August Macke

August Robert Ludwig Macke (3 Jenụwarị 1887 - 26 Septemba 1914) bụ onye na-ese ihe na German Expressionist. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi otu German Expressionist Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). Ọ biri n'oge na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka nka German: ọ hụrụ mmepe nke ndị isi German Expressionist movements yana mbata nke ndị na-esote avant-garde movements nke na-etolite na Europe ndị ọzọ. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'oge ya, Macke maara otu esi etinye ihe ndị dị n'ihu n'ime ihe osise ya nke kacha amasị ya. Dị ka enyi ya Franz Mak na Otto Soltau, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na Germany nwụrụ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ August Robert Ludwig Macke na Germany na 3 Jenụwarị 1887, na Meschede, Westphalia. Ọ bụ naanị nwa nwoke nke August Friedrich Hermann Macke (1845-1904), onye na-ewu ụlọ na onye na-ese ihe, na nwunye ya, Maria Florentine, nke a mụrụ Adolph, (1848-1922), onye si n'ezinụlọ ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara Sauerland nke Westphalia. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe amuchara August, ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Cologne, ebe Macke gụrụ akwụkwọ na Kreuzgymnasium (1897-1900) wee bụrụ enyi Hans Thuar, onye ghọkwara onye na-ese ihe. N'afọ 1900, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Bonn, ebe Macke gụrụ akwụkwọ na Realgymnasium wee bụrụ enyi Walter Gerhardt na nwanne Gerhardt, Elisabeth, onye ọ lụrụ afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị.

Ọrụ nka mbụ nke nwere mmetụta n'ebe nwata nwoke ahụ nọ bụ ihe osise nna ya nọ, ihe osise ndị Japan nke nna enyi ya Thuar chịkọtara na ọrụ Arnold Böcklin nke ọ hụrụ na nleta ya na Basel na 1900. N'afọ 1904, nna Macke nwụrụ, n'afọ ahụ, Macke debanyere aha na Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, n'okpuru Adolf Maennchen (1904-1906). N'oge a, ọ gakwara klas mgbede n'okpuru Fritz Helmut Ehmke (1905), rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na ejiji na Schauspielhaus Düsseldorf, wee gaa n'ebe ugwu Ịtali (1905) na Netherlands, Belgium na Britain (1906).

 Ọrụ nka 1907-1914 
Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Macke biri ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya na Bonn, ma e wezụga oge ole na ole ọ nọrọ na Lake Thun na Switzerland na njem dị iche iche na Paris, Italy, Netherlands na Tunisia. Na Paris, ebe ọ gara na nke mbụ ya na 1907, Macke hụrụ ọrụ nke ndị Impressionist, obere oge ka ọ gachara Berlin wee nọrọ ọnwa ole na ole na ụlọ ọrụ Lovis Corinth. E guzobere ụdị ya n'ime usoro nke French Impressionism na Post-Impressionism ma mesịa gafee oge Fauve. N'afọ 1909 ọ lụrụ Elisabeth Gerhardt. N'afọ 1910, site na ọbụbụenyi ya na Franz Mak, Macke zutere Kandinsky ma nwekọọ ihe mara mma na ihe omimi na ihe nnọchianya nke Der Blaue Reiter.

Nzukọ Macke na Robert Delaunay na Paris na 1912 ga-abụ ụdị mkpughe nye ya. Cubism chromatic nke Delaunay, nke Apollinaire kpọrọ Orphism, metụtara nka Macke site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu. Enwere ike iwere Ụlọ ahịa Windows,'' ya dị ka nkọwa onwe onye nke Windows Delaunay, jikọtara ya na otu ihe oyiyi a hụrụ na Italian Futurism.
Ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke Tunisia, ebe Macke mere njem na Eprel 1914 na Paul Klee na Louis Moilliet bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịmepụta ụzọ luminist nke oge ikpeazụ ya, n'oge ọ mepụtara usoro ọrụ ndị a na-ewere ugbu a dị ka ọrụ magburu onwe ya, dị ka ihe osise ya a ma ama Türkisches Café. Enwere ike ile ọrụ August Macke anya dị ka Expressionism (na German mbụ ya na-aga nke ọma n'etiti 1905 na 1925), yana dịka akụkụ nke Fauvism. Ihe osise ndị ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkọwa mmetụta na ọnọdụ uche karịa imepụta eziokwu ziri ezi, na-emekarị ka agba na ọdịdị gbagọọ agbagọ.

Ọrụ Macke dị mkpụmkpụ site na ọnwụ ya n'oge n'ọnwa nke abụọ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ n'ihu na Champagne, France, na 26 Septemba 1914. E liri ya na ili ozu ndị agha Germany na Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus .  Ihe osise ikpeazụ ya, Farewell, na-egosi ọnọdụ ọchịchịrị nke biri mgbe agha tiwapụrụ.

 Ihe osise ndị a họọrọ 


 Ihe nrite August Macke 
Ihe nrite August Macke, nke mbụ e nyere na 1959 site na mpaghara Arnsberg, Brilon, Olpe na Meschede, obodo a mụrụ August Macke na Germany.

 August-Macke-Haus 

August-Macke-Haus bụ ebe ngosi nka a raara nye August Macke nke e guzobere na 1991. Ọ dị n'ụlọ Macke n'oge gara aga na Bonn, ebe o biri site na 1911 ruo 1914.

 Ahịa nka 
Na 1997 Christie's auction, Macke's The Couple at a Garden Table (1914) rere maka £ 2 nde. Ahịa na Tunis'' (1914) rere maka £ 2.86 nde ($ 4.1 nde) na 2000.  N'ịbụ nke ụlọ Ernst Beyeler nyere, e rere In the Bazar (1914) nke onye na-ese ihe maka £ 3.96 nde - mgbe ahụ okpukpu anọ na ọkara nke atụmatụ dị elu - na Christie's na 2011.

 Edensibia 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations