Ndị Dị n'Oké Osimiri

The People of the Abyss (1903) bụ akwụkwọ Jack London dere, nke nwere akụkọ mbụ ya banyere ọtụtụ izu o biri na Whitechapel district nke East End nke London na 1902.  London nwara ịghọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke mpaghara a na-adịghị mma nke obodo, na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ ọrụ  ma ọ bụ n'okporo ámá, na ịnọ dị ka onye ọbịa na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Ọnọdụ ndị o nwetara ma dee banyere ya bụ otu ihe ahụ e mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka 500,000 nke ndị ogbenye London nọ n'oge a diri.

 Ihe mbụ na ihe nketa 
Enweela ọtụtụ akụkọ gara aga banyere ọnọdụ mkpọmkpọ ụlọ na England, ọkachasị Ọnọdụ nke Klas na-arụ ọrụ na England (1845) nke Friedrich Engels dere. Ọtụtụ dabere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali nke Jacob Riis Olee otú ọkara ndị ọzọ si ebi ndụ (1890), bụ nke dekọrọ ndụ na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke New York City na 1880s. 

George Orwell sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ndị mmadụ nke Abyss, nke ọ gụrụ n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. N'afọ ndị 1930, ọ malitere igbanwe onwe ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma ma mee njem nlegharị anya na mpaghara dara ogbenye na London. Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta nke The People of the Abyss na Down na Out na Paris na London na Ụzọ Wigan Pier .  p. 62. Orwell read The People of the Abyss while at St. Cyprians; London's book was a "definite source of inspiration"; Orwell "was following its example" (p. 121).

N'ịtụle akwụkwọ maka Daily Express, onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Bertram Fletcher Robinson dere na ọ ga-esi ike ịchọta olu na-akụda mmụọ karị. 

 Nkọwa okwu 
Mgbe London dere akwụkwọ ahụ, okwu ahụ bụ " Abyss ", na nkọwa ya nke Hell, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-ezo aka na ndụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu. Ọ pụtara na HG Wells 'ewu ewu 1901 akwụkwọ Anticipations ọtụtụ ugboro, yana nkebi ahịrịokwu "Ndị nke abis",  nke ọ ga-eji ọzọ n'Isi nke 3 nke Mankind in the Making (1903). Na 1907 London jiri okwu ahụ bụ "ndị abyss" na The Iron Heel,  ọrụ nke akụkọ ifo sayensị dystopian nke edobere na United States. Theodore Dalrymple, "The Dystopian Imagination," in Our Culture, What's Left of It (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2005)}, p. 106.

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Rees, Rosemary; Shephard, Colin, "OCR Ihe Ọmụmụ Ihe omimi nke Britain 1906-1918: Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe nke Britain", London : Hodder Murray, Jan 23, 2002,  Ntụaka - Page 10 Isi mmalite 4

 Hụkwa 

 Victorian Slum House, usoro BBC gbasara ihe ntụrụndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ebe mkpọda ụlọ na ndị bi na East End nke London.

 Edensibia 
mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali

Online text of the 1903 edition  of The People of the Abyss, with illustrations