Donald Locke

Donald Cuthbert Locke (17 Septemba 1930 - 6 Disemba 2010) bụ onye omenkà Guyan nke mepụtara eserese, eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ n'ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na United Kingdom, ma rụọ ọrụ na Guyana na United Kingdom tupu ọ kwaga United States na 1979. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri abụọ ikpeazụ ya, ikekwe oge kachasị arụpụta na ihe ọhụrụ nke ndụ ya, na Atlanta, Georgia . [1] Ọkpara ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain bụ Hew Locke .

 Akụkọ ndụ 

 Ọmụmụ na agụmakwụkwọ nwata 
A mụrụ Donald Locke na 17 Septemba 1930 na Stewartville, Demerara County, Guyana.  Nna ya, nke a na-akpọ Donald Locke, bụ onye ọkwá nkà nke na-emepụta ngwá ụlọ na nne ya, Ivy Mae ( née Harper), bụ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Georgetown na 1938, ebe Locke gara Bourda Roman Catholic School wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgbakọ ọgbakọ Smith's Church.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Progressive, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1946. A nabatara ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Broad Street Government School, ebe ọ na-enwekwu mmasị n'ịse ihe. [4]

Na 1947 Locke gara klas nka ndị na-arụ ọrụ (WPAC) nke onye omenkà obodo Edward Rupert Burrowes kụziri na Georgetown. Nke a kpaliri ya iwere eserese. . Kaieteur News. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2021.</ref> A na-akpọkarị Burrowes "nna nke nkà Guyan". N'ịbụ onye na-ede banyere Burrowes na 1966 Guyana Independence Issue of New World, Locke na-akọwa otú o si etinye aka mgbe niile na "nyocha nkà na ụzụ", gụnyere ime ihe osise nke ya site na ihe ndị na-atụghị anya ya na ime nnwale "na balata, buckram, akwa akwa akwa, akpa osikapa, bitumen., kọnkịrị na ... ụrọ gwakọtara na molasses." [5]

 Guyana na United Kingdom 
Ịlaghachi na Georgetown na 1957, Locke malitere ịkụzi nka na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gọọmenti Dolphin na na WPAC. Na 1958 ọ lụrụ Leila Locke (née) Chaplin, onye nkuzi ya zutere na Corsham. Elfrieda Bissember, 60 Years of Women artists in Guyana 1928–1988 a Historical Perspective, Guyana Women Artists' Association, 1988. O nweghị ngwá ọrụ ọkpụite a na-ejikarị eme ihe, kama ọ na-eji ite ọkụ a hazigharịrị arụ ọrụ arụpụta ma gbaa nnukwu ite ájá ọkụ. Na 1959 gọọmentị Guyanese nyere ya onyinye ka ọ mụọ maka nzere masta na nka nka na Edinburgh College of Art, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Mahadum Edinburgh . N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere ndị na-ese ihe bụ Dave Cohen, Sheldon Kaganof na Dion Myers, bụ ndị webatara echiche nke California Clay Movement na Britain. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọrụ Locke gosipụtara mmetụta ha. [4]

Na 1962 Locke nwetara onyinye sitere na Mahadum Edinburgh iji gaa Florence na Ravenna, ebe ọ mere nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme Ọ dechara akwụkwọ akụkọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1964 wee laghachi na Georgetown iji nweta ọkwa Art Master na Queen's College, [4] ebe ọ kuziri ihe. malite na 1964 ruo 1970. [8] Ọ malitere eserese n'ihi enweghị akụrụngwa maka ite. Na 1969 ọ nwetara akwụkwọ ikike British Council nke nyere ya ohere ezumike na kọleji Queen wee laghachi na Edinburgh College of Art maka nyocha na usoro seramiiki. N'afọ 1970, mgbe ọ gachara njem na Brazil nke Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brazil kwadoro, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Queen's College wee kwaga London, bụ ebe ọ nwetara ọrụ nkuzi ceramik. Ọrụ ya malitere itinye ihe ndị dị ka ígwè, osisi, akpụkpọ anụ, ajị anụ na ceramik. [4] Ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù na-eto eto maka ọrụ seramiiki ya, na 1972 a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gosipụta na Victoria na Albert Museum na International Exhibition of Ceramics . [9]

 United States 
Locke gara United States na nke mbụ ya na 1976, dị ka onye omenkà ọbịa na Haystack Mountain School of Crafts na Montville, Maine . [4] Na 1999 e nyere ya Guggenheim Fellowship na Sculpture, na otu afọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na Mahadum State nke Arizona . [10] Nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla bụ nke Arizona Bronze Foundry tụbara ya na 1980. Ọ gbara Leila n'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, Claudette Earl, "Leila Elizabeth Locke – an appreciation", Chronicle Family Magazine, 19 April 1992. wee nweta ọkwa obibi na-adịgide adịgide na United States, lụrụ onye ndụmọdụ Art Brenda Stephenson na 1981. Na 1983 ọ kwagara Phoenix, Arizona . [4] Locke biri na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ United States afọ 11. N'ime oge a ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ Arizona maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Artspace, nke o dere ọtụtụ isiokwu. O dekwara akwụkwọ maka Phoenix New Times na maka magazin Arts . 

Na 1989 ọ gbahapụrụ ihe ọkpụkpụ nwa oge maka ịse ihe osise, na n'afọ sochirinụ kwagara Atlanta, Georgia.  Ihe osise ya jikọtara agba dị arọ, foto, akwa, osisi, igwe ma hụ ihe ndị etinyere na akwaaji. Na 1992, na onyinye afọ ise maka ụlọ ọrụ na Nexus Contemporary Art Center, ọ laghachiri na ọkpụkpụ. [4] Locke kụziri nwa oge na Georgia State University na Atlanta College of Art, na-ala ezumike nka nkuzi na 1996. [12] Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede banyere nkà. Ya mere nyocha nke Locke nke ihe ngosi Okiek Portraits nke foto ndị Okiek yi uwe ọdịnala pụtara na Creative Loafing nke November 1997. [13] O nyere ntụlegharị kwa izu n'akwụkwọ a ruo afọ atọ.  O biri na Atlanta maka oge ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ, na-eto eto site na ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na US na Europe. [10]

Onye na-apụ apụ, nwere àgwà mmesapụ aka, Locke nwere mmasị na-atọ ndị mmadụ ụtọ na nri abalị ebe ọ na-esi nri niile. Ọ na-enwe mmasị ikwu banyere nka, ma bụrụ onye na-ekwu okwu na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-adọrọ mmasị. [1] Akpọrọ ya "onye buru ibu karịa ndụ na onye na-akọ akụkọ mara mma, dị ka ọ na-enwe mmetụta na mkparịta ụka ya dị ka ọ na-eji nkà ya." [14]

Donald Locke nwụrụ n'ụlọ na Atlanta na 6 Disemba 2010. [15] Ọ mụrụ ụmụ atọ site n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na onye na-ese ihe Leila Locke: Corinne, Jonathan na Hew. [16] Hew Locke, amụrụ na Edinburgh, bụkwa onye na-ese ihe ama ama. [17]

 Ọrụ 
Ọrụ Locke dị nnọọ iche iche. Marianne Lambert, onye nlekọta na onye na-ahụ maka nka n'Atlanta, kwuru, sị: "Ngosipụta nkwuwapụta ya sitere na eserese ndị na-adịghị mma na-aga n'ihu na ahịrị dị ọcha nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ya." Dị ka Carl Hazlewood nke Newark si kwuo, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-akpakọrịta na NKA, bụ Journal of Contemporary African Art, "Nkà nke Donald toro site na omenala ndị Europe ọkaibe nwetara n'oge ọmụmụ ya na Guyana na Great Britain, ma ọ nyekwara ya na akụkọ ifo na uri akụkụ nke ala nna ya Guyana na akụkọ ifo ya." Onye na-ese ihe n'oge ndụ ya niile, Locke n'ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ ya nwere mmetụta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ batara na nke ya dị ka onye pụrụ iche na Atlanta n'okpuru mmetụta nke ndị nka obodo dịka Thornton Dial . [14]

N'ikwu okwu banyere mmetụta nke oghere savannah mepere emepe nke Guyana na ọrụ mbụ nke Locke, otu onye edemede kwuru na Locke "nwere nchegbu na ajụjụ nke oghere ka ọ na-eche onye na-ese ihe ihu: ihe a ga-eme n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla; otu esi eduga anya onye na-ekiri ya n'ime a. nnukwu mbara site na etiti dị warara nke otu eserese." [18] Na United Kingdom ọrụ ya kacha mara amara nwere ike ịbụ eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ dị na The Plantation Series, nke kọwara dị ka "ụdị ejidere na ahịrị siri ike na grids, jikọtara dị ka agbụ ma ọ bụ usoro mmanya, analogous o kwuru, ka usoro nke a na-edobe otu ìgwè mmadụ n'okpuru ọchịchị akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site n'aka ndị ọzọ."  Onye nyocha na-ekwu okwu banyere ọrụ ya Trophies of Empire 1, 1972-1974 kwuru na ọ "gụnyere ụdị ndị siri ike kwụsịrị nke na-emetụta omenala na ọdịdị ala ndị o nwetara. A na-edobe ụgbọ mmiri dị arọ, ụdị osisi siri ike na ihe ndị a chọtara. ọnụ na-eke ihere ụmụ mmadụ effigies ma ọ bụ ihe ịma aka abstract assemblages ha juru eju na mgbe ụfọdụ ime ihe ike ihe nnọchianya na-echetara iru uju na-echeta site n'oge gara aga na okwu metụtara ịgba ohu, njirimara na ọbụbụeze Ya bụ sombre oyiyi nke Black Atlantic ụwa. " [10]

 Ihe ngosi 
Locke bụ onye nnọchi anya Guyana na 12th São Paulo Art Biennial na 1971. [20] O gosipụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ ya abụọ sitere na Ritual Fertility Suite na Hungary na 1975 na International Biennale of Sculpture. Na 1976 o nwere ihe ngosi nke ya na Roundhouse na London, na 1977 ọrụ ya gosipụtara na Nigeria na FESTAC . E gosipụtara Trophies nke Alaeze Ukwu ya na ihe ngosi nka nke Afro-Caribbean na 1978, e gosikwara ya ọzọ na London's Hayward Gallery na 1989 na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ, [21] ihe ngosi nwere mmetụta nke nyere aka ịbawanye mmata ọha na eze banyere ogo ọrụ nke ọrụ. Ndị na-ese Eshia, Africa na Caribbean, ma gosipụtakwara ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Caribbean ndị ọzọ dị ka Aubrey Williams na Ronald Moody, yana ihe osise nke ndị na-ese Black British gụnyere Sonia Boyce . [22] Onye nkatọ nka bụ Brian Sewell kwuru na ihe ọkpụkpụ Locke dị na Akụkọ nke ọzọ gosiri ọmarịcha nkà na ọgụgụ isi pụrụ iche. [23]

Na 1994 Locke gara Ecuador, bụ ebe e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ngosi ngosi ugbu a na Cuenca Bienal of Painting, tinyere ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe gụnyere Whitfield Lovell, Philemona Williamson, Emilio Cruz na Freddy Rodríguez . [24] Ihe ngosi 2002 na Solomon Projects gallery dị n'Atlanta gosipụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ siri ike nke na-anọchi anya akara ngosi dị nsọ nke Locke's Guyanese creole heritage. [25] Na 2009 ihe ngosi nke ihe dị ka iri ise n'ime ihe osise ya na nso nso a aha ya bụ Pork Knocker Dreams ka e mere na England. " Porkknocker " bụ aha e nyere ndị na-atụ anya ọla edo na Guyana: Nna Locke nwere atụmanya dị ka nwa okorobịa. [20]

E gosipụtara Locke n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ na otu, gụnyere na São Paulo, Brazil; Medellín, Colombia; Budapest, Hungary; Faenza, Italy; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Victoria na Albert na Whitechapel Gallery na London, United Kingdom; Nottingham, United Kingdom; Ụlọ ọrụ Aljira maka nka oge a na Newark, New Jersey; Nexus Biennial na Master Artist Series, Atlanta, Georgia; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio na Harlem, New York. Ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ya gụnyere Nexus na City Gallery East na Atlanta na Museum of Contemporary Art, Tucson, Arizona. 

 Ihe ngosi Solo 
Ndepụta akụkụ nke ihe ngosi solo: 
Ụbọchị Obodo Ebe Aha / ndetu 1975 London (UK) Ụlọ ọrụ Commonwealth Mkpuchi DONALD 2002 Atlanta (GA) Solomon Projects Mkpuchi DONALD Eprel 4, 2003 Atlanta (GA) Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo East DONALD LOCKE: Ụzọ El Dorado: Afọ 12 na Atlanta Ọnwa Ise 8-2, 2004 New York (NY) Ụlọ ihe nkiri Skoto DONALD LOCKE: Eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ agwakọtara Eprel 15-7 Julaị 2004 Newark (NJ) Aljira, Center for Contemporary Art Na-ehulata grid: ọgbara ọhụrụ, njirimara na nkọwa na ọrụ nke DONALD LOCKE Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 16-22, 2008 New York (NY) Ụlọ ihe nkiri Skoto DONALD LOCKE: Master Works, Ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya 26 Septemba - Disemba 19, 2009 Nottingham (UK) Ọhụrụ Ngbanwe nka DONALD LOCKE: Nrọ anụ ezi Knocker

 Ihe ngosi otu 
Ndepụta akụkụ nke ihe ngosi otu: 
DateCityLocationTitle / Notes30 September – 30 October 1981PHOENIX (AZ)Arizona Bank GalleriaArtists of the Black Community of Arizona26 May – 19 August 1988PHOENIX (AZ)Phoenix Opportunities Industrialization CenterArtists of the Black Community/USA28 November 1989 – 4 February 1990LONDON (UK)Hayward GalleryThe Other Story: Afro-Asian Artists in Post-War BritainMay 1994NEW YORK (NY)Studio Museum in HarlemThe Studio Museum in Harlem: 25 Years of African-American Art1994ATLANTA (GA)Camille Love GalleryDimensions of Guyana22 March – 7 June 2003ATLANTA (GA)The Contemporary2003 Atlanta Biennial25 June – 25 July 2004ATLANTA (GA)City Gallery East.Atlanta Collects / Women10 September – 27 November 2004ATLANTA (GA)Museum of Contemporary Art of GeorgiaTransitions II7 June – 4 September 2005LONDON (UK)Whitechapel Art GalleryBack to Black: Art, Cinema, and the Racial Imaginary2006ATLANTA (GA)Spruill Center GalleryCHANGE: Work by Lucinda Bunnen, Annette Cone-Skelton, Donald Locke, Rocio Rodruguez18 February – 29 May 2009COLLEGE PARK (MD)David C. Driskell Center, University of MarylandTradition Redefined: The Larry and Brenda Thompson Collection of African American Art7 July – 6 August 2011NEW YORK (NY)Skoto GallerySummer Show13 August – 3 September 2011BROOKLYN (NY)FiveMylesContemporary Expressions: Art from the Guyana Diaspora

 Ntụaka 
Isi mmalite



 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ihe odide Stuart A. Rose, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Mahadum Emory: Akwụkwọ Donald Locke, 1953-2016
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations