Asụsụ Kurmali

Fayez, S. M., & Rajiv Ranjan Mahto. Kurmali ma ọ bụ Kudmali (ISO: Kuṛmāli) bụ Asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke e kewara dị ka nke otu asụsụ Bihari a na-asụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ India.   Dị ka ire okwu azụmahịa, a makwaara ya dị ka Panchpargania (Bengali: পঞ্চপরগনিয়া), maka "parganas ise" nke mpaghara ọ na-ekpuchi na Jharkhand. Asụsụ Kurmali  nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 550,000 na-asụ karịsịa na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Jharkhand, Odisha na West Bengal, ọtụtụ ndị na-asukwa Kurmali na ndagwurugwu tii Assam. Kurmali  otu n'ime asụsụ ndị a chọrọ maka ịbanye na Ndepụta nke Asatọ na Iwu India. [1]

 Ebe a na-ekesa ya 
A na-asụkarị asụsụ Kurmali na steeti atọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke India, ya bụ, na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ Seraikela Kharswan, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum), Bokaro na Ranchi nke Jharkhand; na mpaghara ugwu Mayurbhanj, Balasore, Kendujhar, Jajpur na Sundargarh nke Odisha; na mpaghara ndị dị n'etiti ọdịda anyanwụ Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Bankura, Purulia na mpaghara ugwu Mọlda, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. Ewezuga isi mpaghara nke asụsụ ahụ, a na-asụkwa asụsụ ahụ na Udalguri ma na-ahụkwa ndị na-asụgharị ya na Cachar, Santipur, Nagaon nke Assam; mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Chandrapur na Gadchiroli na Maharashtra.  nke a, a na-ahụkwa ndị na-asụ ya na steeti Uttar Pradesh, Bihar  na mba agbata obi Bangladesh   
N'oge British Raj, a maara asụsụ Kurmali dị ka Panchpargania (nke pụtara "asụsụ nke mpaghara ise") maka Bundu, Barenda, Sonahatu (nke kewara na Sonahatu na Rahe), Silli, Tamar blocks nke Ranchi district nke Jharkhand state dị ka Asụsụ azụmahịa n'etiti mpaghara asụsụ anọ. Ugbu , Sonahatu na Rahe na-eme mpaghara Panchpargania. ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2011 si kwuo, e nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ Kurmali Thar 311,175 na India" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="India">India (nke kachasị si West Bengal, Odisha, Assam na Maharashtra) na ndị na-ekwu okwu Panch Pargania 244,914 (nke kachasị site na Jharkhand), na-eme ngụkọta nke ndị na-akpọ Kurmali 556,089 na India.  na-achịkọta ha n'okpuru nchebe nke "Asụsụ Hindi". Rịba ama  ha abụọ, Kurmali Thar na Panch Pargania bụ olumba nke asụsụ Kurmali. POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL (PDF).  Nepal, e nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ Kurmali 227. [1] Otú Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (1 September 2020).  dị, a na-azọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ Kurmali dị elu karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ e depụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ.

 Ụdị asụsụ dị iche iche 

Ndị na-asụ Kurmali gbasara n'ógbè buru ibu nke East India, ọkachasị n'ọ́tụ̀ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke West Bengal, Jharkhand na Odisha. Ndị na-asụ Bengali, Nagpuri na Odia na-achịkwa steeti ndị a. Enwere ike ịhụ Mgbanwe asụsụ na mgbanwe asụsụ n'ógbè ndị a. Ndị Kurmi nke West Bengal -akọwa onwe ha dị ka ndị na-asụ Kurmali mana n'ihi ogologo oge ha biri na mpaghara Bengali asụsụ ha na-agafe n'Asụsụ Manbhumi nke Bengali, dịka o mere n'ebe ugwu Odisha na ngwakọta Bengali na Odia. [15] Nnyocha asụsụ nke India nke 1903, a kọwara mgbanwe ahụ n'ụzọ a: [1]

Asụsụ Kurmali bụ nke mbụ e kewara n'okpuru asụsụ Bengali na ọnụ ọgụgụ abụọ mbụ nke India nwere onwe ya (1951 na 1961), na-agbaso onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ G.A. Grierson, onye kọwara Kurmali dị ka 'ụdị ọdịda anyanwụ Bengali'  n'akwụkwọ ya  na 1898 ruo 1927. Kemgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ [17], a na-ekewa Kurmali n'okpuru otu asụsụ Hindi.  

Asụsụ Kurmali "Kudmali".  n'etiti pasent 61 na pasent 86 yiri Panchpargania; Pasent 58-72 na Khortha; pasent 51-73 na Nagpuri (Sadri); pasent 46-53 na Odia; pasente 41-55 na Bengali; na pasent 44-58 na Hindi. N'ihi ya, a na-ewere Panchpargania dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche nke asụsụ Kurmali, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahazi ya dị ka asụsụ pụrụ iche. 'otu aka ahụ, n'ihi mmetụta dị ukwuu nke asụsụ Bengali na Kurmali (dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-agbanwe gaa n'asụsụ ndị a ma ama ma ọ bụ ndị a ma Ama n'ógbè ahụ), ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-akpọ ya Jharkhandi Bangla ma mgbe ụfọdụ a na-achịkọta ya dị ka olumba Manbhumi. Kurmali dịkwa Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (1 September 2020).  Asụsụ Khortha ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma nke okwu ndị e si n'ezinụlọ Asụsụ Munda, ọkachasị site n'Asụsụ Santali, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka asụsụ Khurta.: 296, 297 

 Ụdị dị iche iche 
A na-ebufe asụsụ ahụ site n'ọnụ site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ na asụsụ Kurmali ka na-adịkwaghị mma n'ihi mmetụta nke asụsụ Indo Aryan ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ndị na-ekwu okwu ya na-eji varieti dị iche iche  na ụda olu. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịhazi asụsụ ahụ dabere na ndị na-ekwu Okwu.territorial region, viz., Singhbhum Kudmali, Dhalbhum Kudmali, Ranchi Kudmali (Panchpargania), Manbhum Kudmali, Mayurbhanj Kudmali isi mpaghara iche. Ụdị ndị ahụ niile na-adị n'etiti 58 na 89 pasent nke okwu okwu myirịta na ibe ya."Kudmali". 
+Present regional varieties of languageEnglishDhalbhum Kudmali (Jharkhand)Manbhum Kudmali (West Bengal)Mayurbhanj Kudmali (Odisha)He likes it.Oẽ iTa pOsOnd kOrOt.Oẽ iTa pOsOnd kOrEi.U iTa pOsOnd kare.One person is sitting.ek lOke bOise ahe.ek lok gObchOlahe.ek lok bOsinchhe.Invite all of them.Okhrak sObke neuta de deo.Okhrake sobhekaike neuta dei deliOn.arā sObuke neuta/ khabar diyan deo.The tree comes out from the seed.muji lẽ gach hek.Bihin lẽ gach heuEik.muji lẽ gach haye.Cows are grazing in the field.gOru gila bai dẽ cOrOhOt.gOru gilin taiNdẽ cOrOhOt.gOru gila bai dẽ cOrchhen.You are not going to school.tÕe iskulẽ ni jais.tÕe iskulẽ nihi jais.tuiñ iskulẽ na jais.He did not do the work.Õe kamTa ni kOrlak.Õe kamTa nihi kOllak.U kamTa nai kærla.Go to my house.mOr gharke ke ja.Moi Ghar jaho.hamar gharke ke ja.

 Ojiji asụsụ 
Kurmali (Kudmali) bụ nke mmadụ 555,465 na-asụ dị ka asụsụ ala nna ha na India. Ndị Kudmi (Kudmi Mahato), ndị na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, bụ ndị isi na-eji ya eme ihe.  ka The People of India (1992) si kwuo, obodo iri na-asụ asụsụ ahụ dị ka Asụsụ nne, gụnyere agbụrụ abụọ a haziri ahazi na obodo atọ a haziri anya.[lower-alpha 2] Obodo iri ndị ahụ gụnyere Bedia, Bagal, Dharua, Dom, Jolha, Kamar, Kumhar, Tanti, Nai, Ghasi, Karga, na Rautia.Keduar, N. C. (2016).   mgbakwunye, agbụrụ na-asụ asụsụ abụọ dị ka Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Lohara (ma ọ bụ Lohar), Mahli, Munda, Oraon, Santal, Savar na Bathudi na-asụrụ asụsụ ahụ dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke na-esote.

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