Obodo Na-adịghị Ahịa

Na United Kingdom, Low Traffic Neighbourhood (LTN) bụ atụmatụ etinyere iji belata okporo ụzọ na-agafe n'ebe obibi site na nzacha permeability na Nkwụsị okporo ụzọ. E webatara ọtụtụ LTNs n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2020, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji otu ụkpụrụ ahụ eme ihe na London kemgbe afọ 1970. 

E ike itinye LTNs n'ọrụ site na iji ihe mgbochi dị ka bollards, ihe mgbochi boom na ndị na-akụ osisi, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike itinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụzọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ site na iji igwefoto njirimara nọmba na akara okporo ụzọ, nke nwere ike ikwe ka mmadụ nwee ike ịnweta ụgbọala ebe obibi ma machibido enweghị njikọ site na okporo ụzọ.

Goodman, Anna (12 January 2021). "The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Street Crime, in Waltham Forest, London". osf.io. Retrieved 2022-03-29.Aldred, Rachel; Goodman, Anna (2020-09-10). "Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, Car Use, and Active Travel: Evidence from the People and Places Survey of Outer London Active Travel Interventions". Findings: 17128. doi:10.32866/001c.17128. nwere ihe akaebe iji gosi na LTNs na-eduga na mbelata n'iji ụgbọ ala eme ihe, mmụba n'ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na mbelata nke mpụ n'okporo ámá, mpụ ime ihe ike na mwakpo mmekọahụ.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Tupu ọrịa COVID-19, enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 25,000 modal filters gafee UK. Obodo nLaura Laker, Smashing the tyranny of the status quo: 10 of Britain’s historic hidden-gem LTNs, Zag Daily, 6 October 2020. dị ala na-ahụkarị bụ iwu a na-ahụ anya n'ịmepụta obodo na obodo ọhụrụ na UK kemgbe afọ 1960. "Critics of UK low-traffic schemes told that 25,000 filters already existed". The Guardian. 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2022-01-22.

Na Primrose Hill, London, ọnwụ ụmụaka abụọ n'okporo ụzọ n'afọ ndị 1960 mere ka e mechie àkwà mmiri ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Regent's Park Road maka ụgbọala, na-eji ihe mgbochi. Camden Cycling Campaign, Areas Without Through Traffic 1: Primrose Hill, 27 November 2013. Bridge Approach, NW1, The Underground Map mere ka Primrose Hill bụrụ ebe na-enweghị okporo ụzọ.

David Morphet, 'Streets Ahead', World Wide Pictures/Central Office of Information/Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1970, at 7:20. Newtown, Exeter, Sandford Street na East John Street mechiri maka ụgbọala na 1970, na-eji bollards na ramps, dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme imezigharị obodo.

Otu n'ime LTNs a ma ama ka e mere na De Beauvoir Town, Hackney, London, site na Greater London Council, nke onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye bi n'ógbè ahụ bụ Graham Parsey. E webatara nzacha modal dị ka usoro nnwale na 8 Eprel 1974 ma mee ya ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide na Eprel 1975. 

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19 nke 2020-21, e wepụtara mpaghara 72 dị ala na-enweghị ikuku n'okpuru iwu mberede na London, na-ekpuchi ndị mmadụ dị ihe dị ka 300,000. Waltham Forest eweputara ọtụtụ LTNs n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2019. Goodman, Anna; Laverty, Anthony A.; Thomas, Asa; Aldred, Rachel (2021-05-11). "The Impact of 2020 Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Fire Service Emergency Response Times, in London, UK". Findings: 23568. doi:10.32866/001c.23568. hdl:10044/1/91982. S2CID 236564301.

 Okporo ụzọ 
 London, tupu ọrịa COVID-19, okporo ụzọ arịwo elu n'okporo ụzọ ndị dị n'akụkụ site na ihe karịrị 100% kemgbe afọ 2008.

E tinyere LTNs n'ọrụ na Waltham Forest n'afọ 2014. Nnyocha nke ọrụ ebere ihu igwe Possible chọpụtara na na n'afọ 2016 na 'okporo ụzọ ókèala' atọ LTN dekọrọ mmụba nke okporo ụzọ n'etiti ihe dị ka 2.6% na 28.3%. Abụọ n'ime ụzọ atọ ahụ dị n'ime 'nke ọma' maka mgbanwe ndị na-adịbeghị anya na okporo ụzọ. Aldred and Verlinghieri (2020). LTNs for all?. Possible. Sherhall Street, naanị okporo ụzọ a mụrụ nke nwere mmụba, a chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ okporo ụzọ nke 2016 dị ihe dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ okporo ígwè nke 2009 maka okporo ụzọ a. Nnyocha maka Transport for London na Walthamstow Village chọpụtara na mgbe mmejuputachara, okporo ụzọ dị na Village hụrụ nkezi 44.1% mbelata na okporo ụzọ. Okporo ụzọ ndị gbara ya gburugburu hụrụ mmụba nke okporo ụzọ, ọkachasị Sherhall Street. Na Lea Bridge Road, okporo ụzọ kachasị elu kwa awa belatara mgbe eweputara atụmatụ ahụ na okporo ụzọ na-egosi na ọ gbasara n'ụbọchị ahụ. Maka bọs, ọtụtụ bọs na-agafe n'ime obodo ahụ na-agba ọsọ n'oge dị nso. Walthamstow Village Review. Project Centre; Enjoy Waltham Forest. Retrieved 27 November 2022 bụ ezie na ụzọ bọs dị n'okporo ụzọ ndị dị n'ókè ahụ nwere mmụba, nke a kwekọrọ na ụzọ nchịkwa gafee obodo ahụ.

Nnyocha e mere na 2022 nyochara LTNs atọ na Islington Borough n'etiti July 2019 na February 2021. Ọ chọtara mbelata dị ịrịba ama na okporo ụzọ 58.2% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ebe nchịkwa n'otu mpaghara ahụ. Yang, Xiuleng; McCoy, Emma; Hough, Katherine; de Nazelle, Audrey (2022-12-01). "Evaluation of low traffic neighbourhood (LTN) impacts on NO2 and traffic". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 113: 103536. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2022.103536. hdl:10044/1/101078. ISSN 1361-9209. chọtara mbelata dị obere, nke na-enweghị isi nke 13.4% na ebe ndị dị n'ókè.

 Nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ 

 Mmetọ na ahụike 
Nnyocha e mere na 2022 nyochara LTNs atọ na Islington Borough n'etiti July 2019 na February 2021.  chọpụtara na LTNs belatara ọkwa nke Nitrogen dioxide site na 5.7% na saịtị ndị dị n'ime, na site na 8.9% na saịtị ndị gbara ya gburugburu.

 Mpụ na nchekwa 
Iwebata LTNs na-eduga na mbelata nke mpụ niile n'okporo ámá, na-abawanye na ogologo oge kemgbe mmejuputa ya, na enweghị ịkwaga n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe afọ 3 nke mmejuputa gasịrị, nyocha chọpụtara mbelata 18% na mpụ n'okporo ámá na mpaghara LTN. A chọtara mbelata ka ukwuu maka mpụ ime ihe ike na mwakpo mmekọahụ.  otu subcategory maka mpụ hụrụ mmụba - ohi ịnyịnya ígwè.

Ihe akaebe na-egosi na LTNs na-eduga na mbelata okpukpu atọ na mmerụ ahụ n'ime mpaghara LTN.  ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọnụọgụ mmerụ ahụ na-agbanwe n'okporo ụzọ ókèala.

 Tower Hamlets, Ndị uwe ojii Metropolitan gbara Lutfur Rahman ume ka ọ ghara ikpochapụ Obodo Low Traffic na Bethnal Green, na-egosipụta nchegbu na iwepụ ya ga-eduga na mmụba nke mpụ.

 Njem siri ike 
LTNs -agba ndị njem ume ka ha na-aga n'ihu, na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara iji ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị a. LTNs -eme ngwa ngwa na mberede na-ahụ ndị ọzọ na-aga ije, ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na nghọta ka mma banyere gburugburu ebe obibi ịgba ịnyịnya ibu.

Ndị  na LTNs na-aghọwanye ndị nwere ụgbọ ala na ndị nwere ike ibelata ojiji ụgbọ ala ha.  Waltham Forest, nnyocha chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọala na van dara na mpaghara ndị dị obere na Holland, ọkachasị na ndị metụtara LTN.

 Ụgbọala mberede 
Nnyocha 2020 banyere mmetụta nke Waltham Forest LTN  London achọtaghị ihe akaebe na oge nzaghachi mberede nke ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ metụtara n'ime LTNs na ihe akaebe ụfọdụ na ha meziwanyere ntakịrị n'okporo ụzọ ókèala, n'agbanyeghị nghọta n'etiti ndị ọrụ mgbụsị akwụkwọ na nkwụsịtụ okporo ụzọ bụ ihe kpatara igbu oge ụfọdụ. Nnyocha nke 2021 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Findings nyochara mmetụta nke 72 LTNs na London na oge nzaghachi mberede nke ndị ọrụ ọkụ.  chọtabeghị ihe akaebe na oge nzaghachi metụtara, ma ọ bụ maka LTNs na-eji ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-eji mmanye igwefoto.

 Ikpe ziri ezi 
Mmejuputa LTN kemgbe 2020 na London abụwo nke ziri ezi n'ozuzu ya na obodo na micro. O yikarịrị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ kachasị daa ogbenye ga-ebi na LTN mepere ọhụrụ karịa ndị mmadụ nọ na nkeji iri na ise kacha daa ogbenye. O yikarịrị ka ndị agbụrụ pere mpe ga-ebi na LTN ọhụrụ karịa ndị ọcha.  London, na nkezi, etinyela LTNs n'ọrụ na mpaghara ha kacha daa ogbenye.

Ndị -akatọ LTNs gụnyekwara ndị na-eme mkpọsa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dịka John Stewart na Rosamund Kissi-Debrah .  Stewart ekwuola  LTNs bụ "ndị na-ezighị ezi" n'ihi na "n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ha na-ebugharị okporo ụzọ na mmetọ gaa n'okporo ụzọ ndị dị n'akụkụ na nke ókèala",  ebe Kissi-Debrah na-akwadokwa nsogbu ahụ n'ihe gbasara ikpe ziri ezi: ọ na-ekwu na mpaghara ndị bara ọgaranya nwere ike irite uru site na mbelata okporo ụzọ na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị ike ịta ahụhụ site na mmetụ.

 Arụmụka 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mkpesa megide LTNs na Ealing
A na-akatọ nzacha modal na Low Traffic Neighborhoods mgbe ụfọdụ maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya. Magazin ụgbọ ala nke Britain bụ Auto Express katọrọ atụmatụ ndị ahụ maka ọnụahịa ha, na-akpọ ha "ihe mkpofu ego". Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere nnukwu ụgwọ  enweghị ndụmọdụ na mmejuputa atụmatụ ahụ.

 UK, e jiri mmejuputa nke Low Traffic Neighborhoods na 2020 tụnyere Brexit na nkewa ya.    na-ejikọta mmegide megide atụmatụ ndị a na echiche nkwekọrịta "obodo nkeji iri na ise", na Institute for Strategic Dialogue na-akọwa LTNs dị ka "ogwe ọkụ" maka nsogbu agha ọdịbendị sara mbara.  ndị a emeela ka ndị na-emegide LTN mee ngagharị iwe na Oxford na Croydon. [1] [2]

Onye bụbu onye -eme ihe nkiri Laurence Fox, mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ maka onye isi obodo Greater London na 2021, kwere nkwa iwepu nzacha modal niile (ọbụlagodi ndị dị tupu 2020) na London.  ikpo okwu a, Fox nwetara naanị 1.9% nke vootu nke mbụ.  Hackney, onye na-azọ ọkwa na-emegide LTN na ntuli aka na Hoxton East na Shoreditch na Mee 2021 nwetara ihe na-erughị 8% nke votu, ebe na ntuliaka na St Peter's Ward na Islington onye na-emegid LTN nwetara naanị 318 n'ime 4,395 nke votu (7.2%). [1] [2]  Mee 2022 a họpụtara Lutfur Rahman ọzọ na Tower Hamlets ebe ọ mere mkpọsa megide atụmatụ LTN nke obodo ahụ.

 Hụkwa 

 Permeability (ọkwa na atụmatụ njem)  - Nnwere onwe ịgagharị
 Okporo ámá ụlọ akwụkwọ - Mgbochi okporo ụzọ na mmalite na njedebe nke ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ
 Igurube na-agba ọsọ - Okporo ụzọ na-akwụsịtụ site na ebe obibi
 Obodo dị nkeji iri na ise - Echiche nke iru obodo
 Mgbasawanye obodo - Ojiji nke ike nke oghere obodo

 Edensibia 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations