Charles Ethan Porter

Charles Ethan Porter (1847 - Maachị 6, 1923) bụ onye America na-ese ihe bụ ọkachamara na eserese ndụ . Nwa akwụkwọ na National Academy of Design na New York City, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị America America mbụ gosipụtara ebe ahụ. Ọ bụ naanị ya bụ onye America na-ese ihe na mmalite narị afọ ahụ nke na-ese ihe na ndụ.

 Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Porter na 1847 na Hartford, Connecticut . [Notes 1]  Ma eleghị anya nna ya bụ onye ọrụ igwe nri, nne ya na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ohu.  Ezinụlọ Porter kwagara n'ebe ahụ bụ obodo Rockville dị nso (nke bụzi Vernon, Connecticut ) na mbido 1850s.  Ezinụlọ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ mfu mgbe Porter dị obere. Ha diri ịda ogbenye na ọdachi nanị afọ ole na ole ka ha kwagara Rockville. Porter nwụrụ n'ọrịa asaa n'ime ụmụnne ya na otu n'ime agha n'etiti 1858 na 1868. 
Ụmụnne Porter, Joseph na William, debara aha na Union Army na 1863. Joseph sonyeere 29th Connecticut Infantry Regiment (Acha) na William sonyeere 14th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery (Colored) . E gburu Joseph na Virginia na 1864, e wee lie ya na Rockville ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ndị agha ya laghachi n'ụlọ. William dara ọrịa ịba nke ukwuu ma nyekwa ya nkwarụ na Jenụwarị 1865. 

Porter bụ nwa mbụ ezinụlọ ya ga-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na 1865. Cummings, Hildegard (2007). Charles Ethan Porter:African-American Master of Still Life. University Press of New England. p. 13. ISBN 978-0972449762. Porter hapụrụ Rockville na 1868 ka ọ mụọ ihe osise na Wilbraham, Massachusetts, obodo dị kilomita iri abụọ n'ebe ugwu Rockville. Na mbụ ndị mmadụ gọnahụrụ ya, n'ihi na ọ bụ oji, ma ọ natara n'otu oge. Na 1870, mgbe afọ abụọ nke ọmụmụ nka na Wesleyan Academy (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Wilbraham & Monson Academy), Porter debara aha na National Academy of Design na October 1869, na-aghọ onye mbụ African-American kwetara na ụlọ akwụkwọ. 

 Ọrụ 
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1873, Porter mụtara nkà na Joseph Oriel Eaton, ihe osise a ma ama na onye na-ese ihe nkiri, otu afọ. Kwa afọ, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ma na-ese ihe na New York City site na ọdịda ruo n'oge opupu ihe ubi mana ọ laghachiri na Rockville n'oge okpomọkụ iji ese na kụziere klaasị nka. Site na 1873 ruo 1875, Porter malitere ire ọrụ ya. A na-ere otu eserese maka $175, ọnụ ahịa dị elu maka oge ahụ yana maka ahụmịhe onye na-ese ihe. A maghị ihe ọzọ gbasara Porter n'oge a. Ndị na-anakọta ihe osise na-efunahụ mmasị n'ebe ndị na-ese ihe na America na-eme njem na mba ofesi, na-azụta nkà French nke oge a na Old Masters . Ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto America, n'oge ndakpọ akụ na ụba, malitere ịmụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi na 1870s. Ahịa nke ndị nka America agaghị agbake ruo 1890s. Cummings, Hildegard (2007). Charles Ethan Porter:African-American Master of Still Life. University Press of New England. p. 13. ISBN 978-0972449762.

Na 1878, Porter kwagara Hartford, Connecticut wee guzobe ụlọ ihe nkiri. Obodo ahụ nọ na-enwe ọganihu dị ukwuu, ụmụ amaala ya bara ọgaranya nwekwara mmasị na nkà na omenala ma nwee ego iji malite ma ọ bụ tinye na nchịkọta ihe osise. Ọzụzụ agụmagụ nka ọdịnala Porter mere ka ọ pụta ìhè ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọtụtụ ndị nka na-akụzi onwe ha ndị kwagara Hartford na nso nso a. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ole na ole n'oge ahụ, na naanị nwoke, bụ ọkachamara na eserese ndụ . Cummings, Hildegard (2007). Charles Ethan Porter:African-American Master of Still Life. University Press of New England. p. 13. ISBN 978-0972449762. "Charles Ethan Porter, African American Still-life Painter". Connecticut History.org. Retrieved 17 October 2018. Mgbe ọ nọ na Hartford, Porter kere ọtụtụ eserese ndụ ndị a ma ama taa. Ọtụtụ ihe osise ya nke mkpụrụ osisi abụghị ụdị nke oge ahụ, n'ihi na ha etinyeghị tebụl, poselin, na iko iko na mmetụ pụrụ iche dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ. Ihe osise apụl ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa ma na-ese apụl maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. 

Porter nọrọ ezigbo oge n'èzí. O nwere mmasị nke ukwuu n'okike, nke a na-egosipụta na eserese ya nke urukurubụba, nnụnụ nwụrụ anwụ, ụmụ ahụhụ, na osisi. Na 1879, ọrụ ya nwetara nlebara anya nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Frederic Edwin Church . Ụka gara Porter, zụta ihe osise ole na ole, ma kwupụta Porter na "enweghị onye ka elu dị ka onye na-agba agba na United States." Ụka gbara Porter ume ka ọ mụọ na ese ala ala. Na 1880, Porter gara Adirondacks maka ọnwa abụọ nke ịse na eserese. O kwuputara n'oge ahụ na ọ ga-elekwasị anya n'ọrụ ya n'ụzọ bụ isi na mbara ala, ma e wezụga ihe osise ndụ ndị e nyere ikike. Cummings, Hildegard (2007). Charles Ethan Porter:African-American Master of Still Life. University Press of New England. p. 13. ISBN 978-0972449762.

 Ihe ndetu 

 Ntụaka 
agụmagụ nka ọdịnala Porter mere ka ọ pụta ìhè ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọtụtụ ndị nka na-akụzi onwe ha ndị kwagara Hartford na nso nso a. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ole na ole n'oge ahụ, na naanị nwoke, bụ ọkachamara na eserese ndụ .   Mgbe ọ nọ na Hartford, Porter kere ọtụtụ

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Ifkovic, Ed. 'The Colored Artist': Akwụkwọ akụkọ dabere na ndụ Charles Ethan Porter. Mepụta oghere 2016.
 Krieble, Helen et al., Charles Ethan Porter, 1847? -1923 (katalọgụ ngosi, Connecticut Gallery, 1987)
 New Britain Museum of American Art, Charles Ethan Porter: African-American Master of Still Life (2008), ngosi na monograph katalọgụ

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Charles Ethan Porter, Hartford Black History Project
 Ihe osise nke Charles Ethan Porter
 Charles Ethan Porter, connecticuthistory.org