Agha ya na ndị Newt

Agha ya na ndị NewtIhu akwụkwọ nke 1955 Bantam paperback mbipụtaOnye dere yaKarel ČapekAha mbụ Válka s MlokyMbaCzechoslovakiaAsụsụCzechỤdịAkụkọ sayensị na-atọ ọchịOnye bipụtara yaFr. Borový, PragueỤbọchị e bipụtara ya1936E bipụtara ya n'asụsụ Bekee 1937, Allen & Unwin, LondonỤdị mgbasa ozi Mbipụta (Hardback & Paperback) Peeji240 (1990 Catbird Press mbipụta) 
Agha na Newts (Válka s Mloky na Czech_language" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Czech language">Czech mbụ), nke a sụgharịrị dị ka Salamander Wars, bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị satirical nke 1936 nke onye edemede Czech bụ Karel Čapek. Ọ na-emetụta nchọpụta na Oké Osimiri India nke agbụrụ na-ebi n'oké osimiri, ụdị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke newts, bụ ndị a na-eme ohu na mbụ ma na-erigbu.  na-enweta ihe ọmụma mmadụ ma na-enupụ isi, na-eduga n'agha zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịdị elu. E nwere ihe yiri nke Čapek R.U.R. mbụ, kamakwa ụfọdụ isiokwu mbụ.

kọwara agha na Newts dị ka "ọrụ ochie" nke akụkọ sayensị site n'aka onye edemede akụkọ sayensụ na onye nkatọ Damon Knight.

 Nchịkọta atụmatụ 
Naanị anọ ikpeazụ n'ime isi iri abụọ na asaa nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu maka agha a na-akpọ aha ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ na-emetụta nchọpụta nke Newts, mmegbu ha na evolushọn, na esemokwu na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na Newts na-eduga n'agha.

Akwụkwọ ahụ enweghị otu onye isi, kama ọ na-ele anya na mmepe nke Newts site n'echiche ọha na eze sara mbara. N'oge dị iche iche, ndekọ onye na-akọ akụkọ yiri ka ọ na-abanye na nke onye nta akụkọ, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ. Ndị atọ kachasị mkpa bụ Captain J. van Toch, onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke chọpụtara Newts; Maazị Gussie H. Bondy, onye na-emepụta ihe nke na-eduga mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ Newt; na Maazị Povondra, onye na'ọnụ ụzọ Maazị Bondy. Ha niile na-apụta n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ, mana ọ dịghị onye a ga-ekwu na ọ na-akwalite akụkọ ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị mkpa. Ha atọ bụ ndị Czech.

E kewara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ụzọ atọ ma ọ bụ 'akwụkwọ'.

 Akwụkwọ nke Mbụ - Andrias Scheuchzeri 
Akụkụ nke mbụ na-akọwa nchọpụta Captain van Toch banyere Newts na Tanahmasa, obere agwaetiti dị nso na Sumatra, mmetọ mbụ ha n'ọrụ ugbo pearl, mmalite nke mgbasa ha gburugburu oké osimiri nke ụwa, na mmepe nke okwu ha na ịmịkọrọ ọdịbendị mmadụ. Akụkụ ahụ mechiri site na ntọala nke Salamander Syndicate, atụmatụ siri ike nke Maazị Bondy mepụtara iji mee ka ihe onwunwe Newt pụọ na ụlọ ọrụ pearl na-ebelata ma banye na nnukwu ọrụ hydroengineering. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ njedebe nke mmepe akụkọ nke ngalaba a, mgbe ọ gasịrị enwere ihe mgbakwunye ọzọ akpọrọ 'The Sex Life of the Newts'. Nke a na-enyocha mmekọahụ na usoro ọmụmụ nke Newts na pastiche nke agụmakwụkwọ.
Ụda nke ngalaba mbụ na-abụkarị satire na-enweghị obi ụtọ, n'adịghị ka ụda gbara ọchịchịrị nke akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke akụkọ ahụ. Čapek na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ adịghị ike mmadụ, site na mpako nke Hollywood starlets, na mpako dị n'etiti àgwà ndị Europe n'ebe agbụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha nọ. Ọ na-agbagọkwa obi ike nke sayensị; a na-ahụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ugboro ugboro na-eleda ikike nke Newts anya ma na-enyocha okwu ndị ọzọ metụtara ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, mgbe niile na-enwe obi ike zuru oke na izi ezi nke nkwupụta ha.

A sụgharịrị agha na Newts n'asụsụ Bekee ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro atọ. Ndị na-enyocha na-akọwa nsụgharị Allen &amp; Unwin nke 1936 site n'aka ndị otu di na nwunye nke Marie na Robert Weatherall dị ka ndị ruru eru ma na-enweghị mkpali.  na-echekwa asụsụ nke oge ahụ, mana ụfọdụ n'ime usoro edemede Čapek kpuchiri.  nke 1985, nke Czech Ewald Osers, bụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-enyocha na-ewere dị ka nke ka elu, na-ejide nghọta na ihe atụ siri ike nke mbụ. Nsụgharị a kwadoro site na UNESCO Collection of Representative Works. Onye ntụgharị Kafka David Wyllie dechara nsụgharị ọzọ. Nsụgharị ọhụrụ na Russian, Polish, French, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, na Hungarian apụtala kemgbe afọ 1960. 

 Mgbanwe 
'afọ 1981, Kenny Murray na Ken Campbell gbanwere akụkọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ egwuregwu, nke emere na Everyman Theatre na Liverpool. Ihe mmepụta nke afọ 2003, nke dabeere na nsụgharị Bekee nke Ewald Osers, bụ nke E.B. Solomon kwadoro maka ihe nkiri ma mee na Kennedy Center's Prelude Festival na mgbe e mesịrị na Catholic University of America na Mead Theatre Lab. N'afọ 2010, Jason Loewith na Justin D.M. Palmer (na mmekorita ya na onye na-emepụta ụmụ bebi Michael Montenegro) mere ihe nkiri na Next Theatre na Evanston, Illinois.

N'afọ 1981, Ken Campbell duziri War With the Newts na Riverside Studios na Hammersmith, London. Mụ na Henry Davis, Txi Whizz; onye ndụmọdụ, Nigel Bourne

'afọ 1998, Stephan Koplowitz duziri / choreographed / mepụtara mmegharị / ihe nkiri / mmepụta egwu nke War With the Newts na Dance Theater Workshop, David Lindsay-Abaire kwadoro edemede ahụ, na egwu Andrew Warshaw.

'afọ 2005, e mepụtara ihe nkiri BBC Radio, nke Dermot Crowley, Sally Hawkins, Henry Goodman, Geoffrey Beevers, Tina Gray, na Adrian Scarborough.

N'afọ 2022, e nwere podcast egwu akpọrọ Newts!  PRX na The Truth mepụtara ya, nke Ian Coss na Sam Jay Gold mepụtara.

Email from Robert Zubrin to Tim McMahon dated 9-18-2003Robert Zubrin kwuru na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke afọ 2003 The Holy Land, nke na-atọ ọchị banyere esemokwu Middle East na Agha na Terror, sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke The War with the Newts.

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ Jaroslav Kalfař nke afọ 2023 A Brief History of Living Forever, onye isi bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri a na-akpọ The Great Newt War .

Ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri nke onye nduzi Czech bụ Aurel Klimt duziri na-emepe emepe.

Egwuregwu vidio Hrot gụnyere ọkwa nke agha na Newts kpaliri.

 Nnakwere 
Dave Langford nyochara War with the Newts for White Dwarf #74, ma kwuo na "amaghị nke Čapek na-agbanwe ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-atọ ọchị n'ime ihe na-egbu mgbu". 

 Ntụle 

 Nnyocha nke George D. Martindale (1955) na Inside and Science Fiction Advertiser, May 1955 
 Nnyocha nke Anthony Boucher (1955) na The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, July 1955
 Nnyocha nke Damon Knight (1955) na Science Fiction Stories, July 1955
 Nnyocha nke P. Schuyler Miller (1968) na Analog Science Fiction and Science Fact, February 1968
 Nnyocha nke Tony Sudbery (1969) na Vector 54 Autumn 1969
 Nnyocha nke Allan Danzig (1976) na The Science Fiction Review Monthly, Jenụwarị 1976
 Nnyocha site na uncredited (1976) na The Science Fiction Review Monthly, September 1976
 Nnyocha nke Don D'Ammassa (1977) na Delap's F & SF Review, June 1977
 Nnyocha nke Brian Stableford (1986) na Fantasy Review, February 1986
 Nnyocha nke Denise Gorse (1986) na Paperback Inferno, #60
 Nnyocha nke Chris Morgan (1986) na Vector 132
 Nnyocha nke Baird Searles (1991) na Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Septemba 1991
 Nnyocha nke Rhys Hughes (2014) na Big Sky, #4: SF Masterworks 2

 Hụkwa 

 Akwụkwọ Czech

 Edensibia 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Čapek na ọrụ ya
 Agha ya na Newts, trans. site na David Wyllie (2002) na Project Gutenberg Australia  (n'asụsụ Bekee)  
 Ihe odide zuru ezu na Czech mbụ
 Válka s Mloky