Edouard Manduau

Edouard Jean Marie Manduau (1855-1938) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-ese mmiri na onye Belgium kacha mara amara maka ọrụ ya na Congo Free State na ime obodo gburugburu Brussels .

A mụrụ Mandua na Ixelles, wee mụọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà na London na Brussels (1871), ebe ọ bụ nwa klas na enyi James Ensor . Na 1884 o sonyeere International Association of the Congo, ebe o duuru njem njem na ọrụ ọha na eze. Ihe osise ya na eserese ya, ihe dị ka 70 na ọnụ ọgụgụ, kere ndekọ bara uru nke Congo na ndị ya; Mgbe na 1885 e gosipụtara ha na Brussels, a nabatara ya nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, na mkpesa na ụfọdụ n'ime "ụzọ ime anya" a na-eme na Congo, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ma laghachi Belgium, bụ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mmegide Le Moniteur du Congo . Ọ gosipụtara na Salon des Artistes congolais na 1933. Manuau nwụrụ na Nieuwpoort, Belgium, na 1938. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Royal Museum for Central Africa na Tervuren .

 Ntụaka 
e gosipụtara ha na Brussels, a nabatara ya nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, na mkpesa na ụfọdụ n'ime "ụzọ ime anya" a na-eme na

 Akụkọ Mgbakọ Congo
 Civilization ma ọ bụ Congo, Royal Museum maka Central Africa
 "L'Exposition du Congo na Edouard Manduau's la Civilization au Congo (1884-1885) ," nke Sabine Cornelis, Maria Moreno, na John Peffer dere, Critical Interventions: Journal of African Art History and Visual Culture, peeji nke 125-140, Mpịakọta 1, mbipụta 1, 2007.
 Bonhams ndetu
 Edouard Manduau, Royal Museum maka Central Africa