Asụsụ Gtaʼ

Asụsụ Gtaʼ (nke a na-akpọkwa Gataʼ, Gataʔ, na Gtaʔ), nke a makwaara dị ka Gta Asa, Didei ma ọ bụ Didayi ( [16], bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke Ndị Didayi nke ndịda Odisha na India na-asụ. 

Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka ụdaume Sesquisyllabic ya  na usoro ọnụọgụ vigesimal.

 Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 
ʼ bụ nke mmadụ 3,000 na-asụ karịsịa na Mpaghara Malkangiri, Odisha yana mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Mpaghara Koraput. Dị ka Anderson si kwuo (2008), ihe na-erughị mmadụ 4,500 na-asụ ya.

Ethnologue na-akọ ebe ndị a:

 Odisha (47 obodo nta): Kudumulgumma block na Chitrakonda block nke Koraput district na Malkangiri district, ndịda nke Bondo Hills; ụfọdụ na Khairput block
 Mpaghara East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

 Nchịkọta na olumba 
Gtaʼ bụ nke South Munda subgroup nke alaka Munda nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. N'ime South Munda, a na-ewere Gtaʼ dị ka alaka mbụ nke na-esokwa asụsụ Remo na Gutob; a maara obere ìgwè a nke South Munda dị ka Gutob-Remo-Gataq.  dị iche iche na fonology na morphologically n'ime alaka ahụ.

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 
Gtaʼ nwere ụdaume 5 /a, e, i, o, u/, na mgbe ụfọdụ ụdaume nke isii /æ/. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye na nke a ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya: /ã, õ, ũ/ na mgbe ụfọdụ /ĩ/. Gtaʼ nwere ụdaume ndị a: 
BilabialAlveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarMkpịsị akaKwụsị<small id="mwXA">enweghị olu</small>p[t]Ọdịdịckʔ<small id="mwbA">kwuru okwu</small>b[d]Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a ga-ejiɟɡọIhe na-esiri ikeshỤgbọ imimnŋIhe atụlFlapɾỌdịdị

 Asụsụ 

 Aha 
 na-eji aha na Gtaʼ eme ihe maka ikpe, nọmba na ihe onwunwe.

Aha nwekwara ụdị abụọ, otu bụ ụdị zuru oke, nke ọzọ bụ ụdị dị mkpirikpi. Ndị nke ikpeazụ a na-eme naanị mgbe a na-agwakọta aha na aha ọzọ ma ọ bụ ngwaa maka ebumnuche derivational, ya mere a na-akpọ ya "ụdị ngwakọta". Ụdị njikọta na-agụnyekarị iwepu akara ma ọ bụ ime ka aha ahụ dị mkpirikpi n'ụzọ ụfọdụ.
Ụdị nnwere onweỤdị ngwakọtaNkọwancu-cu-mmanụgsi-si-louseGbe-bụ-beargnar-gar-Mkpụrụ osisi achararemwa-ịlaghachionye

 Ọdịdị nke ụda 
Gtaʔ bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka ojiji ọ na-eji okwu echo. E nwere ụdị anọ sara mbara nke ụdị ụda: 

 a-ụdị, na-egosi nnukwu ụdị;
 ụdị i, na-egosi obere ma ọ bụ ụdị dị nro;
 u/a-forms, na-egosi ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche site na ụdị yiri ya;
 Ụdị gbanwere akụkụ ụfọdụ, na-egosi ụdị dị ala: ụdị a, na-egosipụta oke; na ụdị i, na-ezo aka n'ịdị nro.

Iwu phonological maka inweta otu ụdị okwu echo bụ ndị a: 

 A na-emepụta okwu mkpu site na ịgbanwe naanị ụdaume nke okwu isi.
 Okwu echo ga-adị iche na okwu isi. A na-egosipụta ụdaume nke okwu ndị isi dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/ na okwu echo. Maka okwu isi /u, e, o/ a na-ahọrọ ụdaume /a/, ebe maka okwu isi /ɛ/ a na'ahọrọ ụdaolu /i/.
 A na-egosipụta ụdaume nke okwu isi disyllabic na okwu echo dị ka ndị a:
 A na-egosipụta ụdaume abụọ ahụ dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/; ma ọ bụ
 Naanị otu n'ime ụdaume okwu bụ /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/ ebe nke ọzọ na-egosipụta n'agbanweghị; ma ọ bụ
 Mkpụrụedemede mbụ (V1) na-agbanwe /u/ ebe nke abụọ (V2) na-agbanwere /a/.
 N'ihe banyere okwu trisyllabic, otu, abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'ime ụdaume (na nkeji okwu ndị dị n'akụkụ) na-egosipụta dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/.
 A na-enweta ụdị ụda nke okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, n'agbanyeghị ọdịdị okwu ha, dị ka ndị a:
 N'ihe banyere ngwaa ngwakọta nke nwere ngwaa abụọ, otu ma ọ bụ abụọ na-agbanwe, dabere na mmekọrịta ha na ibe ha.
 Ụdị njikọta aha na-apụta na ngwaa na-agbanwe n'onwe ya; ndị ejikọtara na aha na-agbanwere naanị na isi.
 N'okwu na-etinye prefix, ma prefix na stem na-agbanwe dị ka otu.

Njikọ ụdị aha ndị na-apụta na ngwaa stems nwere ike ikwughachi n'onwe ya na ngwaa stem; ndị na-eme na aha stems ma ọ bụ na-anọgide ma ọ bụ gbanwee na isi stems.

 Usoro ọnụọgụ 
ọnụọgụ Gta' bụ vigesimal.
1. 21. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatakwu2. 22. 3. 23. 4. 24. 5. 25. 6. 26. 7. 27. 8. N'ihi ya28. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatak9.  / N'Anya29. 10.  / dɔa30. Ọnọdụ a na-akpọ "Oké Mkpụrụ" (20 + 10) 11.  / eɡa12.  / baro13.  International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">ɡoɲji / teroa14.  / coudoʹa40. mbarkuʹi (2 × 20) / 15.  / pɔndrɔa50.  ɡwa / pɔcas16.  / soloːa60. ɲjikui (3 × 20) / saʹe17.  / sɔtroya70.  / 18.  / aɾa80.  (4 × 20) 19.  / unis90. 20. Akụkọ banyere mba ndị ọzọ100. Ịkpọ anụ (5 × 20) / ya mere

 Asụsụ ndị agbata obi 
Gtaʼ echo-formation na-egosi ụfọdụ ihe yiri ya na echo-formation n'asụsụ Munda ndị agbata obi dị ka Remo na Gorum yana n'Asụsụ Desia nke Oriya nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Koraput Munda. Ihe kac pụta ìhè ha na Gtaʼ bụ na okwu mkparịta ụka n'asụsụ atọ a niile sitere na okwu ndị bụ isi site na mgbanwe na ụdaume naanị.

 Edensibia 
Malkangiri, Odisha yana mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Mpaghara Koraput. Dị ka Anderson si kwuo (2008), ihe na-erughị mbụ nke na-esokwa asụsụ Remo na Gutob; a maara obere ìgwè a nke South Munda dị ka

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Anderson, Gregory D.S. (onye nwụrụ). Gtaʔ (Didey) Asụsụ - Munda Languages Project - Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages E debere  Wayback Machine.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nchịkọta ọhụrụ nke South Munda: Ihe akaebe sitere na morphology ngwaa". Indian Linguistics 62.1: 21-36.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Gtaʔ." Na: Gregory D.S. Anderson (ed.), The Munda Languages. London / New York. [Routledge Language Family Series]. 682–763.
 Onye Kraịst bụ́ Bauer 1993. Nnyocha nke: Robert Parkin: Ntuziaka maka ndị na-asụ Austroasiatic na asụsụ ha.  (Oceanic Linguistics, Special Publication, no. 23.) ix, 198, [xv] pp. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Na: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, mpịakọta. 56, mbipụta 1 (February 1993), peeji nke 193-194.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Proto-Gutob-Remo-Gtaq Mmetụta Mmetụta Monosyllabic Vowels na Mmetụta Mbụ. Ọmụmụ Austroasiatic Nkebi nke Mbụ, 13, 213-227. Munda  (n.d.)  E nwetara ya na February 15, 2015
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Arguments against the Vowel Plane" na Gtaʔ Linguistic Inquiry, 18 (3), 523-529.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Alụmdi na nwunye, Omume na Ọgbọ n'etiti ndị Munda nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ India". [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages (2 mpịakọta). Leiden: Ọmarịcha
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya na Munda Linguistics I". International Journal of American Linguistics, 31 (4), 332-341.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "A Note on Gtaʔ Echo Forms", na P. Jenner, L. Thompson, na S. Starosta, eds., Austroasiatic Studies, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Chatterji)
 Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Mahapatra)
 Munda Site nke Toshiki Osada (nke nwere ozi gbasara Gtaʼ, Gutob, Ho, Mundari)
 Nchịkọta ụda Gta'
 Gta'

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations