Edaphorology

Edaphology (nke sitere na Greek ἔδαφος, edaphos 'ground' + -λογία, -logia) na-emetụta mmetụta nke ala na ihe ndị dị ndụ, karịsịa osisi.[1][2][3] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ngalaba abụọ nke sayensị ala, nke ọzọ bụ pedology.[4][5][6] Edaphology gụnyere ọmụmụ banyere otú ala si emetụta ojiji ụmụ mmadụ na-eji ala na-eto eto[7] nakwa ka ndị mmadụ na-eji ala eme ihe n'ozuzu ya.[8]. Ebe izugbe n'ime edaphology bụ sayensị ala ugbo (nke a na-akpọ agrology na mpaghara ụfọdụ) na sayensị ala gburugburu.[9] Pedology na-ekwu maka pedogenesis, ọdịdị ala, na nhazi ala.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke edaphology adịghị mfe, ebe ọ bụ na okwu abụọ ọzọ maka sayensị ala - pedology na edaphology - bụ ndị a na-amaghị nke ọma na mbụ. Friedrich Albert Fallou bu ụzọ chepụta pedology na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dị ka sayensị bụ isi nke dị iche na sayensị a na-etinye n'ọrụ nke agrology,  okwu bu ụzọ maka edaphology,  ọdịiche dị na nghọta dị ugbu a nke edaphology. N'ime narị afọ nke 20, a "na-ewepụ okwu edaphology na sayensị ala [pedology-centric] mana a nọgidere na-eji ya eme ihe iji dozie nsogbu edaphic na nkuzi ndị ọzọ.  N'ihe banyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ala Russia, a na-eji edaphology eme ihe dị ka okwu kwekọrọ na pedology,  na Spain, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọmụma ala nabatara edaphology karịa okwu pedology.  Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ala na-amata edaphology dị ka alaka nke sayensị ụwa dị mkpa ma na-akwado alaka pedology.

-" data-="27" href="./Xenophon" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Xenophon">Xenophon (431-355 BC), na Cato (234-149 BC), bụ ndị ọkà mmụta ala mbụ. Xenophon kwuru mmetụta bara uru nke ịtụgharị ihe ọkụkụ mkpuchi n'ime ụwa. Cato dere De Agri Cultura ("On Farming"), nke na-atụ aro Ịkụ ugbo, ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ, na iji legumes na ntụgharị iji wuo nitrogen ala. O chepụtakwara nkewa nke mbụ maka ikike ala maka ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ.

-" data-linkid="38" href="./Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577-1644) mere nnwale a ma ama, na-akụ osisi willow n'ime ite ala ma na-enye naanị mmiri ozuzo ruo afọ ise. Ibu osisi ahụ nwetara karịrị ibu nke ala. O kwubiri na e ji mmiri mee willow. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị akụkụ ziri ezi, nnwale ya kpaliri mmasị na edaphology.Xenophon, Cato and Van Helmont: see page 9-12 in 

 Mpaghara ọmụmụ 

 Sayensị ala 
Sayensị ala ọrụ ugbo bụ itinye kemịkalụ ala, physics, na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-emetụta mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ. N'ihe gbasara kemịkalụ ala, ọ na-ekwusi ike na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke dị mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ugbo, ọkachasị maka uto ala na ihe ndị na-eme ka fatịlaịza. 

A na-ejikọta Ọdịdị ala na ịgba mmiri na mmiri. 

Ịkpa ala bụ omenala siri ike n'ime sayensị ala. E wezụga igbochi mbuze ala na mmebi n'ala ihe ọkụkụ, ọrụ ugbo na-achọ ịkwado ihe onwunwe ala ugbo site na iji Ihe na-eme ka ala dị mma na ihe ọkụkụ kpuchie.

 Sayensị ala gburugburu ebe obibi 
Sayensị ala gburugburu ebe obibi na-amụ mmekọrịta anyị na pedosphere karịrị mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ. Isi ihe na etinyere akụkụ nke ubi adreesị vadose zone ọrụ, septic drain ubi ntule na ọrụ, ọgwụgwọ ala nke mmiri mkpofu, oké mmiri ozuzo, ihize nchịkwa, ala mmetọ na ọla na pesticides, imezi ala nke mmetọ, mweghachi nke ala mmiri, mmebi ala, na njikwa nri gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-amụkwa ala n'ihe gbasara atụmatụ iji ala eme ihe, okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, na mmiri ozuzo acid.

 Mmepụta ihe na edaphology 
Mmepụta ihe emetụtala ụzọ ala si emekọrịta ihe na osisi n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Mmụba nke mmepụta igwe emeela ka e nwee oke ọla dị arọ n'ime ala. A hụwokwa ọla ndị a dị arọ n'ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụ ezie na, mmụba ojiji nke fatịlaịza na ọgwụ ahụhụ emeela ka ihe oriri dị n'ala belata.

Mgbanwe n'omume ọrụ ugbo, dị ka monocropping na ịkọ ugbo, n'ihi mmepụta ihe emetụtawokwa akụkụ nke edaphology. Usoro monocropping dị irè maka owuwe ihe ubi na usoro azụmaahịa mana ọ na-eduga na mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche. A na-egosi mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche na-ebelata ihe oriri dị n'ala. Ọzọkwa, monocropping na-eduga n'ịbawanye ịdabere na fatịlaịza kemịkal. Ọ bụ ezie na ịkọ ugbo siri ike na-enye nsogbu obodo nke microorganism ndị bi na ala. Microorganisms ndị a na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri n'ala na ikuku ikuku nke dị oke mkpa maka uto osisi.

 Hụkwa 

 Ọrụ ala
 Nnyocha ụmụ anụmanụ n'ala
 Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide

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 Ebem si dee 

 European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET) Url nwetara n'ikpeazụ 2006-01-10
 SSSA Soil Science Glossary Url ikpeazụ nwetara 2016-01-10

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