Alexander Milne Calder

Alexander Milne Calder (August 23, 1846 - June 4, 1923) (MILL-nee) bụ onye ọkpụ America nke Scotland kacha mara amara maka ihe owuwu ụlọ nke Philadelphia City Hall .  [1] Ma nwa ya nwoke, Alexander Stirling Calder, na nwa nwa, Alexander Calder, àmà ndị na-ese ihe na ike adọ nke 20.

 Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ 
A Washington Calder na Aberdeen, Scotland, nwa nke onye na-ese okwute .  [1] Ọ gara Royal Academy na Edinburgh n'oge ọ bụ ọrụ maka onye na-ese ihe John Rhind, nna nke onye na-ese ihe J. Massey Rhind .  Calder kwagara London, ebe ọ bụ ọrụ na-ahụ Albert .  Na 1868, ọ kwagara United States wee biri na Philadelphia, ebe ya na Joseph A. Bailly akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ma gaa Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts .

 Ọrụ 
N'afọ 1873, onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ John McArthur Jr. goro ya ọrụ, iji ụdị maka ihe ọkpụkpụ na-achọ ndị Obodo Philadelphia .  Kọmishana ahụ ahụ ihe mgbaàmà 250 mabul na ola kọpa ma were Calder afọ iri abụọ iji wuchaa.  N'otu afɔ ahụ, Calder nyere onye na-ụzọ nke Philadelphia ugbu a Association for Public Art, Fairmount Park Art Association, ka ọ chọ ihe oyiyi equestrian nke Major General George Gordon Meade maka Fairmount Park.  Mgbe ahụ na 1875, ọ meri maka nnukwu ihe oyiyi (ụkwụ 37) nke William Penn bụ nke ga-ekpube ụlọ elu ndị Obodo ọhụrụ.  Ihe oyiyi ahụ ka bụ nke kasị ukwuu n'elu ụlọ ọ àlà n'ụwa ruo taa. Fodor's Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, New York: Fodor Travel Publications, 2007, 51. Hornblum, Allen M., and George J. Holmes, Philadelphia's City Hall, Mount Pleasant: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. DK Travel, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide to Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, Westminster: Penguin Random House, 2017, 74-5.

A na-eli Calder na West Laurel Hill Cemetery na Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, mpaghara Philadelphia.

 Ọrụ ndị ama ama 

 Ụlọ Nzukọ Ụlọ Nzukọ Philadelphia, ihe oyiyi ụkpụrụ ụlọ, John McArthur Jr., Philadelphia, 1873 – 1893.
 Major General George Gordon Meade, West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 1887
 William Warner Tomb, Ebe ili ozu Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, 1889
 William Penn, ihe oyiyi dị mita 37 n'elu Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo Philadelphia, Philadelphia, nke enịm na 1894

 Onyonyo 

 Isi mmalite 

 Bach, Penny Balkin, Art Art na Philadelphia, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1992 
 Craven, Wayne, Ọkpụkpụ na America, Thomas Y Crowell Co, NY, NY 1968 
 Fairmount Park Association, Ọkpụrụkpụ nke Obodo: Akụ nke Philadelphia na Bronze na Nkume, Walker Publishing Co., Inc, NY. NY 1974 
 Hayes, Margaret Calder Atọ Alexander Calders, Paul S Eriksson Publisher, Middlebury, Vermont, 1977 
 Kvaran na Lockley, Nduzi maka Ọkpụkpụ Ọkpụkpụ n'Amerika, ihe odide anaghị ebipụta
 Williams, Oliver P., Ụlọikpe County nke Pennsylvania: Nduzi, Akwụkwọ Stackpole, Mechanicsburg, PA 2001 

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Akụkọ ndụ na webụsaịtị West Laurel Hill Cemetery
 Alexander Milne Calder peeji na Philadelphia Public Art
 Plaque na-asọpụrụ Alexander Milne Calder na Philadelphia Public Art
 Alexander Milne Calder