Igbe achịcha

Achịcha achịcha nke obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara bụ mpaghara, n'ihi ụbara ala na/ma ọ bụ ihu igwe dị mma, na-amịpụta ọka wit buru ibu ma ọ bụ ọka ndị ọzọ. Osikapa Osikapa bụ okwu yiri nke a na-ezo aka na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia; A na-akpọ ndagwurugwu Salinas California mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka efere salad America. Mpaghara ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ isiokwu nke esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, nke nwere ike ịmalite n'ọgba aghara agha zuru oke.For example: Ukraine in 1941–1944 during World War II: 

Achịcha achịcha aghọwo ihe dị mkpa n'ime usoro nri zuru ụwa ọnụ site na itinye uche na mmepụta nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mba na, na mba ndị dị ka India, na obere mpaghara mpaghara. Ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na-abawanye mgbanwe ihu igwe gburugburu ụwa, ohere nke ọtụtụ bredskits na-ada n'otu oge na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ọgba aghara nri nke 2022 bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdịda na mpaghara bred isi, na mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 butere nnukwu mmebi nke mpaghara bred achịcha dị iche iche dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọka wit na mmanụ mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ..

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 


 Oge Ochie 
A na-ewere Sicily na ógbè Africa dị ka nkata achịcha nke Roman Republic. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ndị eze ukwu, a na-ewere Hispania (na kpọmkwem, Baetica) dị ka "nkịta achịcha Rome." Strabo kwuru na "Turdetania bụ ihe magburu onwe ya na-eme nri, ọ nwere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche ma dị ukwuu", yana na ya na ógbè Egypt, ha bụ ókèala ndị kasị arụpụta ihe na ụwa a ma ama. Crimea bụ isi iyi nke oke ọka a na-enweta na obodo-obodo Gris, ọkachasị Atens.

 Afrịka 
Na South Africa, a na-elekarị mpaghara Free State anya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ọka wit, sunflower, na ubi ọka ya. A makwaara mpaghara Overberg dị na Western Cape dị ka oghere achịcha nke South Africa n'ihi nnukwu ubi ọka wit ya, yana uto mkpụrụ osisi.

Zimbabwe, nke a maara dị ka Rhodesia, bụ nke a maara dịka achịcha nke Africa ruo n'afọ 2000, na-ebupụ ọka wit, ụtaba, na ọka n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka. Otú ọ dị taa, Zimbabwe, bụ onye na-ebubata ihe oriri site na Western World.O yiri ka enwere arụmụka ma ọ bụrụ na Zimbabwe bụ nkata achịcha nke Africa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ime afọ 55 Zimbabwe enwetụbeghị 10% nke ọka na kọntinent ahụ. Site na 1960 ruo 1980 ọ kụrụ naanị 6% dị ala karịa onyinye Kenya ma na-adaba na Naịjirịa.

 Morocco 
Ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro akụ na ụba kachasị n'ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Morocco, ọ na-esiri ike ikwu maka mpaghara achịcha. Mpaghara niile na-emepụta ọka wit na ọka bali nke ha iji nye onwe ha na anụ ụlọ ha nri. Site na mmụba azụmahịa Europe na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19, Morocco malitere mbupụ ọka wit na Europe n'agbanyeghị mmegide nke Ulama (ndị okpukpe). Ala dị larịị Chaouia na Doukkala ghọrọ ndị na-eweta ọka wit kachasị mkpa maka mbupụ. Nke a bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya n'ihi ịdị nso ha n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Casablanca na Feddala, Mohammedia nke taa, na-arụ ọrụ na Chaouia Plain ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Mazagan na-arụ Doukkala.

Mgbe nnwere onwe Morocco gasịrị, ọrụ ugbo na Doukkala ghọrọ nke a kwadebere maka ịgba mmiri n'ihi ya, e wepụtara obere ebe maka ọka wit, ebe Chaouia nọgidere na-enwe ọnọdụ ya dị ka nnukwu mpaghara na-emepụta ọka wit n'ihi ala ya gbara ọchịchịrị a na-akpọ tirs na mmiri ozuzo buru ibu (ihe dị ka 400 mm / afọ). 

 Eshia 
ỌnọdụIgbe achịcha / RicebowlCambodiaE mepụtara mpaghara Battambang dị ka efere osikapa nke Cambodia n'ihi ubi ndị na-eme nri na mpaghara ahụ.ChinaA maara Sichuan n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "ógbè nke ụbara" (魚米) n'ihi ike ọrụ ugbo ya n'akụnụ ihe mere eme. A makwaara mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Yellow na Osimiri Yangtze dị ka Henan, ndịda Jiangsu na Zhejiang maka ọmụmụ ha bara ụba. 
Ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China (nke iwu kwadoro mpaghara atọ nke Heilongjiang, Jilin na Liaoning), ọkachasị mpaghara ugwu oyi, a maara dị ka "Great Northern Wilderness" (北大荒) n'ihi ụkọ ndị bi na ya tupu nnukwu mbata nke Ndị China Han banye n'ógbè ahụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ndị Japan na-achị na Manchukuo, ọrụ ugbo mụbara iji nye ndị agha Japan nri. Mgbe e guzobere People's Republic of China, ọpụpụ na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ sochiri n'oge ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, a na-arụkwa ọrụ ugbo n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ala ojii na-eme nri nke mpaghara ahụ, na-agbanwe North East ka ọ bụrụ "Great Northern Granary" (北大仓) nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ ugboro ihe ọkụkụ achọrọ maka oriri mpaghara.IndiaA na-ewere Uttar Pradesh na Punjab tinyere Haryana dị ka efere achịcha nke India.
A na-ekwu na West Bengal na Uttar Pradesh na Andhra Pradesh tinyere Telangana bụ "efere osikapa" nke India.IndonesiaA na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Java dị ka efere osikapa nke Indonesia.Korea, SouthA na-ewere mpaghara Honam, nke Jeolla Province na-akọwapụtakarị, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala ahụ, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo ya na uto ala. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke Jeonju Bibimbap a ma ama.   Korea, NorthA na-ewere ala dị larịị nke Hwanghae Province kọwara dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi mkpa ala ya. MalaysiaA na-ewere Kedah dị ka efere osikapa nke Malaysia, na-eme ihe dịka ọkara nke mmepụta osikapa niile nke Malaysia. N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Kedah machibidoro ntụgharị nke Ubi paddy ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji chebe ụlọ ọrụ osikapa.MyanmarIrrawaddy Delta dị na Myanmar bụbu otu n'ime isi iyi osikapa kachasị mkpa na mpaghara ahụ ruo mgbe mmepụta ya belatara n'ihi ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adịghị mma nke mba ahụ.PakistanA na-ewere mpaghara Punjab dị ka oghere achịcha nke Pakistan.PhilippinesA na-ewere ógbè Nueva Ecija, nke dị n'àgwàetiti Luzon, dị ka ebe a na-edebe osikapa na Philippines n'ihi nnukwu ala a na-eji emepụta osikapa. 
A maara agwaetiti Mindanao dị ka nkata nri nke mba ahụ.SiriaA na-ewere mpaghara Al-Jazira dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Siria, na ọdọ mmiri Yufretis ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ n'ihi ụbara ọka wit ya.ThailandA na-ewere Chao Phraya delta dị ka efere osikapa nke Thailand.VietnamA na-ewere Delta Mekong dị na Vietnam dị ka efere osikapa nke mba ahụ.

 Europe 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ubi ọka wit dị nso na Lund na Scania, Sweden.
ỌnọdụIgbe achịcha / RicebowlBulgariaSouthern Dobruja, mpaghara dị larịị na-eme nri n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Bulgaria n'etiti Danube na Oké Osimiri Ojii, a na-ewere ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke mba ahụ.SaịprọsAla dị larịị nke etiti a na-akpọ Mesaoria nke gbara isi obodo Nicosia gburugburu abụwo ebe a na-edebe nri n'àgwàetiti ahụ.FinlandMpaghara Ndịda Ọdịda Anyanwụ Finland na Uusimaa, nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe kachasị ọkụ na kọntinent Finland na ala na-eme nri n'ihi ọnọdụ ha dị n'ebe ndịda, na-eme ka ha bụrụ efere achịcha nke Finland.FranceA na-ewere ala dị larịị Beauce dị ka oghere achịcha nke France.GermanyA na-ewere East Prussia dị ka nkata achịcha nke German Reich.Einst Deutschlands Kornkammer: Neusiedler haben keine Beziehung zum Land, Ostpreussen-Warte, 1960HungaryAla Dị Larịị nke Hungary emepụtala ọka na ọka dị ukwuu. Na mbido narị afọ nke 20, 34% nke mmepụta ọka zuru oke na Europe na 11% nke mmepụta ntụ ọka na Europe bụ na Hungary.IrelandỌkara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ireland bụ nkata achịcha ọdịnala nke mba ahụ, ebe a na-eji akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ eme ihe maka ịta ahịhịa. Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na mmalite nke iri na itoolu, Ireland n'onwe ya bụ oghere nri nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Ireland, na ọka Irish na-enye obodo mmepụta ihe nke Britain ebe ndị ọrụ ugbo Irish na-eri poteto. Nke a ga-eduga na Nnukwu Ụnwụ nke afọ 1840.   LatviaA na-ewere Semigallia dị ka nkata achịcha nke Latvia.PortugalAlentejo bụ mpaghara dị larịị ma na-eme nri n'ihi na ọ dị n'etiti osimiri Tagus na Guadiana. N'ihi nke a na ịdị nso ya na Lisbon, a na-ewere ya dị ka "ekpo achịcha nke Portugal" ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.   N'akwụkwọ sitere na 1639, nke Don Agostinho Manuel de Vasconcelos dere, a kọwara "Ógbè Alentejo" dị ka "ụlọ nkwakọba ihe kachasị eme nri nke Alaeze ahụ".  N'afọ 1833, onye edemede Don José Muñoz Maldonado bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere Agha Peninsular nke ọ kọwakwara "ógbè Alenteja, nke a na-akpọ achịcha nke Portugal maka ụbara ya. RomaniaNa narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a na-ewere Romania dị ka akụkụ nke nkata achịcha nke Europe.Sheilah Kast and Jim Rosapepe, Dracula Is Dead (2009) p 104RọshịaE nwere Central Black Earth Region na Russia n'onwe ya.SerbiaA na-ewere Vojvodina dị ka oghere achịcha nke Serbia. Ihe dị ka 70% nke ngwaahịa ugbo ya bụ ọka, 20% nke ahịhịa ụlọ ọrụ, na 10% nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.SpainN'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ewere mpaghara ndịda Andalusia dị ka "nnukwu achịcha nke Spain".   Mmeri nke Andalusia abụghị naanị ihe ịga nke ọma nke Reconquista, kamakwa nyere Ndị Eze Hispanic mpaghara ọrụ ugbo kachasị emepụta ihe na Iberia: Ndagwurugwu Guadalquivir.
Site na aha njirimara kwesịrị ekwesị nke granero de España, ịbanye na nnukwu ndagwurugwu Andalusian pụtara mmesi obi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachasị ọka wit, kamakwa osisi oliv, ubi vaịn, osisi oroma, okpete, wdg. nke a ga-agbakwunye ọka, strawberry, lemon, osikapa, wdg. N'afọ 1826, Alexander de Laborde kwuru, sị: Ánọmba Andalusia jupụtara n'ọka nke na a na-akpọ ya "ekpo achịcha nke Spain," n'ihe gbasara owuwe ihe ubi okpukpu abụọ karịa oriri ya. Andalusia na-emepụta ọtụtụ mmanya mara mma, nke mere na a na'ihi ya ka a na-ewere ha dị ka mmanya kachasị ọnụ ahịa na Spain (...) N'alaeze Granada na Seville, osisi vaịn dị nnọọ ukwuu (...) Olivishọn ahụ bara ọgaranya ma dị egwu na alaeze anọ nke Andalusia.

