Pseudoenzyme

Sidoenzaims bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke enzymes (na-abụkarị protein) nke na-enweghị ihe na-akpali akpali (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ), nke pụtara na ha na-arụ obere ma ọ bụ enweghị enzaim katalisis.  E kwenyere na a na-anọchite anya ha n'Ezinụlọ enzaim niile dị na alaeze nke ndụ, ebe ha nwere ihe mgbaàmà dị mkpa na ọrụ ikerisi nri ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-apụta ìhè ugbu a. Sidoenzaims na-aghọwanye ihe dị mkpa iji nyochaa, ọkachasị dịka nyocha bioinformatics nke genomes na-ekpughe ebe niile ha dị. Ọrụ nchịkwa ha dị mkpa na mgbe ụfọdụ ọrịa na-emetụta n'ụzọ ikerisi nri na nke mgbaàmà na-enyekwa ìhè ọhụrụ na ọrụ ndị na-abụghị nke enzaims na-arụ ọrụ, nke protein moonlighting, imeghari nke protein na ọrụ dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ (Protin munlaitin).   A na-atụkwa aro ụzọ ọhụrụ iji lekwasị anya ma kọwaa usoro mgbaàmà mkpụrụ ndụ site n'iji obere mkpụrụ ndụ na ọgwụ. Ihe ndị a na-enyocha nke ọma, na n'ezie pseudoenzymes a kacha ghọta n'ihe gbasara ọrụ mgbaàmà mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ma eleghị anya pseudokinases, pseudoproteases na pseudophosphatases. 'oge na-adịbeghị anya, pseudo-deubiquitylases amalitela ịghọ ihe a ma ama. [1] [2]

Ọdịiche dị na enzaim active and inactive homologues has been noted (and in some cases, understood when comparing catalytically active and inactive proteins residing in recognisable families) for some time at the sequence level, and some pseudoenzymes have also been referred to as 'prozymes' when they were analysed in protozoan parasites. The best studied pseudoenzymes reside amongst various key signalling superfamilies of enzymes, such as the proteases, the protein kinases, protein phosphatases and ubiquitin modifying enzymes. The role of pseudoenzymes as "pseudo scaffolds" has also been recognised  and pseudoenzymes are now beginning to be more thoroughly studied in terms of their biology and function, in large part because they are also interesting potential targets (or anti-targets) for drug design in the context of intracellular cellular signalling complexes.

 Ọmụmaatụ Klaasị 
KlasỌrụIhe Nlereanya PseudokinaseAllosteric regulation nke conventional protein kinaseSTRADα na-achịkwa ọrụ nke protein kinase, LKB1
JAK1-3 na TYK2 C-terminal tyrosine kinase domains na-achịkwa site na pseudokinase ha dị n'akụkụ KSR1/2 na-achịkọta ọrụ nke protein kinase, RafAllosteric regulation nke enzymes ndị ọzọVRK3 na-achịkwa ọrụ nke phosphatase, VHRPseudo-Histidine kinaseMpaghara mmekọrịta proteinCaulobacter DivL na-ejikọta onye na-achịkwa nzaghachi phosphorylated, DivK, na-enye ohere ka DivL na'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na-achịkọta kinase nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, CckAPseudophosphataseMgbochi nke nnweta phosphatase omenala na substrateEGG-4/EGG-5 na-ejikọta na phosphorylated activation loop nke kinase, MBK-2
STYX na-asọ mpi na DUSP4 maka ijikọ na ERK1/2Allosteric regulation nke phosphatases omenalaMTMR13 na-ejikọta ma na-akwalite ọrụ lipid phosphatase nke MTMR2Nchịkwa nke protein dị na mkpụrụ ndụSTYX na-arụ ọrụ dị ka arịlịka nuklia maka ERK1/2Nchịkwa nke njikọ dị mgbagwoju anyaSTYX na-ejikọta protein F-box, FBXW7, iji gbochie recruitment ya na SCF Ubiquitin ligase complexPseudoproteaseAllosteric regulator nke conventional proteasecFLIP na-ejikọta ma na-egbochi cysteine protease, Caspase-8, iji gbochie apoptosis extrinsicNchịkwa nke protein dị na mkpụrụ ndụMkpụrụ ndụ iRhom nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-ejikọta ma na-achịkwa ịzụ ahịa otu pas transmembrane protein na membrane plasma ma ọ bụ ER-associated degradation pathwayPseudodeubiquitinase (pseudoDUB) Allosteric regulator nke DUB nkịtịKIAA0157 dị oké mkpa maka ijikọ heterotetramer dị elu na DUB, BRCC36, na ọrụ DUBPseudoligase (pseudo-Ubiquitin E2) Allosteric regulator nke omenala E2 ligaseMms2 bụ ụdị ubiquitin E2 (UEV) nke na-ejikọta E2, Ubc13, iji duzie njikọ ubiquitin K63.Nchịkwa nke protein dị na mkpụrụ ndụTsg101 bụ akụkụ nke ESCRT-I na-ere ahịa mgbagwoju anya, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njikọ HIV-1 Gag na mmalite HIVPseudoligase (pseudo-Ubiquitin E3) Enwere ike ịchịkwa allosteric nke ezinụlọ RBR E3 ligaseBRcat na-achịkwa ụlọ interdomain na ezinụlọ RBR E3 Ubiquitin ligases, dị ka Parkin na Ariadne-1/2PseudonucleaseAllosteric regulator nke conventional nucleaseCPSF-100 bụ akụkụ nke pre-mRNA 3' njedebe nhazi mgbagwoju anya nwere onye ọrụ ibe ya, CPSF-73PseudoATPaseAllosteric regulator nke omenala ATPaseEccC nwere ngalaba pseudoATPase abụọ na-achịkwa ngalaba N-terminal ATPasePseudoGTPaseAllosteric regulator nke GTPase omenalaGTP-bound Rnd1 ma ọ bụ Rnd3/RhoE bind p190RhoGAP iji chịkwaa ọrụ catalytic nke GTPase, RhoAScaffold maka nchịkọta nke mgbaàmà mgbagwoju anyaMiD51, nke nwụrụ anwụ ma na-ejikọta GDP ma ọ bụ ADP, bụ akụkụ nke mgbagwoju anya nke na-ewe Drp1 iji mee ka mitochondrial fission. CENP-M enweghị ike ijikọta GTP ma ọ bụ gbanwee ọdịdị, mana ọ dị mkpa maka nucleating CENP - I, CENP, CENF-K obere GTPase mgbagwoju anya iji chịkwaa nzukọ kinetochoreNchịkwa nke protein dị na mkpụrụ ndụEbe etiti nke ìhè na-eko achịcha (LIC) bụ pseudoGTPase, na-enweghị njikọ nucleotide, nke na-ejikọta dynein motor na ibu. Human LIC na-ejikọta GDP karịa GTP, na-atụ aro na njikọta nucleotide nwere ike inye nkwụsi ike karịa ime ka usoro mgbanwe.PseudochitinaseNchịkọta ma ọ bụ njideYKL-39 na-ejikọta, mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ, chitooligosaccharides site na mpaghara 5 na-ejikarịPseudosialidaseScaffold maka nchịkọta nke mgbaàmà mgbagwoju anyaCyRPA nucleates nzukọ nke P. falciparum PfRh5/PfRipr complex nke na-ejikọta onye na-anabata erythrocyte, basigin, ma na-eme ka mwakpo nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-elekọta ya.Ọrịa ụghaAllosteric activation nke enzyme yiri yaProzyme heterodimerisation na S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) na-eme ka ọrụ catalytic 1000-foldPseudotransferaseAllosteric activation nke cell enzyme counterpartGAT nje na-ewebata PFAS cellular iji deaminate RIG-I ma gbochie nchebe nje. T. brucei deoxyhypusine synthase (TbDHS) paralog nwụrụ anwụ, DHSp, na-ejikọta ma na-eme ka DHSc >1000-ugboro.Pseudo-histone acetyl transferase (pseudoHAT) Ihe ndabere nwere ike ịbụ maka ijikọta ihe mgbagwoju anyaHuman O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enweghị ihe ndị fọdụrụ na acetyl CoA binding, n'adịghị ka ibe nje bacteriaPseudo-phospholipaseIhe ndabere nwere ike ịbụ maka ijikọta ihe mgbagwoju anyaFAM83 ezinụlọ protein ndị a na-eche na ha nwetara ọrụ ọhụrụ karịa ọrụ phospholipase D nke nna nna haAllosteric inactivation nke enzyme yiri yaViper phospholipase A2 inhibitor yiri protein mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ ọ na-elekwasị anya, phospholapase A2.Pseudo-oxidoreductaseAllosteric inactivation nke enzyme yiri yaALDH2*2 na-egbochi nchịkọta nke ibe ya na-arụ ọrụ, ALDH2 *1, n'ime tetramer.Pseudo-dismutaseAllosteric activation nke enzyme yiri yaCopper chaperone maka superoxide dismutase (CCS) na-ejikọta ma na-eme ka catalysis site na ibe ya nke enzyme, SOD1Pseudo-dihydroorotaseNchịkwa nkwonkwo ma ọ bụ nchịkọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke enzyme nkịtịA chọrọ Pseudomonas pDHO maka ma ọ bụ ịpịkọta aspartate transcarbamoylase catalytic subunit, ma ọ bụ nchịkọta ya n'ime oligomer na-arụ ọrụPseudo-RNaseIme ka nzukọ / nkwụsi ike dị mgbagwoju anya dị mfe na ịkwalite njikọ nke catalytic paralogKREPB4 nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ  ka pseudoenzyme iji mepụta ọkara noncatalytic nke RNase III heterodimer na endonuclease (s) [1]