Asụsụ Tulu

OnyeTuḷuvaNdị mmadụTuḷuvarŭAsụsụTupuMbaTuḷu Nāḍŭ
Tulu bụ asụsụ Dravidian nke ndị na-asụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na Dakshina Kannada na n'akụkụ ndịda nke Udupi nke Karnataka na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ India yana kwa na akụkụ ugwu nke Kasaragod district nke Kerala. A na-akpọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu dị ka ndị Tuluva ma ọ bụ ndị Tulu na mpaghara mpaghara a na-akpọ Tulu Nadu n'enweghị iwu.

Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India nke afọ 2011 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,846,427 ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na India. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2001 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,722,768 na-asụ asụsụ ala. E ihe isi ike ụfọdụ n'ịgụ ndị na-asụ Tulu ndị si n'ógbè ha kwapụ dịka a na-agụkarị ha dị ka ndị na-ekwu Kannada na Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India.

Nkewapụrụ na Proto-South Dravidian,  Tulu nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ na Tamil-Kannada. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere pluperfect na ọdịnihu zuru oke, dị ka French ma ọ bụ Spanish, mana e mepụtara ya na-enweghị ngwaa enyemaka.

  asụsụ a na-asụ na Tulu Nadu, nke nwere mpaghara Dakshina Kannada na Udupi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Karnataka na mpaghara ugwu nke Mpaghara Kasaragod nke Kerala  . A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na Kalasa na Mudigere taluks nke mpaghara Chikkamagaluru na Tirthahalli, Hosanagar nke mpaghara Shimoga. Ndị -abụghị ndị na-asụ Tulu gụnyere ndị bi na mpaghara Tulunadu mana ndị na- asụ Asụsụ Beary, asụsụ Havyaka yana Konkani na Koraga dị ka asụsụ nne ha.  Tulu Nadu, a na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ Tulu na Maharashtra, [1] Bangalore, Chennai, ụwa na-asụrụ Bekee, na mba Gulf. [2] [3]

Ihe odide dị iche iche nke Tulu site na narị afọ nke 15 dị na edemede Tulu.  E dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ nke Tulu aha ya bụ Sri Bhagavato na Kaveri site na narị afọ nke iri na asaa n'otu edemede ahụ.  A maara asụsụ Tulu maka akwụkwọ ọ na-ede n'ụdị uri a na-akpọ Pardan. Epic nke Siri Steever, Sanford B (2015). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge. pp. 158–163. ISBN 9781136911644. akụkọ ifo nke Koti na Chennayya so n'ụdị akwụkwọ Tulu a.

 Nchịkọta 


 Okwu mmalite 
Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ P. Gururaja Bhat kwuru na Tulunadu (akwụkwọ nyocha) na Tuluva sitere n'okwu ahụ bụ turuva, ebe turu pụtara 'ụmụ ehi' ma na-ezo aka n'ebe ndị yadava ma ọ bụ cowherd na-achị.

[citation needed]

 Ọnọdụ gọọmentị 
Tulu abụghị asụsụ gọọmentị nke India ma ọ bụ mba ọ bụla ọzọ. A na-eme mgbalị itinye Tulu na Ndepụta nke 8 nke Iwu.  'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, n'oge Vishwa Tulu Sammelan nke mbụ haziri na Ujire-Dharmastala, mgbe ahụ Chief Minister Karnataka B. S. Yediyurappa kwere nkwa izipu aro ọhụrụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu. [1] 'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, a haziri mkpọsa n'ịntanetị iji tinye Tulu na usoro iwu nke asatọ [1] N'ọnwarị 2017, mgbe praịm minista Narendra Modi, gara Ụlọ Nsọ Dharmasthala, e gosipụtara otu ihe ahụ n'ihu ya. [2] N'otu aka ahụ, na 2018, Onye omeiwu si na mpaghara Kasargod, P. Karunakaran, welitere otu arịrịọ ahụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu.  19 Febụwarị 2020, Vedavyas Kamath onye so na Mangaluru (n'ebe ndịda) nke Nzukọ Ndị Ome Iwu, nyere onye isi minista B. S. Yediyurappa na minista maka njem nleta, Kannada na ọdịbendị, C. T. Ravi, akwụkwọ, na-achọ ọnọdụ gọọmentị maka asụsụ Tulu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, MLA ọzọ si Moodbidri Umanath Kotian gbara gọọmentị steeti ume ka ha tinye nrụgide na gọọmentị union ka ha gbakwunye asụsụ Tulu na usoro ihe omume nke asatọ n'oge nnọkọ ahụ. 'ọnwa Julaị 2021, ndị otu atọ dị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Karnataka: BJP, Congress na Janata Dal (Secular), kwadoro echiche ahụ. [1]

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Ihe odide kachasị ochie  na Tulu sitere n'oge dị n'etiti narị afọ nke 7 na nke 8 AD.    Ihe odide ndị a dị na edemede Tulu ma chọta ya n'ebe dị na gburugburu Barkur nke bụ isi obodo Tulu Nadu n'oge Vijayanagar. A na-ahụ otu ihe odide ọzọ na Ullur Subrahmanya Temple dị nso na Kundapura. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ dị ka S.U. Panniyadi na L. V. Ramaswami Iyer yana P.S. Subrahmanya tụrụ aro na Tulu so n'asụsụ kachasị ochie n'ezinụlọ Dravidian nke gbasara n'onwe ya site na mgbọrọgwụ Proto-Dravidian ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 2500 gara aga. Nkwupụta a dabere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Tulu ka na-echekwa ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Asụsụ Proto-Dravidian.

 Ebe ọmụmụ na nyocha nke Tulu 
Tulu dị ka asụsụ na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na Karnataka na Kasaragod dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Kerala. Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy,  ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị steeti Karnataka guzobere na 1994, ewebatala Tulu dị ka asụsụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Karnataka, gụnyere Alva's High School, Moodbidri; Dattanjaneya High School, Odiyoor; Ramakunjeshwara English-medium High School, Ramakunja; na Vani Composite Pre-University College, Belthangady.  mbụ, a malitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na isii, [1] a na-akụzi asụsụ ahụ ugbu a n'ihe karịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ iri atọ na atọ, nke iri atọ n'ime ha dị na mpaghara Dakshina Kannada. Ihe k ụmụ akwụkwọ 1500 ahọrọla ịmụ asụsụ a.

Gọọmentị Kerala guzobere Kerala Tulu Academy na 2007. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'inweta na ịgbasa asụsụ na ọdịbendị Tulu na Kerala site na ọrụ dị iche iche dịka ịhazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Tulu, wdg. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị na Hosangadi, Manjeshwar na Kasaragod.

A na-akụzi Tulu dị ka asụsụ na ọkwa post-graduate na Mahadum Mangalore, ma enwere ngalaba raara onwe ya nye maka ọmụmụ Tulu, ntụgharị na nyocha na Mahadum Dravidian  na Kuppam Andhra Pradesh. Degree College [1] na Kasaragod na Kerala webatara usoro asambodo na Tulu maka afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2009-2010. O webatara Tulu dị ka isiokwu nhọrọ na nkuzi Kannada ya. Ọ nabatara syllabi site na akwụkwọ ndị Tulu Sahitya Academy bipụtara.

Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Germany bụ Kammerer na Männer bụ ndị mbụ mere nchọpụta banyere asụsụ ahụ. Kammerer chịkọtara ihe dị ka okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enyemaka nke gọọmentị Madras nke oge ahụ. Mgbalị ahụ ezughi oke, ebe ọ na-ekpuchi akụkụ niile nke asụsụ ahụ. Govinda Pai Research Centre na MGM College, Udupi malitere ọrụ Tulu lexicon afọ 18 n'afọ 1979. 

Asụsụ dị iche iche, okwu pụrụ iche eji eme ihe maka ọrụ dị iche iche.  ọrụ ahụ ewepụtakwala mpịakọta isii, asụsụ atọ, ọnụahịa dị ala nke Tulu-Kannada-English lexicon. E nyere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu Gundert Award maka akwụkwọ ọkọwaokwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ na 1996.  Septemba 2011, Kansụl agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Mangalore nabatara aro, iji kwe ka mahadum na kọleji ndị metụtara ya nye asambodo, diplọma na ọmụmụ diplọma na Tulu, ma n'ụzọ nkịtị ma n'ụdị akwụkwọ ozi [1] 

 Hụkwa 

 Ọgba aghara Gokak
 Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Tulu
 Aliya Kattu

 Ihe edeturu 
okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enye

 Edensibia 

 Ebe e si nweta ya 



 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Caldwell, R., A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages, London: Harrison, 1856.; E bipụtara ya na London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. site na J. L. Wyatt na T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, Mahadum nke Madras, 1961, bipụtaghachiri Asian Educational Services, 1998.   ISBN 81-206-0117-3
 C. (1875). A Comparative Grammar nke Dravidian ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ South-Indian. London: Trübner na Co., Ludgate Hill.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   ISBN 2-213-01254-7
 Hall, Edith (2002), "Ndị na-agụ egwú nke oge ochie" na Pat Easterling & Edith Hall, ed., Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Greek na Roman: Aspects of an Ancient Profession, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.   ISBN 0-521-65140-9
 Lauri Honko, Textualisation of Oral Epics.   ISBN 3-11-016928-2
 William Pais, Ala A Na-akpọ South Canara.   ISBN 81-7525-148-4
 Bhat, S.L. A Grammar of Tulu: a Dravidian language.   ISBN 81-85691-12-6
 Männer, A. Tuḷu-English dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1886
 Männer, A. English-Tuḷu dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1888
 Brigel, J. A Grammar of the Tulu language, Mangalore, nke C. Stolz bipụtara, Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository, 1872

 Bhat D. N. S. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
 Vinson, Julien (1878), Ngwaa n'asụsụ Dravidian: Tamil, Canara, Télinga, Malayâla, tulu, wdg, Maisonneuve na cie.Paris
 Burnell, Arthur Coke (1874), Elements of South-Indian Palæography from the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A.D., Trübner & Co.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkụ nke nkà mmụta asụsụ. Ebe a na-ebipụta ya amaghị: Hardpress Ltd.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ nke Tulu: asụsụ Dravidian. Thiruvananthapuram: Òtù asụsụ Dravidian.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia: mmeghe. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
 Padmanabha, Kekunnaya [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha ntụnyere nke asụsụ Tulu. Udupi
 Narayana, S. B. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
 Upadhyaya, U. P. (onye nwụrụ). Tulu Lexicon: Tulu-Kannada-English Dictionary. Udupi
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe eji eme ihe maka eserese nke ụdaolu Tulu. Lahore









 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke Tulu Academy nke Karnataka
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu n'ịntanetị
 Tulupedia
 Tuluver.com
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kopparige Tulu
 Asụsụ Tulu na mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations