Asụsụ ụsụ

ỤkparaBatsba MoṭṭბაცბატტA mụrụ ya Ebe Ugwu CaucasusÓgbèZemo-Alvani na KakhetiNdị na-asụ asụsụ ala (500 e depụtara na 1997) "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-17. na-erughị 3,000 na-arụ ọrụ (2007) Ezinụlọ asụsụEbe Ugwu Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Caucasus
 Nakh
 ỤkparaUsoro ide iheIhe odide Georgian"Batsbi alphabet, pronunciation and language". Koodu asụsụISO 639-3bblGlottologbats1242ELPBatsbiIsiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu IPA. Enweghị nkwado nsụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA.
Bats (Batsbur Mott' ma ọ bụ Batsba Moṭṭ, kwa Batsi, Batsbi, Batsb, Batsaw, ma ọ bụ Tsova-Tush) bụ asụsụ dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ndị Bats, otu ndị pere mpe nke North Caucasian. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ezinụlọ Nakh nke Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Caucasus. Ọ nwere ndị ọkà okwu 2,500 ruo 3,000 na 1975.

E nwere naanị otu olumba. Ọ dị naanị dị ka asụsụ a na-asụ, ebe ọ bụ na ndị Bat na-eji Georgian dị ka asụsụ ha na-ede. Asụsụ ahụ anaghị aghọta ma ọ bụ Chechen ma ọ bụ Ingush, ndị ọzọ abụọ so n'ezinụlọ Nakh.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Tusheti, mpaghara ugwu ugwu nke Georgia, bụ ebe obibi nke agbụrụ anọ na-ewere onwe ha dị ka Ndị Tusheti: Batsbi (nke a makwaara dị ka Tsovatush), Gometsari, Piriqiti, na Chagma-Tush. Ndị Tsovatush mejupụtara 50% nke ndị Tushetians. Naanị ọtụtụ narị ndị Tsovatush na-asụ Bats, ebe agbụrụ ndị ọzọ (Gometsari, Piriqiti na Chagma-Tush) efunahụla asụsụ ahụ. Ihe akaebe sitere na toponymics na-egosi na agbụrụ atọ ndị ọzọ nke Tushetian na-asụbu Bats, na-atụ aro na ndị Tusheti niile mere otu ugboro ma ka oge na-aga asụsụ Georgian dochie Bats. 

Ala ugwu ahụ chebere ọdịbendị na ọdịnala nke ndị Tushetians, mana akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iche iche na-eme ka o sie ike ide ha dịka naanị ihe ndekọ ole na ole dị.

 Nchịkọta 
Bats bụ nke ezinụlọ Nakh nke Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Caucasus.

 Ebe a na-ekesa ya 
Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Bats bi n'obodo nta Zemo-Alvani, na Kakhetia Plain, na Akhmeta Municipality nke Georgia. E nwere ụfọdụ ezinụlọ Bats na Tbilisi na obodo ndị ọzọ buru ibu na Georgia.

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 

 Mkpụrụedemede 
Bats nwere u triangular ise nwere ọdịiche dị mkpirikpi (ma e wezụga u, nke na-enweghị ọdịdị dị ogologo). Eeie nwekwara ọtụtụ diphthongs, ei, ui, oi, ai, ou, na au. Mkpụrụedemede n diphthongs niile nwere allophones nasalized nke bụ nsonaazụ nke usoro phonetic na morphophonemic; nke a na-anọchite anya superscript n, dị ka na kʼnaten boy-GEN.
N'ihuỊlaghachi azụElui, iːuN'etitieːna [ɛ], naːo [ɔ], oːAla Dị Alaa, aː

 Mkpụrụ okwu 
Bats nwere ndepụta nke ụdaume maka asụsụ North East Caucasian. N'adịghị ka ndị ikwu ya, Chechen na Ingush, Bats ejigidewo fricative n'akụkụ /ɬ/. Ihe ọzọ  ịrịba ama bụ ọnụnọ nke geminate ejectives abụọ, tːʼ na qːʼ, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe n'asụsụ.

 Ide ihe 

 Tebụl ntụnyere ederede 
Schifner, 1856Imnaishvili, 1977Kadagidze, 1984Mikeladze, 2012Desheriev, 1953Chrelashvili, 1999IPAGeorgiantranscriptionLatintranscriptionGeorgiantranscriptionLatintranscriptionGeorgiantranscriptionLatintranscriptionaაaაaა, ⁀აA a, ⁀A ⁀aааǍ ǎ, âа͏̆а͏̆āāĀ āа̄а̄ā̄აჼaⁿაჼaⁿაჼ, ⁀აჼÃ ã, ⁀Ã ⁀ãа̃а̃Ā̃ ā̃bბbბbბB bббgგgგgგG gггdდdდdდD dддeეeეeეE eе, эе⁀Ē ē, ⁀Ē ⁀ēе̄ĕĕě, êе͏̆е͏̆ეჼeⁿეჼeⁿეჼẼ ẽе̃е̃Ē̃ ē̃wვvვvვV vввzზzზzზZ zззṫთtთtთT tттთთttთჾtჾთჾtჾттттiიiიiი, ⁀იI i, ⁀I ⁀iииĪ īӣӣĭĭîи͏̆и͏̆იჼiⁿიჼiⁿიჼĨ ĩи̃и̃Ī̃ ī̃kკḳკḳკḲ ḳкӀкӀlლlლlლL lллლლllლჾlჾლჾlჾллллl͓ლʻlʻლʻlʻლʻlʻлълъmმmმmმM mммnნnნnნN nннjჲjჲjჲJ jййჲჼj̇̃oოoოoო, ⁀ოO o, ⁀O ⁀oооŌ ōо̄о̄ō̄ŏŏǒ, ôо͏̆о͏̆ოჼoⁿოჼoⁿოჼÕ õо̃о̃Ō̃ ō̃pპp̣პp̣პP̣ p̣пӀпӀżჟžჟžჟŽ žжжrრrრrრR rррრʻrʻრʻrʻsსsსsსS sссსსssსჾsჾსჾsჾссссtტṭტṭტṬ ṭтӀтӀტტṭṭტჾṭჾტჾṭჾтӀтӀтӀтӀuუuუuუ, ⁀უU u, ⁀U ⁀uууŪ ūӯŭŭǓ ǔ, ûу͏̆у͏̆უჼuⁿუჼuⁿუჼ, ⁀უჼŨ ũ, ⁀Ũ ⁀ũу̃у̃ṗფpფpფP pппk̇ქkქkქK kккġღɣღɣღƔ ɣгӀгӀqყq̣ყq̣ყQ̣ q̣къкъყყq̣q̣ყჾq̣ჾყჾq̣ჾкъкъкъкъṡშšშšშŠ šшшშჾšჾċჩčჩčჩČ čччcცcცcცC cццʒძʒძʒძƷ ʒдздзc̣წc̣წc̣წC̣ c̣цӀцӀċ̣ჭč̣ჭč̣ჭČ̣ č̣чӀчӀxხxხxხX xххხხxxხჾxჾხჾxჾххххqჴqჴqჴQ qкхкхჴჴqqჴჾqჾჴჾqჾккхкхкхʒ̇ჯǯჯǯჯǮ ǯджджx̣ჰhჰhჰH hхӀхӀḥჰჾhჾჰ⁊h⁊ჰ⁊H⁊ h⁊/Ⱨ ⱨхьхьჵꞷჵჵꞷӀъӀъʼʻʻჺʻჺ/عʻӀӀ—ʼʼჸʼჸʼʼъ———————ф——w——————
AkaraOtuỌtụtụNkọwaNdị otuMvbụmụ nwokemar "di" "onye ọzụzụ atụrụ" voħ "nwa"Fjdụmụ nwanyị ụmụ mmadụNanị "nne" pstʼu "nwunye" joħ "nwa nwanyị"Ddddị iche ichebader "nwa" kʼuit"ĭ "nkịta" dokʼ "obi" ditx "anụ"BdbdỤmụ anụmanụcarkʼ "ezé" Maiqĭ "achịcha" qʼar "mmiri ozuzo"Jjjdị iche iche"nkịta" "Bear" matx "anyanwụ"*Bd/Jbjakụkụ ahụ (15 aha) 'bark"' "mkpu" binkʼ "anya" čʼqʼempʼŏ "olu"*D/Jdjakụkụ ahụ (4 aha) batʼr "egbugbere ọnụ", larkʼ "ntị" tʼotʼ "aka", čʼamaǧ "cheek"*B/Bbbnaanị aha atọborag "ụgbọ akpụkpọ ụkwụ" čekam "ụgbọ" kakam "ụgbọ ajị anụ"
N'okpuru nyocha a, klas atọ ndị ọzọ bụ ihe atụ nke okike na-ajụ ajụjụ, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe na-egosipụta omume a ezughi ezu iji mepụta otu onwe ya. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịkọwa ha dị ka ịgbanwere otu klas n'otu, na nke ọzọ n'ọtụtụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu B / B kwenyere dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ nke klas Bd n'otu mana ụmụ nwoke n'ọtụtụ.

 Akụkọ aha 
Batsbi na-eji okwu aha itoolu eme ihe, ọ bụ ezie na n'ọtụtụ aha, okwu ergative na nke instrumental nwere otu ụdị.
IkpeOtuỌtụtụOtuỌtụtụAhanekʼnekʼicocoacocʼliMkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketanekʼennnekʼanncock'lencocʼlanIhe oririnekʼennekʼincock'lencocklinEgwú, EgwúNgwá Ọrụnek'evnekʼivcock'levcoc'livIkpe ịkpọtụrụnek'exnek'axcokʼlexcokʼlaxỊnwere nwa aranekʼegŏnekʼigŏcok'legŏcok'ligŏOkwu mmegidenekʼeǧnekʼiǧcockleǧcokʼliǧIkpe mkparịta ụkan, nekʼecinnekʼicinncokʼlecincoc'licin"mpu""Nkịta ọhịa"

 Ọnụ ọgụgụ 
Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikwu ya, ọnụọgụ Bats bụ vigesimal, na-eji 20 dị ka ntọala nkịtị. Nke Holisky, Dee Ann and Gagua, Rusudan, 1994.  pụtara ìhè karịsịa n'ịrụ decads dị elu, nke mere na 40 (__nue____nue____inue____n____nue__) sitere na 2 × 20 na 200 (icʼatʼqʼ) sitere na 10 × 20. Mgbe ị na-agbanwe aha, nọmba ahụ na-esote aha ọ na-agbanwere.

Na Bats, D ka ndị ikwu ya kacha nso Chechen na Ingush, ọnụọgụ anọ (Dizivʔ) na-amalite site na akara aha, nke D na-anọchite anya ya (site na ndabara, ma ọ bụ mkpụrụedemede ọzọ maka klas ndị ọzọ). Ihe ịrịba ama a ga-ekwekọrịta na klas nke aha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-agbanwe, ọbụlagodi na aha ahụ anaghị egosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya ma na-apụta ìhè site na ihe omume ma ọ bụ okwu, dịka na Vīvʔev (nne). A na-ahụ nke a n'okwu nke anọ n'onwe ya yana ihe ndị sitere na ya.

 Ngwaa 
Bats nwere ntụgharị doro anya maka agentivity nke ngwaa; ọ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti "" (M dara n'enweghị mmejọ nke m) na "so woʒe "M dara ma ọ bụ mmejọ nke onwe m).

 Edensibia 
nke okike na-ajụ ajụjụ, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe na-egosipụta omume a ezughi ezu iji mepụta otu onwe ya. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịkọwa ha dị ka ịgbanwere otu klas n'otu, na nke ọzọ n'ọtụtụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu B / B kwenyere dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ nke klas Bd n'otu mana ụmụ 

 Njikọ mpụga 


 Akwụkwọ uhie nke ndị mmadụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Russia: Ụkpara
 Asụsụ nke Akụkọ Ụwa E debere  Wayback Machine
 Okwu ndị bụ isi nke ụsụ na Global Lexicostatistical Database

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations