Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia bu mgbe enwere otutu Ori na n'ime ahu di iche iche nke ime na ebute, nke eji obara ngbanielu na otutu protein na mmariri nwere mara. Ona ebido n'izuka iriabuo nwaanyi jiri do ime. N'otutu oge mgbe odi njo ana enwe red blood cell breakdown, blood platelet ndi ntakiri liver na anaghi Aru ofuma, kidney nwere nsogbu, ahu iza aza, ikughi ime ofuma maobu ahughi uxo ofuma.  .    .[4]

Ihe ize ndụ maka pre-eclampsia gụnyere oke ibu, ọbara mgbali elu, ịka nká, na Ọrịa shuga.Al-Jameil N, Aziz Khan F, Fareed Khan M, Tabassum H (February 2014). "A brief overview of preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w. PMC 3881982. PMID 24400024. Ọ na-adịkarị na ime ime mbụ nke nwanyị na ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-amụ ejima.[1] Usoro ndị dị n'okpuru ya dị mgbagwoju anya ma na-agụnye mmepụta ọbara na-adịghị mma na placenta n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ.[1] A na-achọpụta ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa tupu a mụọ nwa, a pụkwara ịhazi ha dabere na izu ime mgbe a mụọ.Magee LA, Nicolaides KH, von Dadelszen P (May 2022). Longo DL (ed.). "Preeclampsia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 386 (19): 1817–1832. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2109523. PMID 35544388. S2CID 248695137. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, pre-eclampsia na-aga n'ihu n'ime oge mgbe a mụsịrị ya, nke a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka postpartum pre-eclasmpsia.   N'ụzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe, pre-eclampsia nwere ike ịmalite n'oge mgbe a mụsịrị nwa. "Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy" (PDF). Obstetrics and Gynecology. 122 (5): 1122–1131. November 2013. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88. PMC 1126958. PMID 24150027. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-01-06. Retrieved 2015-02-17. Ọ bụ ezie na n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a chọrọ ma ọbara mgbali elu na protein dị na mamịrị iji mee nchọpụta ahụ, nkọwa ụfọdụ gụnyekwara ndị nwere ọbara mgbali ala na nsogbu ọ bụla metụtara ya.  [6]Lambert G, Brichant JF, Hartstein G, Bonhomme V, Dewandre PY (2014). "Preeclampsia: an update". Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica. 65 (4): 137–149. PMID 25622379. A na-akọwa ọbara mgbali elu dị ka onye dị elu mgbe ọ karịrị 140 mmHg systolic ma ọ bụ 90 mmHg diastolic n'oge abụọ dị iche iche, ihe karịrị awa anọ dị iche iche n'ime nwanyị mgbe izu iri abụọ nke ime gasịrị. [6]   A na-enyocha pre-eclampsia mgbe niile n'oge Nlekọta tupu amụọ nwa.  

Ntuziaka maka mgbochi gụnyere: aspirin na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu, Mgbakwunye calcium na mpaghara ndị na-eri obere, na ọgwụgwọ nke ọbara mgbali elu tupu ọgwụ.WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. World Health Organization. 2011. hdl:10665/44703. ISBN 978-92-4-154833-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-13. N'ime ndị nwere pre-eclampsia, ịmụ nwa na Placenta bụ ọgwụgwọ dị irè [1] mana mgbake zuru oke nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ ụbọchị ma ọ bụ izu. Martin N (2018-08-14). "Trusted Health Sites Spread Myths About a Deadly Pregnancy Complication". ProPublica. Lost Mothers. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-05-28. From the Mayo Clinic to Harvard, sources don't always get the facts right about preeclampsia. Reached by ProPublica, some are making needed corrections. Ebe a na-atụ aro ịmụ nwa na-adabere n'otú pre-eclampsia siri sie ike na ogologo oge nwanyị dị ime.[1] Enwere ike iji ọgwụ mgbochi ọbara, dị ka labetalol na methyldopa, mee ka ọnọdụ nne dị mma tupu ọ mụọ nwa. Enwere ike iji Magnesium sulfate gbochie eclampsia na ndị nwere ọrịa siri ike.[1] A chọpụtabeghị na ezumike n'àkwà na iri nnu bara uru maka ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ mgbochi. [1][./Pre-eclampsia#cite_note-ACOG2013-3 [5]]

 Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà 
Edema (karịsịa n'aka na ihu) ka a na-ewere na mbụ dị ka ihe ịrịba ama dị mkpa maka nchọpụta nke pre-eclampsia. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọzịza bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime, uru ya dị ka ihe dị iche na pre-eclampsia adịghị elu. Pitting edema (ọzịza a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọkachasị nke aka, ụkwụ, ma ọ bụ ihu, nke a na-ahụkarị site na ịhapụ indentation mgbe a na-agbanye ya) nwere ike ịdị ịrịba ama, a ga-ekwukwa ya na onye na-ahụ maka ahụike.

Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịkọwa ihe mgbaàmà dị ka ihe mgbu epigastric dị ka obi ọkụ. Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke pre-eclampsia nke a na-enyocha n'oge nleta tupu amụọ gụnyere ọbara mgbali elu na protein karịrị akarị na mamịrị. Tụkwasị na nke a, ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inwe isi ọwụwa dị egwu dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke pre-eclampsia. N'ozuzu, ọ dịghị ihe ịrịba ama ọ bụla nke pre-eclampsia bụ ihe a kapịrị ọnụ, ọbụnakwa convulsions n'ime ime nwere ike ịnwe ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ya karịa eclampsia n'omume ọgbara ọhụrụ. Nnyocha na-adabere n'ịchọta nkwekọrịta nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ pre-eclamptic, ihe akaebe ikpeazụ bụ nzaghachi ha n'ime ụbọchị na izu mgbe a mụsịrị ha.Martin N (2018-08-14). "Trusted Health Sites Spread Myths About a Deadly Pregnancy Complication". ProPublica. Lost Mothers. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-05-28. From the Mayo Clinic to Harvard, sources don't always get the facts right about preeclampsia. Reached by ProPublica, some are making needed corrections.

 Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya 
Enweghi nsogbu amaboro Anya dika ihe na ebute Oria, mana enwere ihe nwere Ike ipalite ya. Ufodu gunyere:Al-Jameil N, Aziz Khan F, Fareed Khan M, Tabassum H (February 2014). "A brief overview of preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w. PMC 3881982. PMID 24400024.Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (August 2010). "Pre-eclampsia". Lancet. 376 (9741): 631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID 20598363. S2CID 208792631.

 Placentation na-adịghị mma (ọdịdị na mmepe nke placenta) 
 Ihe ndị na-akpata ahụike
 Ọrịa nne tupu ma ọ bụ nke dị ugbu a - a na-ahụ pre-eclampsia karịa na ndị nwere ọbara mgbali elu, oke ibu, ma ọ bụ ọrịa antiphospholipid antibody syndrome ma ọ bụ ndị nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke pre-eclasm
 Ihe ndị na-eri nri, dịka mgbakwunye calcium n'ebe nri calcium dị ala egosila na ọ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke pre-eclampsia WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. World Health Organization. 2011. hdl:10665/44703. ISBN 978-92-4-154833-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-13.
 Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, dịka mmetọ ikuku 

Ndị nwere ọbara mgbali elu ogologo oge nwere ihe ize ndụ okpukpu 7 ruo 8 karịa ndị na-enweghị.

N'ihe gbasara ahụike, nchọpụta ejikọtala pre-eclampsia na mgbanwe ndị na-esonụ: mgbanwe na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmeghachi omume nke nne na placenta, mmerụ ahụ nke placenta, mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial, mgbanwe nke mmeghachi nke vascular, nrụgide oxidative, enweghị nkwụsi ike n'etiti ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, mbelata nke intravascular, na disseminated intravasculation.Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (August 2010). "Pre-eclampsia". Lancet. 376 (9741): 631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID 20598363. S2CID 208792631.

Ọ bụ ezie na kpọmkwem ihe kpatara pre-eclampsia ka bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka, enwere ihe akaebe siri ike na isi ihe na-eme ka nwanyị nwere ike ibute pre-eclempsia bụ placenta a kụrụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma.Al-Jameil N, Aziz Khan F, Fareed Khan M, Tabassum H (February 2014). "A brief overview of preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w. PMC 3881982. PMID 24400024.Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (August 2010). "Pre-eclampsia". Lancet. 376 (9741): 631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID 20598363. S2CID 208792631. Placenta a a na-etinye n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịkpata infusion dị njọ nke akpa nwa na placental, na-emepụta ọnọdụ hypoxia na nrụgide oxidative na-abawanye na ntọhapụ nke protein anti-angiogenic yana ndị na-eme ka ọ na-afụ ụfụ n'ime plasma nne.[2] Otu isi nsonaazụ nke usoro ihe omume a bụ dysfunction endothelial.Eiland E, Nzerue C, Faulkner M (2012). "Preeclampsia 2012". Journal of Pregnancy. 2012: 586578. doi:10.1155/2012/586578. PMC 3403177. PMID 22848831. Mmetụta na-adịghị mma nwere ike isi na mmeghachi omume nke usoro ahụike nne na placenta, ọkachasị enweghị nkwenye nke ahụike n'oge ime. Endothelial dysfunction na-akpata ọbara mgbali elu na ọtụtụ mgbaàmà na nsogbu ndị ọzọ metụtara pre-eclampsia.[1] Mgbe pre-eclampsia malitere n'izu ikpeazụ nke ime ime ma ọ bụ n'ime ime ọtụtụ, ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, n"ihi nnukwu placenta na-eto karịa ikike nke akpa nwa, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na mgbaàmà nke pre-eclasmpsia.

chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC) na-emebi mwakpo nke mkpụrụ ndụ trophoblast extravillus na Akwara na-agba gburugburu, na-akpata nguzogide dị elu, obere ọbara, na obere ihe na-edozi ahụ na nwa e bu n'afọ.  

 Ihe ndị metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 
N'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere usoro ụfọdụ na-akpata pre-eclampsia, enwere ihe akaebe siri ike iji tụọ aro na ọ na-esite na gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe nketa. Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2005 gosiri na ụmụ nwanyị nwere onye ikwu mbụ nke nwere ọmụmụ pre-eclamptic nwere ohere okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ahụ n'onwe ha. Ọzọkwa, ndị ikom nwere njikọ na onye nwere nsogbu ịmụ nwa nwere ohere dị ukwuu nke ịmụ ime tupu eclamptic. Ụmụ ọhụrụ nwere nsogbu pre-eclampsia nwere ohere dị elu nke nsogbu ime ime mgbe e mesịrị gụnyere mgbochi uto, ịmụ nwa n'oge, na ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ.

A na-eche na mmalite nke pre-eclampsia sitere na ọtụtụ mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi. Nghọta anyị ugbu a banyere ihe nketa a na-eketa eketa na-agụnye enweghị nkwekọ nke ihe ndị na-akpata angiogenic na placenta. Angiogenesis na-agụnye uto nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ site na akwara ndị dị ugbu a, na enweghị nkwekọ n'oge ime nwere ike imetụta vascularization, uto, na ọrụ nke nwa e bu n'afọ. A na-eche na ngosipụta na-adịghị mma nke ihe ndị a na-achịkwa site na ọtụtụ loci na chromosomes dị iche iche. Nnyocha banyere isiokwu a enweela oke n'ihi ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ọrịa ahụ. Genotypes nke nne, nna, na nwa e bu n'afọ niile na-arụ ọrụ yana ihe mgbagwoju anya epigenetic dị ka ma ndị nne na nna na-ese siga, afọ nne, mmekọahụ, na oke ibu.[1] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere obere nghọta n'azụ usoro mmekọrịta ndị a. N'ihi ọdịdị polygenic nke pre-eclampsia, ọtụtụ n'ime ọmụmụ ndị e mere ruo ugbu a na isiokwu ahụ ejirila ọmụmụ njikọ nke genome.