Masquerade na omenala Mende

Mkpuchi ihu ọha na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ndụ ndị Mende - otu n'ime ihe abụọ kasị ukwuu na Sierra Leone

 Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Art Ruth Phillips na-ede na Mende masquerades "bụ ụzọ isi na-emekọrịta ihe n'etiti ọha mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ ndị bụ isi na ndụ ọha mmadụ Mende. Site na ịme ihe nkiri, a na-eme ka ọha na eze mara ihe ndị dị mkpa nke na-eme na ngalaba nzuzo ma bụrụ nke dị mkpa.  enyere aka ịgba akaebe na ikere òkè n'ememe ndị na-agbanwe ọnọdụ nke ndị ikwu na ndị enyi na-eme ka a na-ahụ anya ọgwụ ndị dị ike (Mende: haleisa, sing. hale) nke ndị a sodalities na-enweghị imebi ihe omimi ha dị mkpa  ọgwụ na elicit ritualized mmegharị ahụ nke nkwanye ùgwù na ụtụ si ekiri ekiri N'otu oge ahụ sonyere na ndị na-ege ntị mmasị n'ime a nkịtị gburugburu nke arụmọrụ, aesthetically elu site nkiri, egwu na ịgba egwu.

Mende na-mpụta biri a na-ahụ anya na-egosi nke onye nkpuchi ọ kpuchi n'ihe ngosi ọkọlọtọ nke masquerades .   A na-edozi oge maka masquerade ọ mgba dị ka kalenda nke emee na ihe omume ụwa si dị kwa afọ na, n'ime otu ememe, a na-eji nhazi usoro masquerades.

 Hale 
Hale, nke egwuregwu "ọgwụ," ekwenyere na ọ bụ ihe mmetụta a na-ahụ n'okike nke nwere ihe dị ike nke ndị isi nke òtù Mende mara otú e si eme ihe.  Ndị a "otu ọgwụ" bụ ndị Poro ọha mmadụ, na ụmụ nwoke Sande ọha mmadụ, na hale see ike na-ezo aka na ndị a.

Ndị na-ekpuchi otu ọgwụ na-ejikọta mmụọ ( ngafa ) yana ike jikọtara ya na hale ; Mende na-ezo aka na maskers site na usoro abụọ a. Phillips, Ruth B. (1995). Representing woman : Sande masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 0930741447. Ọkọlọtọ nke Mende maskers gụnyere ihe dị ka mmadụ iri na abụọ na-etinye mmụọ nke ogo dị iche iche nke ike na mkpa. The goboi na  nke otu Poro, sowei nke otu Sande, na  na humoi maskers bụ nke otu ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ a ma ama.

 Ụdị maskers na masquerade 
Ndị na-ekpuchi ihe mkpuchi nke Sande na Poro societies bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ịkwado iwu ma bụrụ ihe nnọchianya dị mkpa na ememe mmalite na n'ememe ọha na eze na-egosi akara ngosi na olili ozu nke ndị isi na ndị isi obodo. Otu ọzọ nke maskers, gụnyere nwoke gongoli na nwanyi gonde na samawa, bụ ihe oyiyi nke na-eme ihe ngosi na ihe ọchị, satire na parody. Ihe mkpuchi ndị a abụghị eziokwu haleisia ,

 Gboni 
A na-ahụta gbini dị ka onye kachasị ike n'ime ihe mkpuchi Mende niile. Gbini pụtara n'ememe ikpeazụ nke "ịdọrọ" mmalite nke Poro maka nwa nwoke nke onye isi na kwa na nchichi nke olili ozu nke onye isi. N'ihi ike ya, ụmụ nwanyị ga-eguzorịrị n'ebe dị anya site na  ma ọ bụrụ na nwanyị emetụ ya aka na mberede, a ga-ete ya mmanụ ozugbo.

Phillips, Ruth B. (1995). Representing woman : Sande masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 0930741447.Gbini na-eyi akwa agụ owuru nke na-egosi egwu ya na onye isi kacha mkpa.  Isi ihe dị iche, gbara yiri okpueze onye isi.  A na-eji anụmanụ anụmanụ gbatịpụrụ n'elu achara ihe a na-ahụ anya.  A na-eji shei cowrie na akwa ojii, na-acha ọcha na nke na-acha uhie uhie uhie ya mma nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị geometric.  N'etiti bụ mirror gburugburu.  Ọtụtụ flaps ndị a na-achọ mma n'otu aka ahụ na-esi n'ala ala isi ihe machie akwa raffia nke na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ n'ime anụ ahụ onye nwe ya.
Obodo Sande bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka na West Africa.  [1] Masquerades Sande sowei na- egwu ma na-ekiri anya ihe oyiyi ụmụ n'ememe dị iche iche na mmemme mmemme.

. Ememe nke ọha Sande bụ naanị oge n'Africa nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-achọ.  Ihe osisi a na-eyi n'oge emume nsogbu ndị a, dị ka olili ozu ma ọ bụ nrụnye nke ndị isi, bụ nke a na-akpọ sowo ( abụ . Ihe ndị na-adịghị agwụ nke sowei bụ ụdị okpu agha.  , oji na-Ma eleghị anya, ntutu isi isi nke ọma, anya dara ada, ọnụ mechiri emechi nke ime uche  isi mara mma na-ụkwa mkpa ndị mmadụ na ibe ya dị, ebe ọ bụ na-ahịhịa isi nke ndị enyi ya iji yiwe ntutu isi ya.

Ndị Mende na-asọpụrụ ndị na-ese ihe mkpuchi sowei, bụ ndị na-abụkarị ụmụ nwoke, na aha Sowo Gande . Dị ka Philips si kwuo, Sowo Gande na-egosipụta omume ọma site na "nchịkọta mmeri nke ụdị ọhụrụ bụ nke a pụrụ ịmata ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ochie." Phillips, Ruth B. (1995). Representing woman : Sande masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 0930741447.

Dị ka Mende si kwuo, hojo - ụrọ ọcha ma ọ bụ kaolin - na- echiche anya echiche nke ọha mmadụ Sande.  [1] N'ụzọ ihe atụ, ọ na--ama nyere nnukwu ike Sande, dị ka akara ọcha na akara ike.  Ndị otu Sande na-amachi ihe na ndị mmadụ nwere hojo iji gosi na ha nọ n'okpuru ụkpụrụ na mkpa Sande ma n'okpuru ikike zuru oke nke iwu Sande na mgbasa.  N'ememe Sande, a na-atụba ọcha nke hojo na uwe ndị ọrụ Sande na-eyi n'ụzọ dị otú na isi ojii nke ihe ọhụrụ sowei.

Boone, Sylvia Ardyn; Busselle, Rebecca (1986). Radiance from the waters : ideals of feminine beauty in Mende art. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300035764.Onye kacha mkpa sowei masquerade bụ ndoli jowei , "Ọkachamara n'ịgba egwu, " 5 na-agba egwu n'ihe gbasara n'ihu ọha ma na- ụmụ anụmanụ nọ n'ogige ịgba egwu.

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmalite n'ime obodo Sande bụ iwere aha ọhụrụ, nke nwa agbọghọ ahụ n'onwe ya na-ahọrọkarị. Phillips, Ruth B. (1995). Representing woman : Sande masquerades of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 0930741447.

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Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations