Nellie Mae Rowe

Nellie Mae Rowe (Julaị 4, 1900 - Ọktoba 18, 1982) [1] bụ onye omenkà America-Afrika si Fayette County, Georgia .  Ọ bụ ebe na a mara ya nke ọma taa maka ọrụ ya ndị mara mma na akwụkwọ, Rowe na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ndị na-ahụ ihe, na-ebe ihe ọrụ, collages, foto ndị na-enye, ụmụ bebi ndị a na  -akwa akwa, nrụnye ụlọ na gburugburu ebe ọkpụkpụ.  Ekwuru na ọ nwere "nghọta ebumpụta ụwa nke dị njikọ n'etiti agba na ụdị."  [2] Ọrụ ya na- , ụnya anya n'agbụrụ, okike, ezina , ike ifo ndị America-America, na omenala ime ike.

A Leicester Rowe ugbu a dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri America mkpa.  A na-arụ ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta, egwuregwu The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Morgan Library na Museum, American Folk Art Museum na New York City, Baltimore Museum of Art, Dallas Museum of Art, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia  , Milwaukee Art Museum na Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Museum of International Folk Art na Santa Fe, New Mexico, Smithsonian American Art Museum na Washington, DC, na onye ọrụ Schomburg maka ezumike na omenala.  ojii na New York City, na ndị dike ihe nkiri Studio na Harlem .

 Ndụ 
Amụrụ na Julaị 4, 1900, Rowe tolitere na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo nke Fayetteville, Georgia .  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ iri.  A pịa na ọ egwu ise ihe mgbe ọ ka dị obere.  [1] Ndị na-enwe nsogbu ego, ọ hapụkwara ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na klas nke anọ ka ya na nna ya, bụ́bu ohu, Sam Williams ọrụ n'ubi.  Na mgbakwunye na ijikwa ugbo ndị, nna ya ọrụ dị ka onye na-eji oji na akpa nkata.  nne ya, Luelle Swanson, bụ ọkaibe na-akwa akwa na onye na-agba mmiri.  [2] Nne Rowe igbochi ya nwa bebi, ihe ihe na obere ihe ọkpụkpụ osisi. 

Mgbe Rowe dị afọ 16, ọ gbapụrụ n'ugbo ahụ [1] n'ihi na ọ taaban na ọrụ ahụ bụ "na-egbu mgbu, akwụkwọghị na-ahụ mma na-ekiri ekiri."  [2] Rowe na-eme Ben Wheat ọ hapụụrụ akụkọ ugbo.  Di na ahụ ruo eruo na Fayetteville 1930, mgbe ha kwagara na Vinings, obere ime obodo n'ebe ugwu egwuregwu nke Atlanta.  Na Vinings, Rowe akụkọ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ.  N'afọ 1936, dị ọnwụ n'ihi ọrịa ọrịa obi .

Rowe zutere di ya nke abụọ, Henry 'Buddy' Rowe, onye agadi di ya nwụrụ na onye Vinings ibe ya na 1937. N'afọ 1939, di na nwunye ahụ wuru ụlọ ọnụ na Rowe kpọrọ ya "ụlọ egwuregwu."  Ọ dị na 2041 Paces Ferry Road. Mgbe Henry nwụrụ afọ itoolu ka e mesịrị, Rowe, onye dị iri anọ na asatọ, tinyere uche ya zuru ezu na nkà ya. Lee Kogan, The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 16.

N'ime awụ iri atọ sochirinụ, Rowe nnukwu nnukwu ọrụ dị iche iche.  N'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, e nkà ya na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi obodo na nke obodo.  Na Nọvemba 1981, achọ na ọ nwere otutu myeloma .  N'October 18, 1982, mgbe ọ nọsịrị izu ikpeazụ ya n' ọgwụ, Rowe gburu.  E liri ya n'ili Flat Rock AME dị na Fayetteville, Georgia. Lee Kogan The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 109.

 Ọrụ 
Oghere obibi Rowe - ụlọ ya na mbara ala - rụrụ ọrụ dị ka akwa akwa na nrụnye mbụ ya. N'ịbụ nke e ji ọtụtụ ihe chọọ ya mma site na ụmụ bebi na anụmanụ juru eju ruo bric-a-brac ezinụlọ, ụlọ ya pụtara dị ka ebe mgbanwe. N'ebe ahụ, ihe ndị e megharịrị na nke a tụfuru aghọọla ọrụ nkà. Iberibe osisi na ịta chịngọm ghọrọ nwa bebi na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ịchọ mma ụlọ ya mere ka ya na ndị obodo ya nwee esemokwu kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.  Ụfọdụ ndị obodo ga-emebi ma ọ bụ mebie ụlọ ya na ọrụ ya. William Arnett, "Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982): Inside the Perimeter" in Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art edited by Paul Arnett and William Arnett (Atlanta, Georgia: Tinwood Books, 2000), 297.

Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, mgbe ọ na-akọwa usoro nkà ya, Rowe kwuru, sị, "Amalitere m ime ya n'ụzọ gara aga, ozugbo di m nwụsịrị. Ọ nwụrụ na '48 na mgbe ahụ ndị mmadụ malitere ịmalite nke a, weta ụmụ bebi, na-ebute m ihe. Anaghị m ewere ihe ọ bụla, ị maara, were ihe ọ bụla mee ihe na ya." William Arnett, "Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982): Inside the Perimeter" in Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art edited by Paul Arnett and William Arnett (Atlanta, Georgia: Tinwood Books, 2000), 296.

N'ụzọ doro anya, Rowe kọwara ọnụ ụlọ ya nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ abụọ na mbara ala ya nke ọma dị ka "ụlọ egwuregwu." Ọ bụ ebe okike - maka egwuregwu. Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ sịrị "Egwuregwu na-atọ m ụtọ. Anaghị m agbalị idobe ụlọ ugbu a, m bụ naanị ụlọ egwuregwu. Enwetara m ụlọ egwuregwu m dị ka m lọghachiri nwa ọzọ." Maka Rowe, ọ bụ ebe a, n'ime ụlọ egwuregwu, ebe ike okike ya nwere ike ịmalite. 

Otu onye ọbịa, bụ onye mbụ hụrụ ụlọ Rowe na 1979, mechara cheta, sị, "Ọ bụ ebe obibi hodgepodge juru ebe niile nke ga-eme ka ọnụ gị daa. Onye ọ bụla site na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-ebubata obodo na-akwụsị ma na-ele anya, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe okike dị ịtụnanya." "RECORDINGS; An Artist Who Didn't Know She Was One", The New York Times, Tessa DeCarlo, January 3, 1999

A kwaturu ụlọ Rowe ma mesịa kwatuo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1982. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị ugbu a na saịtị ahụ. Ihe ncheta na-echeta ebe ụwa ọzọ nke egwuregwu na mmepụta nke kwụburu.

 Ihe osise na eserese 
Site na iji agba, oghere, na ụdị, Rowe ndị nwere echiche efu dị ka odida obodo na ụzọ na ụzọ ya.  Ọ bụ ebe na ọrụ mbụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'otu isiokwu, ọrụ emechara na- nọmba ihe ndị dị dị anya.  N'ịkọwa Rowe's "masterly" multifigured work from 1980 and 1981, Kogan na-ekwu na "ọnụọgụ n'ozuzu na-eme ihe ma na-abụ organically; oghere na-enweghị mma na-akpọ ụdị ndị ọzọ, na mgbe ọ lada  dịnụ na-eji ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi ma ọ bụ ihe omume mma ma ọ bụ abụọ Anya onye na-ekiri ya na-agba egwu n'ezie. gburugburu ihe ya n'ụzọ na-ekpo ọkụ, nke dị egwu.  " Lee Kogan, The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 26.

N'ime ọrụ ya niile na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Rowe chọrọ imegharị ihe nkiri site na ndụ ya kwa ụbọchị, ihe ncheta na nrọ ya. N'ịkwado "nlebara anya nha anya na ihe nkiri nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na echiche efu," o dere "ihe nkiri okike" na ihe nkiri, nke chọrọ ijikọta "ụbọchị ọ bụla na ihe dị egwu." Lee Kogan, The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 21.

Njikọ a nke ezigbo na echiche efu na-egosipụtakarị onwe ya n'ụdị Rowe. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emegharị ụdị mmadụ na anụmanụ n'oge ọrụ Rowe, ọ na-emepụtakarị "ọnụọgụ ngwakọ dị ka nkịta / mmadụ, ehi / nwanyị, nkịta nwere nku, na nru ububa / nnụnụ / nwanyị."  Ojiji mbụ Rowe jiri ohere na echiche na-ewusi ike echiche echiche na ọmarịcha àgwà nke ọrụ ya. N'ịbụ onye na-ezere mmachi dị adị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na-adịkarị ka ọ na-ese n'elu mbara.

N'ime ọrụ nwere ihe, ọ webatara ihe onyonyo nke abụọ, dị ka obe, ma ọ bụ ederede dabere na akwụkwọ.  Onye otu ọtụ Methodist nke Afrịka, Rowe bụ onye Kristian nke ike na ikerechi miri emi.  N'ofe ụfọdụ akwaaji ya, o dere, "Kwere na Chineke na Ọ Ga-eme Ka Gị dị anya" ma ọ bụ "Chineke Gozie Ndị M."  Ọ biri, “Ịse ihe bụ naanị ihe m chere na ọ dị mma nye Onyenwe anyị” [1] ma kwuo na ọ bụ Chineke nwere nkà nka ya.  [2] Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe ngosi nke "haints" ma ọ bụ ike n'ọdịnala ime ike ndị Africa na America sara mbara, bụ ndị nabatara nchebe nke voodoo. 

 Ihe ọkpụkpụ na foto 
Ihe ọkpụkpụ Rowe na-ụdị nwa bebi ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi na-agba agba, nke e ji sọks ochie mee ma ọ bụ chịngọm siri ike.  Rowe jiri uwe mara mma na wigs yarn na ugogbe anya ele ụmụ bebi ya ndị e ji sọks ochie mee.  [1] Maka ihe ndị ọrụ chịngọm ya, ọ na-egweri chịngọm n'ụdị dị nta, mee ka ha sie ike n'ime friza ya wee jiri na-Ma eleghị anya tee ha.

Foto Rowe gbanwere na-egosipụta ihe owuwu ya n'iji ọtụtụ usoro mgbasa ozi mepụta foto ọmịiko nke ezigbo ndị enyi na ezinụlọ. Site na agba agba ụfọdụ ihe ma ọ bụ ihe osise ma ọ bụ site n'ịgbakwụnye okirikiri, Rowe weghachiri ihe osise ojii na ọcha ọdịnala maka ebumnuche nka nke ya.

 nnabata 
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị agbata obi Rowe buru ụzọ leba anya na ngosipụta ihe okike Rowe na-enyo enyo, ka ọ na-erule 1970s 2041 Paces Ferry Road ghọrọ ihe ama ama na mpaghara. N’agbata Mee 27, 1973 na Machị 15, 1975, ihe karịrị narị mmadụ asatọ abanyela aka na ya “akwụkwọ ndị ọbịa.” source to be supplied

N'ịgbaso mgbanwe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị America, ụmụ akwụkwọ nkà na ndị na-anakọta ihe na 1980 abụghị nanị malitere ịhụ ndị na-ese ihe na ndị omenkà dị ndụ na mba ahụ, kamakwa malite ịchọ ha. N'ụzọ doro anya, na Nọvemba 9, 1974, Herbert Haide Hemphill Jr., onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka ihe osise na onye nchịkọta, kwuru mgbe ọ gachara ụlọ egwuregwu Rowe, "Lee oge magburu onwe ya!" Lee Kogan, The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 18.

N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọrụ nka Rowe ruru na nlebara anya mba na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ego. Ihe ngosi Atlanta Historical Society 1976, "Iberibe efu: Georgia Folk Art 1770-1976," akara mpụta mbụ Rowe. Ọ bụ ebe a ka Judith Alexander, bụ onye na-eto eto na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na onye nchịkọta, zutere Nellie Mae Rowe. Nzute ahụ nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide. Alexander nọchitere anya Rowe ma kwalite ihe osise ya na mba niile maka oge ndụ ya niile.

N'afọ 1978, mgbe Nexus Gallery tinyere akụkụ Rowe na "Viscera," ihe ngosi otu nke oge a na nkà ndị mmadụ, Alexander Gallery dị n'Atlanta malitere ihe ngosi nwanyị mbụ nke Rowe. N'afọ na-esote, Parsons/Dreyfus Gallery rịgoro ihe ngosi New York nke mbụ nke Rowe. 

N'ụzọ doro anya, na 1982, mgbe egosipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ veranda a ma ama na New Orleans ruo Chicago, ọrụ Rowe gụnyere na ihe ngosi 1982 akara ngosi "Black Folk Art in America, 1930-1980" na Corcoran Gallery of Art na Washington, DC.

Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọrụ Rowe na-aga n'ihu na-anụ anụ ihe ịga nke ọma.  Afọ abụrụ ka ọ nwụsịrị, ndị dike ihe ngosi nka Studio dị na Harlem sere "Nellie Mae Rowe: Onye Omenkà Ndị America."  Na 1989, Guerilla Girls, otu ndị na-ama ngosi aha nke ndị inyom, ndị na-ese ihe nkiri, ngosi Nellie Mae Rowe mara ọkwa nke Frida Kahlo, Edmonia Lewis, na Georgia O'Keeffe.  N'ikpeazụ, na 1999, American Folk Art Museum rịgoro "The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Iri ozi na-ejede na ụzọ na ọkara eme Lee Kogan, The Art of Nellie Mae Rowe: Ninety Nine and a Half Won’t Do (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998), 30.
Na 2014, The High Museum of Art na Atlanta, ihe "Nellie Mae Rowe: N' mmetụta Ihe na-amụkwute m."

 Ihe ngosi 

 Alexander Gallery, Atlanta, GA, 1978–1982.
 Parsons-Dreyfuss Gallery, New York, NY, 1979.
 Hammer & Hammer American Folk Art Gallery, Chicago, IL, 1982.
 Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, 1982.
 Ihe ngosi ụwa nke Knoxville, Folklife Pavilion, Knoxville, TN, 1982.
 Phoenix Art Gallery, Atlanta, GA, 1982.
 Ụmụ nwanyị Atlanta, Nexus Gallery, Atlanta, GA, Juun 25 - Ọgọst 8, 1982.
 Nellie Mae Rowe: Artist Ọhụụ, 1900-1982, Lamar Dodd Art Center, LaGrange College, LaGrange, GA, Jenụwarị 1983.
 Nellie Mae Rowe: Onye Omenkà Ndị Nnọchi America, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio nke Harlem, New York, NY, Ọktoba 12 - Disemba 28, 1986.
 Nellie Mae Rowe, Morris Museum of Art, Augusta, GA, 1996.
 Akpọrọ ka Mepụta: Ndị nka ojii nke South America, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Septemba 18, 2022 - Maachị 26, 2023. 

 Nkwuta okwu 
" Amaghị m ihe o debere m ebe a, ma ọ kpọtara m ebe a maka ihe 'n'ihi na anaghị m ese dị ka onye ọ bụla. Ị na-ekwu otu ụzọ, ma m na-abịa na-ekwu dị iche iche. Ị nwere ike ise a mule, nkịta, pusi, ma ọ bụ mmadụ, aga m adọta ya dị iche iche 'N'ihi na ị na-ahụ ihe dị iche. 

 Ntụaka 

 Isi mmalite 

 Nellie Mae Rowe, The American Folk Art Museum
 Lee Kogan na Nellie Mae Rowe, Art nke Nellie Mae Rowe: Iri itoolu na itoolu na ọkara agaghị eme (New York: Museum of American Folk Art, 1998)
 Karen Towers Klacsmann, Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982), New Georgia Encyclopedia
 Nellie Mae Rowe na Judith Alexander Foundation
 William Arnett, "Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982): Inside the Perimeter" na mkpụrụ obi toro miri emi: African American Vernacular Art deziri Paul Arnett na William Arnett (Atlanta, Georgia: Tinwood Books, 2000)
 Joyce Cohen, Nellie Mae Rowe nkuzi, Maachị 11, 2010 na High Museum.
 Erika Doss, "Nellie Mae Rowe (1900-1982)" na-abịa Home! : Ndị nka na-akụzi onwe ya, Akwụkwọ Nsọ, na South America nke Carol Crown deziri (Memphis, Tennessee: Art Museum of the University of Memphis: 2004)
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations