Jean-Michel Basquiat

Jean-Michel Basquiat (   [ʒɑ̃]; Disemba 22, 1960 - Ọgọst 12, 1988) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge afọ 1980 dị ka akụkụ nke Neo-expressionism movement. 

Basquiat bu ụzọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na ngwụcha afọ 1970 dị ka akụkụ nke graffiti duo SAMO, n'akụkụ Al Diaz, na-ede epigrams dị mgbagwoju anya na Manhattan dum, ọkachasị na ebe ọdịbendị nke Lower East Side ebe rap, punk, na nka okporo ámá jikọtara n'ime ọdịbendị egwu hip-hop mbụ. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1980, a na-egosi ihe osise ya na gallery na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mba ụwa. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, Basquiat ghọrọ onye omenkà kachasị nta na-ekere òkè na Documenta na Kassel, Germany. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta na-egosi na Whitney Biennial na New York. The Whitney Museum of American Art mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka ya na 1992.

 Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Basquiat na Disemba 22, 1960, na Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City, nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ anọ Matilde Basquiat (née Andrades, 1934-2008) na Gérard Basquiat (1930-2013).  O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Max, onye nwụrụ obere oge tupu a mụọ ya, na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ọ tọrọ, Lisane (b. 1964) na Jeanine (b. A mụrụ nna ya na Port-au-Prince, Haiti ma amụọ nne ya na Brooklyn na nne na nna Puerto Rican. A zụlitere ya na Katọlik.

Matilde kụnyere ịhụnanya maka nka n'ime nwa ya nwoke site n'ịkpọrọ ya gaa n'ụlọ ngosi nka dị n'ógbè ahụ ma debanye aha ya dị ka onye na-eto eto nke Brooklyn Museum of Art .  Basquiat bụ nwatakịrị na-eto eto nke mụtara ịgụ na ide mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Nne ya gbara nwa ya ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ma ọ na-agbalịkarị ise ihe nkiri kachasị amasị ya. N'afọ 1967, ọ malitere ịga Saint Ann's School, ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere enyi ya Marc Prozzo ma ha abụọ mepụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, nke Basquiat dere mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ma Prozzo sere ya.[4]

Ezinụlọ Basquiat biri na mpaghara Brooklyn nke Boerum Hill wee kwaga Miramar, Puerto Rico na 1974. [18] Mgbe ha laghachiri Brooklyn na 1976, Basquiat gara Edward R. Murrow High School.[20] Ọ gbalịrị ịnagide nsogbu nne ya ma nupụ isi mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise mgbe nna ya jidere ya na-ese wii wii n'ime ụlọ ya.[22] Ọ na-ehi ụra n'elu oche ogige ntụrụndụ na Washington Square Park wee ṅụọ LSD. N'ikpeazụ, nna ya hụrụ ya na isi a kpụrụ akpụ wee kpọọ ndị uwe ojii ka ha kpọbata ya n'ụlọ.[25]

 Ihe osise n'okporo ámá na Gray: 1978-1980 

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 1978, Basquiat na Diaz malitere ịpị Ihe odide n'ụlọ dị na Lower Manhattan. Na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha nzuzo SAMO, ha dere okwu mgbasa ozi na-atọ ọchị dịka "SAMO© AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GOD". [1] Na June 1978, a chụpụrụ Basquiat na City-As-School maka ịkwaga onye isi.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, nna ya chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe o kpebiri ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Unique Clothing Warehouse na NoHo ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ede ihe n'abalị.   Na Disemba 11, 1978, The Village Voice bipụtara otu isiokwu banyere ihe odide SAMO. [1]

N'oge a, Basquiat biri na East Village na enyi ya Alexis Adler, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Barnard biology. Ọ na-edekarị ihe osise nke kemịkalụ ndị ọ gbazitere n'akwụkwọ sayensị Adler. O dere nchọpụta ndị Basquiat na-emepụta ihe ka ọ na-agbanwe ala, mgbidi, ọnụ ụzọ na oche n'ime ọrụ nka ya. Ya na enyi ya Jennifer Stein mekwara postcard. Mgbe ọ na-ere postcard na SoHo, Basquiat hụrụ Andy Warhol na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ W.P.A. na onye na-enyocha nka Henry Geldzahler. Ọ rere Warhol postcard akpọrọ Stupid Games, Bad Ideas.
N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1979, na oghere oghere Arleen Schloss nke a na-akpọ A's, Basquiat gosipụtara ihe ngosi SAMO ya site na iji Xerox nke ọrụ ya.  Schloss nyere Basquiat ohere iji oghere ahụ mepụta uwe "MAN MADE" ya, nke a na-ete ágbá. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1979, onye na-emepụta ejiji Patricia Field buuru akara ejiji ya n'ụlọ ahịa ya dị elu na 8th Street na Greenwich Village.  Field gosipụtakwara ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na windo ụlọ ahịa.

Mgbe Basquiat na Diaz dara, o dere "SAMO IS DEAD" na mgbidi nke ụlọ SoHo na 1980.  Na June 1980, ọ pụtara na magazin High Times, mbipụta mba mbụ ya, dị ka akụkụ nke isiokwu akpọrọ "Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art" nke Glenn O'Brien.  Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri nke O'Brien bụ Downtown 81 (2000), nke akpọrọ New York Beat, nke gosipụtara ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ Gray na ụda ya.[ Andy Kellman. Downtown 81 Original Soundtrack]. Retrieved January 16, 2008.

 Ịbụ onye a ma ama na ihe ịga nke ọma: 1980-1986 
Na June 1980, Basquiat sonyere na The Times Square Show, ihe ngosi ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nke Collaborative Projects Incorporated (Colab) na Fashion Moda kwadoro. Ndị nkatọ na ndị nlekọta dị iche iche hụrụ ya, gụnyere Jeffrey Deitch, bụ ndị kpọtụrụ ya aha n'otu isiokwu akpọrọ "Report from Times Square" na mbipụta Septemba 1980 nke Art in America. Na Febụwarị 1981, Basquiat sonyere na ngosi New York / New Wave, nke Diego Cortez haziri na P.S.1 nke New York. Onye na-ese ihe n'Ịtali bụ Sandro Chia tụrụ aro ọrụ Basquiat nye onye na-ere ahịa n'Ị大利 bụ Emilio Mazzoli, onye zụrụ ihe osise 10 maka Basquiat ka o gosipụta ya na gallery ya na Modena, Ịtali na Mee 1981.   Na Disemba 1981, onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard bipụtara "The Radiant Child" na magazin Artforum, isiokwu mbụ buru ibu na Basquiat.  N'oge a, Basquiat sere ọtụtụ ihe na ihe ndị ọ hụrụ n'okporo ámá, dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ndị a tụfuru atụfu.

Na Septemba 1981, onye na-ere ihe osise Annina Nosei kpọrọ Basquiat ka ọ sonye na gallery ya na aro nke Sandro Chia.  N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ sonyere na ihe ngosi nke otu ya Public Address .  O nyere ya ihe onwunwe na ohere ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ngosi ya. N'afọ 1982, Nosei mere ndokwa ka ọ kwaga n'otu ụlọ elu nke jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na 101 Crosby Street na SoHo.   O nwere ihe ngosi America mbụ ya na Annina Nosei Gallery na Machị 1982. [3] O dekwara ihe osise na Modena maka ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya n'Italian na Machị 1982.  N'inwe mmetụta nke ịbụ onye e ji mee ihe, a kagburu ihe ngosi ahụ n'ihi na a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-ese ihe osise asatọ n'otu izu.[1]

 Afọ ikpeazụ na ọnwụ: 1986-1988 
N'oge mmekọrịta ha, Goode malitere ịṅụ heroin na Basquiat ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. O kwuru, sị: "Ọ kpaliri m ya, mana ọ bụ naanị n'ebe ahụ ka m bụ onye na-amaghị ihe. " [1] Na ngwụcha afọ 1986, o jisiri ike mee ka onwe ya na Basquiat banye na mmemme methadone na Manhattan, mana ọ kwụsịrị mgbe izu atọ gasịrị. [111] Dị ka Goode si kwuo, ọ malitere ịgba ọgwụ heroin ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ha.[1] N'ime ọnwa iri na asatọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Basquiat ghọrọ ihe dị ka onye na-anọpụ iche. A na-eche na ọ nọgidere na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe bụ ụzọ isi nagide ọnwụ enyi ya Andy Warhol na Febụwarị 1987. [1] [2]

In January 1988, Basquiat traveled to Paris for his exhibition at the Yvon Lambert Gallery and to Düsseldorf for an exhibition at the Hans Mayer Gallery. While in Paris, he befriended Ivorian artist Ouattara Watts. They made plans to travel together to Watts' birthplace, Korhogo, that summer. Following his exhibition at the Vrej Baghoomian Gallery in New York in April 1988, Basquiat traveled to Maui in June to withdraw from drug use. After returning to New York in July, Basquiat ran into Keith Haring on Broadway, who stated that this last encounter was the only time Basquiat ever discussed his drug problem with him. Glenn O'Brien also recalled Basquiat calling him and telling him he was "feeling really good."

N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ndị a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịṅụ mmanya, Basquiat nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asaa n'ihi ịṅụbiga ọgwụ heroin ókè n'ụlọ ya na Great Jones Street na Manhattan n'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1988.  Enyi ya nwanyị Kelle Inman chọtara ya na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya ma kpọga ya na Cabrini Medical Center, ebe a kwupụtara na ọ nwụọla mgbe ọ rutere.
E liri Basquiat na Green-Wood Cemetery nke Brooklyn. E mere emume olili ozu na Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel na August 17, 1988. [1] Ndị ezinụlọ na ezigbo ndị enyi bịara ememe olili ozu ahụ, gụnyere Keith Haring, Francesco Clemente, Glenn O'Brien, na onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Paige Powell.[1] Onye na-ere ihe osise bụ Jeffrey Deitch kwuru okwu otuto.

E mere emume ncheta ọha na eze na Saint Peter's Church na Nọvemba 3, 1988.  Otu n'ime ndị ọkà okwu ahụ bụ Ingrid Sischy, onye dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Artforum matara Basquiat nke ọma ma nye iwu ka ọtụtụ isiokwu mara ọrụ ya n'ụwa niile. Suzanne Mallouk, onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat, kwughachiri akụkụ nke "Poem for Basquiat" nke A. R. Penck na enyi ya Fab 5 Freddy gụrụ uri nke Langston Hughes. Ndị ọbịa 300 gụnyere ndị egwu John Lurie na Arto Lindsay, Keith Haring, onye na-ede uri David Shapiro, Glenn O'Brien, na ndị otu egwu mbụ nke Basquiat bụ Gray.

Iji cheta onye omenkà ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Keith Haring mepụtara ihe osise A Pile of Crowns maka Jean-Michel Basquiat. N'akwụkwọ ọnwụ Haring dere maka Vogue, o kwuru, sị: "Ọ mepụtara n'ezie ọrụ ndụ n'ime afọ iri. N'anya, anyị na-eche ihe ọzọ ọ nwere ike mepụta, ihe magburu onwe ya ndị ọnwụ ya ghọgburu anyị, mana eziokwu ahụ bụ na o mepụtara ọrụ zuru ezu iji mee ka ọgbọ ndị na-abịa nwee mmasị. Ọ bụ naanị ugbu a ka ndị mmadụ ga-amalite ịghọta oke nke onyinye ya. "

Onye na-enyocha nka Franklin Sirmans nyochara na Basquiat wepụtara uri, eserese, na eserese, ma lụọ ederede na onyinyo, abstraction, figuration, na ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme agwakọta na nkatọ nke oge a. Nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ihu na ihu na nkatọ ha na-akatọ ọchịchị na nkwado maka ọgụ nke ndị otu.[1] Ọ chọpụtakwara ihe nketa nka sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ gbasara ọdịnala oge ochie. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Fred Hoffman na-ekwu na ihe dị n'ime njirimara onwe onye nke Basquiat dị ka onye na-ese ihe bụ "ikike ebumpụta ụwa iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe dị ka Onye amụma, na-eme ka nghọta ya banyere ụwa dị n'èzí ruo n'ihe ha bụ isi ha ma, n'aka nke ya, na-egosi ha n'èstre site n'omume okike ya",  nakwa na nka ya lekwasịrị anya na "nkewa dị iche iche iche" ugboro ugboro dị ka akụ na ịda ogbenye, njikọta na nkewa, na nke dị n'etiti, na nkewa.

 Mmekọahụ 
Basquiat nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwu Madonna.  [259] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kpughere n'ihu ọha dị ka nwoke na nwanyị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị enyi ya ekwuola na ya na ụmụ nwoke nwere mmekọahụ.[260][261] Onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Suzanne Mallouk kọwara Mmasị mmekọahụ ya dị ka "ọ bụghị monochromatic. Ọ dabere na mkpali anya, dị ka nwa agbọghọ mara mma. Ọ bụ mmekọahụ nwere ọtụtụ àgwà. Ọ masịrị ya ndị mmadụ maka ihe dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike ịbụ ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ agbọghọ, dị gịrịgịrị, abụba, mara mma, ihe ọjọọ ... Ọ masịrị ọgụgụ isi karịa ihe ọ bụla na ihe mgbu.

Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Phoebe Hoban dere banyere ahụmahụ mmekọahụ mbụ nke Basquiat, nke ya na ụmụ nwoke.[263] Mgbe Basquiat bụ nwata na Puerto Rico, onye na-akpụ isi yi uwe na-eyi uwe na-edina ya n'ike, mgbe ahụ, ya na deejay na-emekọrịta ihe.[20] Onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard, onye nyere aka ịmalite ọrụ Basquiat, kwuru na Basquiat nọ n'ihe niile ma "gbanwere aghụghọ" na Condado Ógbè ọ bi na Puerto Rico. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Basquiat gwara enyi ya na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye akwụna na 42nd Street na Manhattan mgbe ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ.[26] Andy Warhol kwuru na Basquiat jụrụ iso ya na Keith Haring gaa Rounds, ụlọ mmanya na-eme enyi nwoke,  n'ihi na ọ weghachiri ihe ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-eme egwuregwu.  Entry date: Thursday, August 7, 1984.

 Ihe Nketa 
Nna ya, Gerard Basquiat, na-elekọta ala Basquiat ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2013. Ọ bụ ụmụnne ya nwanyị, Jeanine Heriveaux na Lisane Basquiat na-achịkwa ya ugbu a. Ọrụ ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nka n'okporo ámá na ihe nkiri hip hop,  a hụkwara ya dị ka mmetụta na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a gụnyere Banksy, Shepard Fairey, na Halim Flowers.  

N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara Basquiat n'ihu Vanity Fair's Art and Artists Special Edition .  N'afọ 2016, Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation debere ihe ncheta na-echeta ndụ Basquiat n'èzí ebe obibi mbụ ya na 57 Great Jones Street na Manhattan. N'afọ 2017, onye isi ala obodo Eric Adams nyere Basquiat mkpịsị ugodi nke obodo Brooklyn ma sọpụrụ ya na Celebrity Path na Brooklyn Botanic Garden . 

 Ihe nkiri, telivishọn na ihe nkiri 
Basquiat pụtara na Downtown 81, ihe nkiri vérité nke Glenn O'Brien dere ma Edo Bertoglio gbara ya na 1980-81, mana ewepụtaghị ya ruo n'afọ 2000.

Without Walls: Shooting Star, ihe ngosi Britain nke Geoff Dunlop banyere ndụ Basquiat, gosipụtara na Channel 4 na 1990.  N'afọ 1996, onye na-ese ihe Julian Schnabel mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri Baskiat. Ọ na-egosi Jeffrey Wright dị ka Basquiat na David Bowie dị ka Andy Warhol . 

Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child, ihe nkiri nke Tamra Davis duziri, gosipụtara na 2010 Sundance Film Festival ma gosipụta ya na usoro PBS Independent Lens na 2011.  Sara Driver duziri ihe nkiri Boom for Real: The Late Teenage Years of Jean-Michel Basquiat, nke gosipụtara na 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. N'afọ 2018, PBS gosipụtara ihe ngosi Basquiat: Rage to Riches dị ka akụkụ nke usoro American Masters. 

 Egwú 
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọnwụ Basquiat gasịrị, onye na-akpọ ụbọ Vernon Reid nke otu egwu funk metal Living Colour dere abụ a na-akpọ "Desperate People", nke e wepụtara na album ha Vivid. Abụ ahụ na-ekwu maka ọgwụ ọjọọ nke New York n'oge ahụ. Reid sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dee abụ ahụ mgbe ọ natara oku ekwentị site n'aka Greg Tate na-agwa ya banyere ọnwụ Basquiat.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014, Mkpughe 13:18 wepụtara egwu "Old School" nke gosipụtara Jean-Michel Basquiat, yana abọm akpọrọ Mkpughe 13:18. Ụbọchị ntọhapụ nke "Old School" dakọtara na ncheta ọnwụ Basquiat.  N'afọ 2020, ndị otu egwu rock nke New York bụ Strokes jiri ihe osise Basquiat bụ Bird on Money (1981) dị ka ihe osise mkpuchi maka abọm ha bụ The New Abnormal . 

 Edensibia 

Òtù:1960 births