Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick

Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick (1933–1986) bụ onye egwu America-Afrika, onye na-akwado ikike obodo, na onye ozi sitere na Haynesville, Louisiana. N'ọgwụgwụ 1964 ọ bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Deacons for Deacons for Defense and Justice, otu ndị agha ojii na-agbachitere onwe ha, na obere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Jonesboro, Louisiana, iji chebe obodo ojii megide ime ihe ike ọcha. <ref name="NYT">/ Ya na Earnest "Chilly Willy" Thomas, Kirkpatrick guzobekwara isiakwụkwọ Deacon n'obodo ndị ọzọ nke Louisiana, na na Mississippi na Alabama.

Onye otu Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. na South Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Kirkpatrick bụ onye na-agụ egwú/onye na-ede abụ, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke omenala ndị mmadụ. <ref name="NYT">Malite na 1968, o jiri Smithsonian Folkways Recordings dekọọ ọba atọ. Otu bụ ndekọ nke 1978 Louisiana Folk Fest, mmemme kwa afọ nke Kirkpatrick tụụrụ ime ma na-akwado ya mgbe niile, iji chekwaa ma mee emume omenala egwu. O ji egwu kụziere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa-American, gụnyere Civil Rights Movement, nye ụmụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ ọ gara biri na New York City.



 Akụkọ ndụ 
Akpọrọ aha onye mkpochapụ a ma ama na narị afọ nke 19 Frederick Douglass, Kirkpatrick mụrụ na 1933 na Haynesville, ugwu Louisiana . Nna ya John L. Kirkpatrick bụ onye ozi na nne ya nwụrụ na nwata. O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị anọ na otu nwanna nwoke dị ndụ ruo n'oge. Ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na chọọchị dị iche iche, na-etolite na-ejupụta n'ozi ọma na egwú ime mmụọ. Kirkpatrick mụtara ịkpọ ụbọ na abụ, wee malite ide egwu nke ya. Nne na nna ya kwadoro agụmakwụkwọ ya wee gụchaa na Grambling College (ugbu a Mahadum Grambling), kọleji ojii nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nwere akara mmụta na bayoloji. 

Kirkpatrick ghọrọ onye otu South Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), nke hibere na 1950 ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka ikike obodo nke ndị America America site n'ịchịkọta ike nke ụka ha. N'ikpeazụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke omenala ndị mmadụ maka SCLC. Ọ gara n'ihu na-abụ abụ, na-akụ ụbọ na ide egwu nke ya. Otu n'ime egwu ya a kacha mara amara bụ ụdị Pete Seeger 's "Onye ọ bụla nwere ikike ibi ndụ", nke akọwara dị ka "ụkwe nke ngagharị ikike obodo." "Rev. F.D. Kirkpatrick; Associate of Dr. King". New York Times. 1986. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

Nguzogide nke otu ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ ime ihe ike n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ndịda, gụnyere n'ime obodo igwe ihe nrụpụta nke ugwu Louisiana. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 1960s, Kirkpatrick bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Jonesboro, Louisiana, obere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mpaghara ugwu nke steeti ahụ, ebe ndị òtù CORE nọkwa na-arụ ọrụ maka uru ikike obodo.

N'ịnọgide na-aga n'ihu ime ihe ike sitere n'aka ndị òtù KKK, na Nọvemba 1964 Kirkpatrick na Earnest "Chilly Willy" Thomas rụkọrọ ọrụ ndị Deacons for Defense and Justice n'obodo dị na Jackson Parish . Obere ndị ọrụ ojii anọwo na-alụ ọgụ klaasị na ndị ọcha ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na mgbakwunye na mgba mmegbu na mgba n'okpuru iwu Jim Crow steeti. Seth Hague, " 'Niggers Ain’t Gonna Run This Town': Militancy, Conflict and the Sustenance of the Hegemony in Bogalusa, Louisiana", Outstanding History Paper (1997-1998), Loyola University-New Orleans; accessed 11 May 2017 Ha zutere ihe ịma aka n'ụzọ dị iche karịa ndị ojii ime obodo na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo, na-achọ ka CORE soro ụzọ ha.

Ka ndị ọrụ ojii na-achọ ikike obodo na Jonesboro, ndị òtù Ku Klux Klan (KKK) nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eyi ha egwu na mwakpo. Kirkpatrick na Thomas hibere Deacons for Deacion and Justice dị ka ndị agha iji chebe ndị ọrụ ruuru obodo, ezinụlọ ha na ndị isi ojii.

 Onye egwu egwu 
Na 1968, n'oge na-adịghị anya ka e gbusịrị Dr. Martin Luther King, Kirkpatrick dekọtara album na Jimmy Collier, Onye ọ bụla nwere ikike ibi ndụ, maka Smithsonian Folkways Recordings . Everybody's Got a Right to Live 1968, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings; accessed 11 May 2017 Nchịkọta egwu sitere na oge ikike obodo dịkwa site na nbudata, cassette, ma ọ bụ CD. 

 Mgbe afọ gachara 
Kirkpatrick ama ada n̄wan esie aka New York City, ebiet emi enye akanamde utom nte owo Baptist . Ya na nwunye ya nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ na otu nwoke, ha niile biri na Grambling ka ndị okenye. "Rev. F.D. Kirkpatrick; Associate of Dr. King". New York Times. 1986. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

Ọ nwụrụ na August 16, 1986, na St. Luke Hospital na New York. Ọ nwụrụ site na "nwunye ya, onye bụbu Annie Pearl Thompson; nna ya, Rev. John L. Kirkpatrick; nne di ya, Arabella; ụmụ nwanyị atọ, Cameillia Ann, Alfreda Denise na Brunella Roanna, na otu nwa nwoke, Howard Curtis, ha nile. nke Grambling; ụmụnne nwanyị anọ, Mary Helen Staten nke Lafayette, La., Lovie Leola Stakes nke Chicago, Lucille Bradford nke Midland, Tex., na Mae Faye Hunter nke Argo, Ill.; nwanne nwoke, Robert L. Kirkpatrick nke Dallas, na ụmụ ụmụ asaa." "Rev. F.D. Kirkpatrick; Associate of Dr. King". New York Times. 1986. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

 Ntụaka 
obere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Jonesboro, Louisiana, iji chebe obodo ojii megide ime ihe ike ọcha.  Ya na Earnest "Chilly Willy" Thomas, Kirkpatrick guzobekwara isiigwe ihe nrụpụta nke ugwu Louisiana. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 1960s, Kirkpatrick bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Jonesboro, Louisiana, obere ụlọakwụkwọ 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Onye ọ bụla nwere ikike ibi ndụ, 1968, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
 Ballads of Black America, 1972, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
 John Passmore, "Ballad of a Watergate Security Guard" (1975), 9 August 2015, NYPR Archives na Nchekwa; njikọ na ndekọ nke arụmọrụ 1975 zuru ezu
 FD Kirkpatrick na-akwado mmemme ndị Folk Louisiana: Ndị nka dị iche iche, 1978, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations