Thomas Peters (onye na-eme mgbanwe)

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Sowunmi bịanyere aka na ihe Hibernian nke Scotland na 6 February 2007 mgbe ọ masịrị onye njikwa John Collins mgbe ọ na-ekpe ikpe. N'ime egwuregwu nke abụọ ya, ọ bịara dị ka onye n'chiri anya ọkara oge na nchepụta iri na ise nke Scottish Cup na Queen of the South wee nweta goolu dị mkpa na mmeri 2-1. Hibernian tọhapụrụ Sowunmi na June, ma Sowunmi bịanyere aka na ya maka Vasas Budapest na Septemba 2007.

N'ịbụ onye gbara ohu na Province nke North Carolina, Peters gbapụrụ wee sonye na ndị agha Britain n'oge Agha Mgbanwe nke America. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-eguzosi ike n’ezi ihe na Black Company nke ndị ọsụ ụzọ dị na New York ma chụpụ ya na ndị agha Britain na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ bụbu ndị ohu na njedebe nke agha ahụ. Akpọrọ Thomas Peters "dike mbụ nke Africa-American". Dị ka Elijah Johnson na Joseph Jenkins Roberts nke Liberia, a na-ewere Peters dị ka onye Afrika-American guzobere nna nke mba, na nke a, Sierra Leone.

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Thomas Peters na West Africa, site na ebo Yoruba, nke ezinụlọ Egba. [isi mmalite nke onwe ya]

Dị ka Dictionary of Canadian Biography si kwuo: Dictionary of Canadian biographyAkụkọ ihe mere eme enyela Thomas Peters ọmụmụ dị mma na West Africa, ebe e chere na a tọọrọ ya dị ka nwa okorobịa ma wetara ya dị ka ohu n'ógbè ndị America. Ihe akaebe izizi gosipụtara ya na 1776 dị ka ohu William Campbell dị afọ 38 na Wilmington, North Carolina. N’afọ ahụ, nke mkpọsa nke Gọvanọ Lord Dunmore nke Virginia gbara ume na 1775 na-ekwe nkwa nnwere onwe nye ndị ohu nwere nnupụisi bụ́ ndị sonyeere ndị agha na-eguzosi ike n’ihe, Peters gbapụrụ n’ubi Campbell wee debanye aha na ndị Black Pioneers na New York. Na 1779, na nzaghachi nye òkù ọhụrụ a kpọrọ ndị ohu nnupụisi ka ha tinye onwe ha n'okpuru nchebe Britain ma hà chọrọ ibu agha maka okpueze ma ọ bụ na ha achọghị, otu nwanyị dị afọ 26 aha ya bụ Sally si Charleston, South Carolina, pụtara na Ogige ndị Britain, ya onwe ya kwa sonyeere ndị ọsụ ụzọ ojii. N'ọrụ ahụ, ọ zutere Peters, bụ onye na 1779 e buliri ọkwa sajentị, ha lụkwara.

 Ịgba Ohu 
N'afọ 1760, ndị ahịa ohu weghaara onye Afrịka ahụ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, nke e mesịrị kpọọ Thomas Peters, ma wetara ya dị ka ohu French Louisiana n'ụgbọ mmiri French, Henri Quatre. Mgbe ọ bịarutere North America, ikekwe na New Orleans, e rere ya onye France na-akụ ihe. Peters gbalịrị ịgbapụ ugboro atọ tupu e resị ya onye England ma ọ bụ onye Scotsman n'otu n'ime ndịda Colonies. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ Campbell, onye Scotsman kwabatara, onye biri na Cape Fear River na Wilmington, North Carolina.

 Agha Mgbanwe nke America 
N'afọ 1776, Peters gbapụrụ n'ebe a na-emepụta ntụ ọka nna ya ukwu dị nso na Wilmington na mmalite nke American Revolutionary War wee kwaga New York, bụ ebe o sonyeere ndị Black Pioneers, otu òtù ndị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nke ojii mejupụtara ndị ohu Africa-American gbara ọsọ ndụ. Ndị Briten ekwebula nkwa nnwere onwe nye ndị ohu nke nnupụisi n'ọnọdụ maka ịkwado agha a na-alụ megide mba ndị malitere United States ọhụrụ. Ọtụtụ ndị bụbu ndị ohu sonyeere ndị Britain n’afọ nke agha ahụ ka e guzobesịrị United States dị ka mba; n'okpuru iwu America a ka na-ewere ha dị ka ndị ohu na US chọrọ ka ndị Britain weghachi "ihe onwunwe ha."

N'ịbụ onye na-akwaga New York, Peters ruru n'ọkwá nke sergeant na Black Pioneers regiment na e merụrụ ya ahụ ugboro abụọ n'agha. N’oge a, Thomas lụrụ Sally Peters, bụ́ ohu gbara ọsọ ndụ si South Carolina. Ha nwere nwa nwanyị a na-akpọ Clairy (a mụrụ na 1771) na nwa nwoke John (a mụrụ na 1781). Sally na Peters nwere ike ịbụ ndị ohu ọnụ na South Carolina ma ghọọ ndị ọzọ n'oge agha ahụ. Peters jere ozi na nnọchibido Britain nke Charleston, South Carolina, n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1776, ma soro ha mgbe ha kwagara n'ebe ugwu iji were Philadelphia, oche nke Continental Congress, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1777.

 A kwagara ya na Nova Scotia 
Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Peters na ihe dị ka puku mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ bụbu ndị Africa-America bụ ndị Briten, bụ́ ndị kwere nkwa nnwere onwe, chụpụrụ, ma biri na Nova Scotia, tinyere ndị ọcha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe. Okpueze ahụ nyere ndị ọsụ ụzọ ala na ihe ndị ha ga-enye aka n’afọ nke mbụ. Ezinụlọ Peters bi n'ebe a site na 1783 ruo 1791. Ná mmalite mgbe e si na New York kpọpụ ya, ụgbọ mmiri bu Peters agbaala n'ụzọ, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri wee biri na Bermuda ruo nwa oge. N'ikpeazụ Thomas Peters na ezinụlọ ya biri na Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Peters na Black Pioneer ibe ya, Murphy Steele, rịọrọ gọọmentị maka ala ọnụ. Steele na Peters aghọọla enyi n'oge ha na-ejere ndị ọsụ ụzọ ojii ozi.

 Arịrịọ maka ibi na Sierra Leone Colony, West Africa 
Peters nwere nkụda mmụọ maka ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka nkwa ala na enyemaka nke gọọmentị Britain mebiri. Ya na ndị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nke ojii nwekwara ahụhụ site na ịkpa oke sitere n'aka ndị ọcha na Nova Scotia. O kpebiri ịga England ịchọ ala ahụ e kwere ya na ndị ọzọ ná nkwa. Peters chịkọtara mbinye aka na akara nke ndị Africa-American bi na Nova Scotia na New Brunswick tupu ha enweta ego iji gaa London ma kwenye Gọọmenti iji dozie ndị ojii na Nova Scotia n'ebe ọzọ.

Na 1791, Peters gara London, bụ ebe o nyere aka mee ka gọọmentị Britain kwenye (site n'enyemaka nke Granville Sharp) ka ha kwe ka ha dozie ógbè ọhụrụ na West Africa. Emechara guzobe nke a dị ka Freetown, Sierra Leone. A nabatara Peters nke ọma n'oge njem ya na Lọndọn, onye ọchịagha mbụ ya bụ General Henry Clinton kpọbakwara ya na ụfọdụ ndị a ma ama, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị enweghị mmasị. Ekpebiri na London na Peters na onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri John Clarkson, nwanne nwoke onye England na-ekpochapụ Thomas Clarkson, ga-enyere aka n'ịweta ndị ojii ka ha biri na Sierra Leone.

 Ịkpọbata ndị mbịarambịa maka Sierra Leone 
Peters laghachiri na Nova Scotia na mmeri n'ọchịchọ ya. Ya na ndị isi David George, Moses Wilkinson, Joseph Leonard, Cato Perkins, William Ash, John Ball, na Isiah Limerick kwalitere ịkwaga Sierra Leone n'etiti ndị ọsụ ụzọ ojii na obodo Birchtown, Halifax, Shelbourne, na Annapolis Royal. Peters na David Edmons (Edmonds) sitere na Annapolis Royal rịọrọ John Clarkson maka beef ka o mee ekeresimesi ikpeazụ ha na North America na 1791. David Edmonds mechara bụrụ onye ọbịa nke ọma na Sierra Leone na enyi Paul Cuffee, onye ọchụnta ego Boston, Massachusetts bụkwa onye na-azụ ahịa. kwalitere ndozigharị nke ndị Africa America na Sierra Leone.

 Sierra Leone 
Ihe karịrị 1,100 n'ime ndị isi ojii 3,500 America kpebiri ịkwaga West Africa. Ọtụtụ sitere na ezinụlọ nwere ọgbọ ọmụmụ na British Colonies iri na atọ; ole na ole, dị ka Peters, na-alaghachi n'Africa nke ọmụmụ ha.

Na 1792, ha rutere St. George Bay Harbor. Dị ka akụkọ ifo si kwuo, Thomas Peters duuru ndị Nova Scotians n'ikpere mmiri na-abụ abụ ochie nke Ndị Kraịst (ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ ndị ndú okpukpe ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta). Mgbe a họpụtara John Clarkson ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ nke ebe obibi ahụ, Peters nwere esemokwu ya na ya; Peters kpọrọ onwe ya "Speaker General" nke ndị ọbịa Annapolis Royal Nova Scotia. N'agbanyeghị na ọ nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị ama ama n'etiti ndị ọbịa dịka Abraham Elliot Griffiths na Henry Beverhout,: 97  mechara ọtụtụ ndị Nova Scotians kwuputara John Clarkson dị ka onye ndu ha. Pita nwere nkụda mmụọ. Ọ so na ọtụtụ ndị mbụ biri n'ọrịa nwụrụ n'oge mmalite nke ógbè ahụ.

Peters nwere nwunye ya Sally na ụmụ asaa. Ọtụtụ Krios (ụmụ nke ndị mbụ bi na Africa-America) nwere ike ikwu na ha sitere na Peters. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ya dị ka nna ntọala, onye ụdị "George Washington" nke Freetown, Sierra Leone.

 Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ 
Ụmụ ya bụ ndị si n’agbụrụ Creole, ndị a maara dị ka ndị Krio, bụ́ ndị kasị bi na Freetown, Sierra Leone. Ụfọdụ ụmụ ya bikwa na Canada.

N'afọ 1999, gọọmentị Sierra Leone kwanyere Peters ugwu site n'itinye ya na ihe nkiri na-eme ememe ndị dike mba ahụ. N'afọ 2001, ndị na-akwado ya tụrụ aro ka a gbanwee aha Percival Street (kpọmkwem Settler Town, Sierra Leone, ebe Peters's Nova Scotians biri) na Freetown maka nsọpụrụ ya, mana nke a emebeghị.

Leo Wringer gosipụtara Peters na usoro telivishọn BBC Rough Crossings (2007), dabere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ohu Britain na America n'oge na mgbe Mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị, nke onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Simon Schama dere.

N'afọ 2011, e wuru ihe oyiyi Thomas Peters na Freetown, nke Krio Descendants Union nyere ya ọrụ.

Akpọrọ Peters ka ọ bụrụ onye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba na 2022 site n'aka gọọmentị Canada, na ndụmọdụ nke saịtị saịtị na ihe ncheta obodo.

 Hụkwa 


 Ndị Black Nova Scotia
 Ndepụta nke ndị ohu

 Ihe odide 

 Akwụkwọ 

 Simon Schama, Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves and the American Revolution, BBC Books, ISBN 0-06-053916-X Simon Schama Rough Crossins: Britain, ndị ohu na American Revolution __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ISBN __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 0-06-053916-X
 Sanneh, Lamin, Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa, Harvard University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-674-00718-2 Abolitionist Abroad: America Blacks and The Making of Modern Western Africa __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ISBN __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 0-674-00718-2