Njem ndị ìsì nke 1920

Njem kpuru isi nke afọ 1920 bụ ngagharị ngagharị iwe na London nke ndị ìsì 250 sitere n'ofe United Kingdom. Ndị otu National League of the Blind (NLB) haziri ya iji mee mkpesa na ọnọdụ ọrụ adịghị mma na ịda ogbenye nke ndị ìsì nwere. Karịsịa NLB welitere nchegbu maka ọnọdụ n'ime ogbako a na-agba iji nye ndị na-ahụhụ anya ọrụ dị iche iche. Ndị njem ahụ gbakọtara na Newport, Manchester na Leeds na 5 Eprel wee gaa London, gbakọta na Trafalgar Square na 25 Eprel. Ìgwè mmadụ 10,000 gere ntị n'okwu Herbert Morrison na ndị isi otu ndị ọrụ nabatara ekele ha. Ndị isi njem ahụ zutere praịm minista David Lloyd George na 30 Eprel, onye kwere nkwa ole na ole ma e wezụga ịkwụ ụgwọ maka tiketi ụgbọ oloko ndị njem. Iwu nke ndị ìsì sochiri 1920, iwu mbụ gbasara nkwarụ n'ụwa, manyere ndị isi obodo ka ha hụ na ọdịmma ndị ìsì ma belata afọ ezumike nka maka ndị ìsì. Njem ahụ jere ozi dị ka mkpali maka 1936 Jarrow March a ma ama megide enweghị ọrụ, nke NLB sokwa na ya.

 ndabere 
Otu ndị ọrụ na otu nrụgide, National League of the Blind (NLB), tọrọ ntọala na 1894 iji kwalite ikike nke ndị nwere anya; onye nchoputa-otu, Ben Purse, ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu mbụ ya na 1897.   N'oge a, ọtụtụ ndị ìsì na-adabere na obere ọrụ akwụ ụgwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ebere n'okpuru ọnọdụ adịghị mma. Ndị ọrụ ebere na-achịkwakarị ndị ọrụ ha gụnyere igbochi ma ha nwere ike ịlụ.  E boro ebubo na ọtụtụ n'ime ego ndị ọrụ ebere na-emefu ndị ọrụ na-ahụ ụzọ. 

NLB nwere obere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwalite ọdịmma ndị ìsì n'ime afọ ndị bu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-eme ihe mbụ ya na Bristol na 1912. Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020.  Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, n'ime oge nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eje ozi kpuo ìsì site na gas na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ shells, ọtụtụ ndị ìsì bi n'ọnọdụ dara ogbenye. NLB mere atụmatụ na 20,000 n'ime ndị 35,000 ndị ìsì na United Kingdom nọ na ịda ogbenye.  Ndị NLB nwere nnukwu nzukọ na Trafalgar Square na 1918 wee mebie nnọkọ nke House of Commons na 1919. Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ahụ emeghị ka iwu kwadoro onye òtù omeiwu nke Labour Ben Tillett, mgbalị nke atọ iji webata iwu iji meziwanye ọdịmma ndị ìsì. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7. NLB zara site n'ịkpọ oku maka njem iji chọọ ikike ndị ọzọ maka ndị ìsì na ọnọdụ ọrụ dị mma. 

 Maachị 
Ndị NLB kpebiri na ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwoke ka a ga-ahapụ ịbanye na njem ahụ n'ihi na a na-atụ anya na ọnọdụ n'ụzọ ahụ adịghị mma. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ ezie na o nwere ọtụtụ ndị òtù bụ ndị bụbu ndị agha Briten, e kpebiri na ha agaghị eme njem n'ihi na otu ahụ achọghị ka e kwuo ọmịiko ịhụ mba n'anya dị ka ihe mere o ji nwee ọganihu. Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Ndị na-eme njem ahụ agaghị enwe ihe ejikere nke ọma, na-ebu nanị okpete ha na-acha ọcha, ha enweghịkwa uwe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ ihe oriri. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe NLB kpachaara anya mee iji gosi ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe dị ka ndị na-adịghị ike ma gọnarị echiche a ma ama na ndị ọrụ ebere na-elekọta ha nke ọma.  Ọ bụ Purse, David Lawley (onye nhazi NLB North West) na Patrick Neary (odeakwụkwọ alaka Dublin) duru njem ahụ.  

Njem ahụ malitere na Ista Mọnde, 5 Eprel 1920 site na Newport, Manchester na Leeds. "Marching into history". Royal National Institute of the Blind. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Ndị njem Newport iri atọ na asaa sitere na Wales na South West England, ndị 60 gbakọtara na Manchester sitere Ireland na North West England na ndị 74 na Leeds si Scotland na North East England.  Ndị otu Newport gara site na Abergavenny na Worcester, na-ezute ndị otu Manchester, bụ ndị gafere Stafford na Wolverhampton, na Birmingham. Otu a jikọtara ọnụ wee gaa Leicester izute ndị njem Leeds bụ ndị si na Sheffield na Nottingham gaa njem. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7. Mgbe ha sonyechara na Leicester na 15 Eprel ndị otu ahụ gafere Market Harborough ruo Northampton na Wellingborough na 17 Eprel yana Luton na 20 Eprel. Ha eruola 250 n'ọnụọgụ oge njem ahụ rutere na Trafalgar Square London na 25 Eprel, ebe igwe mmadụ 10,000 kelere ha. Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020. 

Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ahụ bu ọkọlọtọ na-agụ "ikpe ziri ezi abụghị ọrụ ebere" ma na-esonyere ya na egwu a na-akpọ na ịgbà, opi egwuregwu ụmụaka na akụkụ ọnụ. "Marching into history". Royal National Institute of the Blind. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Ndị ikom ahụ ji ogwe aka na ogwe aka anọ zọọ ụkwụ ma ọ bụ jidesie eriri ike ka ha ghara ikewa. Ndị nduzi a na-ahụ anya so ha na-aga ma jiri fhịhịa ma ọ bụ iti mkpu na-eduzi ndị ikom ahụ.  N'ime ime obodo ụfọdụ, ndị uwe ojii nọ n'ógbè ahụ nyere ndị na-eme njem ahụ ndị njem, ndị ọzọ tinyere n'ụgbọ ala ibuga ndị ikom ahụ. Ndị njem ahụ buru ụgbọ oloko n'etiti Stone na Stafford n'ihi ihu igwe adịghị mma.  Ndị ikom ahụ chọtara ebe obibi n'ụzọ ahụ, nke ndị otu ndị ọrụ na ndị otu na-arụkọ ọrụ nyere na mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahapụ ha ka ha hie ụra n'ọnụ ụlọ ndị uwe ojii.  Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7.

Ụfọdụ obodo na obodo ndị e mere ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ mmemme nke ndị isi obodo bịara na egwu sitere n'ọgbọ ọla. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7. Na Trafalgar Square Labour Party onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Herbert Morrison na ndị isi otu na-agwa igwe mmadụ okwu ebe ndị ngagharị iwe guzoro na steepụ nke National Gallery. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7.

 N'ikpeazụ 
Ndị njem ahụ rịọrọ ka ha na praịm minista, David Lloyd George nwee nzukọ, nke ha kwuru na o kwere ha nkwa na July 1919. Lloyd George na mbụ jụrụ izute ha, na-enye Lord Privy Seal na osote ya dị irè Iwu Bonar . Ndị njem ahụ jụrụ ihe a ma kwuo na ha ga-anọ na Lọndọn ruo mgbe ha na Lloyd George ga-ezute.  Mgbe ha na-eche, a kpọrọ ha ka ha na Lady Astor ṅụọ tii n'ụlọ ndị nkịtị.  Lloyd George mechara chegharịa wee zute, na 30 Eprel, ya na Lawley, Neary, Purse na Charles Lothian.   Onye isi ala kwuru na mmefu ego ya nwere oke, n'ihi ụgwọ agha a na-akwụ, na ya enweghị ike imezu ihe ha chọrọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ka mma, ohere ọrụ karịa na inye ndị ìsì niile aka. Kama gọọmentị ga-aga n'ihu n'iwu nke ndị ìsì wee kwụọ ụgwọ maka tiketi ụgbọ oloko maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ịlaghachi n'ụlọ.  Ọ bụ ezie na a kparịtara ụka n'iwu yiri nke ahụ tupu njem ahụ; ma Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Francis Salt na-ede na 2017 na-ekwu na omume ọhụrụ a bụ nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke mkpesa 1920 NLB.  

N'agbanyeghị na njem a emezughị ebumnobi ya niile, BBC kọwara ya dị ka "ihe dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme maka ikike ikike nkwarụ". Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Iwu nke ndị ìsì 1920 bụ iwu izizi gbasara nkwarụ n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa. "Marching into history". Royal National Institute of the Blind. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020. Iwu ahụ chọrọ ka ndị ọchịchị obodo “kwalite ọdịmma ndị ìsì” ma belata afọ ezumike nka nke ndị ìsì site na 70 ruo 50. Ndị NLB tụrụ egwu na omume ahụ ga-ahapụ naanị ndị ọchịchị obodo ka ha na-arụ ọrụ ha na ndị ọrụ ebere ha na-emegide. Ndị NLB mechara nyefee mkpesa nke enweghị afọ ojuju na nzaghachi gọọmentị na njem ahụ.  Pọọsụ gbanwere echiche ya wee bụrụ ndị ọrụ ebere karịa, nke a adabaghị na ọnọdụ NLB wee hapụ nzukọ ahụ na 1920, hiwere National Union of the Industrial and Professional Blind (nke na-aga n'ihu, dịka nke 2020, dị ka National Federation). nke otu ndị na-akwado ndị ìsì ). 

Njem ahụ nyere aka kpalie ndị a ma ama, mana ọ na-aga nke ọma, 1936 Jarrow March megide enweghị ọrụ. Maitland, Sara; Pester, Holly; Holness, Matthew; Cottrell-Boyce, Frank; Hedgecock, Andy; Hird, Laura; Green, Michelle; Alland, Sandra; Evers, Stuart; Waal, Kit de; Sayle, Alexei; Constantine, David; Gee, Maggie; Rhydderch, Francesca; Ross, Jacob; Quinn, Joanna; Bedford, Martyn; Jacques, Juliet; Newland, Courttia; Clanchy, Kate (2017). Protest: Stories of Resistance. Comma Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-905583-73-7. NLB sonyeere 1936 Jarrow March iji gosi ọnọdụ enweghị ọrụ n'etiti ndị ìsì nke ruru 35,000 n'ime 40,000 n'oge oke ịda mbà n'obi . French, Sally (2017). Visual Impairment and Work: Experiences of Visually Impaired People. Taylor & Francis. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-317-17374-8. NLB jikọtara ya na Iron and Steel Trade Confederation na 2000 ma bụrụ akụkụ ugbu a nke Community Union.  RNIB mere akara narị afọ nke March na Eprel 2020. Agbanyeghi na emechiri atụmatụ ha n'ihi oria ojoo COVID-19, RNIB gbara ndị mmadụ ume ka ha jiri mmega ahụ ekwere ha kwa ụbọchị n'oge mkpọchi nje iji mee ihe dị mkpa nye ha wee dekọọ ya na mgbasa ozi ọha. Main, Edward (30 April 2020). "'Justice not charity' – the blind marchers who made history". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

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