Bill Gunnonye

William Harrison Gunn (Julaị 15, 1934 - Eprel 5, 1989) bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye isi ihe nkiri. Ya 1973 òtù nzuzo kpochapụwo ihe nkiri egwu egwu Ganja &amp; Hess ka a họọrọ dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri America iri kacha mma nke afọ iri na Cannes Film Festival, 1973. Harris, Brandon (March 31, 2010). "Bill Gunn Surfaces at BAM", Filmmaker Magazine. Retrieved February 18, 2011 Gunn, Bill (May 13, 1973), "To be a Black Artist'." The New York Times, p. 121.  Na New Yorker, onye na-akatọ ihe nkiri Richard Brody kọwara ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe nkiri na-ahụ anya hapụrụ n'akụkụ nke oge a na-atọhapụ onwe ya nke ihe nkiri America." Brody, Richard (August 16, 2016), "The Front Row: Ganja & Hess", New Yorker. Condé Nast. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Spike Lee ekwuola na Gunn bụ "otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na-enweghị ekele n'oge ya."  Ihe nkiri Gunn Johnnas nwetara ihe nrite Emmy na 1972. Fraser, C. Gerald (Friday, April 7, 1989), "Bill Gunn, Playwright and Actor, Dies at 54 on Eve of Play Premiere", The New York Times, section D, p. 20 of the New York edition. Retrieved March 24, 2009.

 Ọrụ 
Onye amaala Philadelphia, Gunn dere ihe karịrị egwuregwu 29 n'oge ndụ ya. Ọ dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ wee dee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo emepụtara. Na 1950, Gunn mụtara ime ihe na Mira Rostova na New York's East Village.  Na 1954, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmepụta Broadway nke The Imoralist na James Dean . Ya na Dean, o sonyeere otu okirikiri nke gụnyere Montgomery Clift, Eartha Kitt, na Marlon Brando . "Gunn, Bill." Mitchell, Verner D, and Cynthia Davis, eds. Encyclopedia of the Black Arts Movement. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. p. 147-148. Gunn kesara otu ụlọ na Nyack, New York na Sam Waymon, nwanne onye na-agụ egwú Nina Simone, bụ onye dekwara akara egwu maka Ganja & Hess .  Mpụta mbụ ntụzịaka Gunn gaara abụ Kwụsị! (1970), nke Warner Bros kwadoro n'okpuru atụmatụ nke ịbụ ihe nkiri studio nke abụọ nke onye Afrika America na-eduzi. E bu n'obi ya dị ka ihe nkiri nke metụtara ndị di na nwunye abụọ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ n'ime mmekọ nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ibe ya n'akụkụ nraranye nke onwe. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ dobere ihe nkiri ahụ tupu e wepụta ya, ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ahụ mechara kwuo na ha enweghị mbipụta na ebe nchekwa ha. E gosiputara mbipụta 35mm na nlegharị anya na ọnwụ Gunn, na otu VHS nke ihe nkiri dị (nke Jack Hoffmeister, onye so na ihe nkiri ahụ chọtara).  Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado na enyi nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye edemede bụ Kathleen Collins, na-ekere òkè na fim ya Losing Ground .  Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 54 site na encephalitis na ụlọ ọgwụ Nyack, New York ụbọchị tupu egwuregwu ya The Forbidden City mepere na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ọha na New York City. 

Na 2021, ihe ngosi akpọrọ "Ruo mgbe ha nụrụ: Bill Gunn Directs America", nke raara nye ọrụ na ihe nketa nke Bill Gunn, ka egosiri na gallery New York Artists Space . Ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nka nka na ndị ọkà mmụta Gunn haziri usoro mmemme a gụnyere, Hilton Als, Jake Perlin, Sam Waymon, Nicholas Forster, Awoye Timpo, Chiz Schultz, na Ishmael Reed .  N'afọ 2021, Timpo megharịrị egwuregwu Gunn's Black Picture Show maka ihe nkiri n'ụdị agụmagụ. 

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Ejije 

 Marcus na High Grass (1959) - nke Guild Ụlọ ihe nkiri mepụtara.
 Johnnas (1968) - emepụtara na New York City na Chelsea Theatre.
 Ihe ngosi foto ojii (1975) - emepụtara na New York City na Vivian Beaumont Theatre .
 Rhinestone (egwu; dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Rhinestone Sharecropping ) (1982) - emepụtara na New York City na Richard Allen Center.
 Obodo a machibidoro iwu (1989) - emepụtara na New York City na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ọha.

 Ihe nkiri 

 Kwụsị (1969), Warner. (anaghị ahapụ ya)
 (Ya na Ronald Ribman ) Angel Levine (1970) (mmeghari nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bernard Malamud ), United Artists.
 Onye nwe ụlọ (1970) (mmeghari akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'aka Kristin Hunter ), United Artists.
 Ganja na Hess (1973), Kelly-Jordan Enterprises, degharịrị ma wepụta ya n'okpuru aha Blood Couple, Heritage Enterprises.
 Kachasị ukwuu (1977), Columbia. (anaghị akwụ ụgwọ) 

 Ihe nkiri onyonyo 

 Johnnas (1972), Ụlọ ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Mba (NBC).
 Akụkọ Alberta Hunter (1982), onye na-edekọ ihe w. Chris Albertson-emechabeghị - Southern Pictures (UK).

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Ndị ọzọ niile anwụọla (1964), Delacorte (New York).
 Rhinestone Sharecropping (1981), Reed, Cannon,  ,  .

 Filmografii (dị ka omee) 
Afọ Ihe nkiri Ebe E Si Nweta 1970 Kwụsị onye nduzi 1973 Ganja &amp; Hess
... aka Black Evil ... aka Black Vampire (USA: aha vidiyo) ... aka Blackout: Oge ụjọ ... aka Blood Couple (ụdị ịkpụ) ... aka Ugboro Abụọ ... Aka Vampires nke Harlem onye nduzi 1980 Nsogbu onwe onye onye nduzi

 Filmografii (dị ka omee) 
YearTitleRoleNotes1957Look Up and LiveGeorgeEpisode: "No Man Is an Island"CrossroadsRoyShort, Uncredited1959The Sound and the FuryT.P., Dilsey's Grandson1961Route 66Hank PlummerEpisode: "Goodnight Sweet Blues"Naked CityAl NorbertEpisode: "Which Is Joseph Creeley?"1962The DefendersFrank ReillyEpisode: "The Tarnished Cross"The InternsRoscoUncreditedStoney BurkeToby / Bud Sutter2 episodes1963The Outer LimitsLieutenant James P. WillowmoreEpisode: "Nightmare"1964The Man from U.N.C.L.E.NamanaEpisode: "The Double Affair"Dr. KildareJesse Kamba, MDEpisode: "The Elusive Dik-Dik"1965The FugitiveAveryEpisode: "Conspiracy of Silence"1966PenelopeSergeant Rothschild1973Ganja &amp; HessGeorge Meda1982Losing GroundVictor Rogers1986The Cosby ShowHomer2 episodes1988Black VampireDr. Matara(final film role)

 Ntụaka 
America", nke raara nye ọrụ na ihe nketa nke Bill Gunn, ka egosiri na gallery New York Artists Space . Ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nka nka na ndị ọkà mmụta Gunn haziri usoro mmemme a gụnyere, Hilton Als, Jake Perlin, Sam Waymon, Nicholas Forster, Awoye Timpo, Chiz Schultz, na Ishmael Reed .  N'afọ 2021, Timpo megharịrị egwuregwu

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Anderson, Melissa. "Na Mbipụta Abụọ ngwa ngwa abụọ, Bill Gunn na-alụ ọgụ maka ịdị n'otu ya", Voice Village, Disemba 29, 2015.
 David, Marlo D. "'Kwe ka Ọ Na-agbaji': Ọchịchọ na Okwu Mkparịta ụka n'ime ihe nkiri nke Bill Gunn", Igwefoto ojii 2.2 (2011): 26-46.
 "Gunn, Bill." Mitchell, Verner D, na Cynthia Davis, ed. Encyclopedia of the Black Arts Movement . Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. p. 147-148.
 Ostrom, Hans. "Bill Gunn", na Hans Ostrom na J. David Macey (eds), The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishers, 2005. Mpịakọta nke Abụọ, 683.
 Sieving, Christopher. Na-arịọ ọbara: Bill Gunn's Ganja & Hess . Mahadum Indiana Press, 2022.
 Tate, Greg. "Bill Gunn, 1934-1989." Olu Obodo, Eprel 25, 1989. Vol. 34, Aịz. 17, p. 98.
 Williams, John. "Bill Gunn (1929-1989): Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri ya, ọrụ dị egwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya." Nzukọ Literature Black American. 25.4 (1991): 781- (7p).

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Bill Gunn at IMDb
 Bill Gunn at the Internet Broadway Database
 Bill Gunn at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
 Bill Gunn Papers – Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division
 Original print donated to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York.