Amistad (ihe nkiri)

Amistad bụ ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America nke 1997 nke Steven Spielberg duziri, dabere na ihe mere na 1839 n'ụgbọ mmiri ohu nke Spain La Amistad, n'oge Ndị agbụrụ Mende a tọọrọ maka ahia ohu jisiri ike nweta ikike nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị jidere ha n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Cuba, na Agha iwu mba ụwa nke sochiri Washington, onye na-egbochi ego nke US. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States mechara dozie ikpe ahụ na 1841.

Morgan Freeman, Anthony Hopkins, na Matthew McConaughey gosipụtara, tinyere Djimon Hounsou na ọrụ ya dị ka Cinqué; Pete Postlethwaite, Nigel Hawthorne, na Chiwetel Ejiofor a na-amaghị ama n'oge ahụ pụtara na ọrụ nkwado.

Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma ma nweta ihe karịrị $ 58 nde n'ụwa niile.

 Atụmatụ 
Ụgbọ mmiri La Amistad na-ebu ndị ohu ojii n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ndị Spain na-achị Cuba na 1839. Otu onye a dọtara n'agha, Cinqué, na-eduga nnupụisi megide ndị ọrụ ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwụrụ. A hapụrụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ, Pedro Montes na Jose Ruiz, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ha enyere aka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri gaa Africa. Ndị Spain raara ha nye ma banye n'ime mmiri US, ebe ụgbọ mmiri US na-egbochi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, Washington, ma jide ndị nnupụisi ahụ.

Agha iwu dị mgbagwoju anya na-aga n'ihu maka ndị ohu. Onye ọka iwu United States William S. Holabird na-eweta ebubo nke ịpụnara mmadụ ihe na igbu ọchụ megide ha. A na-ewepụ ebubo ndị ahụ n'okwu mpụ n'ihi na igbu ọchụ ahụ mere na mpụga mmiri United States.

Ikpe obodo na-esote, na ndị Amistad Africans na-azọrọ dị ka ihe onwunwe site na Montes na Ruiz, na dị ka nzọpụta site n'aka ndị uwe ojii abụọ si Washington. Gọọmentị Spain nke Queen Isabella nke Abụọ [lower-alpha 1] na-etinye aka na nkwado nke Montes na Ruiz, n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta nke 1795, nke a makwaara dị ka Nkwekọ Pinckney. Iji zere ihe omume mmekọrịta mba na mba, Onye isi ala Martin Van Buren nyere odeakwụkwọ ya John Forsyth ntụziaka iji kwado nkwupụta Spanish. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, onye abolitionist Lewis Tappan na onye isi ojii ya Theodore Joadson (onye bụbu ohu), kpebisiri ike inyere ndị a dọtara n'agha aka. Ha gakwuuru onye ọka iwu nwere ọgụgụ isi, onye bụbu onye isi ala US na Onye nnọchi anya US John Quincy Adams, mana ọ chọghị itinye aka. Kama nke ahụ, ha were onye ọka iwu na-eto eto na onye na-amaghị nke a na-akọ Roger Sherman Baldwin n'ọrụ.

Baldwin, na-enweghị ike iso ndị ahịa ya kwurịta okwu n'ihi ihe mgbochi asụsụ, na-enyo ndị ohu ahụ enyo abụghị ndị Cuba kama ndị Afrịka a tọọrọ ma buru ha n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị dị ka akụkụ nke ahịa ohu a machibidoro iwu. Ya na Joadson na-achọ La Amistad ma chọta akwụkwọ ndị na-egosi na a tọọrọ ndị ahụ a dọtara n'agha na Sierra Leone ma buru ha gafee Atlantic n'ụgbọ ohu Portuguese Tecora tupu ebufee ha na La Amistad na Havana. Ọ masịrị onye ọka ikpe ahụ ma gosipụta ebumnuche ya ịchụpụ ikpe gọọmentị US na Spain ma tọhapụ ndị ahụ a dọtara n'agha.

Iji gbochie ohere a, Van Buren jiri nwa okorobịa, Coglin, dochie onye ọka ikpe ahụ, onye o kwenyere na ọ ga-adị mfe ịchịkwa. Joadson na-achọ ndụmọdụ n'aka Adams, onye gwara ya na ikpe ụlọ ikpe na-emekarị site n'akụkụ nwere 'akụkọ' kachasị mma. Baldwin na Joadson were onye nweere onwe ya James Covey dị ka onye ntụgharị, na-enyere Cinqué aka ịgba akaebe n'ihu ụlọ ikpe. Ọ na-akọwa otú e si tọọrọ ya n'ụlọ ya, na egwu nke Middle Passage. Baldwin kpọrọ Captain Fitzgerald nke Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron iji kwado akaebe Cinqué. Ọ na-eche na a kpọgara ndị ahụ n'ụgbọ mmiri Tecora n'ụlọ ohu a ma ama bụ Lomboko. N'okpuru nyocha, Fitzgerald kwetara na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe doro anya nke ịdị adị Lomboko. Ka esemokwu na-arị elu, Cinqué na mberede guzoro ma kwuo, "Nye anyị, anyị onwe anyị!". N'ịbụ onye mmetụta Cinqué kpaliri, Ọkàikpe Coglin kwuru na a ga-atọhapụ ndị Afrịka, nakwa na a ga na-ejide Montes na Ruiz ma boo ha ebubo na ha na-azụ ahịa ohu n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.

N'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka Senator John C. Calhoun nke South Carolina, onye na-anọchite anya ọdịmma ndị ohu nke South America, Van Buren rịọrọ ikpe ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. Baldwin na Joadson gara Adams ọzọ, mgbe ọ zutere Cinqué ọ kwetara ịnọchite anya ndị Afrịka n'ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. Okwu na-akpali akpali na nke na-ekwu okwu nke ọma nke Adams mere ka ụlọ ikpe kweta ịkwado ikpe ahụ ma tọhapụ ndị Afrịka.

 Nkedo 


 Nchịkọta 
N'ịrụ ọrụ Joseph Cinqué, Spielberg nwere ihe siri ike achọrọ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ga-enwerịrị ọdịdị anụ ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị, nwee ike inye ikike ma bụrụ onye si n'agbụrụ West Africa. Onye -eme ihe nkiri nke nwetara ọrụ ahụ ga-achọkwa ịmụta ụda olu Mende nke Cinqué kwuru.  nyere Cuba Gooding Jr. ọrụ ahụ mana ọ jụrụ ya ma mesịa kwaa ụta maka ya.  nyere Dustin Hoffman ọrụ mana ọ jụrụ ya, [1] [2] ebe Will Smith na onye egwu Seal gbalịrị inweta akụkụ ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na a na-eme nnwale na London, Paris na Sierra Leone, ọrụ ahụ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na izu itoolu tupu ihe nkiri amalite. Spielberg  njikere igbu oge mmepụta ihe ruo afọ abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ pụghị ịchọta onye na-eme ihe nkiri kwesịrị ekwesị. Mgbe ọ tụlere ihe karịrị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri 150, Spielberg lere teepụ nyocha nke onye na-eme egwuregwu a na-amaghị ama Djimon Hounsou na-agụ okwu sitere na edemede ihe nkiri ahụ. Mgbe Hou gụsịrị okwu ahụ n'asụsụ Bekee ma mụtakwuo ya na Mende, Spielberg nwere mmasị nke ukwuu iji tinye ya na ọrụ Cinqué. Hounsou nyochara  na olile anya nke ịbịaru obere ọrụ [1] ma kwuo na ọ maghị akụkọ ahụ tupu ya enweta ọrụ ahụ.  gụrụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ banyere nnupụisi ahụ na ikpe ndị sochirinụ iji mata ihe omume ndị e gosipụtara na fim ahụ.

Onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States Harry Blackmun mere ihe nkiri na fim ahụ dị ka Justice Joseph Story .  kwanyeere Blackmun ùgwù ịpụta na ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekweta na ọ bụ "ihe nkiri dị mkpa banyere ọgụ mba anyị na ịgba ohu".

 Mmepụta 
Djimon Hounsou nwere oge dị mkpirikpi nke naanị ụbọchị 10 iji mụta asụsụ Mende maka ọrụ ya dị ka Joseph Cinqué; n'agbanyeghị na ma asụsụ ahụ na asụsụ Benin nke Hounsou sitere na West Africa, e nwere ihe ole na ole yiri ya. Hounsou gbalịrị ịmụta ahịrị ya niile na Mende ma jiri ụdaolu na-agụghachi ụfọdụ n'ime ha, ma e wezụga ihe ndị kachasị mkpa ebe o mere ka o doo anya na ọ ghọtara okwu ọ bụla a na-ekwu. Hounsou kwupụtara  ijide ya n'agbụ na agbụ ígwè n'oge ihe nkiri bụ otu n'ime akụkụ kachasị sie ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ, na-eme ka ọ chee echiche ịkwụsị n'ụbọchị mbụ.

 Onyinye na nsọpụrụ 
A họpụtara Amistad maka Academy Awards n'ụdị anọ: Onye na-akwado Ihe nkiri kacha mma (Anthony Hopkins), Best Original Dramatic Score (John Williams), Best Cinematography (Janusz Kamiński), na Best Costume Design (Ruth E. Carter). 
Ihe nriteỤdịNdị a họpụtaraNsonaazụIhe nrite AcademyOnye Nkwado Kasị Mma Ihe nkiri kacha mma Ụdị ejiji Kasị Mma Egwuregwu Egwuregwu Kasị Mma American Society of CinematographersIhe ịga nke ọma pụtara ìhè na Cinematography na Theatrical Releases Òtù Ndị Nlekọta Ihe OsiseỊdị Mma na Nhazi Mmepụta maka Ihe nkiri Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri nke ChicagoOnye Nkwado Kasị Mma Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha nwee olileanya Ihe nrite nke ndị nkatọIhe nkiri Kasị Mma| Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma David di DonatelloIhe nkiri mba ọzọ kacha mmaSteven Spielberg| Ihe nrite Guild of America Ihe nrite European Film AwardsIhe ndị ọ rụzuru na Cinema Ụwa (nakwa maka ịchụ nta nke ezi uche)  Ihe nrite Golden GlobeOnye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ihe nkiri Onye nduzi kacha mma Ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ihe nkiri| Onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ihe nkiri Ihe nrite GrammyEgwú Kasị Mma Edere Maka Ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ Maka Telivishọn Ihe nrite ihe oyiyi nke NAACPOnye Na-eme Ihe nkiri Dị Mma Ihe nkiri dị ịrịba ama| Onye Nkwado Na-eme Ihe nkiri Na-eme Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri n'ịntanetịOnye Nkwado Kasị Mma Ihe nrite Guild of AmericaIhe nkiri kacha mma Ihe nrite nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchịNkwupụta| Ihe nrite SatelliteOnye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ihe nkiri Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma Nchịkwa nka kacha mma na mmepụta Ihe nkiri kacha mma Ụdị ejiji Kasị Mma Onye nduzi kacha mma Nhazi Kasị Mma Ihe nkiri Kasị Mma - Ihe nkiri Egwuregwu Kasị Mma Ihe nrite nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiriỌrụ Pụrụ Iche nke Nwoke Na-eme Ihe nkiri na Ọrụ NkwadoAnthony Hopkins| Òtù Ndị Na-enyocha Ihe nkiri nke Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ 
Ụlọ ọrụ American Film Institute họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ maka ndepụta ya nke afọ 2006 nke ihe nkiri kachasị akpali akpali. 

 Ihe ndị ọzọ ọdịbendị pụtara 
Ngalaba steeti United States na Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC) jikọrọ aka na 1998 iji nyochaa Amistad dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị iji mụbaa "nkwurịta okwu ọdịbendị" nke e wuru gburugburu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọgụ agbụrụ na United States na Cuba. 

 Hụkwa 


 Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri na-egosi ịgba ohu
 Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na akụkọ ifo
 Ihe nkiri ikpe

 Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala 
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

 Edensibia 

 Njikọ mpụga 



 ỌbụbụenyinaAllMovie 
 ỌbụbụenyinaBox Office Mojo 
 ỌbụbụenyinaTomato rere ure 
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations