Romare Bearden

Romare Bearden (//'rOʊməriː//, ROH-mə-ree) (September 2, 1911 - March 12, 1988) bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye edemede, na onye na-ede egwu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụdị mgbasa ozi gụnyere eserese, mmanụ, na collages. A mụrụ ya na Charlotte, North Carolina, Bearden tolitere na New York City na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum New York na 1935.

Ọ malitere ọrụ nka ya na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke South America. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji gosipụta ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ ọ chere na ọ dịghị n'ụwa mgbe ahụmịhe ya na US Army n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ n'ihu Europe. Ọ laghachiri Paris na 1950 wee mụọ akụkọ nka na nkà ihe ọmụma na Sorbonne.

Ọrụ mbụ Bearden lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị n'otu na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ime obodo ndị Africa America. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị n'ime afọ 1950 mgbe ọ na-ese ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ, isiokwu ahụ pụtara ọzọ na ọrụ ya nke afọ 1960. The New York Times kọwara Bearden dị ka "onye na-ede akwụkwọ kacha mma na mba ahụ" n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ọnwụ ya na 1988.Fraser, C. Gerald. Romare Bearden, Collagist and Painter, Dies at 75. The New York Times. March 13, 1988. Bearden ghọrọ onye guzobere otu nka nke Harlem nke a maara dị ka Spiral, nke e guzobere iji kwurịta ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'Africa na America na-eme ihe gbasara ikike obodo.

Bearden bụ onye dere ma ọ bụ onye so dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede egwu, nke a maara dị ka onye na-edebanye aha jazz classic "Sea Breeze", nke Billy Eckstine, onye bụbu nwa klas ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Peabody High School, na Dizzy Gillespie dekọrọ. Ọ na-akwado ndị na-eto eto, ndị na-ese ihe na-apụta ma ya na nwunye ya guzobere Bearden Foundation iji gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ a, yana ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta na-etolite. N'afọ 1987, e nyere Bearden National Medal of Arts.

Bearden was born September 2, 1911, in Charlotte. Bearden and his family moved to New York City when he was a toddler, as part of the Great Migration. After enrolling in P.S. 5 in 1917, on 141 Street and Edgecombe Avenue in Harlem, he attended P.S. 139 and then DeWitt Clinton High School. In 1927 he moved to East Liberty, Pittsburgh with his grandparents and then returned to New York City. The Bearden household soon became a meeting place for major figures of the Harlem Renaissance. His father, Howard Bearden, was a pianist. Romare's mother, Bessye Bearden, played an active role with the New York City Board of Education, and also was the founder and president of the Colored Women's Democratic League. She was a New York correspondent for The Chicago Defender, an African-American newspaper. Romare had Cherokee, Italian, and African ancestry. The Washington Post described him as "African American." His fair skin allowed him to cross boundaries which many other Black people were unable to access.

Na 1929, Romare Bearden gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Peabody High School na Pittsburgh. Ọ debara aha ya na Mahadum Lincoln, kọleji ojii nke abụọ kachasị ochie na mba ahụ, nke e hiwere na 1854. Ọ gara Mahadum Boston ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nka maka Beanpot, magazin ọchị ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Mahadumoston. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum New York (NYU), ebe ọ malitere ilekwasị anya na nka ya na obere egwuregwu, wee bụrụ onye isi na-ese ihe nkiri na onye nchịkọta nka maka The Medley, akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ọnwa nke Eucleian Society nzuzo na NYU.Romare Bearden Foundation, 1990 Bearden gụrụ nka, agụmakwụkwọ, sayensị, na mgbakọ na mwepụ wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na sayensị na agụmakwụkwọ na 1935.

Dị ka nwatakịrị, Bearden na-egwu baseball n'ebe tọgbọrọ n'efu n'ógbè ya. Ọ na-enwe mmasị n'egwuregwu, na-atụfu discus maka otu egwuregwu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya ma na-anwa ịgba bọọlụ. Mgbe nne ya ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ New York maka Chicago Defender, o dere ụfọdụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere ụfọdụ akụkọ gbasara baseball. Mana ozugbo Bearden si na Mahadum Lincoln gaa Mahadum Boston, ọ ghọrọ onye na-amalite fullback maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụlọ akwụkwọ (1931-2) wee malite ịgba ọsọ - nke mbụ maka otu ọhụrụ na n'ikpeazụ maka otu egwuregwu baseball nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. E nyere ya asambodo nke uru maka ịgba ọsọ ya na BU, nke o ji mpako kwụnye n'ụlọ ndị ọzọ n'oge ndụ ya niile.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Boston, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Boston Tigers, otu ndị ọkachamara, ndị Black niile nọ na mpaghara Roxbury. Ọ na-esokarị ha na-egwuri egwu n'oge egwuregwu baseball nke BU ma nwee ohere igwu egwu na Negro League na ndị ọcha baseball. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ gbara Satchel Paige bọọlụ mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Pittsburgh Crawfords n'oge ọkọchị,  ma gbaa egwuregwu ngosi megide ndị otu dị ka House of David na Kansas City Monarchs.  Mgbe onye na-ejide Philadelphia Athletics, Mickey Cochrane, wetara ọtụtụ ndị otu egwuregwu ka ha lụọ egwuregwu megide BU, Bearden nyere naanị otu ihe - na-amasị onye nwe Athletics bụ Connie Mack.[2] Mack nyere Bearden ọnọdụ na Athletics afọ iri na ise tupu Jackie Robinson aghọọ onye isi ojii mbụ na nnukwu egwuregwu baseball. E nwere isi mmalite na-emegiderịta onwe ha ma Mack chere na Bearden bụ onye ọcha  ma ọ bụ gwara Bearden na ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye ọcha.   N'agbanyeghị na Athletics meriri World Series na 1929 na 1930, na American League pennant na 1931,  Bearden kpebiri na ọ chọghị izochi njirimara ya wee họrọ ịghara igwu egwu maka Athletics. [5] Mgbe oge okpomọkụ abụọ ya na Boston Tigers gasịrị, mmerụ ahụ mere ka ọ tụgharịa uche nlebara anya ọ na-enye baseball ma tinye uche ya n'ọrụ ya, kama.

TN'afọ 1954, mgbe ọ dị afọ 42, Bearden lụrụ Nanette Rohan, onye na-agba egwú dị afọ 27 si Staten Island, New York. O mechara bụrụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkatọ. Di na nwunye ahụ mechara mepụta Bearden Foundation iji nyere ndị na-eto eto aka.

Bearden nwụrụ na New York City na Machị 12, 1988, n'ihi nsogbu sitere na Ọrịa kansa ọkpụkpụ. The New York Times kọwara Bearden n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ọnwụ ya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị omenkà America a ma ama" na "onye na-ese ihe na mba ahụ". Fraser, C. Gerald. Romare Bearden, Collagist and Painter, Dies at 75. The New York Times. March 13, 1988.

 Ọrụ ndị mbụ 
Ọrụ mbụ ya na-egosi mkpa ịdị n'otu na imekọ ihe ọnụ nke Ndị Africa America. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Nleta ahụ na-egosi mkpa mmekọrịta nke obodo ndị isi ojii site n'igosi mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụọ na-ejide aka. Eziokwu nke Bearden gosipụtara n'ọrụ ahụ na-eme ka Nleta ahụ dị ịrịba ama; ọ na-akọwa mmadụ abụọ na Nleta ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma ọ naghị agbaso eziokwu dị ọcha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma na-agbagọ ma na-emebiga akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ahụ ha ókè iji "gosipụta mmetụta ma ọ bụ àgwà nke uche. " Mercer, Kobena. "Romare Bearden, 1964; Collage as Kunstwollen." Cosmopolitan Modernisms. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 2005. 124–45. na-ese ihe Negro [...] ekwesịghị inwe afọ ojuju na idekọ naanị ihe nkiri dị ka igwe. "Ọ ga-eji obi niile banye n'ọnọdụ ọ chọrọ igosi. "

 Ntinye aka 

Bearden lụrụ ọgụ n'akụkụ abụọ nke onwe ya: nzụlite ya dị ka "nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ na ọdịnala nka, na ịbụ mmadụ ojii na-agụnye ezigbo ahụmịhe, ihe atụ na nke doro anya," Witkovsky 1989: 266 nke na-alụ ọgụ na etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ "nchọgharị nke abstraction". Witkovsky 1989: 267 Nkụda mmụọ ya na abstraction meriri, ka ya onwe ya kọwara ihe osise ya dị ka ịbịaru n'elu ala. Bearden wee tụgharịa na usoro dị iche iche n'oge dị ezigbo mkpa maka mba ahụ.

N'usoro a, otu n'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ Baptizim. [./Francisco_de_Zur<i id= Baptizim="mwAWo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán] nwere mmetụta na Bearden, ma dabere Baptism na ihe osise Zurbarán The Virgin Protectress of the Carthusians. Bearden chọrọ igosi etu mmiri a na-achọ ịwụsa n'elu onye a na-eme baptizim si agagharị mgbe niile, na-enye ihe niile na-emetụta mmetụta na mmetụta nke oge. Ọ chọrọ igosipụta etu ikike ndị Africa America si agbanwe mgbe niile, na ọha mmadụ n'onwe ya nọ na mgbanwe oge n'oge ahụ. Bearden chọrọ igosi na ọ dịghị ihe a na-edozi, ma gosipụta echiche a n'ime onyinyo ahụ: ọ bụghị naanị na isiokwu ahụ ga-esi n'elu wụba mmiri, kamakwa isiokwu ahụ ga na-abanye na mmiri. Akụkụ ọ bụla nke collage na-agagharị ma ọ gaghị abụ otu ihe karịa otu ugboro, nke kwekọrọ na ọha mmadụ n'oge ahụ.

Tupu ọnwụ ya, Bearden kwuru na iberibe collage nyeere ya aka iwebata ihe gara aga n'ime ugbu a: "Mgbe m na-echeta ihe ndị a, ha bụ nke ugbu a nye m, n'ihi na n'ezie, onye na-ese ihe bụ ụdị onye na-eme anwansi n'oge. "Ulaby, Neda. "The Art of Romare Bearden: Collages Fuse Essence of Old Harlem, American South", NPR. 14 September 2003.

The Return of Odysseus, otu n'ime ọrụ collage ya nke Art Institute of Chicago, na-egosipụta mgbalị Bearden na-anọchite anya ikike ndị Africa na America n'ụdị collage. Collage a na-akọwa otu n'ime ihe nkiri dị na Odyssey nke Homer, ebe dike Odysseus na-alọta n'ụlọ site na ogologo njem ya. Onye na-ekiri ya bụ onye isi, Odysseus, nke dị n'etiti ọrụ ahụ ma na-emetụ nwunye ya aka. Ọnụ ọgụgụ niile bụ oji, na-eme ka akụkọ ifo ndị Gris bukwuo ibu. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ụzọ Bearden si arụ ọrụ iji nọchite anya ikike ndị Africa na America; site na iji ndị isi ojii dochie ndị ọcha, ọ na-anwa imeri ike nke ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na stereotypes ma meghee ohere na ikike nke ndị isi ojii. "Bearden nwere ike ịhụ Odysseus dị ka ihe nlereanya siri ike maka ndị Afrịka-Amerịka, nke tachiri obi na ihe isi ike na ihe ndọghachi azụ nke ya. " Gerber, Sanet. "Return of Odysseus by Romare Bearden." Welcome to DiscountASP.NET Web Hosting. GerberWebWork, n.d. Web. March 3, 2012. Site n'igosi Odysseos dị ka onye ojii, Bearden na-eme ka ikike nke ndị na-ege ntị ojii nwee ọmịiko.

 Egwú 
N'afọ 1960, Loften Mitchell wepụtara egwuregwu atọ, Star of the Morning, nke o dere edemede na egwu, Bearden na Clyde Fox dere okwu ya.Library of Congress. Copyright Office. (1960). Catalog of Copyright Entries 1960 Dramas Jan-Dec 3D Ser Vol 14 Pts 3-4. United States Copyright Office. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.Gussow, Mel (2001-05-23). "Loften Mitchell, 82, Dramatist and Writer on Black Theater (Published 2001)". The New York Times.

E hiwere Romare Bearden Foundation afọ abụọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Òtù na-enweghị uru abụghị naanị ụlọ ọrụ Bearden; ọ na-enyere aka "ichekwa ma mee ka ihe nketa nke onye omenkà America a ma ama. "  Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015 ọ na-emepe mmemme inye onyinye iji kwado ụmụaka, ndị omenkà na-eto eto, na ndị ọkà mmụta. 

Na Charlotte, a gụrụ otu okporo ámá aha Bearden, na-agafe West Boulevard n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ. Romare Bearden Drive dị n'akụkụ West Boulevard Public Library na ahịrị nke ụlọ Obodo.

N'ime Charlotte-Mecklenburg Main Library (310 N. Tryon Street) bụ mosaic nke Bearden, Before Dawn .  Mgbe ọnwụ Bearden gasịrị, Nanette Rohan, nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ, họọrọ collage nke 12 site na 18-inch (300    nke Crovatto Mosaics ga-emegharị na smalti (glass tiles) na Spilimbergo, Ịtali maka nnukwu emeghe gala (June 18, 1989) nke ọbá akwụkwọ "ọhụrụ". A na-asọpụrụ ya n'ememe ahụ maka enyemaka ya. Ọrụ a kọwapụtara ọzọ bụ 9 feet (2.7  n'ogologo na 13.5 feet (4.1  n"obosara.

 Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara 

 Lil Dan, onye na-akụ ọkpọ, New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2003

 ya na Harry Henderson, Six Black Masters of American Art, New York: Doubleday, 1972Valakos, Dorothy (1997). Bearden, Romare (Howard), St. James Guide to Black Artists. Detroit: St. James Press. pp. 41–45.
 na Carl Holty, The Painter's Mind, Taylor & Francis, nke e bipụtara na 1969 [1]
 ya na Harry Henderson, nke A History of African-American Artists. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-ese ihe n'Afrịka. Site na 1792 ruo The Present, New York: Pantheon Books 1993[1]

 Tọrọ ntọala 306 Group, klọb maka ndị na-ese ihe na Harlem
 N'afọ 1966, a họpụtara ya na American Academy of Arts and Letters 
 N'afọ 1972, a họpụtara ya na National Institute of Arts and Letters
 N'afọ 1978, a họpụtara Bearden n'ime National Academy of Design dị ka onye otu Associate
 N'afọ 1987, otu afọ tupu ya anwụọ, e nyere ya National Medal of ArtsIhe nrite nka nke mba
 N'afọ 2002, onye ọkà mmụta Molefi Kete Asante depụtara Romare Bearden na ndepụta ya nke 100 Greatest African Americans. 
 Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, 1970[1]
 Ford Foundation Fellowship, 1973[1]
 Ihe nrite nke steeti North Carolina, 1976[1]
 Frederick Douglas Medal, New York Urban League, 1978[1]
 James Weldon Johnson Award, Atlanta Chapter nke NAACP, 1978[1]

 Ọrụ nka 

 Ihe osise (ihe osise) 
 The Blues (collage) - 1975, Honolulu Museum of Art Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Honolulu
 The Calabash (collage) - 1970, Library of CongressỌ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Congress
 Carolina Shout (collage) Nke a bụ aha na egwu egwu nke enyi ezinụlọ Bearden, "dean nke ndị na-egwu piano jazz" na onye na-ede egwu, James P. Johnson. Nke a yiri ka ọ karịrị ihe ndabara, dịka aha nne Bearden, Bessye (sic), edepụtara na akwụkwọ ozi nke otu nzukọ a na-akpọ, "Ndị enyi James P. Johnson" Ihe ndekọ nke Carolina Shout, nke gosipụtara Harry Connick Jr. na piano, gụnyere na CD ibe ya na National Gallery of Art Exhibition, RomJames P. Johnson, nke Branford Marsalis. - Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe OchieEbe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Mint
 Nwoke nkịtị, 1963
 nduru, 1964
 Falling Star (ihe osise) 
 Ezinụlọ ahụ, 1941
 Ezinụlọ ahụ, 1975
 Onye ọkụ azụ (ihe osise) 
 "Jammin' na Savoy" (ihe osise) 
 The Lantern (ihe osise) 
 Nke Ikpeazụ nke Blue Devils
 Madonna na Child, (collage) - ca. 1968-1970, Minnesota Museum of American ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke America na Minnesota
 Ụtụtụ nke Nkịta
 Patchwork Quilt (collage) - 1970, Museum of Modern Art Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A
 Pepper Jelly Lady (lithograph na-acha anụnụ anụnụ), Minnesota Museum of American ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke America na Minnesota
 Piano Lesson (ihe osise) - Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, kpaliri egwuregwu The Piano Lessun Ihe Nkụzi Piano
 Pittsburgh Memory (collage) - 1964, Collection of w, New York.  E ji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe osise album maka The Roots album ...Mgbe ahụ ị ga-agba nwa nwanne gị égbè.
 Mgbasawanye nke ememe: Tidings (collage) 
 Recollection Pond (tapestry) - 1974-1990, 7 gbakwunyere 1 onye na-ese ihe / 8 mere, Mount Holyoke College Art Museum; Port Authority of NY & NJ; York College, City University of New York; The Metropolitan Museum of Art
 Nlaghachi nke Nwa ahụ furu efu - 1967, Albright-Knox Art Gallery Ụlọ ngosi nka Albright-Knox
 Rocket gaa n'ọnwa
 She-Ba
 Oge ngosi (ihe osise) 
 Mkpụrụ Obi Atọ (collage) - 1968, Dallas Museum of Art 
 Oge okpomọkụ (collage) - 1967, Saint Louis Art Museum Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Saint Louis
 Ebe A Na-egbu Mkpụrụ Obi
 Ijikọta ya na Lafayette

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