Thomas Miller (onye na-ese ihe)

Thomas Miller (December 24, 1920  - Julaị 19, 2012) bụ onye mmebe eserese mara mma na onye na-ese ihe na-ahụ anya, onye ọrụ a kacha mara amara n'ihu ọha bụ mkpokọta mosaics nke ndị guzobere DuSable Museum of African American History na Chicago, Illinois. . Mosaics bụ akụkụ pụtara ìhè nke ọnụ ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, https://web.archive.org/web/20160810055514/http://www.dusablemuseum.org/exhibits/details/thomas-miller-mosaics The DuSable Museum of African-American History - Thomas Miller Mosaics. Retrieved 10/07/2009 akụkụ mbụ ya bụ nke DH Burnham na ụlọ ọrụ haziri  ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nchịkwa South Park na Washington Park n'akụkụ ndịda obodo. . Mgbe o jesịrị ebumnuche dị iche iche, ụlọ ahụ ghọrọ ebe obibi nke DuSable na 1973.

 Akụkọ ndụ 

 Ndụ mbido 
A mụrụ Miller na Bristol, Virginia, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Douglas High School na 1937. Ọ gara Virginia State College (ugbu a Virginia State University) nke tọrọ ntọala na 1882 ka obodo mbụ zuru oke na-akwado ụlọ akwụkwọ mmụta dị elu afọ anọ maka ndị America-America .

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ na 1941 mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta bachelor na agụmakwụkwọ na-elekwasị anya na nka, wee debanye aha na US Army, ebe ọ nwetara ọkwa nke Sajentị mbụ, na-eje ozi na 3437 Quartermaster Truck Company  BLACK ARMY/AIR CORPS UNITS STATIONED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Retrieved 2/1/2010  DDay Overlord.com Retrieved 2/1/2010 n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ .

 Agụmakwụkwọ 
Ọ bụ ezie na Miller agụghị akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ gbasoro mmasị ya na nkwụsi ike nke ga-abụ àgwà a ma ama nke àgwà ya mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ. Ọbá akwụkwọ ojii ndị ọ na-enweta n'oge ọ bụ nwata nọ n'ebe ndịda anaghị enyekarị akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nwere mmasị ịmụ, mana o nwere ike iji ụlọ akwụkwọ ọbá akwụkwọ na-enweta naanị ndị ọcha iji nyochaa onyinye nke akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ isi. ndị na-ese ihe.  Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka Miller chọpụtara Leonardo da Vinci, Fitzpatrick, Lauren (February 18, 2007). "Life by Design - After career overcoming racial obstacles, top graphic artist finds new creative outlet". Daily Southtown. pp. Southland, p.1. onye ọrụ ya bụ mkpali nke nọgidere na-emetụta ya ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya.

Miller enweghị ohere ịmụ akwụkwọ nka azụmaahịa ruo mgbe ọ bịarutere Chicago ka ewepụrụ ya na ndị agha.  Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ, kpebisiri ike ịzụlite talent ya, Miller tinyere akwụkwọ ma nabata ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Ray Vogue School of Art. Ọ dịghị mfe ime nke a n'oge ahụ, ya na nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya bụ Emmett McBain "... bụ nanị ndị Africa-America [ebe ahụ] ma e wezụga ndị na-elekọta ụlọ."  E hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ a na 1916 dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ nka azụmaahịa, ma bụrụ otu n'ime kọleji izizi etinyere nka na imewe na United States.

Ka ọ na-erule 1946, mgbe Miller ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ, Ray Vogue nwere aha mba dị ka onye nkuzi na-eduga na nka ọkachamara na imepụta ejiji. Mgbe ọ nọ na Ray Vogue, Miller mụtara nkà azụmahịa na eserese, wee gụchaa akwụkwọ ya n'ebe ahụ na 1950.

 Morton Goldsholl Associates 
Miller malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe ọkachamara na obere oge na ụlọ ọrụ Chicago nke Gerstel-Loeff tupu ya abanye Morton Goldsholl Associates, ụlọ ihe nkiri nke a maara n'oge ahụ maka "atụmatụ ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na-aga n'ihu", n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime ole na ole. ụlọ ọrụ na-ewere ndị pere mpe na ụmụ nwanyị n'ọrụ aka ọrụ. Kirkham, Pat. Women Designers in the USA, 1900-2000: Diversity and Difference. p.64 N'ihi na ọ bụ obere ụlọ ọrụ nwere aha ọma maka mmepụta ọhụrụ na ịdị mma, ọ bụ oge a na-adịghị ahụkebe mgbe ohere ịrụ ọrụ maka Goldsholl gosipụtara onwe ya, na mgbe nke a mere na 1950, Miller gbasoro ohere ahụ na ịdị uchu ọ na-emebu.

Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị n'oge a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ kọwara akụkụ mbụ nke mkparịta ụka ya na Goldsholl nwere (1911-1995): "Morton Goldsholl gwara m, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ, na ọ chọrọ onye mmepụta. O kwukwara na ọ naghị ewe ọrụ. m n'ihi na m bụ onye oji na o nwere ọmịiko n'ebe m nọ O kwuru na ọ na-ewe m n'ihi na ọ chọrọ onye nrụpụta. 

Ụzọ nke Goldsholl adịghị mfe, na-eche na ọ dị mkpa ka Miller merie ihe mgbochi ahụ nke agba akpụkpọ ya kere. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eji akara mmụta sitere na mahadum steeti a na-akwanyere ùgwù na mgbe e mesịrị ọzụzụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-azụ ahịa site na ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma ama, ọ dị mkpa ka Miller hapụ nwunye ya Anita na ụmụ ha abụọ n'aka nwanne ya nwanyị na Florida, ebe ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ kụziri. n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha, ebe ọ malitere ịchọta ọrụ ebe a ga-ewe ya n'ọrụ dịka nha anya n'ubi ya.

Emere mgbalị mbụ ya na New York City na New Jersey, na ọ bụ ezie na ọ natara onyinye nke ọrụ na nghọta na ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'azụ ihuenyo ka ọnụnọ ya wee ghara ịpụta ìhè nye ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ, ọ tụlere nke a. ọnọdụ na-adịghị anabata. Mgbe ike gwụrụ ihe ọ bụla ohere nwere ike ịdị na North Eastern United States, nkwụsị ọzọ na njem njem ya bụ Chicago, bụ ebe o nwetara ọrụ mbụ na Gerstel-Loeff, na n'ikpeazụ na Morton Goldsholl. Miller gara nke ọma n'ebe ahụ, nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká ihe dị ka afọ iri atọ na ise ka e mesịrị. 

Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ọrụ dị ntakịrị site n'ụkpụrụ Chicago (ụlọ ọrụ ahụ tọrọ ntọala na mmalite 1940s ma nwee nanị ihe dị ka mmadụ iri na abụọ n'oge ọ bụla, gụnyere Morton Goldsholl na nwunye ya, Millie Goldsholl ), a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha mma. na obodo Chicago.  N'afọ 1951, a goro ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ wepụta akara ngosi na njirimara eserese maka Ezi Design, ihe ngosi mmekorita na mmemme nkwado nke Chicago Merchandise Mart na Museum of Modern Art na New York mebere mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke oge 1950 gasịrị.

Goldsholls gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru László Moholy-Nagy  Chicago Film Archives na New Bauhaus (ugbu a IIT Institute of Design na Illinois Institute of Technology ), na ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-etolite, ọ bịara bụrụ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka mmepụta ihe okike ya, nke gụnyere ihe nkiri   Up is Down   na mmepe nke ika na nkwakọ ngwaahịa maka ndị isi mba ụwa dị ka Motorola, Quaker Oats na Peace Corps .  Animation site na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere mgbasa ozi maka ụlọ ọrụ caliber nke Gillette na Hallmark, bụ ndị mmefu ego mgbasa ozi ha ga-ekwe ka ha gaa ebe ọ bụla, ma ndị na-ahọrọ ka ha bịa Morton Goldsholl Associates, "Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri [Chicago]". http://www.michaelspornanimation.com/splog/?p=1690 Millimeter Magazine "The Loop" April, 1975 http://www.michaelspornanimation.com/splog/?p=1694 Millimeter Magazine "Animated Commercials - Their Use (and Misuse) on Television. by Michael Spoorn February, 1976 Millie Goldsholl bụ onye na-ese foto nke ọma ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị malitere na 1975 nke Midwest USA Chapter of ASIFA, International Animated Film Association (l'Association Internationale du Film d'Animation). 

Ekwupụtaghị ihe ọhụrụ nke Morton Goldsholl Associates naanị na nka ọ bụla - dịka ọmụmaatụ na 1953 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ haziri “ahịrị ọhụrụ nke arịa ụlọ [ụmụaka] nke oge a nke emere ka ya na nwata wee 'tolite',  wee bụrụ enwetara patent na 1985 maka imepụta “Ihe nrụpụta onyonyo na usoro eji eme foto foto”, nke nwere ike iji ihe nkiri foto nkịtị mee ihe onyonyo pụrụ iche.  N'oge ọrụ ya na Goldsholl, Miller nyere aka na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a, ma bụrụ onye nrụpụta mbụ na studio nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na njirimara maka 7-elu n'etiti 1970s.   "The mmụọ nsọ maka imewe dị nnọọ bịara m" o kwuru otu ugboro n'oge na ajụjụ ọnụ. "Kedu ụzọ ka mma isi gosipụta nhụsianya nke ihe ọṅụṅụ carbonated karịa site na iji okirikiri dịka ntọala nke imewe". Maka ọrụ a na ndị ọzọ ọ nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye maka ma onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ ya. African-American Designers in Chicago: Some Preliminary Findings. by Victor Margolin c.2000. AIGA Journal of Graphic Design, vol 10, no. 1. Retrieved October 13, 2009

 Ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya 
Ọrụ Miller dị ka onye na-ese ihe nọọrọ onwe ya malitere n'amaghị ama n'oge ọ nọ na Europe n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ . Site na ụkọ nke agha kpatara, mgbasa ozi Miller site na mkpa bụ ihe ọ bụla ọ nwere ike ibikwasị aka ya - akwụkwọ kwesịrị ekwesị, pensụl, agba na nzu siri ike ịbịa   - ma ọ dịghị onye ọ bụla ga-enye ohere iji nweta ya. agba, sere ma ọ bụ ihe osise, Miller were ihe ọ bụla nka ọ nwere ike imezi wee pụọ n'oge ezumike ya iji nka dekọọ ịma mma nke ka dị na Europe. Nke a na-edugakarị na ọrụ mberede, ebe Miller ga-ekere òkè na ọrụ ya ugbu a maka mgbanwe n'akpa uwe (ma ọ bụ otu oge site n'inye onyinye ya) mgbe onye na-agafe agafe kwụsịrị iji nwee mmasị na ọrụ ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Goldsholl Associates, Miller gara n'ihu dị ka onye na-ese ihe nọọrọ onwe ya ma site na ọrụ nzuzo yana site n'igosi ọrụ ya n'ebe dị iche iche. Ọ bụ na ihe ngosi na Hyde Park dị na Chicago ka Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, bụ onye isi ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke DuSable, bịakwutere Miller ka o mepụta ụdị ihe ncheta nye ndị malitere ụlọ ihe ngosi nka. Nzukọ a mere ka e mepụta mosaics Thomas Miller. Miller jikwa nkà ya ṅomie ọrụ ndị omenkà a ma ama maka ndị na-anakọta ndị na-enweghị ike ị nweta ihe mbụ ma ọ bụ nke n'ihi na ha adịghị adị. Maka ọrụ ndị a, a na-eme ka "mbipụta" dị iche iche mgbe niile n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, ma ọ bụ site na mgbanwe na nha ma ọ bụ agba, ma ọ bụ site na mgbakwunye nke ụfọdụ akụkụ nke naanị n'akụkụ n'akụkụ ntụnyere nke mbụ ga-ekpughe. Nke a bụ ohere maka Miller iji mụọ ụdị na usoro nke ndị nka ndị ọzọ, wee jee ozi dịka ahụmịhe mmụta nye ya.

 Ebe nchekwa 
A na-edobe akwụkwọ Thomas Miller na Mahadum Illinois dị na Chicago ma gụnye foto, mpempe akwụkwọ, slides, asambodo onyinye, realia, prototypes, kalenda, akwụkwọ akụkọ oge na ihe atụ nke atụmatụ ya maka ụlọ ọrụ. http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/specialcoll/services/rjd/findingaids/TMillerDesignb.html Thomas H. E. Miller Design Papers: An inventory of the collection at the University of Illinois at Chicago (7-UP, MIC, Betty Crocker's Chicken Helper, akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ụmụaka wdg ka a na-ahụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ na foto foto, slides na realia. Nchịkọta Akwụkwọ Ọpụrụiche Na-adịghị ahụkebe.)

 Ndepụta ọrụ ahọpụtara 
N'ime oge ọrụ (ma ndị nọọrọ onwe ha na ndị ọkachamara) nke ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke narị afọ, Miller rụpụtara ihe karịrị 1000 ọrụ nka nke gụnyere akara ụlọ ọrụ ama ama nke mba ụwa, ihe atụ maka akwụkwọ, lithographs, eserese, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta oge nke ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya dị mkpa na nke ama ama.

 Dị ka onye na-ese ihe nọọrọ onwe ya 

 Ndị guzobere Mosaics - DuSable Museum of African American History

Mgbidi ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ Miller's magnum opus, ma na-egosipụta ọmarịcha ihe okike nke na-arụ ọrụ ya. N'adịghị ka mosaic ọdịnala nke e ji ụrọ ma ọ bụ tile enyo mee ihe ndị a, a na-esi na puku kwuru puku iberibe plastik ewepụtara site na akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa nke agbaziri agba n'otu n'otu wee hazie iji mepụta onyonyo n'usoro. "Onye ọ bụla nwere ike ime ihe osise mmanụ," ka o kwuru n'oge a na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ, "ma iji ihu na-eme ya na square bụ ihe siri ike. A ghaghị ịtụgharị ha n'otu akụkụ iji nweta ìhè".  Na mgbakwunye na ihe osise nke ndị na-emepụta ihe, usoro a na-agụnye ihe osise nke Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, onye isi obodo Chicago nwụrụ anwụ Harold Washington, na collage na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Chicago.

 Na-agafe 
Thomas Miller nwụrụ n'ụra ya n'ụlọ ya na Smith Village na Chicago, IL. 

 Ntụaka 
nke ka dị na Europe. Nke a na-edugakarị na ọrụ mberede, ebe Miller ga-ekere òkè na ọrụ ya ugbu a maka mgbanwe n'akpa uwe (ma ọ bụ otu oge site n'inye onyinye ya) mgbe onye na-agafe agafe kwụsịrị iji nwee mmasị na ọrụ ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Goldsholl Associates, Miller gara n'ihu dị ka onye nnke ka dị na Europe. Nke a na-edugakarị na ọrụ mberede, ebe Miller ga-ekere òkè na ọrụ ya ugbu a maka mgbanwe n'akpa uwe (ma ọ bụ otu oge site n'inye onyinye ya) mgbe onye na-agafe agafe kwụsịrị iji nwee mmasị na ọrụ ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Goldsholl Associates, Miller gara n'ihu dị ka onye naa

 Njikọ mpụga 

 DuSable Museum of African American History - Ihe ngosi dị ugbu a - Thomas Miller Mosaics
  Ndị na-eme akụkọ ihe mere eme - Ndị na-ese ihe - Thomas Miller Biography. Enwetara 07/10/2010.
  Ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ nke Thomas Miller, onye ọrụ ya mebere nka nka, onye natara 2021 AIGA Medal mebere ụzọ maka ndị nrụpụta ojii n'ọdịnihu - AIGA Eye on Design - Nweta 08/25/2022
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