Edward Tingatinga

Edward Saidi  Tingatinga (1932-1972) bụ onye na-ese ihe Ndị Tanzania, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka onye guzobere ụdị ihe osise na ụlọ akwụkwọ aha ya.The issue of Tingatinga's birthplace is the subject of a controversy; see the "Dispute about the origin" section.

 Akụkọ ndụ 

 Ọmụmụ na ezinụlọ 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|240x240px|Mindu, obodo kacha nso na Namochelia ebe a mụrụ E. S. Tingatinga. Daniel Augusta na ọgba tum tum, Mindu (2009) 
A mụrụ Tingatinga na 1932 n'ime obodo a na-akpọ Namochelia, na mpaghara Tunduru nke mpaghara Ruvuma na ndịda Tanzania, na nso oke ókè na ugwu Mozambique.[1]  Obodo nta a na-akpọ aha ahụ adịkwaghị;  ọ nwere ike akwụsịla ịdị adị n’afọ 1960 n’ihi ntugharị nke obere obodo bụ akụkụ nke mmemme Ujamaa nke Onye isi ala Julius Nyerere.  Obodo taa na mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Mindu, Nakapanya na Mtonya.  Ọtụtụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ Edward Tingatinga (n'akụkụ nne) ka bi n'ime obodo ndị ahụ;  Ndị ikwu si n'akụkụ nna bi na Ngapa, ihe dịka 20 km n'ebe ugwu Nakapanya. 

A mụrụ Edward Tingatinga n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Nne ya, Agnes Binti Ntembo, sitere n'agbụrụ Makua ma bụrụ Onye Kraịst, ebe nna ya, Saidi Tingatinga, bụ onye Ngindo na onye Alakụba. Nke a bụ ihe mere e ji nye nwa ahụ aha Ndị Kraịst (Edward) na aha ndị Alakụba (Saidi). N'ihi ihe nketa nke nne nke obodo ọdịnala Makua, a ga-ewere Edward Tingatinga dị ka onye sitere na Makua. Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọ bụ ezinụlọ nne ya lekọtara ya. N'ikpeazụ, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Agnes Ntembo na Saidi Tingatinga mebiri. Agnes Ntembo nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ ọzọ na ndị mmekọ abụọ ọzọ, ya bụ Andrea Gallusi, Simon Mpata na Cesilia Mpata. Simon Mpata, yana Agnes Mpata (nwa nwanyị Cesilia) ga-emesị soro nzọụkwụ Edward wee sonye n'òtù ndị na-ese ihe ọ ga-ahụ.

 Ọrụ 
N'afọ 1950, Edward hapụrụ nne ya wee gaa rụọ ọrụ n'ubi sisal na mpaghara Tanga nke ugwu Tanzania; mgbe e mesịrị, nwanne nna ya Salum Mussa Mkayoga (nke a makwaara dị ka Mzee Lumumba) kpọrọ ya, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-esi nri nke onye ọrụ Britain na Dar es Salaam. Tingatinga nwetara ihu ọma n'aka ya ma were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ubi. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ malitere ịnwale nke mbụ dị ka onye na-eti egwu na (na 1968) dị ka onye-ese ihe.

E ji ihe ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị, ndị dị ọnụ ala, dị ka ámá masonite, iberibe seramiiki, na agba ígwè mee ihe osise ya.  Ụdị ya na-adịghị mma, na-adabere na eziokwu na ihe ọchị;  Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọ na-achị bụ ihe oyiyi ndị Africa, dị ka anụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ala savannah.

N'afọ 1970, ọ lụrụ Agatha Mataka, onye bụ onye Makonde si Mozambique. N'ikpeazụ, ihe osise Tingatinga ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'etiti ndị bi Ndị Europe na ndị njem nleta, nke mere na o nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ oge niile dị ka onye na-ese ihe. O mechara kpọkọta otu ndị mmụta na ndị na-eso ụzọ, nke ga-emesị hazie onwe ha n'ime Tingatinga Art Co-operative Society. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eso ụzọ Tingatinga na Society (dịka, January Linda, Adeusi Mandu, Ajaba Adballah Mtalia, Casper Tedo, Simon Mptata na Omari Amonde) bụ ndị ikwu Edward ma ọ bụ nwunye ya, ma ọ bụ Makua ma ọ bụ makonde. N'ime ọgbọ mbụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ Tingatinga, ọ bụ naanị nwa nwanne Edward Omari Amonde ka dị ndụ.   [citation needed]

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
N'afọ 1972, onye uwe ojii gburu Tingatinga na mberede nke chere na ọ bụ onye na-agba ọsọ. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Tingatinga lanarịrị, ma too n'ibu na mkpa. Site n'aka ndị na-eso ụzọ Tingatinga na ndị na-eṅomi ya, ụdị Tingatinga ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ụdị ihe osise ndị njem nleta a ma ama na Tanzania, Kenya, na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke East Africa.

E liri Tingatinga na ili ozu Msasani na Dar es Salaam.

 Esemokwu banyere mmalite 
Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na a mụrụ ya na Mozambique kama Tanzania.  Dị ka Daniel Augusta nke Tingatinga Arts Cooperative Society si kwuo, enwere ike ị nwetaghachi isi mmalite ndị a na mmejọ a chọtara na 1996 site n'aka onye nkatọ nka Swedish Berit Sahlström, Tingatinga na Ndị na-eso Ya,nke na-akọkwa aha mbụ Tingatinga dị ka "Eduardo"  kama ịbụ "Edward".Sahlström n'onwe ya ezutebeghị ma ọ bụ gbaa ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Tingatinga ajụjụ ọnụ, ma kweta na ọ dabere na akwụkwọ nyocha nke nwa akwụkwọ ya bụ Mia Terent, onye n'aka nke ya kọrọ na ọ nwetara ozi a n'aka onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Sweden-Tanzania Barbro Johansson (nke a makwaara dị ka "Mama Barbro") na N'ajụjụ ọnụ.  Ọnwa Iri 12, 1996.

Ndị na-ese ihe na Tingatinga, Tingatinga Arts Co-operative (TACS), na ndị ezinụlọ Edward (gụnyere nwa ya nwoke na nwa ya nwanyị Daudi na Martina, nwanne di ya bụ Gallusi na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Omari Amonde), yana ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị na-ere ahịa nka (n'etiti ha, Jesper Kirknaes, Merete Teisen, Yves Goscinny, na Felix Lorenz, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge na ndị na Tingating na Mozambique) jụrụ echiche ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na Tingatinga Society kpọrọ ya ka ọ dozie njehie ya n'ihu ọha, Sahlström jụrụ ime nke a, mana ọ bụghị n'ihi na o doro anya na o kwenyesiri ike na nkwupụta ya.Tingatinga and the Mozambique Myth

 Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala 

 Akwụkwọ 

 Tingatinga Arts Cooperative Society, Tingatinga na Kiswahili na Bekee (Mture Educational Publishers Ltd, 1998, 2005)   
 Tine Thorup, Cuong Sam, Tingatinga - Kitsch ma ọ bụ Quality (ThorupArt, 2011) ISBN  

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Tingatinga na ndị na-eso ya
 tingatinga.it Ihe nlele nke Tingatinga
 Tingatinga Cooperative nke ezinụlọ E.S. Tingatinga guzobere
 Nnyocha Swedish banyere mmalite nke E.S. Tingatinga
 Nyochaa ihe osise ndị Afrịka