Asụsụ Laro

LaroA mụrụ ya SudanÓgbèUgwu NubaAgbụrụLaroNdị na-asụ asụsụ ala40,000 (2010)Laro at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Ezinụlọ asụsụNiger-Congo? 

 Atlantic-Congo
 Talodi-Heiban
 Heiban
 Central Heiban
 Laro-Ebang
 LaroKoodu asụsụISO 639-3lroGlottologlaro1243ELPLaroframelessA na-ahazi Laro dị ka nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerAtlas nke Asụsụ Ụwa Na-anọ n'Ihe Iche Ndụ
Laro, nke a na-akpọkwa Laru, Aaleira, Ngwullaro, Yillaro, bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo n'ezinụlọ Heiban nke a na'Ugwu Nuba na Kordofan, Sudan.

Obodo nta ndị a bụ Oya, Rodong (Hajar Medani), Hajar Baco, Gunisaia, Serif, Tondly, Reli, Lagau (Serfinila), Getaw (Hajar Tiya), na Orme (Ando) (Ethnologue, mbipụta nke 22).

"Laru [lro] bụ asụsụ Niger-Kordofanian n'ime otu Heiban (Schadeberg 1981) nke gụnyere asụsụ Heiban, Moro, Otoro, Kwalib, Tira, Hadra, na Shoai. Asụsụ atọ bụ Yilaru, Yïdündïlï na Yogo'romany. Abụọ ikpeazụ dị nso na asụsụ agbata obi nke Kwalib. "

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 
Mkpụrụ okwu
Mkpụrụ okwu Mkpụrụ okwuBialbialezé ezéalveolarire ụtọVelaregbugbere ọnụ na-eme ka ọ dị mmaplositives na-enweghị olupt2t3ck (kw) okwu mkpubd4Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a ga-ejiɟɡọ (gw) imimnɲŋ (ŋw) plosives a na-eme tupu ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunyemnɲŋw) (ŋ) ndị na-eru nsowljflapỌdịdịtrillr

 Mkpụrụ okwu 
Ntinye ụdaumeaɡ-ɲɛ̀n → ɡˈɪɲɛ̀n'Nkịta CM'bɡ-bəu → ɡˈbəu'igwe ojii nke CM'cɡ-ɛn → ɡɛn'Ugwu CM'
(Vowel Insertion in Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3) 

Laru nwere usoro ụdaume asatọ. A na-egosi ụdaume abụọ na Tebụl, ebe [ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ] bụ [-ATR] na [i ə u] bụ [+ATR]. (Abdalla 2015:2) 

 Vowel Elision 
Ihe omume asụsụ a na-akpọ "vowel elision" n'asụsụ a na-amụ. Elivishọn ụdaume na-eme mgbe a na-ejikọta ụdaume abụọ ọnụ site na ntinye, nke pụtara ịgbakwunye prefix ma ọ bụ suffix na okwu.Asụsụ ahụ anaghị ekwe ka usoro ụdaume, nke pụtara na ụdaume abụọ enweghị ike ịpụta n'akụkụ ibe ha n'otu okwu. Iji gbochie usoro ụdaume abụọ, a na-ewepụ nke mbụ n'ime ụdaume abụọ ahụ, nke pụtara na a na-ehichapụ ya ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na okwu ahụ.

Ihe Nlereanya: Vowel Elision:

a. daʹɪ - ala → daʹala 'n'elu osisi'

b. ɡʊlʊ - ala → ɡʊlala 'n'elu mgbidi'

(Abdalla 2015: 3) 

 Asụsụ 

 Ebe obibi 
Ebe obibiEbe obibiNkọwaIhe ọ pụtara -ala'n'elu'n'elu ala -alu'na.ọkwa'n'ala -anʊ'n'okpuru, n'ime'n'okpuru ala, n'imeNkwupụta'gburugburu'gburugburu ala
(Locatives na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3) 

 Locatives -ala na -alʊ na-akọwa ọnọdụ n'elu na n'ala, n'otu n'otu.
 Locative -anʊ na-egosi ịnọ n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe.
 Nkọwapụta na-egosi ọnọdụ gburugburu ala.
 Ebe ndị a na-enye ụzọ iji gosipụta ma ghọta mmekọrịta na ebe n'ime asụsụ.

 Aha na klas 
Aha na klasKlasIhe ịrịba ama klasAsụsụỌtụtụNkọwaMpaghara Semantic1-2d-/ŋw-Diịloŋwùɟìonyennukwu ihe3-4l-/ŋw-N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ihe nkiriŋwə̀blə̀ndíégbèihe ndị gbara oghere, ihe ndị gbara gburugburu5-6ɡ-/j-ɡìɟìjìɟìnwaobere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ihe dị nkọ7j-Yawmmirimmiri, ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya8-9 -0/-ŋəN'ihi yaMọnknne nneokwu mmekọrịta
(Nkọwa aha na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 4) 

Asụsụ Laru na-eji usoro klas aha dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere klas itoolu, na-ekewa aha n'ime mpaghara ise dị iche iche, dịka akọwapụtara na Tebụl 4. A na-ahọpụta klas abụọ mbụ maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, osisi, na anụmanụ. Na-aga na klas nke atọ na nke anọ, a na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị a na-akọwa dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọ bụ echiche ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'ikpeazụ, klas nke asatọ na nke itoolu na-etinye aka na aha mmekọrịta, gụnyere nnọchiaha na okwu ndị metụtara ikwu. (Abdalla 2015: 4) 

 Edensibia 
dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọAbdalla Kuku, Nabil (2012), Laru vowel harmony. Akwụkwọ oge ụfọdụ na ọmụmụ nke Asụsụ Sudan 10:17-35.

Abdalla Kuku, Nabil (2015), Laru Locatives. Akwụkwọ ndị na-ede mgbe ụfọdụ na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Sudan 11:1-16.

Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1981), A Survey of Kordofanian Mpịakọta 1: The Heiban Group. Helmut Buske: Hamburg.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Laru (Laro) isi okwu na Global Lexicostatistical Database

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations