Spitzer Space Telescope

The Spitzer Space Telescope, nke bụbu Space Infrared Telescope Facility ( SIRTF ), bụ teliskop oghere infrared ewepụtara na 2003. Ọrụ ọrịa na 30 January 2020. [1] [2] Spitzer bụ teliskop oghere nke atọ raara nye mbara igwe infrared, na-  esote IRAS (1983) na ISO (1995-1998).  Ọ bụ ụgbọ elu mbụ nke jiri orbit na-eso ụwa, nke Kepler planet-finder mechara jiri ya mee ihe.

. Oge ozi a zubere ga-abụ apụta 2.5 na , window egosi na ozi ahụ nwere ike ịgbatị awụ ise ma ọ bụ usoro ruo mgbe ọkọchị helium mmiri dị n'elu ụgbọ mmiri mmiri.  Nke a mere na 15 Mee 2009. [1] Enweghị helium mmiri mmiri iji mee ka teliskop dị ike ruo n'obere, dị mkpa iji ọrụ, a anaghị eji ọtụtụ ngwa eme ihe.  kamar, modul abụọ dị nke mmetụta IRAC gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'otu uche ahụ tupu ike gwụ helium, wee- na-eji ya na-abụ 2020 na Spitzer Warm Mission 

N'oge ozi na-ekpo ọkụ, ọwa abụọ dị isi nke IRAC na-arụ ọrụ na 28.7 K ma buru ihe na ọ ga-enwe obere akwụkwọ na ọnọdụ akụ a ma e jiri ya mama ọrụ aha.  A na-echekwa data Spitzer, site na nke mbụ na nke ọkụ, na Infrared Science Archive (IRSA).

N'ikwekọ n'ọdịnala NASA, a aha teliskop ahụ ka ọ rụchara ọrụ ya nke ọma, na 18 Disemba 2003.  ama anwụ anwụ, aha maka SIRTF sitere na ozi mepere emepe nsogbu na eze.  Asọmpi a mere ka a LCD teliskop aha maka mbara nke onye na-egosi igwe Lyman Spitzer, bụ onye kwalite echiche nke teliskop oghere na 1940. [1] Spitzer dere 1946 maka ụlọ ọrụ RAND na-achọta uru nke ụlọ ụlọ ụwa na 1940.  otu isi ike isi ya na dị iche ma ọ bụ na-enwe.  [2] [3] A na-enye maka egwu ọsụ ụzọ ya na rocketry na astronomy, yana "ọhụụ ya na onye ndu ya n'ịkọpụta uru na uru a ga-enweta site na ọmụmụ Telescope Space."

US$776 nde [1] Spitzer ewepụtara na 25 Ọgọst 2003 na 05:35:39 UTC sitere na Cape Canaveral SLC-17B n'ime rọketi Delta II 7920H.  [2] Edebere ya n'ime heliocentric (ma ụtare geocentric ) orbit trailing na nnafu site na mbara ụwa na gburugburu 0.1 mbara igwe igwe kwa afọ (ihe "Earth-trailing" orbit).

. Ngosipụta nke mbụ bụ 85 centimeters (33 na) na dayameta, f / 12, mere nke beryllium ma mee ka ọ dị mma na 5.5 K .  Satịla ahụ nwere ngwa atọ nyere ya nhọrọ ịme onyonyo mbara igwe na fotometry site na 3.6 ruo 160. micrometers, spectroscopy si 5.2 ruo 38 micrometers na spectrophotometry sitere na 55 ruo 95 micrometer

Ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ndị mbụ tụrụ anya ụgbọ elu ugboro ugboro na NASA Space Shuttle. Emepụtara usoro a n'oge a tụrụ anya na mmemme Shuttle ga-akwado ụgbọ elu kwa izu ruo ụbọchị 30. Amụma NASA nke Mee 1983 kọwara SIRTF dị ka ọrụ jikọtara ụgbọ ala, yana ibu ọrụ sayensị na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-atụ anya ụgbọ elu dị iche iche na mgbanwe nwere ike ịbụ n'ụdị ọrụ agbatịkwuru, ikekwe yana njikọta na ikpo okwu oghere ma ọ bụ ọdụ oghere n'ọdịnihu. SIRTF ga-abụ klaasị 1-mita, oyi na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ebe ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ nwere teliskop na ngwa ụgbọ elu nwere njikọ. A ga-ebido ya na Space Shuttle ma nọgide na-ejikọta ya na Shuttle dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ Spacelab n'oge nyocha nke mbara igwe, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a ga-eweghachi ya n'ụwa maka ndozigharị tupu ụgbọ elu ọzọ. A tụrụ anya na ụgbọ elu nke mbụ ga-eme ihe dịka 1990, ebe ụgbọ elu ga-aga nke ọma na-atụ anya na-amalite ihe dịka otu afọ ka e mesịrị. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ elu Spacelab-2 nọ na STS-51-F gosiri na gburugburu Shuttle adabaghị na teliskop infrared nọ n'ụgbọ n'ihi mmetọ sitere na oghere "unyi" jikọtara ya na orbiters. Ka ọ na-erule Septemba 1983, NASA na-atụle "ihe ga-ekwe omume ogologo oge [free-flyer] SIRTF mission".  

Spitzer bụ naanị otu n'ime Great Observatories nke Space Shuttle ewepụtaghị, dị ka e bu n'obi na mbụ.  . Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọdachi 1986 Challenger gasịrị, agbahapụla Shuttle-Centaur nke elu, bụ nke a ga-achọrọ itinye ya n'ime orbit ikpeazụ ya. Emegharịrị ọrụ a n'usoro nhazigharị n'ime afọ 1990, nke bụ isi n'ihi atụmatụ mmefu ego. Nke a butere ọrụ pere mpe mana ka nwere ikike zuru oke nke nwere ike iji obere ụgbọ ala Delta II nwere ike igba egbe.