Muhammad Sadiq (onye na-ese foto)

Muhammad Sadiq Bey [notes 1] (1822 ma ọ bụ 1832 – 1902 [notes 2] ) bụ onye injinia ndị agha Ijipt na onye nyocha nke Ottoman jere ozi dịka onye nchekwa ego nke njem njem Hajj . Dị ka onye na-ese foto na onye edemede, o depụtara ebe nsọ nke Islam na Mecca na Medina, na-ese foto mbụ na ebe bụ Saudi Arabia ugbu a.

 Ndụ na ọrụ 
Amụrụ na Cairo, Sadiq gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji ndị agha Cairo na na Paris .  O tozuru oke dị ka onye ọchịagha n'ime ndị agha Ijipt  wee laghachi na kọleji ndị agha iji kuzie eserese eserese . 

Na 1861, e kenyere ya ka ọ gaa na mpaghara Arabia site na Medina ruo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Al Wajh wee mee nyocha zuru ezu. O were obere ìgwè na ụfọdụ ngwá ọrụ nyocha yana igwefoto nke ya; foto abụghị akụkụ nke ọrụ gọọmentị.  Ihe ndekọ ya banyere njem ahụ bụ akụkọ izizi ama ama gbasara ihu igwe na ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ.  Foto ya nke Medina bụ nke mbụ e sere ebe ahụ. N'afọ 1880, e kenyere ya ka ọ soro ndị njem njem Hajj si Egypt gaa Mecca dịka onye na-echekwa ego. Ọ bụ ya mere ụzọ nchekwa nke mahmal, onye njem emume na-enweghị ihe mkpofu, gaa Mecca.  Ọzọ, o wetara igwefoto, bụrụ onye mbụ na-ese foto Mecca, nnukwu ụlọ alakụba, Kaaba, na ogige ndị pilgrim na Mina na Arafat .  

Na 1870s e nyere ya aha Bey na afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị ọkwa dị elu nke Pasha . Ka ọ na-erule n'ọgwụgwụ ọrụ agha ya, ọ ruru ọkwa liwa, nke ya na Major-General. Ọ bụ obere oge gọvanọ nke obodo Arish nke Egypt mana ọ laghachiri na Cairo mgbe anwụ nwụsịrị. Ọ lụrụ di afọ iri atọ na anọ; nwunye ya nwụrụ ka ọ na-eso ya na njem na Medina na e liri ya.  

 Foto 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Kaaba, nke e sere na 1880
Sadiq ji igwefoto collodion mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, nke emepụtara na 1850s. Nke a na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị mma na efere iko mmiri, na-achọ ime ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị. Site na ihe ndị a na-adịghị mma o mere mbipụta albumen nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya ma ọ bụ, mgbe e mesịrị, stampụ. 

Ebe nsọ nke Mecca na Medina bụ saịtị kachasị nsọ nke Islam . Dịka akụkụ nke Hajj nke bụ otu n'ime ogidi ise nke Islam, ndị njem ala nsọ na-eme ememe na Mecca na saịtị ndị ọzọ dị nso.  Na njem njem ya site na 1861 ruo 1881, Sadiq sere foto ime na mpụta nke saịtị na ụzọ njem Hajj yana Medina. Na-ese foto Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (ụlọ alakụba onye amụma) na gburugburu ya na Medina na 11 Febrụwarị 1861, o kwuru n'akwụkwọ ndekọta ya na ọ nweghị onye esere foto dị otú ahụ mbụ. 

O ji mgbidi na elu ụlọ alakụba mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-ahụ anya weghara panoramas nke obodo ndị ahụ.  Ọ sere ndị mmadụ n'ime ebe nsọ ahụ foto. Ya na ndị njem Hajj na-ejegharị gburugburu Kaaba, o sere Shaykh 'Umar al-Shaibi, onye na-eche igodo Kaaba, na Sharif Shawkat Pasha, onye na-elekọta ụlọ alakụba nke onye amụma. 

Na 1876, foto ya nke Medina gosipụtara na ngosi Centennial na Philadelphia . O gosipụtara album nke foto iri na abụọ na 1881 International Conference of Geographers na Venice, na-emeri ihe nrite ọla edo. N'ihi ya, e bipụtara setịpụ a dị ka mkpokọta de Vues Photographiques de La Mecque et de Médine . 

A na-ejide foto ya taa site na nchịkọta gụnyere Khalili Collection of Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage,  Victoria na Albert Museum,  Reiss Engelhorn Museum,  na Harvard Fine Arts Library .  Onye nlekọta ahụ bụ Claude Sui na-akọwa ihe ndị Sadiq rụzuru na foto dị oke mkpa: "[T] n'ịdị mma nke foto ya bụ ihe akaebe nke nkà ya n'ọhịa a ma na-ekpughe ụkpụrụ ọkachamara na njikwa ya nke usoro collodion mmiri."  Foto ya na-egosipụta ma onye na-ese foto maara banyere mmekọrịta gbasara ohere  yana njikọ onye Alakụba ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe na mpaghara, ọdịbendị, na ndị mmadụ. 

 Mbipụta 
E mechara bipụta akụkọ banyere nleta Medina na 1861 na 1877 na Egypt Military Gazette na mgbe ahụ n'akwụkwọ, Summary of the Exploration of Wajh-Madinah Hijaz Route na Military Cadastral Map. 

Akwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere: 

 Nchịkọta de Vues Photographiques de La Mecque et de Médine, 1881. Nke a bụ foto nke ụlọ ọrụ Hajj nke iri na abụọ, gụnyere panorama anọ.
 Mash'al al-mahmal ("Ọwa nke Mahmal"), 1881.
 Kawkab al-hajj fi sayr al-mahmal bahran wa sayrihi barran ("Star of the Hajj along the Travels of the Mahmal by Sea and Land"), 1886.
 Dalil al-hajj li'l-warid nin Makkah wa al-Madinah ("Ntuziaka maka Hajj maka Ndị Na-abịarute na Makkah na Madinah site na ntụziaka ọ bụla"), 1896.

 Ntụaka 

 Njikọ mpụga 
Media related to Muhammad Sadiq (photographer) at Wikimedia Commons
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations