Asụsụ Ila

Ila (Chiila) bụ asụsụ nke Zambia. Maho (2009) depụtara Lundwe (Shukulumbwe) na Sala dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya na Ila. Ila bụ otu n'ime asụsụ nke Ụwa gụnyere na Voyager Golden Record .  

 Orthography 
Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968.

 ch n'ezie dịgasị iche site na "k" gaa na "adịghị ike" nke Bekee "ch", gaa na "ike" "ch" gaa na ""ty".   [tober 2021)>]
 j dị ka ụda olu kwekọrọ na nke a ya mere dịgasị iche "g" / Bekee "j" / "dy" / na "y".   [</span>]
 A na-akọ na v bụ ụda olu /v/ dị ka n'asụsụ Bekee, na vh otu labialised na aspirated /vwh/ ("egbugbere ọnụ gbara gburugburu na ikuku dị iche iche").
 zh bụ ụdaolu post-alveolar fricative /ʒ/; French dị ka bonjour.
 e.g. D.V.Perrott, Teach Yourself Swahili, English Universities Press, London, 1969.ng bụ ụda olu na-esote ụda olu, /ŋg/ dị ka RP English "mkpịsị aka", ebe ng' bụ ụda olu /ŋ/ dị ka "onye na-abụ abụ" - a na-ahụ ọdịiche yiri nke ahụ na Swahili.

 Mkpịsị egbugbere ọnụ na mkpuchi ọnụ 
Didier Demolin & Cédric Patin, "Phonetics". In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Bantu Languages. (1928) kọwara ọtụtụ ụdaume abụọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe na Ila n'onwe ya, Kafue Twa na Lundwe.

Na Ila n'onwe ya, /hɣ*, h̰ɣ*, ɦɣ*/ bụ "glittering fricatives nke iku na-agafe n'olu na nnukwu friction, a na-agbanwekwa ya site na ịtụba ya na-enweghị ezé The Ila had the custom of knocking out the six upper central teeth of adults. The pronunciation of these sounds by children with teeth, however, is very close to that of the adults. na n'ime egbugbere ọnụ elu, na-akpata frication na-esote n'ebe ahụ. ... A na-edebe ire ahụ n'ọnọdụ ụdaumezu velar dị ka [u] ya mere ha nwere u-, nke a na-ahụ anya mgbe ejiri ya na frication ọ bụla ọzọ karịa [com]. Doke sụgharịrị ụda ndị a n'ụzọ dị mfe.

Lundwe na Kafwe Twa nwere fricative palato-glottal . "A na-emepụta ụda a na ọnọdụ ire yiri nke Ila  mana na-enwe nnukwu mkpakọ olu n'olu n'otu oge ahụ. "

 Ụda olu na nrụgide 
A na-egosipụta ụda site n'ichepụta aze na ụda dị elu na nkeji okwu mbụ (= "ya na ya") na aze na ụda olu dị elu na mkpụrụ okwu nke abụọ (= "ya onwe ya kwa"). Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968.

 Okwu na ahịrịokwu ụfọdụ 

 Ing'anda - ụlọ
 imboni - pupil nke anya
 ipeezhyo - brush;broom
 indimi - ire
 lemeka - nsọpụrụ (okwu) 
 bamba - ịhazi
 Bamambila - ha na-eme ndokwa maka m
 Balanumba - ha na-eto m
 Cheta Buzani - anụ a
 Bobu mbuzani - nke a bụ anụ
 Cheeta - iji mee, a na-eji otu ihe ahụ eme ihe iji pụta 'Enweghị m ihe ọ bụla'
 chisha - ime
 Katal - ike gwụrụ gị
 katazhya - iji mee ka ike gwụ
 ukatazhya-ajụ izipu; ụkọ
 N'anya - Ahụrụ m gị n'anya
 Tulumba-Ekele
 impongo - ewu Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968.

 Ntụnyere ụfọdụ 

 Ila: Ishizhyi - dimness; Sotho: lefifi - ọchịchịrị; Xhosa: "ubufifi" - dimness); Nyanja: chimfifi - nzuzo;

Bemba: IMFIFI - ọchịchịrị; Kisanga: mfinshi - ọchịchịa; na Bulu (Ewondo): "dibi" - ọchịchukwu.

 Ideophones ma ọ bụ okwu iṅomi 
Okwu n'asụsụ Bekee dịka "Splash!", "Gurgle", "Ker-putt" na-egosipụta echiche n'ejighị ahịrịokwu. Smith na Dale Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968. na-ekwu na ụdị okwu a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ Ila:

Gị!Ị nwere ike ịsị Ndamuchina anshi ("M na-atụba ya n'ala"), mana ọ dị mfe ma dị egwu ikwu naanị Ti!Smith & Dale, volume 2, page 293., ọ pụtakwara otu ihe ahụ.

Ihe atụ ụfọdụ:

 Muntu wawa - Otu Onye wawa
 Wawa mba - na-ada n'isi
 Mba! - Ọ dara n'isi
 Mbo! Mboo! Mboo! mbò! - (nke nwere ụda olu dị ala na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ) Ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ daa
 Mbwa! - na-ada, dị ka n'oche
 Wa! wa! wa! wa!- Mmiri ozuzo na-agbanwe
 Pididi! pididi! pididi! - nke mbe, na-ada site na nnukwu elu
 Ndamuchina anshi - M tụba ya n'ala
 Gị! - okwu
 Gị! - dọkara adọka, dọkara adọrọ
 Amana te! - Okwu ahụ agwụla
 To-o! - Ọ dị nnọọ n'udo!
 Wi! - Ihe niile dị jụụ
 Ọ bụghị! - Ihe niile dị jụụ
 Tuh! - égbè na-agbapụ
 Pi! - Phew, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ!
 Lee! - Yuck, ọ dị ilu!
 Lee! - Erh, ọ dị ilu!
 Lee! - Yum, dị ụtọ!
 Mbi! - Ọ gbara ọchịchịrị
 Mbi! Ọdachi! Ọdachi! Ọdachi! - Ọ gbara ọchịchịrị kpamkpam
 Sekwè sekwè! - nnụnụ na-efe efe
 nachisekwe - nko

 Ndepụta klas 
Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ, Ila na-eji usoro aha aha. Ma usoro ahụ dị ka Smith na Dale gosipụtara Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968. dị mfe karịa nke Nyanja, Thomas Price, The Elements of Nyanja for English-Speaking Students, Church of Scotland Mission, Blantyre (Malawi), 1959. ChiChewa, ChiChewa Intensive Language Course, Language Centre, Lilongwe, 1969 Tonga, C.R.Hopwood, A Practical Introduction to ChiTonga, Zambia Educational Publishing House, Lusaka, 1940, 1992. ma ọ bụ Bemba, Grammar notes in Rev. E. Hoch, Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Bemba: Bemba - English, English - Bemba, Hippocrene Books, Inc., New York, 1998. ma ọ bụ ndị dere ya ejirila ụdị "akwụkwọ ozi dị mkpa" mee ihe na mgbagwoju anya:

 Klas 1. otu: prefix: mu-; s/l.  (= ngwaa "akwụkwọ ozi pụtara ìhè", adjective, wdg. prefix kwesịrị ekwesị maka klas:) u-, w-
 Klas 1. ọtụtụ. prefix: ba-; s/l. b-
 Klas 2. na-abụ abụ. prefix: mu-; s/l. u-, w-
 Klas 2. pl. prefix: mi-; s/l. i-, y-
 Klas nke 3. na-abụ abụ. prefix: i-, di-; s/l. l-, d-
 Klas nke 3. pl. prefix: ma-'; s/l. a-
 Klas 4. na-abụ abụ. prefix: bu- abstract aha; s/l. b- Klas 4. pl. prefix: ma-'; s/l. a-
 Klas 5. na-abụ abụ. prefix: ku- mgbe mgbe aha ebe; s / l. k-
 Klas 5. pl. prefix: ma-'; s/l. a-
 Klas 6. na-abụ abụ. prefix: ka- nwere obere ihe; s/l. k- Klas 6. ị-. prefix: tu- obere otutu; s/l. t- Klas nke 7. na-abụ abụ. prefix: chi- "ihe" klas; s/l. ch- Klas nke 7. pl. prefix: shi-; s/l. sh- Klas 8. na-abụ abụ. prefix: in-; s/l. i-, y- Klas 8. pl. prefix: in-; s/l. y-, sh- Klas 9. na-abụ abụ. prefix: lu-; s/l. l- Klas 9. pl. prefix: in-; s/l. y-, sh- Klas 10. na-abụ abụ. prefix: lu-; s/l. l- Klas 10. pl. prefix: ma-'; s/l. a-

 mu- - na-ezu ike n'ime, na-aga n'ime;
 ku- - ọnọdụ na, gaa, site na
 a- - zuru ike, gaa ma ọ bụ site na (Tụlee pa- prefix na Sanga, wdg.Mukanda wa Leza (The Bible in KiSanga/Sanga, southern Congo D.R.), Trintarian Bible Society, London SW19, 1991.Lyndon Harries, A Grammar of Mwera Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 1950. ) 

Ya mere:

 Mung'anda mulashia - N'ime ụlọ ahụ gbara ọchịchịrị.
 Kung'anda kulashia - Ọ gbara ọchịchịrị gburugburu ụlọ ahụ.
 Ang'anda alashia - Ọchịchịrị dị n'elu ụlọ.

 Usoro ngwaa Ila 
mgbọrọgwụ bụ akụkụ nke ngwaa na-enye ihe bụ isi ọ pụtara. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye prefixes na suffixes na nke a: enwere ike ijikọta ọtụtụ ihe n'ụzọ a, mgbe ụfọdụ na-emepụta okwu ngwaa polysyllabic dị ogologo ma dị mgbagwoju anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na mgbọrọgwụ anga, "ịke", anyị nwere ike inweta ụdị dị ka Tamuna kubaangulwila anzhyi? nke pụtara, "Gịnị mere na ị ka na-agbagọghị ha?"

Prefixes nwere ike igosi:

 oge
 isiokwu
 ihe
 olu (nke pụrụ iche) 

Suffixes nwere ike igosi:

 olu
 oge (nke pụrụ iche) 
 ọnọdụ uche

Nke a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ngwaa kubona, "ịhụ".  (Rịba ama na e nwekwara ụdị ndị na-adịghị mma, dịka ta-tu-boni, "anyị anaghị ahụ", na e nwekwara ọnọdụ subjunctive, ọnọdụ nwere ọnọdụ, ọnọdụ dị mma na ihe dị mkpa. Ọtụtụ ụdị subjunctive na-agwụ na -e.

mgbọrọgwụ nke ngwaa dị n'ụdị abụọ:

 (i) ogwe osisi dị mfe: bona: koodu - SS 
 (ii) ogwe osisi gbanwere agbanwe: bwene: koodu 
 -S.S. anyị (onye) hụrụ
 -[[tubwene anyị (onye) ahụla
 -A-SS twabona anyị hụrụ, lee, ahụla
 -A-CHI-SS twachibona anyị na-aga n'ihu na-ahụ
 -A-YA-BU-SS twayabubona anyị na-ahụ
 -DI-MU-KU-SS tudmukubona anyị na-ahụ
 -CHI-SS tuchibona anyị ka na-ahụ
 -LA-SS tulabona anyị na-ahụ mgbe niile (na-emekarị, n'ezie) 
 -LA-YA-BU-SS tulayabubona anyị na-ahụ
 -LA-YA-KU-SS tulayakubona anyị na-ahụkarị
 -DI-tulibwene anyị ahụla
 -CHI-Xibwene anyị anọwo na-ahụ
 -A-KA-SS twakabona anyị hụrụ
 -A-KA-CHI-SS twakachibona anyị nọgidere na-ahụ
 -A-KA-YA-BU-SS tWakayabubona anyị na-ahụ
 KA-SS Katubona (Rịba ama ọnọdụ gị ebe a) anyị hụrụ
 KA-ā katubwene anyị hụrụ
 -A-KU-SS tWakubona anyị na-ahụ
 -A-KU-CHI-SS anyị nọgidere na-ahụ
 -A-KU-YA-BU-SS Tzuyabubona anyị na-ahụ
 -A-KU-twakubwene anyị hụrụ
 -KA-LA-SS tukalabona anyị ga-ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya
 -KA-LA-CHI-SS tukalachibona anyị ga-anọgide na-ahụ
 -KA-LA-YA-BU-SS tukalayabubona anyị ga-etinye aka na ịhụ

Nsụgharị Bekee ndị dị n'elu bụ ihe atụ.

Ụfọdụ nsonaazụ na-agbakwunye akụkụ ọhụrụ nke ihe ọ pụtara na mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a na-agbaso ụfọdụ ezi uche, anyị ga-enwekwa mmetụta maka ntụgharị zuru oke n'asụsụ Bekee ma ọ bụ asụsụ ọ bụla ọzọ:

 ngwaa dị mfe: bona - iji hụ
 ụdị ma ọ bụ ụdị: -ila, -ela, -ina, -ena: bonena - ịhụ, maka onye, na ihe ndị ọzọ
 gbasaa onye ikwu: ilila, -elela, -inina, enena: bonenena - ịhụ, maka onye, wdg. ililila - ịga ozugbo
 ihe kpatara ya: -ya + ọtụtụ mgbanwe ụda: chisha - ime, site na Cheeta - ime
 nwere ike, "- nwere ike": -ika, -eka: chitika - nwere ike ime
 passive: -wa: chitwa - ka eme
 n'etiti (ụdị reflexive nke na-arụ ọrụ n'elu onwe ya - tụnyere Grik): -uka: anduka - ịnọ n'ọnọdụ nkewa, site na andulwa- ka onye ọ bụla kewaa
 kwụ ọtọ; naanị na ihe owuwu kwụ ọtọ: -ama: lulama - ka ọ kwụ ọtọ; kotama - ka a kpọọ isi ala
 sara mbara: -ula: sandula' - tụgharịa; andula - kewaa
 nke dị ukwuu, na mmetụta nke "ịnọgide na-eme": -aula: andaula - na-egbupụ nkụ
 nke yiri prefix Bekee "re-": -ulUla: ululula - ịzụ ahịa ihe ugboro ugboro, site na ula - ịzụ ahịa
 ma ọ bụ ihe yiri nke Bekee prefix "un-", kwa: -ulula: ambulula - to indica, to retract
 reflexive - prefix n'oge a - di-:pa id="mwAZM" typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> __wol____wol____wol__ - kee onwe gị, site na anga - gaa na tie; dipa - inye ibe gị, site n'aka pa - gaa na
 n'ụzọ ọzọ: -ana: bonana - ịhụ ibe ya
 siri ike: -isha: angisha - iji kee ya nke ọma
 reduplicative: ambuka'''"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAZw" title="Ila-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">ambukambuka - nọgide na-atụgharị n'akụkụ, site na ambuka - tụgharịa n'akụkụ

Enwere ike iji ihe ndị Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968. mee ihe na ihe ndị mejupụtara: dịka langilizhya - iji mee ka a na-ele anya n'aha.

 Akwụkwọ ndị e dere n'ọnụ 
Ihe odide nke Smith na Dale nyere, Edwin Smith & Andrew Murray Dale, The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia, 1919, reprinted by University Books Inc., New York, 1968. Sulwe Mbwakatizha Muzovu ("Olee otu Maazị Hare si tụọ Maazị Elephant egwu") gosipụtara ihe a ga-akpọ "fabliau nke oge ochie", na ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu dị ka ndị mmadụ, dịka na akụkọ ifo nke Aesop ma ọ bụ akụkọ Brer Rabbit na African Diaspora. Joel Chandler Harris, Uncle Remus, or , Mr. Fox, Mr. Rabbit, and Mr. Terrapin, George Routledge, London, circa 1888. Ọ bụ ihe na-eju anya ịhụ ihe nlereanya maka onye ọjọọ, onye nwere ọgụgụ isi Brer Rabbit na Sulwe''' nke akụkọ a? Hugh Thomas, The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave trade 1440-1870, Picador, London, 1997. page 706: "From...Ambriz and Benguela...500,000 slaves were probably shipped during the...era 1800-1830;...and...over 600,000 may have been shipped after 1830..."Smith & Dale, volume 1, page 39. yiri ka e jidere ndị ohu a kara aka maka ndịda United States ma zụta ha n'ógbè a nke Zambia. Enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ohere ọnụ ọgụgụ na usoro Brer Rabbit, site na iji ideophones ma ọ bụ ụda, nwere mmalite n'asụsụ Ila.

 Akwụkwọ 
Smith, Edwin William & Dale, Andrew Murray, Ndị na-asụ Ila nke Northern Rhodesia''. Macmillan na Company, London, 1920.

 Edensibia 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Dorothea Lehmann, Folktales from Zambia: Ihe odide n'asụsụ isii nke Africa na n'asụsụ Bekee, Lubuto Library Special Collections, nwetara na Mee 4, 2014.
 Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Ila
 Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Sala

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