Olivia Ward Bush

'Olivia Ward Bush-Banks''' (née Olivia Ward; February 27, 1869 - April 8, 1944) bụ onye edemede America, onye na-ede uri na onye nta akụkọ nke Afrikan-Amerikan na Montaukett Nwa amaala Amerika. Ward mere emume ihe nketa ya abụọ na uri na ederede ya. Ọ bụ onye na-enye onyinye mgbe niile na magazin Amerika agba ma dee kọlụm maka New Rochelle, New York mbipụta, Westchester Record-Courier.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
 mụrụ ya na Febụwarị 27, 1869, na Sag Harbor, Long Island, New York, Ward bụ nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke Eliza Draper na Abraham Ward, nne ya bụ onye agbụrụ Afrika-Amerika na Montaukett, nna ya bụ onye Portuguese, East Indian, na African. Nne Ward nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu, nna ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Providence, Rhode Island. Mgbe nna  lụrụ di ọzọ n'ebe ahụ, o nyere nwanne nne ya nwanyị Maria Draper Olivia maka nlekọta, onye zụlitere Olivia dị ka nke ya. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Providence, ma mụọ nọọsụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.  malitekwara inwe mmasị na ihe nkiri na uri.

 Alụmdi na nwunye na ezinụlọ 
N'afọ 1889, Ward lụrụ Frank Bush.  na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Rosamund na Maria. Mgbe Ward  Bush gbara alụkwaghịm n'ihe dị ka 1895, Ward kwadoro ụmụ ya nwanyị na nwanne nne ya Maria nke toro eto n'oge ahụ.  kọrọ na ya na nwa ya nwanyị nke abụọ Marie na nwa nwa ya nwanyị Helen, ndị bi na New York, dị nso.

Ward lụrụ ọzọ  1916 na Anthony Banks, onye na ebugharị Pullman. Nwa ya nwanyị mbụ Rosamund lụrụ di ma nwụọ na nwata, na 1929.

Olivia Ward Bush Banks nwụrụ Eprel 8, 1944 na New York City.

 Ọrụ 
Ward chọtara ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ Tonya Bolden, "Olivia Ward Bush", Biographies, New York Public Library, accessed May 8, 2010. Providence na Boston, ihe ọ bụla ọ nwere ike ịchọta iji kwado ezinụlọ ya. N'agbanyeghị ogologo ụbọchị ọ na-arụ ọrụ, o dere ma bipụta akwụkwọ uri mbụ ya, obere mpịakọta a na-akpọ Original Poems na 1899. Ọ natara nyocha magburu onwe ya site n'aka onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù Paul Laurence Dunbar, onye na-ede uri Afrika na Amerika.  ọ na-erule afọ 1900, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye nduzi ihe nkiri na Robert Gould Shaw Ụlọ obibi na Boston, ebe ọ gara n'ihu ruo n'ihe dị ka afọ 1914.

Ward na ụmụ ya nwanyị laghachiri Long Island, ebe mmasị ya na nka nọgidere na eto. A zụlitere nne ya na nwanne nne ya na omenala Montaukett, nke dị mkpa nye Ward. Ebe ọ bi na njedebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Fork, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agbụrụ Montaukett, ọkwá o nwere ruo n'ihe dị ka 1916.  Bush-Banks, Olivia. Driftwood. The New York Public Library, 1997. bipụtara mpịakọta nke abụọ ya, nke ka ukwuu, nke uri, Driftwood na 1914. [1] Nke a bụ mpịakọta ya kachasị ewu ewu.

Ka ọ na erule 1918 ma ọ bụ karịa, Ward akwagala Chicago, Illinois, ya na di ya nke abụọ Anthony Banks, onye ọrụ ya na Pullman Company dị n'ebe ahụ. "Olivia Ward Bush Banks", Encyclopedia of World Biography, Supplement, accessed May 9, 2010. dere egwuregwu mbụ ya, Indian Trails: ma ọ bụ Ụzọ nke Montauk; ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị naanị na iberibe, ndị ọkà mmụta na eme atụmatụ ụbọchị nke 1920.  yiri ka ọ bụ mmeghachi omume na mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke New York State na Wyandank Pharaoh v. Jane Benson et al. [1] Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ tụgharịrị ihe odide ya na ahụmịhe ndị Africa na America. Chicago na aghọ ebe dị mkpa nke ndụ ndị isi ojii, egwu na ọdịbendị n'oge Nnukwu Mbugharị, ka ọtụtụ iri puku ndị isi ojii hapụrụ ime obodo South wee kwaga n'obodo mmepụta ihe dị n'ebe ugwu.

Ward ghọrọ onye na-enye onyinye mgbe niile na magazin Agba Amerika na onye na-akwado "New Negro Movement". O nyeere onye na ese ihe Richmond Barthé na onye edemede Langston Hughes aka ịmalite n'oge Harlem Renaissance. Ward kwupụtara mmasị ya banyere ọgụ nke ndị Afrika Amerika na mkpa maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site na edemede ya. O gosikwara okwukwe ya na Chineke site n'okwu ya.

Ndị Banks guzobere  na elekọta Bush-Banks School of Expression na Chicago, nke ghọrọ ebe ndị na ese ihe ojii na-achịkọta ma na-azụlite nka ha. Ndị na eme ihe nkiri na ndị na agụ egwú nyere ihe ngosi na ihe ngosi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ward gara n'ihu na ọrụ nka ya, na elekwasị anya na ihe nkiri. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ nkuzi ihe nkiri na Usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke Chicago. Site  ngwụcha afọ 1920 gaa n'ihu, ọ gara n'etiti Chicago na New York, ebe nwa ya nwanyị Marie na ezinụlọ ya biri.

N'afọ 1930, Ward laghachiri n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ibi na New Rochelle, New York na New York City. 'afọ 1936, ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'oge Nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi. Ọ gụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ W. E. B. Du Bois; onye na-ede uri na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Countee Cullen; Julia Ward Howe; na onye na'eme ihe nkiri / onye na-abụ abụ Paul Robeson n'etiti ndị enyi ya.

N'afọ ndị 1930 o dere kọlụm nka ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta nka maka Westchester Record-Courier .  rụkwara ọrụ na Nlekọta ọganihu ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ihe nkiri na Abyssinian Baptist Ogbe ogbe nke Ụka, site na 1936 ruo 1939. Abyssinian jere ozi dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka egwu na nka okpukpe n'oge Harlem Renaissance na mgbe e mesịrị.

Ward dere ọtụtụ egwuregwu na mkpirisi akụkọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ebipụtabeghị, ụfọdụ n'ihi na o kwuputara okwu gbasara ọdịbendị agbụrụ..

Ọrụ Ward bụ ihe a ma ama maka ichekwa asụsụ mpaghara na agbụrụ nke na agaghị enwe ihe ndekọ edere ede. O dekwara banyere ahụmịhe ụmụ amaala Amerika n'ọrụ ya, na echekwa ụfọdụ asụsụ Algonquian Montauk na akụkọ ọdịnala, ọkachasị n'oge mmalite nke ọrụ ya. Ka e mesịrị, mgbe ọ kwagara Chicago, o dere ihe ndị ọzọ banyere ahụmịhe ndị Africa na America, ma gosipụta ụkpụrụ ya (ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọdịbendị, na okpukpe.) 

 Mgbalị na Ozi 
Bush-Banks sonyere na North East Federation of Women's Clubs . "Women's Clubs. Prominent Persons in Attendance Upon the Annual Meeting in the North East. Mr.." Cleveland Gazette (Cleveland, Ohio), July 26, 1902: 1. Readex: African American Newspapers. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Urban League na Chicago, Illinois na arụkarị ọrụ na ụmụaka nke Farren School. "The Urban League Scattered A Little Sunshine at Christmas." Broad Ax (Chicago, Illinois), December 28, 1918."Red Caps' Club News." Broad Ax (Chicago, Illinois), August 9, 1924: 2. Readex: African American Newspapers mgbakwunye na nke a, Olivia Ward Bush Banks bụ onye otu Otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Red Cap ebe ọ duziri ma nye okwu n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1924.

 Edensibia 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Bernice Forrest (nke bụbu Bernice For Rest Guillaume), ed. The Collected Works of Olivia Ward Bush-Banks, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991

 Njikọ mpụga 


 "Bush-Banks, Olivia Ward", American National Biography Online, Mahadum Wright
 Abụ Ndị Mbụ nke Olivia Bush (aka Olivia Ward Bush-Banks) (1869-1944). Providence, RI: Louis A. Basinet Press, 1899; E bipụtaghachiri ya na The Collected Works of Olivia Ward Bush-Banks, nke Bernice Forrest (nke bụbu Bernice For Rest Guillaume) chịkọtara ma dezie, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991 na A Celebration of Women WritersEmeme Ndị Nwanyị Na-ede Akwụkwọ
 "Olivia Ward Bush", Onye na-ede uri na-ekpe ekpere'', Ndị Kraịst na-ede abụ

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations