Fred Zinnemann

Alfred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 - March 14, 1997) bụ onye Austria-America <ref name="rzenews">/onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. O meriri Ihe nrite Academy Awards anọ maka iduzi na imepụta ihe nkiri n'ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ihe egwu, ọdịda anyanwụ, ihe nkiri noir na egwuregwu. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Europe tupu ọ kwaga US, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na mkpirikpi tupu o mee ihe nkiri iri abụọ na ise n'oge ọrụ afọ iri ise ya.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nduzi mbụ na-ekwusi ike na iji ezigbo ebe na iji ngwakọta kpakpando na ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara na-eme ihe nkiri iji mee ka ihe nkiri ya bụrụ ihe dị adị. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike maka itinye onwe ya n'ihe ize ndụ ma si otú ahụ mepụta ihe nkiri pụrụ iche, ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ya bụ ihe nkiri banyere ndị mmadụ na-anọ naanị ha na ndị nwere ụkpụrụ nke ihe omume ọdachi nwalere. Dị ka otu ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo, ụdị Zinnemann gosipụtara echiche ya nke "echiche nke uche na mkpebi siri ike ya ime foto bara uru nke na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu.

N'etiti ihe nkiri ya bụ The Search (1948), The Men (1950), High Noon (1952), From Here to Eternity (1953), Oklahoma!  (1955), The Nun's Story (1959), The Sundowners (1960), A Man For All Seasons (1966), The Day of the Jackal (1973), na Julia (1977). Ihe nkiri ya enwetala nhọpụta Oscar iri isii na ise, merie iri; a họpụtara Zinnemann n'onwe ya maka iri, ma merie Onye nduzi kacha mma maka From Here to Eternity (1953), ihe nkiri kacha mma na onye nduzi kachasị mma maka A Man for All Seasons (1966), na Best Documentary, Short Subjects maka Benjy (1951).

Zinnemann duziri ma webata ọtụtụ kpakpando na ihe nkiri mbụ ha na US, gụnyere Marlon Brando, Rod Steiger, Pier Angeli, Julie Harris, Brandon deWilde, Montgomery Clift, Shirley Jones na Meryl Streep. Ọ duziri ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iri na itoolu na nhọpụta Oscar, gụnyere Frank Sinatra, Montgomery Clift, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper na Maximilian Schell.

 Oge ọ malitere 

 mụrụ Zinnemann na Rzeszów, "Fred Zinnemann will return to Rzeszów. In August for an extraordinary film festival". rzeszow-news. July 12, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.   nwa Anna (Feiwel) na Oskar Zinnemann, onye dọkịta. the London telegraph: "The music behind Hollywood's golden age – As the Proms pays tribute to Hollywood's golden age, Tim Robey looks at the composers who redefined the film score" By Tim Robey.  Hillstrom, Laurie Collier.  nna ya bụ ndị Juu Austria. O nwere otu nwanne nwoke nke obere. 

Zinnemann tolitere na Vienna n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, n'oge ọtụtụ n'ime ha nna ya na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka agha na ndị agha Austro-Hungarian na Eastern Front. Zinnemann mechara cheta  Fred Zinnemann (1992), A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography, Charles Scribner Sons.  ahụmahụ agha ya na-echegbu ya nke ukwuu ma na-arịa ọrịa nrọ ọjọọ mgbe niile.

Mgbe ọ na-etolite na First Austrian Republic, nke e guzobere dị ka ala nke Alaeze Ukwu dara ada na 1918 na nke o mechara kọwaa dị ka, "obere, meriri, mba dara ogbenye",  Fred Zinnemann (1992), A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography, Charles Scribner Sons.  Zinnemann chọrọ ịghọ onye na-agụ egwú, mana ọ gara n'ihu gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Vienna na 1927. Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. 

Mgbe ọ na-amụ iwu, ọ malitere ịmasị ihe nkiri ma mee ka ndị mụrụ ya kwenye ka ha hapụ ya ka ọ mụọ mmepụta ihe nkiri na Third French Republic. Mgbe Hillstrom, Laurie Collier.  gụsịrị akwụkwọ otu afọ na Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie na Paris, Zinnemann ghọrọ Onye na-ese foto ma chọta ọrụ na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri a na-eme na Babelsberg Studio na Berlin, n'oge Weimar Republic, tupu ọ kwaga United States. Nne na nna Zinnemann abụọ, bụ ndị o mechara kọwaa dị ka ndị na-achọsi ụbọchị ndị eze Habsburg ike ike, laghachiri Poland mgbe Anschluss gasịrị ebe ndị Germany mechara gbuo ha n'oge Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ. Ruo mgbe Nolletti, Arthur, ed.  nwụrụ, Zimmerman na ha na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi, ha niile dere na Polish.: 86 

 Ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi 

 Ọrụ mmalite 
Zinnemann rụrụ ọrụ na Germany na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-amalite (Billy Wilder na Robert Siodmak sokwa ya rụọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri People on Sunday nke 1929) mgbe ọ gụsịrị ihe nkiri na France. Mmasị ya maka eziokwu na izi ezi pụtara ìhè na ihe ngosi mbụ ya The Wave (1936), nke a gbara na Mexico na ọtụtụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara na-eme ihe nkiri n'etiti ndị obodo ahụ, nke bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ mbụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ihe nkiri akụkọ. Hillstrom, Laurie Collier.  mbido afọ iri, n'ezie, Zinnemann so onye na-ede akwụkwọ Robert Flaherty rụọ ọrụ, "ma eleghị anya, ọ bụ onye kachasị nwee mmetụta n'ọrụ m dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri", ka o kwuru.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịbendị nka nke Germany masịrị ya, na ihe nkiri ya, egwu na ihe nkiri, ọ makwaara na mba ahụ nọ na nnukwu nsogbu akụ na ụba. Ọ bịara nwee nkụda mmụọ na Berlin mgbe ọ nọgidere na-ahụ mmebi anya na okomoko dị n'akụkụ enweghị ọrụ. Ndị ọgaranya na-aga n'aka nri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ogbenye n'aka ekpe. "Ọ dịla anya mmetụta uche amalitela iwepụ uche", ka o kwuru.:: 16  N'ihi mgbanwe nke ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana eziokwu ahụ bụ na Ihe nkiri na-ada ụda abịala na Europe, nke na-akwadoghị iji mepụta nke ha, mmepụta ihe nkiri na Europe niile belatara nke ukwuu. ;">[1], onye dị naanị afọ iri abụọ na otu n'oge ahụ, nwetara ikike nne na nna ya ịga America ebe o nwere olileanya na ohere ime ihe nkiri ga-akawanye ukwuu. : 16 

 Edensibia 
Norma Barzman). Ọ zutere Barzman na UCLA; ha abụọ arụkọwo ọrụ n'ọrụ dị iche iche ruo ọtụtụ afọ, site na edemede ihe nkiri ruo na mmepụta na iduzi Norma Barzman). Ọ zutere Barzman na UCLA; ha abụọ arụkọwo ọrụ n'ọrụ dị iche iche ruo ọtụtụ afọ, site na edemede ihe nkiri ruo na mmepụta na iduzi 

 Njikọ mpụga 



 Akwụkwọ banyere Fred Zinnemann
 Akwụkwọ Fred Zinnemann, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
 Fred Zinnemann (n'asụsụ German) site na ebe nchekwa ihe ochie nke Österreichische Mediathek
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations