Stirling Dickinson

Stirling Dickinson (1909 - Ọktoba 27, 1998) bụ onye omenkà America nke ndụ ọtụtụ ndụ ya na San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato na Mexico, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na ihe ga-abụ abụ nke ndị na-ese  ihe si United States.  Steeti na Canada [2]

 Afọ mbụ 
Willam Stirling Dickinson bụ nwa Francis Reynolds Dickinson (1880-1974) na Alice May Stirling (1884-1952).  A mindi nna nna Dickinson William Dickinson n'ugbo New Hampshire na 1837, kwagara Chicago, na mgbe o ihe n'ihe ọrụ Hugh McLennan & Co. ekiri onye na-ere nde mmadụ n'ahịa ọka Chicago.  Nna ya, onye ọka iwu Chicago, bụ 1903 akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Harvard, ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Crimson na onye otu Signet .  Ha nwere ihere na-egbu mgbu, nsogbu Stirling ketara.  A akwụkwọ Stirling Dickinson na Chicago na 1909, wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Berkshire School na mgbe ahụ na Mahadum Princeton mmụta akwụkwọ na 1931. Ọ gara Art Institute of Chicago maka akwụkwọ akụkọ akwụkwọ, yana dịka nwa akwụkwọ akwụkwọ gara Ecoles d'Art Américaines  na Obí Fontainebleau na France.  Otú ọ dị, ọ nakweere na nkà ya ime ya n'ịkpọ dị elu nke ndị na-ese ihe [2] [3]

Na 1934 ya na Heath Bowman, onye ha zutere na Princeton, mere njem ọnwa isii na Mexico na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 1929 Ford Model A convertible.  Bowman na-agụ ha n'akwụkwọ Mexico Odyssey nke nwere ọkụ, nke Dickinson sere.  Akwụkwọ ahụ rere nke ọma.  [2] Ha dere akwụkwọ nke abụọ na South America.  N'ebe mmalite site na Rio na-edekọ njem ha siri ezigbo ike site na Rio de Janeiro n'ebe-ama egwuregwu ruo n'ikpere mmiri nke Oke ịnọ Pasifik.  [4] Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ ihe ide akwụkwọ na-egosi na Mexico, na- ike ibi na San Miguel mgbe ha na-ede Death is Incidental, na mbụ na-ewu ụlọ nke ha ngosi "Los Pocitos" n'ụdị mkpọmkpọ ebe nke  ochie akpụkpọ anụ.  [2] ikike na-eri naanị $90.  [5] Mgbe e bipụtachara akwụkwọ ahụ, Bowman na-eme ma ahụ, Dickinson feera òkè ya n'iche.  Ọ ike n'ebe ahụ, bụ nwa ịda, na-ebi nnọọ mfe n'agbanyeghị na o ketara nnukwu akụ na nyere aka.. [2]

 Ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà San Miguel 
Na 1938 Dickinson onye isi nke Escuela Universitaria de Bellas Artes na San Miguel.  [2] Dickinson kwalitere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-eleta mahadum na ebe edina-enyefe akwụkwọ n'ọtụtụ obodo US.  akwụkwọ a na- akara aka anya n'ụmụ akwụkwọ si mba ọzọ na ndị Mexico bara ụba, ma yere ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo ahụ ihemfa ihe dị ọnụ ala, na-usoro usoro akwa na ite omenala ma si otú a na-enyere aka  ichekwa omenala ha. [6]

N'oge Agha nke ihe, Dickinson jere ozi na Naval isi isi na Office of Strategic Services na Washington na Italy n'etiti 1942 na 1945.  maka ndị agha agha.  Ọtụtụ ndị ji kaadị nkà na San Miguel, bụ́ ebe ọnụ akara obibi dị nnọọ ala.  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ goro onye na-ese akwụkwọ David Alfaro Siqueiros dị ka onye nkuzi, onye Kọmunist a ma ama.  Ya na onye nwe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Alfredo Campanella, nwere akwụkwọ gbasara ego.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ akwụkwọ Siqueiros, na n'ikpeazụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha mba.  A manyere imechi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 1949. Dickinson kwuru ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ya, mana na-ama nzere site na US Embassy, ​​ọ na-esiri ike iketa ụmụ akwụkwọ [2]

Na 12 Ọgọst 1950 a ịchụpụrụ Dickinson ya na ndị nkuzi America ise ndị ọzọ na di na nri Canada Leonard na Reva Brooks .  Ihe mmanya ya bụ na ha ike ezigbo visa ọrụ.  Ekwuru na Campanella enyela ndị isi ihe iri ngo ụfọdụpụ ndị nkuzi maka mmegwara maka mmechi ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.  Otu ndị dị na New York Times kwuru na ihe na-acha ya bụ na ha jụ ọchịchọ aka na US na agha Korea .  Leonard Brooks mechara nwee ike ibuli iwu mbula ya site na ndị na-eso ya na General Ignacio M. Beteta, onye nwanne ya nwoke Ramón Beteta Quintana bụ onye agha ngwaọrụ na-akpa ike na ọkwa mba.  [7] Na nloghachi Dickinson na San Miguel, ọሰር onye ntụzi nka nke Instituto Allende mepere ọhụrụ ọhụrụ. [2]

Na 29 Ọgọst 1957 New York Herald Tribune gbara àmà ihe ọmụmụ 100 Reds Expatriate na Mexico Elere dị ka ihe ize ndụ nye US .  O kwuru, sị: "Abụọ n'ime obodo zie mma na Mexico - Cuernavaca na San Miguel de Allende - osisi isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ụfọdụ ndị America a na-akpọ isi na ndị Kọmunist.  na-ekwu, bụ [Albert] Maltz, [ Maurice] Halperin, na onye a na-akpọ 'nwoke omimi' aha ya bụ William Sterling Dickinson...".  Magazin Time ụdị ndị a na-abụrụ "Red Haven" nke o kwuru na Dickinson "na-akpa ụlọ maka ndị Kọmunist na ndị njem ibe."  [8] Otu ụlọ iwu Chicago nke nna Dickinson bụ onye mmekọ yiri egwu ịgba akwụkwọ ma akwụkwọ mgbaghara site na akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ.  [9] akwụkwọ New York Herald Tribune odide otu na-eto ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọnụ ala dị na ụdị dị iche nke ụmụ akwụkwọ, na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na-ekwu "ọ dịghị ihe Bohemian bụ otu Instituto.." [10]

Dickinson gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Instituto Allende ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1983. [2]

 Ihe omume ndị ọzọ 
Dickinson bụ onye ọrụ ebere, ma nyekwa ndị obodo San Miguel aka n' ngosi ama n'oge ndụ ya niile n'ebe ahụ.  O na-amụ aka n'apọ mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụbọm na bọọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ.  Na ntọala afọ 400 nke ntọala San Miguel, a nabatara ya n'ụzọ iwu dịka nwa amaala obodo ahụ.  [3] Ọ ntọala otu egwuregwu baseball na San Miguel, ma nyere ndị egwuregwu aka n'ụzọ ego.  Na nloghachi, ha ukwu ya aka na isi ya ọzọ, nchịkọta orchid.  Encyclia dickinsonia na Cypripedium dickinsonia bụ aha ya.  O nyere ndị na Bulletin of the American Orchid Society [1] N'oge agadi ya, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Instituto Allende, ọ pụtara na mmemme ọbá akwụkwọ ime obodo, na-aga n'ihu na-enyere aka ruo mgbe  ọ nwụrụ n'ihe ike ụgbọ ala na October 27, 1998., ụgbọ ala ya gbapụrụ n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ wee daa n'elu ugwu 50 ụkwụ [2] [3]

 Ihe nketa 
Dickinson bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpali akpali n'ịmepụtapụta nke San Miguel tụsaar n'ụzọ akụ na ngwaọrụ wee ihe ndọta maka ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ihe yana ndị lara ezumike nká na United States.  [12] Otu ụlọ akwụkwọ na Academia Internacional San Miguel de Allende na-aza aha ya.  [13] N'ime oge site na 1950 ruo 1970s Instituto Allende dɔtara ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ si United States.  [5] Ndị edemede Beat Generation Jack Kerouac na Neal Cassady ọmụmụ oge na obodo.  [14] N'afọ 2010, ihe mmụta nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ndị bi na ya, ma ọ bụ mmadụ 8,000, sitere na United States.. [12]

Mmetụta ahụ abụghị ihe dị mma. Dickinson gbalịrị ime ka ụmụ akwụkwọ ya mara ụdị ndụ na omenala ndị Mexico site na njem nlegharị anya ebe ha zutere ndị nkịtị nke mpaghara ahụ n'ụlọ ha na ebe ọrụ ha, ma eleghị anya, ọ bụghị iji nweta mmasị dị ka ọ tụrụ anya ya. [15] N'ebe Dickinson bi n'ụzọ dị mfe ma kwanyere ndị Mexico ùgwù, ndị ọhụrụ si n'ebe ugwu nwere mmasị karị n'ụdị ndụ dị elu na ọnụ ala. [16]

Ọnụ ego ụlọ amụbaala ma ndị mba ọzọ na-anọpụ iche na ndị obodo. [14]

Dickinson na ndị mba ọzọ ndị ọzọ bikwa n'ógbè ahụ. [17]

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 






 Ntụaka 
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

 Isi mmalite 
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations