Jay Jackson (artist)

Jay Paul Jackson (September 10, 1905 - May 16, 1954) bụ onye Africa-America na-ese ihe nke nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Chicago Defender, na mgbakwunye na ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese onyinyo maka Magazin akụkọ sayensị dịka Amazing Stories na Fantastic Adventures.

 Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga 
A mụrụ ya na Oberlin, Ohio, Jackson hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Ọ na-akwọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, kwaga Pittsburgh ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ígwè, gaa Mahadum Ohio Wesleyan otu afọ, ma nwee ọrụ na-enweghị isi na nke dị mkpirikpi dị ka onye ọkpọ. Ọ hapụrụ Wesleyan, malite azụmahịa na-ese ihe, wee ghọọ onye na-ese egwu maka Pittsburgh Courier. Ọ malitere ire ihe osise na Defender na Abbott's Monthly n'etiti afọ 1920, mana ọ ghọghị onye ọrụ Defender ruo n'afọ 1933.Mooney, Amy M. "Seeing 'As Others See Us': The Chicago Defender Cartoonist Jay Jackson as Cultural Critic" MELUS Multi-Ethnic Literature of the U S 39(2) (June 2014), pp. 115-120

 Onye na-agbachitere na ebe ndị ọzọ 
Ka ọ na-erule 1934, e mere Jackson onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri maka onye na-agbachitere ya. Na mgbakwunye na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị, o mere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri maka onye na-agbachitere na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Negro, gụnyere The Adventures of Bill, As Others See Us, Billy Ken, Exposition Follies, Senda, Skin Deep, Society Sue, Speed Jackson, na Tisha Mingo. N'afọ 1934, ọ maliteghachiri ma gbanwee ogologo oge nke Defender's Bungleton Green strip. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Tim Jackson dere, "Jackson mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe na-atọ ọchị na ihe osise n'ime afọ iri nke afọ 1940... Ihe osise Jackson jupụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe ha pụtara. " Jackson, Tim. Pioneering Cartoonists of Color Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2016 Ọ lụrụ Eleanor Poston, onye ọrụ Defender ibe ya.

Jackson natara onyinye abụọ "Front Page" site n'aka American Newspaper Guild, otu maka ịmegharị mwakpo HUAC na Hollywood, n'ihi na a maara Jackson maka mkparị ya na-egbu egbu nke ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ na ndị na-egbu ọbara ọbara.

 Akụkọ sayensị 
N'afọ 1938, magazin akụkọ sayensị na-ebute ụzọ Amazing Stories adaala n'oge siri ike, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na Chicago bụ William B. Ziff zụrụ ya. Ọ tụgharịrị ntụziaka nchịkọta akụkọ ya nye Onye na-akwado akụkọ sayensị nke Chicago Ray Palmer. Ụlọ ọrụ Ziff enwetala ọkwa dị elu na mgbasa ozi maka akwụkwọ ndị na-ahụ maka ndị isi ojii, ọ makwaara ọrụ Jackson maka Defender na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Jackson sere akụkọ atọ na mbipụta mbụ Palmer dezigharịrị nke Amazing (June 1938). N'ime afọ anọ sochirinụ, ọrụ ya ga-apụta n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbipụta iri anọ nke Amazing na onye ibe ya, Fantastic Adventures, na Jackson na-egosikarị ihe karịrị otu akụkọ n'otu mbipụta.

E kwenyere na Jackson bụ onye omenkà ojii mbụ a na-eji eme ihe mgbe niile na magazin akụkọ sayensị. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ụdị ihe ọmụma, ọ bịara mara nke ọma n'ọhịa ahụ, a makwaara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka ụdị akụkọ sayensị na-atọ ọchị nke Palmer nwere mmasị ịgba ọsọ. E gosipụtara ya na Amazing's "Introducing the Author" feature, ihe dị ụkọ maka onye na-ese ihe, na foto nke mere ka ndị na-agụ magazin ahụ ghọta na Jackson bụ onye isi ojii, nwoke kọleji nwere ezinụlọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na nnukwu ahụmịhe na ọrụ ya.

Mgbe afọ anọ gachara n'ọhịa akụkọ sayensị, Jackson ghọtara ikike maka akụkọ sayensụ iji katọọ America nke oge a n'enweghị nsogbu site n'ịgbanwe ihe omume gaa n'ụwa ma ọ bụ oge ọzọ. Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya maka magazin akụkọ sayensị, mana ọ gbanwere ogologo oge nke Defender's Bungleton Green strip ka ọ bụrụ akụkọ sayensụ na Green n'onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ dike. "Bung" e gburu, mee ka ọ dịghachi ndụ ma wughachi ya, oge na-aga nke mbụ ruo 1778 (iji gosipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme ihere nke ịgba ohu America), wee gaa Memphis na 2043, ebe ndị isi ojii na ndị ọcha wuru utopia na-adịghị ahụ anya, mana kọntinent ọhụrụ nke ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-emeso ndị ọcha ("chalkies") n'ụzọ na-egbu mgbu nke ndị na ndị na-agụ ojii Jackson maara nke afọ 1940.Carper, Steve. "Jay Jackson and The First Black Superhero-Part 1" The Chicago Defender January 7, 2021  (Ka ọ na-erule 1947, a ga-agbanwe mgbanwe a - ""ọ bụ nrọ" niile" - onye ọzọ na-ese ihe ga-eweghara ihe nkiri ahụ, na-eweghachi ya na mmalite ya nke Jackson leghaara anya.)  

 Mgbe Chicago gasịrị 
Jackson rụrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche: o nwere ihe ngosi peeji abụọ na Who's Who in Colored America, ma mee ihe osise maka Who'sWho na United Nations. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe osise maka otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ Telecomics (e nwere abụọ na-eji otu aha), ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ngosi eserese mbụ na telivishọn, n'ụzọ bụ isi ihe nnọchianya nke ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na ihuenyo, na onye na-akọ akụkọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na'olu na-ekwu okwu n'elu okpokoro, na naanị oge ụfọdụ nke obere animation. O mere postcard ụmụ agbọghọ mara mma maka onye na-ebipụta postcard Colourpicture nke Boston. O mepụtara ihe nkiri abụọ ọ tụrụ anya ire ndị syndicators, Girligags (usoro otu panel nke gosipụtara ụmụ agbọghọ mara mma na gags), na Home Folks, usoro ihe ọchị nke ndụ gbasara ndụ ndị Africa America nkịtị; mana ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla chọtara ahịa.

Jackson nwụrụ site na nkụchi obi na May 16, 1954. Nwunye ya di ya mere ka onye na-agbachitere ya bipụta mpempe akwụkwọ abụọ a na-ebipụtaghị, ma ree ha na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-acha oji, gụnyere Michigan Chronicle, Louisville Defender, Tri-State Defender na New York Age Defender.Carper, Steve. "The First Black Superhero... Finale" The Chicago Defender January 9, 2021

 Ọrụ 

 Bungleton Green na ndị agha omimi,; mmeghe site na Jeet Heer; New York: New York Review Books, 2022,     

 Edensibia