Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọla Ọla Ọka

Ihe isi ike dị iche nke ụlọ ọrụ kọpa mkpughe nke nnukwu ngosi mba n'obi sochiri echiche nke ahụ ahụ efe site n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke mkpokọta iji obi ike.  N’ụzọ dị otú a na March, 28th, 1935, e hiwere International Copper Cartel ( ICC ).  E nwere ndị òtù ise nọ na katel ahụ na mmadụ na-ekiri ndị mba ọzọ nwere enyi.  Ndị na-atụ vootu bụ: Anaconda Copper (United States), Kennecott Copper (United States), Roan Antelope Copper (Northern Rhodesia), Rhokana Corporation (Northern Rhodesia) na Union Minière du Haut-Katanga (Belgian Congo), ebe ndị na  - Aha vootu.  Ndị òtù bụ Bor (Yugoslavia) na Rio Tinto (Spain).  Eji ọnụ ọnụ, ụlọ ọrụ asaa ndị nwere ihe ọkara ọkara nke ihe a rụpụtara n'ụwa niile nke ọla kọpa a nụchara anụcha n'oge ahụ.  Isi ihe dị iche na nke a na cartel ọla kọpa gara aga bụ na ndị otu ICC anwaghị esemokwu ọnụ otu.  Kama, ikike ikike i chere ọnụ na-egosighị ìhè, na-eme ka mmetụta dị ukwuu (Walters, 1944).  N'agbanyeghị uru uru otu ICC ihe n'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ dịghị mgbe a kọchara ICC maka Iran oke ọnụ, n'iche ka ihe mere n'ihe gbasara cartel ndị gara aga.  N'ezie, n'uche Herfindahl, ụgbọ ala ihe mgbochi ọ ALA na nsogbu.  A Maseso ndị a na data ndị USGS kwa afọ na-egosi ọnụ ahịa ọla kọpa kwa afọ na US Dollar kwa paụnd (2204.3 lb kwa metric ton), ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ agbanwee maka Ndekọ azụmahịa US

Herfindahl (1959) kwuputara na ndị otu cartel laghachiri na asọmpi Nash-Cournot ozugbo ọnụ ahịa dị mkpa ma ọ bụ mkpalite gafere. N'aka nke ọzọ, Montero and Guzmán (2005) posit na imekọ ihe ọnụ omume nwere ike na-aga n'ihu na booms, ma na-eji mmepụta-ịgbasa atụmatụ iji gbochie ntinye nke asọmpi ọnụ.

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Herfindahl, OC (1959). Ọnụ ego ọla kọpa na ọnụ ahịa: 1870 - 1957. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
 Walters, A. (1944). International Copper Cartel. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Southern Economic 11, 133-156.
 Montero, J.-P. na Guzmán, JI Mmekọrịta na-akwalite ọdịmma ọdịmma n'ihu n'ihu ọnụ ahịa asọmpi.
 Guzman, JI (2007). International Copper Cartel, 1935–1939: ezigbo cartel? Akwụkwọ ọrụ, Ngwuputa Ngwuputa, Mahadum Katọlik nke Chile

 Hụkwa 

 Cartel ọla kọpa
 Nkwekọrịta ọla kọpa ụwa
Òtù:Nhazi Nri