ime igwe ikuku na-agafe agafe, ikuku ikuku na-adaba n'usoro ọka. Mgbe ahụ, ọka dị n'akụkụ ikuku ihicha akpọnwụla, ebe n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ọka dị n'okpuru nkụ. Mmiri mmiri na-adị mgbe ihichachara. N'ezie, ọnụ ọgụgụ ikuku na-agbada ala, na-abawanye ụba nke mmiri mmiri dị n'etiti akụkụ abụọ nke kọlụm..UWM, Wisconsin Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resource.

 Mmiri na-akpọnwụ 
N'ime igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu oge, ma ọka na ikuku na-aga n'otu ụzọ ahụ, nke pụtara na ọka kachasị mmiri na-edobe ikuku ihicha kacha mma. Mkpụrụ ndụ na-ahapụ mpaghara ihicha n'otu okpomọkụ na otu ọdịnaya mmiri. Ịrụ ọrụ ike dị 40% mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere igwe na-asọ asọ. Otú ọ dị, omimi ihe ndina ga-adị omimi karịa 12 sentimita omimi karịa ụdị ịgba ọsọ. Ya mere, ihe achọrọ ike fan dị elu na ụdị nkụ a.

 Mmiri na-adịghị asọ 
N'ime ihe na-akwọcha, ọka na ikuku na-aga n'akụkụ dị iche iche, nke pụtara na ọka kachasị akọrọ na-etinye ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-ahapụ mpaghara na-akpọnwụ n'otu okpomọkụ na otu mmiri dị ka ndị na-akpụ akpụ okooko osisi. Okpomọkụ ikuku na-atụ aro na-erughị 180 °F n'ihi na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike imebi mkpụrụ osisi ndị kpọrọ nkụ. 

 Ịkpọ nkụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ 

 Ịcha okooko osisi 
Maka ụdị dị iche iche nke sunflowers, ihe nchekwa mmiri dị iche. Mkpụrụ osisi sunflower nwere mmanụ na-akpọnwụ nke ọma ruo pasent 9 nke mmiri, ebe mkpụrụ nnụnụ sunflower bụ pasent 10 nke mmiri. E jiri ya tụnyere ịcha ọka, a na-eme ka okooko osisi na-acha n'anwụ kpọọ nkụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ma debe ya n'ebe nchekwa. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na sunflowers kernel, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara abụba acid. Enweghị ihe akaebe nke mmebi mgbe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 220 °F na ịcha.  Otú ọ dị, ntutu dị mma na eriri dị na mkpuchi mkpụrụ nke sunflowers nwere ike ịkpata ihe ize ndụ ọkụ. A na-atụ aro ka e wepụ ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ na mbụ mgbe ị na-ekpo ọkụ na sunflowers.

 Ịkpọ nkụ 
Mkpụrụ nke bean na-emebi emebi ma dị mfe imebi na ịgbaji na ịwa, nke nwere ike ịkpata mfu nye onye na-emepụta ya. Nnyocha ụfọdụ gbasara agwa na-atụ aro na iji zere ịgbaji, ọ ka mma ịnọgide na-enwe ikuku na-akpọnwụ n'elu pasent 40 nke iru mmiri.North Dakota State University, Cooperative extension service, 1974, Grain drying in the farm.

 Ịkpọcha ọka 
Mgbe ị na-ehicha mkpụrụ ọka ọka, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na mgbawa na mgbaji na ọka nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ nsogbu na nchekwa na nhazi. Nsogbu bụ isi nke na-esite na ihicha okpomọkụ dị elu wee mee ka ọka dị ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa bụ mgbakasị ahụ. Nchegbu bụ mgbe mgbaji na-apụta na endsperm ọka. Mkpụrụ ndị nwere mgbakasị ahụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri ngwa ngwa, na-enwekarị ike gbajie, ma na-esiwanye ike na ụmụ ahụhụ na mmebi ebu n'oge nchekwa akọrọ. Iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọka nke na-efunahụ n'ihi mgbakasị ahụ, a ga-eji usoro okpomọkụ na-ajụ oyi na ngwa ngwa oyi, ma ọ bụ ikuku eke na ụzọ ihicha okpomọkụ dị ala.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Oge nke ọtụtụ nde tọn ọka na-akpọnwụ site na mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ eletrik na-akpụ akpụ n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ihe a na-ahụkarị amaliteghị ruo mgbe agha gachara mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Ọbịbịa ya dị mkpa maka ọbịbịa nke nchịkọta ihe ubi ubi na mpaghara niile, ọbụlagodi ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị dị elu, dịka njikọta anaghị agụnye oge dị n'etiti owuwe ihe ubi na ịpị ọka, n'adịghị ka owuwe ihe ọkụkụ ọdịnala, nke gụnyere ịkwa (ịkpọ) ọka ma kwe ka ọ kpọọ ruo ọtụtụ izu n'ime nzọụkwụ dị n'agbata. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka afọ 1930, mgbe Cyrus McCormick nke Atọ dere akụkọ ihe mere eme ya banyere imepụta ihe ubi (The Century of the Reaper), ike nke imepụta ihe jikọtara emeela ka ọ dị elu, mana mmiri nke ọka ahụ ka na-anọchite anya nnukwu ihe mgbochi maka ịgbasa njikọta na ebe niile. Ọganihu zuru oke nke njikwa ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ ala mere n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 bụ otu akụkụ na akụkụ ndị ọzọ metụtara usoro ọhụrụ, gụnyere nnukwu ụgbọala, ngwá ọrụ ugbo, iwu okporo ụzọ, electrification, akụrụngwa nkesa maka LPG na mmanụ ụgbọala, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ihe ndị a niile na-arụ ọrụ n'otu n'otu dị mkpa iji mee ka oge ụmụ mmadụ na-emepụta ọka n'ụba dị ọnụ ala na nnukwu igwe na obere ọrụ kwa tọn.

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Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations