Niftawayh

Abu Abdillah Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin 'Urfah bin Sulaiman bin al-Mughira bin Habib bin al-Muhallab bin Abi Sufra al-Azdi ( Arabic </link> ) mara amara dị ka Niftawayh, bụ ọka buru nri Medieval.  A na-ewere ya dị ka onye edemede mma n'oge ya, [1] na mgbakwunye na onye na-akpa na omenala ndị omenala na ngụkọ nke kor'an . Bencheikh, Omar. Nifṭawayh. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Accessed 1 January 2013.

 Ndụ 
A jaridar Niftawayh na Wasit nke dị na Iraq ugbu a.  [3] ọkụ ya bụ nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ 858, ọ bụ ebe na 864 atụkwara aro ya.  [4] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya na Baghdad, ebe ọ nwụrụ na Wednesday na safar dị nnọọ otu awa mgbe ọmụmụ na 935. [5] E liri ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá Kufa n'echi ya.  [4] ọnwụ ya ahụhụ ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ ndị ọkụrụ ihe mere eme na-atụ aro na ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 936 n'otu ụbọchị dị ka Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid. .

Ọ kuziri lexicography mgbe ọ nọ na Baghdad.  [5] [6] O dere akwụkwọ ihe mere eme nke, dị ka nwa akwụkwọ ya Al-Masudi si kwuo, a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ihe bara uru n'oge ahụ.. Al-Masudi's The Meadows of Gold, translated by Aloys Sprenger. Vol. 1, pg. 20. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by W.H. Allen and Co. (now Virgin Books), Leadenhall Street, and B. Duprat, Paris. Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis. London: Garrison and Co. Printers, St Martin's Lane.

Ibn Khalawayh na-ekwu na Niftawayh bụ naanị onye ọka akụrụngwa nwere aha mbụ Ibrahim onye nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Abdullah.  [4] Dị ka Tha'ālibi si kwuo, akpara Niftawayh maka ihe abụọ.  Nke mbụ, ihe foto ya map Arab atụ n'oge ya, dị ka Sibawayh si dị n'oge ya.  Niftawayh nwera siri ike na ọrụ Sibawayh na-atọ ụtọ, ruo n'ókè ebe a na-akpọ nke mbụ dịka nwa nwoke nke ikpeazụ.  [4] Nke abụọ, ndị na-agba agba agba nke ukwuu na-nwere ike nwere asphalt, nke a mara dị ka "nift."  [2] Ya mere, eji ese okwu ndị ahụ "nift" na "wayh" wee mara ya dị ka "Niftawayh al-Nahwi," ma ọ bụ Niftawayh grammarian.

 Echiche 
Niftawayh bụ onye na-eso usoro Zahirite nke ndị mmadụ, ebe ọ bụụrụ nwa akwụkwọ Dawud al-Zahiri .  [7] Ọ akara ihe nlere anya ọ bụghị nanị dị ka isi ụzọ akpali ikpe ikpe, dịka ngwa uri.  [8] Ọ dịghị nke ọ gbala n'ime ọrụ ya na isiokwu ndị ka a mara na ọ dịịrị n'oge a.  N' Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri, nwa onye nkuzi ya na iwu, Niftawayh bụkwa nwa akwụkwọ nke onye na-agụ akwụkwọ Qur'an Al-Duri . Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, trans. Franz Rosenthal. Vol. 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood, pg. 58. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Niftaway nwere echiche dị mma nke Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid nke ise.  [10] Niftawayh kwuru na nkwado caliph nke ndị na-eji ọkụ na ndị na-ese ihe, ọ bụ ebe na o ụwa na caliph mechara kwaa mmakwaara nke ukwuu n'ime oke nke onwe ya n'ihe gbasara ekpuchi ụlọ ikpe ya.  N'ụzọ dị iche, ya na onye ya na Ibn Duraid dịkọrọ ndụ, bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke abụọ nke Arabik, gbara mgba.  [11] Niftawayh boro Ibn Duraid ebubo na ọ bụ naanị ọrụ Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, onye dere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Arabic nke mbụ, Kitab al-'Ayn .  

 nnabata 
Niftawayh nwere nnukwu ihe na ndị Mu'tazila, otu òtù Islam oge ochie na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ndụ ya.  Mgbe Sunnis na Mu'tazila na-anya ibe ha nozuzu, echiche Niftawayh's Zahirite na mbụ usoro ya n'ime nhọrọ bụ, n'echiche nke Mu'tazila, nke " ayo nke ọma." Christopher Melchert, The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Introduction pg. xiv. Brill Publishers. Leiden: 1997.

 Na-arụ ọrụ 
Abu Ali al-Kali hotara ụfọdụ amaokwu nke Niftawayh debere maka nwanyị na-amaghị aha ya n'akwụkwọ nke Kali nke al-Amali: Ibn Khallikan, vol. 1, pg. 27

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