N'ala ndị a na-agba mmiri, ubi mkpụrụ osisi nke Valencia na Murcia pụtakwara, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekwu mgbe niile na Spain enwere naanị ubi mkpụrụ osisi abụọ, nke Valencia na nke Murcia. A na-ewerekwa obodo Castile na León dị ka oghere achịcha nke Spain, ebe ọ bụ na a na-akụ mkpụrụ ọka buru ibu n'ala ya, ọkachasị na mgbakwunye na ubi vaịn na akwụkwọ nri. A na-ewere Almería, ya na oké osimiri plastik ya, dị ka "ogige nke Europe".SloveniaNa narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, e nwere atụmatụ ịdọrọ mmiri na Ljubljana Marsh ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ oghere achịcha nke Carniola.Melik, Anton. 1959. Slovenija: Geografski Opis, vol. 2, part 3. Ljubljana: Slovenska Matica, p. 187.Vidic, Marko. 1987. "Agrarna revolucija." Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 1, pp. 20–21. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga.SwedenA na-ewere Scania dị ka oghere achịcha nke Sweden. Mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara ọ bụla dị elu karịa mpaghara ọ bụla ọzọ na Sweden na ala ahụ so na ndị na-eme nri n'ụwa. Ala dị larịị nke Scanian bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ndị ọzọ nọ na Sweden ebe ọ bụ na 25-95% nke ngụkọta mmepụta nke ụdị ọka dị iche iche sitere na mpaghara ahụ.TurkeyA na-ewere mpaghara Aegean, mpaghara Marmara na Central Anatolia dị ka oghere achịcha nke Turkey. Mpaghara Aegean na Mpaghara Marmara bụ ndị a ma ama maka ịkọ osisi oliv, ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi na ịkọ akwụkwọ nri. Central Anatolia bụ ebe a ma ama maka ịkọ ọka dị ka ọka wit, ọka, sunflowers na ọka bali.UkraineỌ dịla anya a maara Ukraine dị ka oghere achịcha nke Europe.Ukraine's fraught relationship with Russia: A brief history. The Week. March 8, 2014 Mgbe ọ bụ akụkụ nke Soviet Union, a maara ya dị ka oghere achịcha nke Soviet Union.United KingdomA na-akpọ mpaghara East Anglia nke East of England, Southeast England, East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire na Humber na England na Scottish Lowlands mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "Britain's breadbasket" ebe ngwakọta nke ihu igwe, ala na ala dị mma maka ịzụlite ọka wit. Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Anglia Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ England na 2010 zuru ezu iji mepụta achịcha nde 5,774.  Na Wales nke oge ochie, a na-ewere Isle of Anglesey dị ka nke na naanị ya nwere ike "inye ndị niile bi na ya oke ọka".

 Amerịka 

 Ebe Ugwu America 
Na Canada, a na-akpọ nnukwu ebe a na-akụ ọka ala Canada. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mpaghara Saskatchewan, nke a makwaara maka imepụta nnukwu ihe mgbakwunye potash, na-apụtakwa n'ime mpaghara a dị ka isi achịcha nke Canada.

Na United States, mpaghara dị mkpa bụ Corn Belt, ebe ọka na soybeans bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa, nke na-agbasa site na Great Lakes n'ebe ndịda site na Missouri. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na United States na Canada, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Rocky, bụ Wheat Belt, ebe ihu igwe siri ike maka ọka ma ọ bụ soybeans.

A na-akpọkarị mpaghara Palouse nke steeti Eastern Washington dị ka Breadbasket nke Pacific Northwest, n'ihi nnukwu mmepụta ọka wit na lentils.

N'oge Agha Obodo, a maara Ndagwurugwu Shenandoah dị ka Breadbasket nke Confederacy. 

Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-akpọkwa Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin dị na California achịcha nke ụwa. Ndagwurugwu San Joaquin na-emepụta ihe ka ukwuu n'ime 12.8% nke mmepụta ugbo nke United States (dị ka a tụrụ ya na uru dollar) nke sitere na California. Mkpụrụ vaịn - tebụl, mkpụrụ vaịn, na, ruo n'ókè dị ala, mmanya - bụ ma eleghị anya ngwaahịa kachasị elu na ndagwurugwu ahụ, mana n'otu aka ahụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị karịa) dị mkpa bụ ogho, mkpụrụ osisi (karịsịa almond na pistachios), citrus, na akwụkwọ nri. 70% nke ụwa na 100% nke US na-enye almond sitere na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Oranges, peaches, garlic, tangerines, tomato, kiwis, hay, alfalfa na ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ ejirila nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Dabere na ọnụọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo nke afọ 2002 nke uru ahịa nke ngwaahịa ugbo rere, itoolu n'ime mba 10 kachasị elu, na 12 n'ime obodo 20 kachasị elu dị na California.

Brazil bụ mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata ọka n'ụwa, nwere pasent 19 nke òkè ahịa mba ụwa, na mba nke anọ na-emepụta ọka (osikapa, ọka bali, soybeans, ọka na ọka wit) n'azụ United States, China na India. Brazil bụkwa mba kachasị ebubata okpete, mmiri oroma, kọfị, ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, ọka, na mba nke abụọ kachasị ebubata anụ ezì na ogho. Mba ahụ nwekwara ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama dị ka onye na-emepụta ma na-ebupụ osikapa, ọka wit, àkwá, koko, agwa, mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche. 

N'ime narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20, a maara Argentina dị ka oghere achịcha nke ụwa, n'ihi mkpa ọrụ ugbo nwere, ma ka nwere, na mba ahụ. A na-ahụ ubi ọka nke Argentina na mpaghara Pampas, nke gụnyere mpaghara Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba na La Pampa. N'ime mpaghara a, ọtụtụ obodo, dị ka Pergamino, Venado Tuerto na Rosario, bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị na-eme nri na kọntinent ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ubi ndị ahụ gụnyere soybeans, ọka, ọka wit, ọka bali, sunflower na ahụekere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ịnweta ahịa California na Australia mere ka mbupụ ọka wit bụrụ ọrụ bara uru, na-eduga na Usoro ọka wit nke Chile. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mba ndị ahụ nwere nnukwu ọlaedo, nke mere ka a chọọ ọka wit dị ukwuu. Chile bụ n'oge ahụ "naanị onye na-emepụta ọka wit nke dị mkpa na Pacific".

 Oceania 

 Australia 
A na-ahụ Murray-Darling Basin dị ka oghere achịcha nke Australia, ebe ọ bụ isi iyi nke 40% nke ego ọrụ ugbo nke mba ahụ, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke owuwe ihe ubi ọka wit, pasent 95 nke ihe ọkụkụ osikapa na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka mkpụrụ osisi, mmanya na ogho.

 New Zealand 
Mgbe New Zealand ghọrọ obodo Britain, ala ndị na-eme nri na-emepụta nri nke a ga-ebughachi azụ na England, na-eme ka New Zealand bụrụ onye a na-akpọkarị (mgbe ụfọdụ yana Australia) dị ka bred nke Britain, na-eduga na Dunedin bụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ iji wuchaa n'ezie ịga nke ọma n'ibu anụ refrigerated. Ejiri igwe refrigeration were rụkwaa ya nke o ji buru ibu mbụ nke anụ jụrụ oyi si New Zealand gaa United Kingdom.

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