Asụsụ Tarama

Asụsụ Tarama bụ asụsụ ndị Japan a na-asụ n'àgwàetiti Tarama na Minna fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ndị mmadụ na-ebighị na ya, abụọ n'ime Agwaetiti Miyako nke Japan. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Miyakoan, mana nghọta dị ala. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị ndị agadi na-asụ ya.

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 

 Mkpụrụedemede 
Tarama nwere ụdaume anọ bụ isi, na ụdaume atọ dị n'akụkụ  dị na okwu ndị a kpaara ókè. 
+Mkpụrụedemede TaramaN'ihuCentralỊlaghachi azụN'akụkụiỌdịdịuN'etitina (e)  (ə)  (o) Emeghea
 bụ  n'etiti ụdaume na-enweghị olu, ma ọ bụghị ya  mgbe plosives gasịrị, na [ɨ] n'ebe ọzọ:

 [ps̩tu] 'onye',  'acha odo odo',  'aka nri'

 , ,, **lɨ/ anaghị eme.  agbanweela , , na .

 Mkpụrụ okwu 
Tarama kwuru na ọ kwụsịrị:
+Mkpụrụ okwu TaramaAkpụkpọ ahụAlveolarVelarỤgbọ imiPlosiveAfricateIhe na-esiri ikeRhotic__ibo____ibo__ ỌdịdịNkọwaỌdịdịIhe atụ
'l' bụ retroflex lateral flap, nke a na-ahụkwa n'Asụsụ Irabu (Jarosz p. 43).  na-apụta dị ka mkpụrụedemede codas, dị ka paịl 'to grow' (Japanese haeru), psks 'to pull' (Japanish hiku). 

Anụ abụọ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ syllabic, dịka na mm 'poteto' na Nna 'ụdọ'. 'Onsets' gụnyere ụdaume geminate, dị ka na ssam 'efu' na faub 'nwa'. Ma ọ bụghị ya, naanị ụyọkọ ụdaume bụ /Cj/, dịka na kjuu 'today', sjata 'sugar'. Sonorants nwere ike ịm mkpụrụedemede na okwu, dịka na kan 'crab', mim 'ear', na tul 'bird'. Usoro ụdaume gụnyere ụdaume ogologo Vː na 'diphthongs' Vi, na Vɨ. A na-enyocha usoro a dị ka mkpụrụedemede, mana ụdaume geminate mbụ, ụdaume ogologo na diphthongs niile bụ bimoraic, na codas bụkwa moraic, nke mere na dịka ssam bụ moras atọ (. Okwu phonological ga-abụrịrị ogologo abụọ.

 Orthography 
+Orthography nke Tarama/a//i/[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]/u//e//o//ə//ja//ju//jo//Ø/あ /a/ [a]Ihe omuma /i/ [i]z[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]Kanji /u/ [u]え /e/ [e]お /o/o]エ /ə/ [ə]Oh /ya/ [ja]ゆ /yu/ [ju]Ha / m / [jo]/k/[ka]き /ki/ [ki]s[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]??? /ku/け /ke/ [ke]あ /ko/[Kụ]き!! /kya/ [kja]きゅ /kyu/ [kju]き__wol____wol____wol__ /kyo/ [kjo]/g/Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri /ga/ぎ /gi/ [gi]Grik / gz]ぐ /gu/ [gu]Nlaghachi /ge/Nchịkọta /go/Ogwe /gə/N'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka ị na-eme ihe n'oge na-adịghị anyaぎゅ /gyu/ [gju]N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ "gyo"/s/[ya]desu ぃ /si/ [si]desu /Sɨ]desu / ya/Ji /se/N'ime /so/ [so]desuェ /sə//dz/N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ihe nkiriN'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụlọ mkpọrọN'oge a na-adịghị anyaN'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"oge ahụ ka a na-eme yaỌ bụ ihe a na-eme n'oge aNtinye /dzə/ [dzə]/sh/N'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ "Kie"し /shi/ [ɕi]し /ゅshu/ [ɕu][ɕe]紅衣 / sho/ [ɕo]/j/Ihe kpatara ya bụじ /ji/ [nke]じゅ /ju/じ委 /je/ [nke]N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ/z/ズ宜 /za/ [za]ズぃ /zi/ [zi]Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ /ju/ [zu]ズ委 /ze/ [ze]ズ cat /zo/ [zo]/t/A na-akpọ ya /taぃ /ti/ [ti]N'ihi ya, ị ga-enwe ikeN'elu /te/[na]/d/Nkwupụta /da/Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ mgbe a ga-ejiOnye na-agụ akwụkwọ ikikeYa /de/Ọ ga-abụ /do//ch/Ugboro /cha/ [tɕa]ち /chi/ [tɕi]つ /chön/ [tɕɨ]ちゅ /chu/ [tɕu]ち委 /che/ [tɕe]N'ihu /cho/ [tɕo]つェ /chə/ [tsə]/n/Tian /na [na]Ugboro / ugboroMgbapụta /nu/ [nu]ね /ne/ [ne]の / Mba/ [Mba]N'ihi ya, ị ga-asị na ị ga-abụ na ị ga na-abụ naN'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị mmaN'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụlọ/h/は /ha/ [ha]Capitol /hi/Onye isi ala /hu/Ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-abụ na ọ gaỌ bụ ya ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ ya kaN'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụlọ mkpọrọ ka a na-akpọ "Hea"Capitol /ゅhyu/ [hju]Nchịkọta /hyo/ [hjo]/p/N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ "pa"Egwuregwu /pi/ [pi]Akara ndị e dere n'asぷ /pu/ [pu]N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịKodo / po/ [po]Akara /pə/ [pə]N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'oge a.Ịkụ /ゅpyu/ [pju]Ịkpọ anụ / pyo/ [pjo]/b/Ọ bụ onye na-eto eto /baび /bi/ [bi]Akụkọ ihe mere eme<z id="mwAlc"/>ぶ /bu/ [bu]Ihe na-eme ka a mara yaInterior /bo/ [bo]Oge ezumike /bə/び!! /bya/ [bja]びゅ /byu/ [bju]び__wol____wol____wol__ /byo/ [bjo]/m/Mkpụrụ /maみ /mi/ [mi]ミ゚む /mu/ [mu]め /me/ [m]Ọ bụ n'oge ochie ka a na-akpọミ゚ェ /mə/ [mə]N'ihi na ị chọrọ ka ị hụ na ị chọrọみ /ゅmyu/ [mju]N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ "myo"/f/A na-eji /fa/ [fa]N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ga-eji eji eme iheN'ihi na ha na-enwetụbeghịN'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ga-eji ejiji eme iheIhe omuma nke mbu /fe/Ojiji a na-akpọ /foNnukwu nnụnụ/v/A na-akpọ /va/ [va]ヴぃ /vi/ [vi][Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]ヴ授 /vu/ [vu]ヴ委 /ve/ [ve]ヴ cat /vo/ [vo]Ọ bụ mgbe niile ka a ga-eji na-eme ihe/ʋ/Ntinye aha / Ntinye[ʋo]/r/*__ibo__ Nkwado /ra/ [ɾa]り /ri/ [ɾi]Rị /ru/ [ɾu]Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ka a ghara ime iheろ /ro/ [ɾo]!! /rya/ [ɾja]り /ゅryu/ [ɾju]__wol__ /ryo/ [ɾjo]ん /N/ [n,ŋ]ム /M/ [m]ヴ /V/ [v]Akara na-adịghị mmaー /ː/ [ː]っ (ọgwụgwụ) /ʔ/ [ʔ]っ /Q/ [k, g, s, dz, ɕ, d, tɕ, b, p, f]

 Edensibia 
ụyọkọ asụsụ Chadic a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa n'ebeebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ Gombe Steeti na Borno Steeti. Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms) (2006) kwenyere na Pidlimdi (Hinna) dialect bụ asụsụ dị icụyọkọ asụsụ Chadic a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa n'ebeebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ Gombe Steeti na Borno Steeti. Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms) (2006) kwenyere na Pidlimdi (Hinna) dialect bụ asụsụ dị iche.he.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu asụsụ Miyako, Okinawa Center of Language Study
 Aleksandra Jarosz, Nikolay Nevskiy's Miyakoan dictionary (PhD dissertation on Nikolai Nevsky's draft manuscript dictionary of Miyakoan) 

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