Chiwara

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A Chiwara (nakwa Chi wara, Ci Wara, ma ọ bụ Tyi Wara ; Bambara  ; French  ) bụ ihe emume na- ማጣሪያ anya ele, nke ndị agha Bambara na Mali na-eji.  otu akụkụ nke Chiwara na-eji chiwara masks, yana egwu egwu na emume ndị amụma ọrụ ugbo, iji kuziere ụmụ nwoke Bamana omume omume mgbasa na eze yana usoro ọrụ ugbo.

 Ọdịiche nke Stylistic 
A na-ekewa ihe mkpuchi Chiwara n'ụzọ atọ: kwụ ọtọ, kwụ ọtọ, ma ọ bụ nke nkịtị.  Na mgbakwunye, Chiwara nwere ike ịbụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị.  A na-egosipụta ihe mkpuchi nwanyị Chiwara site na ọnụnọ nke nwa ele na mpi kwụ ọtọ.  Ihe mkpuchi nwoke Chiwara nwere mpi gbagoro agbagọ na phallus.  Mmekọahụ nke ihe mkpuchi Chiwara na-edo anya karịa na ihe mkpuchi kwụ ọtọ na nke kwụ ọtọ ebe ihe mkpuchi na-adịghị ahụkebe na-esiri ike ịhazi.

ụdị nke Chiwara na-adịgasị iche saịtị na mpaghara na oge emepụtara.  Ndị na-ese osisi ndị iro nke ọma jikwa ụdị ụdị mpagharaanabatara (ma ọ bụ nke ụmụ nyere iwu), na-etolite "mbinye aka" ma ọ bụ "akwụkwọ" dị iche iche nke ọnụ ọgụgụ Chiwara.  [1] Ọdịiche mpaghara ndị a ka ekenyela otu ụdị nke dị n'elu.  Ya mere , ụdị mpaghara Bougouni / Southern bụ nke ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche iche n'otu ọrụ ahụ, n'ụdị ụdị;  ụdị mpaghara Bamako / Northern na- ụdị kwụ ɔtɔ;  ụdị mpaghara Segu / Northern (ala obi nke nwa Ukwu Ukwu Bambara ) dabara na ụdị kwụpụta na fim iche nke “ebipụ” nke ụmụ nwoke.  Atụpụta ụdị mpaghara mpaghara ndị ọzọ, kpọọ ụdị Sikasso, nke nwere ụdị dị nro, dị nro, kwụpụta n'ime ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ, ihu na- Mgbanwe isi.

 Ojiji emume 
Na Bambara, chi wara anụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ, [1] ma ọ bụrụ na ihe i ji nke ndị ozi ifo Bambara gbasara okike nke ọrụ ugbo.

 Mousso Koroni 
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nsụgharị dị iche iche nke akụkọ ahụ, nchọpụta nke ọrụ ugbo ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ dike Chi Wara, ọkara anụ ọhịa, ọkara mmadụ, nke a mụrụ site na njikọ nke chi nwanyị ụwa Mousso Koroni na ụgbụgba ọkụ N'gorogo. Ndị Chi Wara bịara n'ụwa kụziere ụmụ mmadụ ka ha na-agha mkpụrụ, n'ihi ya, a na-asọpụrụ ma n'ememe ịgha mkpụrụ na nke owuwe ihe ubi.

 Ihe onyonyo nke Chi Wara 
A na-agụkarị Chi Wara n'onwe ya dị ka Roan Antelope nwere ihu mmadụ, ma na-ewerekwa ndị nke ihe ndị ọzọ e kere eke na akara nke ọrụ ugbo.  dike ahụ na-esi na chi elele nke mbara igwe rịdata, ma si otú a na- 55 anya esetịpụ, ahụ ya na-ese elongated na obere ụkwụ na-achọ anya aardvark nke na-abanye n'ime ụwa dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo.  .  Mpi ya dị elu na-ekwughachi okporo osisi millet, ọ na-esokwa n'elu onye na-agba nke kpuchiri ọnụ ọgụgụ raffia na-amị anya ma mmiri na-aputa pụta na owuwe ihe ubi mara.  Ụdị zigzag na-Ụdị ọmụmụ nke na-agafe na mbara igwe, naamụ nke nwoke ahụ guzoro n'ala ala, na-eme ka ụwa sie ike.  Mbụ Chi Wara na-eke mgbe niile dị ka nwoke / , na-alụlụ nke ụmụ mmadụ na ọkụ nke ụwa.  Nwanyị a na-ebukarị nwa-eto eto n'azụ ya, a na-ekwukwa na ọ nọchitere anya ụmụ mmadụ nke dike Chi Wara na-ebu, nakwa ụmụ mmadụ ọhụrụ bu nne n'azụ.

 chi wara ton 
Dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo nke ugwu Niger savanna, ngozi nke ọrụ ugbo bụ ihe dị mkpa na obodo Bambara.  Omenala ndị a na-adị ndụ n'otu aka n'ihi na Bambara bụ otu n'ime omenala ikpeazụ na mpaghara ahụ iji nabata Islam, mgbe ike nke ndị Ukwu Bambara na njedebe ọnwụ nke 19 nchebe.  Omenala Bambara enweela usoro dị iche iche na ndị otu ụdị ( ton / jo / jow ), na chi wara ton ọha mmadụ bụ otu n'ime ihe kacha mkpa.  Ọ na-achịkọta ụmụ nwoke niile toro eto nọ n'afọ Soli ka ha ọrụ n'ubi na mkpocha, ịgha mgbochi na owuwe ihe ubi, mgbe achọrọ kacha elu nke ndị ọrụ.  Ozizi ndị nke chi wara ton na-agafe nka dị mkpa maka ọrụ a, nke ndụ obodo dabere na ya

Chi wara ton bụkwa naanị nnukwu obodo Bambara nke gụnyere ma nwoke ma nwanyị. Ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị dị mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo, dịka a chọrọ ma nwoke ma nwanyị maka ịmụ nwa.

 Agba egwu 
A na-agba egwu Chi Wara mgbe niile na-etinye ihe oyiyi osisi ọ bụla n'ime nkata dị n'isi onye na-agba egwú, ma kpuchie ahụ ya na nnukwu ikpo raffia. Ọtụtụ mgbe ihu na-ekpuchi raffia nke a na-acha ma ọ bụ chọọ mma, onye na-agba egwú na-ebukwa ogologo mkpara. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-adị mgbe niile n'otu ụzọ nwoke ma ọ bụ karịa nwoke, nwanyị na-agbakarị egwu n'azụ nwoke ahụ, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma gbasaa ike ya n'ime obodo gbakọtara. Ihe oyiyi nwoke ahụ na-amali ka ọ nọchite anya ebili, wee jiri mkpanaka ma ọ bụ mpi kpụrụ ụwa ka Chi Wara na-akụziri ụmụ mmadụ ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ. N'obodo ụfọdụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ Mousso Koroni na-apụtakwa. Ụmụntakịrị eburu ụzọ na-eyi "Sogono Kuni" ("obere anụ isi"), nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. 

 Mmetụta ụwa 
Ụdị ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Africa ihe eji eji ejiji n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-anakọta Europe na ọganihu nke Chi afụ nke iri abụọ, na na-ahụ n'ụdị ya ndị ọzọ, isi otu n'ime akara ngosi nke  ihe ndị Europe hụrụ Art Primitive Art .  Onye na-ese ihe bụ Guillaume Apollinaire na onye nchịkọta Paul Guillaume ihe oyiyi nke Chiwara na Sculptures nègres ha na 1917, mgbe Picasso, Braque, na Les Fauves nwere ihe na ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe Africa n'ozuzu ya, na onye Chiwara  ụkwụ.Some examples of French studies of African sculpture among the artists, critics, and collectors of Modern Art include: À propos d'art nègre by Guillaume Apollinaire; Opinions sur l'art nègre with contributions by Braque, Matisse, and Picasso; Rencontre avec l'art nègre by Jean Laude; La Sculpture nègre et l'art moderne by Paul Guillaume; and L'art nègre by Henri Clouzot and André Level.

Virginia-Lee Webb. Art as Information: The African Portfolios of Charles Sheeler and Walker Evans. In African Arts, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jan., 1991), pp. 56-63+103-104.Agụnyere ihe oyiyi Chiwara kwụ ɔ, nke nwere ọkara na-egosighị ìhè na 1935 Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibit African Negro Art, na Masterpieces of African Art na Brooklyn Museum na 1954, (yana egosikwa na London [1] na Paris).  ihe ngosi nke nwere ike dị ukwuu nye ndị na-ese ihe na ahụ ike.  [2] Ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ike imecha triangular ya ka agbagoro n'etiti akpa afụ nke 20 nka Modernist, [3] na ndepụta ya ka bụ otu n'ime ụdị nka ndị Africa kacha amata.

 Ntụaka 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations