Louis Edwin Fry Sr.

Louis Edwin Fry Sr., FAIA,  NOMA  (1903-2000) bụ onye omenkà na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na prọfesọ America.   Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu na Mahadum Howard, mahadum Black mere eme na Washington, DC.  Fry bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ edebanyere aha na Alabama, Washington, DC, Maryland, Missouri, na Pennsylvania.  A maara ya maka nhazi ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji na mahadum ya. Fry na-arụ ọrụ na HBU na ụlọ akwụkwọ steeti na-emepụta ụlọ na atụmatụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, dị ka Prairie View A&amp;M University ; Mahadum Howard ; Mahadum Tuskegee ; Mahadum Alabama State na Montgomery, Alabama; na Mahadum Lincoln na Jefferson City, Missouri. Fry bụ onye guzobere National Organisation of Minority Architects (NOMA).  Ọ bụ onye mmekọ na ụlọ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Fry & Welch .

 Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Louis Edwin Fry Sr na Jenụwarị 10, 1903 na Bastrop, Texas.  Nne na nna ya bụ Pleasant Ann na Henry Bowers Fry, o nwere otu nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Emile, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Black kewapụrụ wee gụchaa na 12th grade na afọ 15. 

Fry gara Prairie View State College (ugbu a Mahadum Prairie A&M), wee gụchaa na 1922 site na nzere BS na nka nka.  Ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ na Kansas State University na Manhattan, Kansas, ebe ọ natara BS ogo (1927) na architectural engineering,  na MS architecture (1929); ma mesịa laghachi na klas na Harvard University's Graduate School of Design, ebe ọ natara M.Arch. ogo (1945).  Mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Kansas State, Fry bụ onye otu Phi Beta Kappa ; ma ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Lorentz Schmidt maka nka nka ya na onyinye sitere n'aka AIA. 

Na 1927, Fry lụrụ Obelia E. Swearingen si Kansas City.  Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ ọnụ; Louis Jr., onye ghọrọ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na Gladys-Marie, onye agụmakwụkwọ nke akụkọ ifo. 

 Ọrụ 
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Kansas State University's undergraduate program na 1927, Fry rụrụ ọrụ na Prairie View State College na Prairie View, Texas nkuzi engineering na mgbakọ na mwepụ.  Ọ haziri ụlọ obibi ọhụrụ nke Prairie View State College maka ụmụ nwanyị akpọrọ Evans Hall (1927), yana ụlọ ọgwụ akwa iri ise (1929, kwaturu na 1980).  Ọ bụ onye Africa-America nke abụọ nyere ikike ịrụ ọrụ owuwu na steeti Texas. 

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị nna ya ukwu na Kansas State University, Fry e goro dị ka a agadi mmebe site architect Albert Irvin Cassell, dochie Hilyard Robert Robinson na Howard University oru ngo.  Ọ rụchara ọrụ ụlọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Mahadum Howard, nke Robinson malitere.  Ụlọ ndị ọzọ dị na Mahadum Howard ọ rụrụ ọrụ gụnyere ụlọ klas Douglas Hall, Ọbá akwụkwọ ntọala, Ụlọ Chemistry, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ, ọnụ ụzọ mbata mahadum, na nnukwu atụmatụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Fry hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Cassell mgbe ọ natachara ma nye ya nkuzi site na Tuskegee Institute (nke bụ Mahadum Tuskegee ugbu a) na 1935. 

A họpụtara Fry ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ nke ngalaba ihe owuwu na Tuskegee Institute, ngalaba e hiwere ọhụrụ.  Architecture abụghị ubi ọhụrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, a kụziiri ya kemgbe 1893, mana Tuskegee Institute hazigharịrị nhazi ngalaba ahụ.  Fry rụrụ ọrụ na nhazi maka nzere ngalaba, wee mechaa atụmatụ nhazi ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Mgbe ọ nọ na Tuskegee Institute, Fry rụkwara ọrụ iji chepụta ụlọ itoolu na Alabama State College (ugbu a Alabama State University) na Montgomery, gụnyere ụlọ ọbá akwụkwọ.   Fry hapụrụ Tuskegee ka ọ nwetasịrị onyinye na 1940 dị ka onye na-ese ụlọ akwụkwọ si na Mahadum Lincoln na Jefferson City, Missouri . 

Na Mahadum Lincoln, o chepụtara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ akụkọ na Page Library. N'afọ 1983, agbakwunyere ọbá akwụkwọ Page dị ka ụlọ na-enye aka na "Lincoln Univ. Hilltop Campus Historic District", nke edepụtara na National Registrar of Historic Places na Cole County, Missouri .   Fry mechara chepụta atụmatụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Charles Edgar Dickinson .  O weere ụbọchị izu ike wee debanye aha na Harvard University's Graduate School of Design na 1944, na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Walter Gropius .  Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1945, ọ bụ onye ojii mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme nzere masta na architecture.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge n'okpuru Marcel Breuer dị ka onye na-ese ihe, tupu ọ laghachi na Mahadum Lincoln. 

Site na 1947 ruo 1972, Fry rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ngalaba na Mahadum Howard dị na Washington, DC, ebe ọ na-ejigide ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya (nke gụnyere imebe ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ).  Howard Hamilton Mackey Sr. jere ozi dị ka onye isi ngalaba na Mahadum Howard n'oge ọrụ ya.  Fry rụrụ ọrụ n'inyere ngalaba ahụ aka inweta nzere ntozu.  Ọ nọgidere na-eme ihe omume ụlọ ya dị ka onye nwe ya ruo 1954, mgbe Fry na John Austin Welch na-emekọ ihe iji mepụta Fry & Welch.  Fry & Welch haziri ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ 16 na steeti 5, yana ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ maka Tuskegee Institute.  Mmekọrịta ahụ dịgidere ruo 1969. 

Na 1960, nwa ya nwoke Louis Jr. sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ya ma nyere ya aka imewe na Washington, DC  N'ime oge ọrụ ya ọ nọgidere na-ezi ihe na ọkwa kọleji.  Na 1967, Fry kpọrọ onye ibe ya site na American Institute of Architects (AIA).  Ọ bụ onye otu Washington, DC Board of Examiners and Registrar. 

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
Fry nwụrụ site na oyi baa na-efe efe na June 10, 2000, na Washington Hospital Center na Washington, DC.  Ọ nwere nwunye ya dị afọ iri asaa na atọ na ụmụ abụọ.  Nwa ya nwoke Louis Jr. nwụrụ n'ihi nsogbu sitere na ọrịa kansa afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, na 2006. 

Fry kụziri ọtụtụ narị ụmụ akwụkwọ ihe owuwu ụlọ America. Agụnyere profaịlụ Fry na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004). Mahadum Kansas State, Ngalaba Morse nke mkpokọta pụrụ iche nwere ebe nchekwa aha ya bụ Louis Fry (nchekwa 21). 

 Ihe nrite 

 1966, Onyinye ọrụ pụrụ iche, Mahadum steeti Kansas 
 1967, College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects (AIA) 
 1995, Centennial Award, American Institute of Architects DC Chapter

 Ọrụ 


 Ọrụ nhazi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ 


 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 



 Hụkwa 

 African-American architects

 Ntụaka 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations