Asụsụ Xhosa

Xhosa (/ˈkɔːsə/ KAW-sə, //'kOʊsə// KOH-sə;   okwu Xhosa: [kʹhóːsa]), nke a na-asụbu Xosa ma mara ya site na aha obodo isiXhosa, bụ asụsụ Nguni na otu n'ime Asụsụ gọọmentị nke South Africa na Zimbabwe.  Ihe  ka nde mmadụ iri na-asụ Xhosa dị ka asụsụ mbụ na nde mmadụ iri ọzọ na-asọpụta Xhosa dị iche iche dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na South Africa, ọkachasị na Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape na Gauteng, nakwa n'akụkụ Zimbabwe na Lesotho. See  nwere ma eleghị anya ọrụ kachasị arọ nke ụdaume pịa n'asụsụ Bantu (ihe dịka ejikọtara ya na Yeyi), na otu ọnụ ọgụgụ na-achọpụta na 10% nke ihe ndị bụ isi nwere pịa. [1]

 Nchịkọta 
Xhosa  akụkụ nke alaka Asụsụ Nguni, nke gụnyere Zulu, Southern Ndebele na Northern Ndebele, nke a na-akpọ asụsụ Zunda. Asụsụ Zunda na-eme ka asụsụ dị iche iche dị iche iche na-aghọta ibe ha.

Xhosa bụ, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, ihe a na-aghọta na Zulu na asụsụ Nguni ndị ọzọ ruo n'ókè dị ala.  Nguni, n'aka nke ya, na-ahazi n'okpuru nnukwu abstraction nke Asụsụ Bantu.

 Ebe a na-ekesa ya 
  < 1 /km2   1-3 /km2  3-10 /km2  10-30 /km2  30-100 /km2  100-300 /km2  300-1000 /km2  1000-3000 /km2  > 3000 /km2   
Xhosa . UCLA Language Materials Project. Archived from  on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2006. asụsụ Afrịka a kacha ekesa na South Africa, ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Afrịka kachasị asụ bụ Zulu. Ọ bụ asụsụ nke abụọ a na-ahụkarị na South Africa n'ozuzu ya.  ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 5.3 na-asụ Xhosa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha, bi na Eastern Cape, Western Cape (ihe dị ka nde 1), Gauteng (671,045), Free State (246,192), KwaZulu-Natal (219,826), North West (214,461), Mpumalanga (46,553), Northern Cape (51,228), na Limpopo (14,225). [1]    nwere obere Zimbabwe#Xhosa" id="mwaA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Languages of Zimbabwe">Obodo Xhosa ma dị mkpa nke ihe dị ka 200,000 na Zimbabwe. , obere obodo nke ndị na-asụ Xhosa (18,000) bi na Quthing District, Lesotho.

 Orthography 

 Ihe odide Latịn 
Asụsụ Xhosa na-eji mkpụrụedemede 26 sitere na mkpụrụedemede Latin; ụfọdụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede ahụ nwere ịkpọpụta dị iche iche site na Bekee. A na-ede ụdaume ndị otu n'ime mkpụrụedemede 26 na-anọchite anya ha dị ka ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede. , nrụgide, na ogologo ụdaume bụ akụkụ nke asụsụ mana anaghị egosi ya n'ụzọ ederede.

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 

 Mkpụrụedemede 
Xho<i id="mwiQ">a nwere ndepụta nke ụdau iri: [a], , ,  na  edere a, e, i, o na u n'usoro, ha niile na-apụta ma ogologo dị mkpirikpi.  /i/ dị ogologo na nkeji okwu nke abụọ ma dị mkpirikpi na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ.
+Mkpụrụ okwu ụdaume XhosaN'ihuỊlaghachi azụdị mkpirikpiogologo ogedị mkpirikpiogologo ogeN'akụkụi-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdịiː__ibo__ Ihe omuma di iche icheỌdịdịu bụ na-agụ__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Spanish"Ọdịdịuː ỌdịdịN'etitiỌ bụ n'ihi ya__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdịeː.Ihe omuma ahuỌdịdịỌ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akọNkọwaỌdịdịoː OːIhe a na-akpọ yaỌdịdịEmeghen'ihi yaIhe omuma di icheỌdịdịaːIhe omuma di icheỌdịdị

 Ụda ụda 

 Mkpụrụ okwu 
Xhosa bara ọgaranya na ụdaume ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. E wezụga ụda na-esi n'akpa ume apụta, nke a na-ahụ n'asụsụ niile a na-asụ, ọ nwere usoro nkwụsịtụ na-akwụsị akwụsị. 

Ọ nwere ụdaume iri na asatọ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere, Juń'hoan, nke a na-asụ na Botswana" id="mw6g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Botswana">Botswana na Namibia, nwere iri anọ na asatọ, na Taa, nke nwere ihe dịka puku mmadụ anọ na-asụrụ ya na Botswana, nwere iri asatọ na atọ). E nwere usoro nke Mkpịsị ezé isii, nke mkpụrụedemede ahụ na-anọchite anya ya, nke yiri ụda nke "tut-tut" ma ọ bụ "tsk-tsk" na-anọchi anya ya n'asụsụ Bekee; usoro nke mkpụsị ezé dị n'akụkụ isii, nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-egosi, nke yiri nke a na-eji akpọ ịnyịnya; na usoro nke mkpọsị alveolar, nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ na-ese okwu ahụ, nke na-anọchiri anya ya, na-ada ka cork si na karama.

Tebụl na-esonụ depụtara ụdaume nke asụsụ ahụ, na ịkpọpụta na IPA n'aka ekpe na orthography n'aka nri:
LabialDental/AlveolarPost-<br id="mwAQE"><br>alveolarVelarGlottalcentrallateralcentrallateralClicktenuis/ejective   aspirated   slack voice   nasal   slack-voice nasal   prenasalized tenuis/ejective   Plosivetenuis/ejective    6aspirated    slack voice    implosive Affricateejective     5aspirated   slack voice 3 Fricativevoiceless      slack voice    2  Nasalfully voiced    slack voice    4Liquidfully voiced 1 breathy voiced 1 Semivowelfully voiced  slack voice  
A na-ekwupụta ụdaolu, plosives na affricates, na ụdaume na-esonụ maka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà okwu. Nke ahụ bụ, a pụrụ ịkpọpụta  [dɦaʹ] (ma ọ bụ, n'otu aka ahụ, [dʹaʹa]). A na-akọwa ha nke ọma dị ka ndị na-adịghị ekwuru okwu karịa ka ndị na'ikuku. A na-ekwupụta ha n'ezie naanị mgbe imi gasịrị, mana mkpuchi ọnụ dị mkpirikpi na nkwụsịtụ, ọ naghị emekarị ma ọlị na clicks. Ya mere, oge zuru oke nke ikwupụta bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka na tenuis stops.  (A pụkwara ikwupụta ha n'etiti ụdaume n'ụdị okwu ụfọdụ.) Ihe a ma ama bụ mmetụta ha na-eme ka ụdaume ahụ daa mbà. 

 Onyenwe anyị, gọzie Africa;
 Ka mpi ya bulie elu;
 Gee ekpere anyị
 Onyenwe anyị, gọzie anyị, ezinụlọ ya (, ezinụlọ Afrịka).

Sontonga na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ mechara dee stanzas ndị ọzọ, a sụgharịrị amaokwu mbụ ahụ n'asụsụ Sotho na Afrikaans, yana Bekee.

 N'omenala a ma ama 
N'ime Eze ọdụm na reboot ya, Rafiki na-abụ abụ na Xhosa.

Na ihe nkiri Marvel Cinematic Universe Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther, Avengers: Infinity War, Avengers - Endgame, na Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, asụsụ a na-asụ na mba Africa nke Wakanda bụ Xhosa. Nke a mere n'ihi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa bụ John Kani, onye obodo Eastern Cape nke na-eme Wakandan King T'Chaka, na-asụ Xhosa ma na-atụ aro ka ndị nduzi nke Agha Obodo na-emeghị eme tinye mkparịta ụka n'asụsụ ahụ.  Black Panther, onye nduzi Ryan Coogler "chọrọ ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe kachasị mkpa iji Xhosa mee ihe dịka o kwere mee" na edemede ahụ, ma nye ndị nkuzi asụsụ maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ.

 Hụkwa 


 I'solezwe lesiXhosa, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke asụsụ Xhosa
 [./U-<i id= Carmen]_eKhayelitsha" id="mwBh0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="U-Carmen eKhayelitsha">U-Carmen eKhayelitsha, ihe nkiri Xhosa nke 2005 nke Bizet's Carmen
 UCLA Language Materials Project, ọrụ ịntanetị maka ịkụzi asụsụ, gụnyere Xhosa.
 Kalenda Xhosa

 Ihe edeturu 
.

 Edensibia 
na'ikuku. A na-ekwupụta ha n'ezie naanị mgbe imi gasịrị, mana mkpuchi ọnụ dị mkpirikpi na nkwụsịtụ, ọ naghị emekarị ma ọlị na clicks. Ya mere, oge zuru oke nke ikwupụta bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka na tenuis stops. (A pụkwara ikwupụta ha n'etiti ụdaume n'ụdị okwu ụfọdụ

 Njikọ mpụga 


 Nkọwa asụsụ Xhosa (na UCLA Language Materials Project)
 PanAfrican L10n peeji na Xhosa
 Mụta Xhosa
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Xhosa dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
 Paradisec nwere nchịkọta nke ihe Arthur Capell (AC1), nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Xhosa
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations