Sankofa (ihe nkiri)

Sankofa (Amharic: ሳንኮፋ) bụ Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke ndị Etiopia mepụtara na 1993 nke Haile Gerima duziri na-elekwasị anya na Ahịa ohu nke Atlantic. Akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara Oyafunmike Ogunlano, Kofi Ghanaba, Mutabaruka, Alexandra Duah, na Afemo Omilami.  Sankofa nwetara ihe ọ pụtara site n'Asụsụ Akan Onye Ghana nke pụtara "ịlaghachi, chọọ, ma nweta amamihe, ike na olileanya," dị ka Dr. Anna Julia Cooper si kwuo. Okwu Sankofa na-emesi ike mkpa mmadụ anaghị agafe n'ebe dị anya site n'oge gara aga iji nwee ọganihu n'ọdịnihu. 'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-egosi Sankofa site na nnụnụ na abụ na ịgbà nke Divine Drummer. Ihe nkiri Gerima gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị ka ndị si n'Afrịka ghara ịpụ n'ebe dị anya site na mgbọrọgwụ Afrịka ha. Gerima jiri njem nke onye Mona iji gosipụta otu nghọta ndị Afrịka banyere njirimara si agụnye ịmata mgbọrọgwụ mmadụ na "ịlaghachi na isi iyi mmadụ" (Gerima).

 Atụmatụ 
Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere site na onye Divine Drummer, Sankofa (nke Kofi Ghanaba na-eme), na-akpọ ụbọ Fontomfrom na-abụ abụ "Mmụọ na-eduga nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ, bilie elu". Nke a bụ ụdị nkwurịta okwu ya na ndị nna nna nke ala Afrịka, ọkachasị Ghana. Ịkụ ọkpọ ya dị mkpa iji weghachite mmụọ nke ndị nna nna ya, ndị nwụrụ n'oge Maafa n'ụlọ. Akụkọ ahụ gara 'ihu na-egosi Mona (Oyafunmike Ogunlano), onye Africa-America nke oge a na foto na ụsọ oké osimiri nke Ghana.

Oge ahụ -ewere ọnọdụ na Cape Coast Castle ebe ọ na-agbaji n'ala ka onye na-ese foto na-agba ya ume iche na ya na igwefoto na-enwe mmekọahụ. Mona amaghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ n ohu dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka dị ka Ahịa ohu nke Cape Coast Castle [1] n'ihi na a hapụrụ ya na mgbọrọgwụ Africa ya ruo ogologo oge. Mgbe Mona nọ n'ụsọ osimiri na-eme ihe ngosi, ọ zutere agadi nwoke dị omimi Sankofa onye na-akpọ ụbọ na mmalite nke ihe nkiri ahụ.

Sankofa -echetara Mona ka ọ cheta ihe gara aga ma na-ekwusi ike na Cape Coast Castle, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ohu, bụ ebe dị nsọ, ka ọ na-akpọlite mmụọ nke ndị Afrịka ohu bụ ndị e ji agbụ ígwè si Cape Coast gaa Amerịka.  na-anwa igbochi ndị njem nleta ịbanye n'ụlọ ọrụ ohu a a ma ama. Mgbe Mona banyere n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị ohu, a na-ebughachi ya azụ n'oge ebe ọtụtụ ndị ohu Afrịka gbara ya gburugburu. Mona na-anwa ịgbapụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ohu ahụ ma ndị ahịa ohu Europe na-ezute ya bụ ndị ọ na-anwa iche echiche site n'ikwu na ọ nweere onwe ya. Ndị na-ere ahịa ohu anaghị elebara anya na nkwupụta Mona na-adọkpụ ya n'ọkụ ebe ha na-eyipụ uwe ya, ma jiri ígwè ọkụ na-ekpo ya.

Mona wee were ndụ nke onye na-eje ubi n'ụlọ aha ya bụ Shola "iji bie ndụ nke ndị nna nna ya bụ ndị ohu".  A kpọgara ya n'ugbo Lafayette na Southern United States ebe ndị nna ya ukwu na-emegbu ya ma na-abụkarị onye a na-edina n'ike. 'ugbo ahụ, Shola zutere Nunu (Alexandra Duah), onye ọrụ ubi a mụrụ n'Afrịka nke na-echeta "ụzọ ochie" ma bụrụ onye a kọwara dị ka "ohu nne siri ike nwere echiche nnupụisi"; [1] Noble Ali (Afemo Omilami), onye isi nwere iguzosi ike n'ihe dị iche n'etiti ndị nwe ya na ndị ohu ibe ya na onye hụrụ Nunu n'anya nke ukwuu ma jụ ikwe ka ihe ọ bụla mee ya; na Shango (Mutabaruka), ohu West Indian nke e rere ya na Lafeyettes'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a na-eme nsogbu.

A na-akpọ Shango aha chi Yoruba nke égbè eluigwe na àmụ̀mà, ma gosipụta iguzosi ike n'ihe nye ndị ohu ibe ya ruo n'ókè nke na ọ ga-etinye ndụ ya n'ihe ize ndụ.  nwere ọtụtụ oge ebe ọ na-etinye onwe ya na nsogbu maka ịnwa ịlụ ọgụ maka ohu ọzọ. Ọ na-emekarị omume nnupụisi dị ka ịnwa ime ka Shola tinye onye nlekọta ahụ nsí ma ọ bụ ọbụna belata mkpara shuga n'ihi iwe. Mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe mere na ọ gaghị agbapụ n'ugbo ahụ, ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ pụghị ịhapụ ndị ohu ibe ya n'azụ. Ma Nunu ma Shango na-eguzogide ma na-enupụ isi megide usoro ohu site n'ime ihe niile ha nwere ike iji nweta nnwere onwe. Shola hụrụ ka Nunu na Shango na-etinye aka na otu nzuzo nke nwere nzukọ n'abalị ma nwee ndị otu ndị ohu si n'ugbo Lafayette yana ubi ndị ọzọ. Òtù:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list mbụ, Shola na-ekwu na ya enweghị ike itinye onwe ya n'òtù nzuzo n'ihi nkwenkwe Ndị Kraịst. Ndị ohu nke ọha mmadụ ahụ niile kpebiri ime nnupụisi nke hapụrụ ụyọkọ ala okpete n'ime ntụ.

Nunu na nwa ya nwoke nke agbụrụ ngwakọta, Joe, na-alụ ọgụ, onye nwoke ọcha nke dinara Nunu n'ike n'ụgbọ ohu. E meela Joe (Nick Medley) ka ọ bụrụ ohu isi ma na-edekarị ndị ohu ndị ọzọ aka ná ntị iji mee ka nna ya ukwu nwee obi ụtọ. Joe leghaara onye Afrịka  anya kpamkpam ma were onwe ya dị ka onye ọcha Christian nwoke.  Raphel (Reginald Carter) na-agbanye ya ụbụrụ nke na-akụziri Joe na ndị Afrịka nọ n'ugbo ahụ, gụnyere nne ya, bụ ndị na-efe ekwensu nakwa na Joe enweghị ike ịmekọrịta ha. Joe mechara gbuo nne ya, Nunu, n'ihi na o kwenyere na o nwere mmụọ ọjọọ. O mechara chọpụta na omume ya na-eme ka mmadụ daa mbà nakwa na o nweghị ihe mere ọ ga-eji gbaghara onwe ya. Mgbe Nunu nwụsịrị, ụfọdụ kwenyere na ọ nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ụlọ na nku nnụnụ, nke pụtara na ọchịchọ ya dị omimi ịlaghachi Africa mechara mezuo.

'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, Shola ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee site n'ịbụ ohu na-erube isi gaa na onye na-enweta ikike nnupụisi mgbe Shango nyere ya nnụnụ Sankofa. Nnụnụ ahụ bụbu nke nna Shango ma Shango kpebiri inyefe ya Shola mgbe a pịrị ya ihe maka ịnwa ịgba ọsọ. 'ịbụ onye mkpebi siri ike nke Nunu na Shango iji mebie usoro ahụ kpaliri, Shola sonyeere ha n'ịlụ ọgụ megide ndị nna ya ukwu na nnupụisi ebe ọ megwara onye na-edina ya n'ike ma gbuo ya. Mgbe nnwale  gasịrị, Shola laghachiri ugbu a dị ka Mona, na-ama nke ọma banyere mgbọrọgwụ Africa ya. Otu nwanyị -asị "Nwa m, nabata ya" na-ekele ya ma na-agafe onye na-ese foto nke na-anọchite anya ọchịchị na ọdịda anyanwụ. Mona na-enwu gbaa ugbu a ma na-adọrọ mmasị site na ụda abụ Sankofa na drum Africa ya. Ọ sonyeere otu ndị isi ojii bụ ndị mụtakwara ihe Sankofa pụtara n'ezie ma na-ejikọghachi na mgbọrọgwụ ha. Nunu si n'ụlọ ohu ahụ pụta mgbe Mona nọ n'ọhụụ ma na-ebe ákwá nke ọṅụ.  ọ dị ugbu a, Sankofa the Divine Drummer na-akpọ ụbọ ya, na-eti mkpu, sị: "Mmụọ na-ebute ụzọ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ, bilie ma nwee mmụọ zuru ohi nke ndị e zuru n'Africa. " Ihe nkiri ahụ [1] na-ejedebe na nnụnụ na-efe n'elu n'eluigwe na-egosi nnwere onwe ikpeazụ nke ndị chọtara ezi ihe okwu ahụ "Sankofa" pụtara ma jikọtaghachi na oge gara aga ha.

 Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri 

 Sankofa, Kofi Ghanaba
 Mona/Shola, Oyafunmike Ogunlano
 Nunu, Alexandra Duah
 Joe, Nick Medley
 Shango, Mutabaruka
 Afemo Omilami
 Reggie Carter
 Mzuri
 Jimmy Lee Savage
 Hasinatu Camara
 Jim Faircloth
 Stanley Michelson
 John A. Mason
 Louise Reid
 Roger Doctor
 Alditz McKenzie
 Crispin Rigby
 Maxwell Parris
 Hossana Ghanaba

 Mmeghachi omume 
Sankofa meriri nnukwu ihe nrite  African Cinema Festival na Ịtali na Best Cinematography na FESPACO Pan-African Film Festival na Burkina Faso.

 na-edepụta ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri 500 dị mkpa iji zụlite nnukwu ụtọ na Cinema site n'aka ndị prọfesọ nke Film Studies na Mahadum Harvard, n'okpuru isiokwu "ihe nkiri kachasị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri ụwa, 1980-2000."

"Ndị na-ege ntị nabatara ihe nkiri ahụ nke ukwuu, nke ihe nkiri awa abụọ a kpaliri m nke ukwuu. " (William Beik, July 1994) 

"Ihe nkiri abụ na nke zuru ezu nke Haile Gerima na-ewe ndị na-ege ya ntị n'ime ndụ na uche ya dị ka a na-ama omume ọma ya aka ma gbanwee. Ọ dịghị onye na-ekiri ya nwere ike izere ajụjụ ndị na-enye nsogbu nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-ewelite nke ọma. "

"Gerima a mụrụ n'Etiopia, nke a maara nke ọma maka "Bush Mama" - onyinyo ya nke 1976 nke nwanyị dara ogbenye bi na Watts - ewetawo ụdị pụrụ iche na iwu na-enweghị isi ma na-enwekarị ikike nke onye na-ajụ ya iji chee egwu nke ịgba ohu na ihe ọ pụtara na-adịgide adịgide ihu, ikekwe dịka ọ dịghị onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọzọ nwere. "

"Sankofa (1993) bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali akpali banyere Maafa, Oké Mgbukpọ nke Africa. Ihe nkiri a bara ọgaranya na-egosi ịgba ohu site n'echiche nke a jụrụ ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii, akụkọ ihe mere e ji mara ha. Ọ na-enyocha isiokwu nke enweghị njirimara na ịmara agbụrụ; ịkwanyere ùgwù na ịlaghachi na mgbọrọgwụ nna anyị; na ịmata njikọ dị n'etiti ndị si n'Afrịka bi n'ụwa niile. "

"N'ụzọ doro anya, Gerima bu n'obi ka Sankofa gbasaa ókèala nke nnọchiteanya ndị isi ojii n'ụzọ ndị gụnyere ihe oyiyi dịgasị iche iche, nke dị adị, na nke na-enye ike ma, n'aka nke ya, mee ka ndị na-ege ntị ojii hụ onwe ha n'ụzọ ọhụrụ ndị gbara alụkwaghịm site na ihe oyiyi ndị dị mkpa. "

 Nhọpụta 
A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka Golden Bear na 43rd Berlin International Film Festival . 

 A tọhapụrụ ya ọzọ 
N'afọ 2021, ARRAY dezigharịrị ihe nkiri ahụ na 4K na obere ihe nkiri ma wepụta ya na Netflix na Septemba 24, 2021.  Ọ nwere mwepụta mbụ ya na LA na DuVernay's Array Creative Campus.   [citation needed]

 Hụkwa 

 Echiche Africano maka ọdịnihu
 Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri na-egosi ịgba ohu
 Afrofuturism na ihe nkiri

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Pamela Woolford, PDF "Filming Slavery: A Conversation with Haile Gerima" Transition, No. 64.  (1994), peeji nke 90-104. 

 Edensibia 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sankofa

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations