Terry Hirst

Terry Hirst (1932–2015), bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Britain-Kenyan na otu n'ime ndị isi na Africa mgbe nnwere onwe "afọ ọla edo" nke nka na mmụta sitere n'etiti 1960s ruo mmalite 1980 nke hụrụ ifuru ọrụ na 1980. nka, sinima na ụwa agụmakwụkwọ.  A mụrụ Terry Hirst na 1932 na Brighton na England. Na 1965, Hirst kwagara Kenya ebe ọ ga-anọ ndụ ya niile.

 Ndụ na mmalite ọrụ 
Terry Hirst tolitere na Brighton na ndịda England. Site na nwata Hirst maara na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe. Ọ na-ese ihe mgbe niile, kwa ụtụtụ ka ọ na-eme ka akwụkwọ ahụ na-agba ọsọ na agbata obi ya, ọ na-agụpụta ihe nkiri niile dị na akwụkwọ niile. Site n'afọ 1940 ruo 1950, ndị na-ese foto ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpụziri echiche na àgwà Hirst siri ike site n'ofe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gụnyere Low, Zec, Shepard, Illingworth, Lancaster, Cummings, Giles na Vicky. Terry Hirst: The Trailblazer Editorial Cartoonist And Comic Author, Msanii Kimani wa Wanjiru, The Nairobi Law Monthly, 01 August 2014. Ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bịarutere ya ịbụ onye na-ese foto. Ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe.</br> N'ime ndakpọ olileanya nke onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ya, Hirst jụrụ ohere ịga Mahadum Oxford wee họrọ kama ịmalite usoro mmụta ọmarịcha nka na Brighton College of Art. Terry Hirst: The grandfather of local cartoonists, Joyce Nyairo, The Daily Nation, 04 October 2013. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'oge na-adịghị anya, a họpụtara ya onye isi ngalaba nka n'otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị kacha na Nottingham.</br> Mgbe ọ na-akụzi ihe na Nottingham, Hirst sụrụ ngọngọ na mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ndị nkuzi nka dị njikere ịkụzi n'Africa. Nhọrọ dị n'etiti Ghana na Kenya. N'ịbụ onye nwere mmetụta nke ime ihe na-akpali akpali, Hirst hapụrụ England na 1965 iji nweta ọkwa nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Kenya dị na Nairobi. Otu n'ime ihe mere o ji were ọkwá ahụ na Kenya, ka Hirst na-ekwu, bụ n'ihi onye ọbịa na-alọta, bụ́ onye gwara ya banyere "oge jọgburu onwe ya" o nwere na Kenya. O nyela Hirst otu akwụkwọ Jomo Kenyatta chere ihu n'Ugwu Kenya iji gosi ya ihe ọ na-emebu, ma mgbe Hirst gụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ sịrị na ọ "gbara m obi...! na enweghị m ike ịgwa ya na m hụrụ ya n'anya!"</br> Mkpebi Hirst ịga Kenya kama ịga Ghana nwekwara mmetụta bụ na nkwekọrịta ndị Kenya bụ afọ abụọ ebe nkwekọrịta Ghana kwuru na ọ ga-abụ afọ ise. Nye Hirst, afọ ise dị ka ọ dị ogologo. 

 Hirst dị ka onye nkuzi 
Na Kenya High School Hirst ngwa ngwa gara n'ihu ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nka ọhụrụ, ya na Peter Kareithi, onye nyocha nke Art na Ministry of Education, o nyeere aka ịmepụta "ụdị ọhụrụ nke mmụta ihe okike." Kenya chọrọ ka ndị nkuzi nka zụrụ azụ nke ọma maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-agbasawanye yana ụdị Britain afọ ise dị ka “ihe efu” n'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ. Hirst nyere aka iwebata nkuzi afọ abụọ na-agbasi mbọ ike na ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ihe ndị dị mkpa na ngwa, echiche na usoro. Terry Hirst: The Trailblazer Editorial Cartoonist And Comic Author, Msanii Kimani wa Wanjiru, The Nairobi Law Monthly, 01 August 2014.</br> Hirst bụkwa onye nkuzi nwa oge na Mahadum Nairobi wee soro Gregory Maloba na-arụkọ ọrụ, otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ole na ole zụrụ azụ na Kenya n'oge ahụ, o butere ụzọ iwebata usoro mmụta nka afọ atọ B.Ed. Usoro ọhụrụ ahụ gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na ọgbọ mbụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ịrụ ọrụ pụtara ìhè nke e gosipụtara na magazin Africa Arts ekesa na mba ụwa.  N'afọ 1966, gọọmentị Kenya kpọrọ Hirst ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọzụzụ nkuzi nka na kọleji mahadum Kenyatta. N'ebe ahụ, ya na Maloba ọzọ, o nyere aka guzobe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nkà Ọma. Hirst however notes that the new art teacher training course he introduced at Kenyatta College was bitterly criticized by Sam Ntiro at Makerere and even Hirst's erstwhile ally Maloba at Nairobi University. They thought the new course had departed too radically from the British art school model that they had enjoyed and favoured and which Hirst describes as a "farce... training people to be artists, and then expecting them only to teach, whether they have a vocation or not." Hirst's course was quickly abandoned after he left. (See reference 3 below). E wezụga ọrụ nkuzi ya, Hirst na-arụsikwa ọrụ ike n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ihe ngosi nka. Ọ ghọrọ onye ntọala nke Paa Ya Paa Art Gallery ebe o zutere "ụfọdụ n'ime echiche ndị kachasị ike nke ọgbọ 'nnwere onwe'." O mechara nye ihe ngosi ihe osise abụọ nke otu nwoke na Paa Ya Paa Gallery nke ha abụọ rere ere. 

 Afọ "Joe". 
Hirst amalitelarị ịbịaru dị ka onye na-ese foto na-akwụghị ụgwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Nation, mgbe Hillary Ng'weno kpọrọ ya ka ọ kọwaa kọlụm satirical Monday ya mgbe niile "Na-emetụ ọkụ." Na 1973, afọ abụọ ka ọ malitesịrị mmekorita ya na Ng'weno, a mụrụ echiche maka magazin satirical nke dabeere na otu n'ime ihe odide na kọlụm Ng'weno.</br> Hirst na Ng'weno lere Joe anya dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ga-egosipụta njakịrị eserese, ihe nkiri ọchị na akụkọ mkpirisi site n'aka ndị odee obodo. Omume ahụ, Joe, Hirst na-akọwa, bụ "onye lanarịrịnụ nke ga-achị ọchị ka ọ ghara ịkwa ákwá." Ebumnuche nke magazin ahụ n'onwe ya "bụ ikwu okwu banyere akụkọ na ịmekọrịta ndị mmadụ ka ha bụrụ obodo mepere emepe ... iji wulite ọtụtụ mmekọrịta ... enyi na enyi ma ọ bụghị itinye aka na mmetụta uche." Terry Hirst: The grandfather of local cartoonists, Joyce Nyairo, The Daily Nation, 04 October 2013. Iji nyere aka mee ka Joe bụrụ eziokwu, Jonathan Kariara nke Oxford University Press nyere Hirst na Ng'weno "otu ọnụ ụlọ, tebụl na oche abụọ" ka ha nwee ike ịmalite ọrụ na magazin ahụ.  Mgbe mbipụta mbụ nke Joe pụtara na 1973 ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma ozugbo, na magazin ahụ wulitere mgbasa ozi ngwa ngwa n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ.Otú ọ dị, mgbe otu afọ gachara, Ng'weno hapụrụ ịmalite "Nyocha kwa izu," magazin nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Joe gara n'ihu na-etowanye nke ọma n'ihi mgbasa ozi egwu egwu dịka Edward Gitau's "City Life" na Hirst's "The Good, Bad, and The Ugali." Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi sitere n'aka ndị edemede dị ka David Maillu, Meja Mwangi, Leonard Kibera na ọbụna Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, bụ ndị a ma ama na Kenya, nyekwara aka na mgbasa ozi na-ewu ewu.</br> Na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya kacha elu, mgbasa ozi Joe ruru puku iri atọ na-aga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Africa. Ma nke ahụ bụ otú ahụ, otu ụtụtụ, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs Joe, Hirst lere anya ịhụ otu nwa okorobịa Frank Odoi, nke si Ghana bịa ọhụrụ, na-eji okwu ndị a na-ada ụda na ya, "Anọ m ebe a. esi m Ghana bịa. sonyere gị." Hirst na nwunye ya, Nereas N'gendo (bụ onye hapụrụ Oxford University Press ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Joe), ga-agba akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ afọ iri na-esote. E wezụga ọrụ ya na Joe, Hirst na-emekwa katuun nchịkọta akụkọ maka Daily Nation gụnyere Hirst na-ewu ewu na Friday na Hirst na Sunday cartoons. N'agbanyeghị mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eto eto, Hirst na-ewere afọ ndị ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee obi ụtọ, na-emepụta ihe na ndụ ya. Ọ nwere mmetụta nke nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe, nwee ike ime ihe ọ chọrọ "site na mkpa dị n'ime" karịa mkpa ego na ọ nwere ike "ịdepụta na ikwu okwu n'ihe ọ bụla, na-agba ndị ọzọ ume ime otu ihe ahụ." Terry Hirst: The Trailblazer Editorial Cartoonist And Comic Author, Msanii Kimani wa Wanjiru, The Nairobi Law Monthly, 01 August 2014. N'ụzọ dị mwute, n'ihi ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arịwanye elu na Kenya, ụbọchị halcyon enweghị ike ịdịgide.

 Afọ "Pichadithi" 
N'afọ 1982, otu ìgwè ndị agha nwara imegide Onye isi ala, Daniel arap Moi . N'ime mgbagha nke mgbagha ọchịchị, gburugburu ebe obibi mgbasa ozi bịara bụrụ nke ukwuu. Joe mechiri ụzọ ya, a manyere Hirst n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese foto na Daily Nation na nhọpụta ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum Kenyatta University College emebeghị ka ọ dị ọhụrụ. Ọ dara n'oké ịda mbà n'obi.

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