Bella Dodd

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Bella Dodd (née Visono ; 1904 [1] - 29 mụrụ 1969 [2] ) bụ onye nkuzi, ọka iwu na onye na-akwado otu onye ọrụ, onye otu Communist Party of America (CPUSA) na New York City Teachers Union (TU)  ) na ngalaba nkuzi.  1930s na 1940s ("Otu n'ime olu ndị Kọmunist kacha sie ike"), na onye na-eso ụzọ Kọmunist mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na Party na 1949

A Manchester Bella Dodd Maria Assunta Isabella Visono na 1904 na Picerno, mpaghara Basilicata, Province nke Potenza, osisi Ịtali, nke ọdụdụ n'ime ụzọ iri.  Mgbe ihe bịara United States, ha dara ogbenye nke ukwuu, ma ike ịga akwụkwọ.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na mpaghara New York City ime Evander Childs High School .  Na 1921, mgbe o dere akwụkwọ edemede, ọ gara Hunter College, mahadum ọha.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'oge akwụkwọ wee nata AB na 1925, na-a ngwa ngwa na okwu ọha na eze na ike n'ime agnosticism .  N'afọ agadi ya, ọ past onye isi oche nke kansụl ụmụ akwụkwọ.  Ọ natara MA site na Mahadum Columbia, na-ede akwụkwọ ozi ya bụ "Congress a Mirror nke Mba?"  Akwụkwọ na ngalaba iwu site na Fall 1927 ruo June 1930, wee nweta JD saịtị na akwụkwọ Iwu na Mahadum New York .

. N'oge ndụ 1930, ọ gara Europe;  Ịbụ na Fascist Ịtali omume ya n'anya ma ihe onye na-ama ndị Fascist siri ike .  [1] [2] [3] Dodd zutere ya n'ihe ngosi John Dodd n'oge njem a, ha na-ama na-egosi na September.  Na 1940, dị arọ ya n'ihi ihe eji eji.  Ha ụmụ

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N'oge ike 1925, Dodd ikike ọrụ mbụ ya dị ka onye na-amị anya onye nkuzi ihe mere eme na Seward Park High School.  Na February 1926, ọ pịa izi ihe na Hunter College, nke ọ gara n'ihu egwu mgbe ọ gafechara ule New York na 1931

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</ref> Dodd sonyeere na "Kọmitii Akwụkwọ Mgbochi Fascist."  Margaret Schlauch dɔtara ya na ndị Kọmunist: "Ndị Kọmunist na mba a hiwere onwe ya dị ka otu akwụkwọ na-alụ ogụ fasizim."  [1] Harriet Silverman kpọbatara ya onye isi otu Kọmunist nke US Earl Browder .  Ndị nkuzi gbara ya ume ka ọ gaa otu “Class Room Teachers Association,” bụ nke ọ kpakọtara gbasara Trade Union Unity League (TUUL) na otu ndị nkuzi (TU).  Ọ aha Celia Lewis, Clara Richer, na Max Diamond pụta dị ka ndị isi nke "Red minority" nke TU.  ihuenyo mbụ o nyere aka Safari mere ka nkwalite ya dị ka onye ndịiil ndị omebe iwu TU, nke ọ nara ezumike ụnwanyị isii na Akwụkwọ Hunter na Spring 1936, na-eweghara n'aka onye nchoputa TU Abraham Lefkowitz .  ( Charles J. Hendley bụ onye isi oche TU 1935-1945.) Ndị isi otu dị ka Jack Stachel na William Z. Foster akwụkwọ ka ndị ọrụ America bụ "ndị agha agha" na "proletarianized."  Site na nke ebe nke enyi na onye isi obodo Fiorello LaGuardia, Dodd ikike ezumike ọzọ.  N'oge Agha Obodo Spanish (1936–1939), ndị nkuzi nkuzi onwe ha maka Lincoln Brigade : Dodd aha Sid Babsky na Ralph Wardlaw.  Ndị otu TU gbagoro 9,000, yana ndị Kọmunist nke iri.  Ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi nkuzi na ha hiwere New York City College Teachers Union Local 537 AFT.  Dorothy Wallace sonyeere TU dị ka "uche" maka ndị Soviet, n'okpuru nwanne ya nwoke, osote onye isi oche Dale Zysman (aha Party "Jack Hardy") onye ụlọ azụ na Moscow.  Henry Linville na Abraham Lefkowitz kewara na TU ka ha guzobe New York City Teacher Guild

Ka ọ na-erule 1938, Dodd gbara arụkwaghịm na akwụkwọ Hunter wee were ọnọdụ oge niile na pro-communist TU, wee kwaga ngwa ya na Poughkeepsie iji mee ka nchekwa ndị omebe iwu steeti na Albany .  [1] N'afọ 1939, Hitler-Stalin mebiri nsogbu nsogbu na eze nke TU, na Kọmitii Rapp-Coudert nsogbu nke mgbasa nke ndị Kọmunist, na-akwado ihe ụmụaka ndị 600 ndị a na-enyo enyo na gala Pro-  Soviet.  Dodd na ndị gbara ndepụta nke ndị otu TU ọkụ n'ime ya.  Ka ọ na-erule 1940, mmegide TU gba iso: Linville na Lefkowitz kpọrọ George Googe na ndị ọzọ na-eso ndị Kọmunist sitere na American Federation of Teachers (AFT), American Federation of Labour (AFL), na ndị mmadụ George Counts  na John Childs of Teachers .  College, George Axtelle, Lovestoneites nke Ben Davidson na-edu, na ndị nkuzi si Detroit, Atlanta, na Washington.  Ndị otu ahụ hiwere "Committee to Defend the Public Schools" na Dodd na-eduzi "Women's Trade Union Committee for Peace."

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</ref>N'oge ahụ, Dodd hụ ọrụ maka NY Teacher's Union (TU) na American Labour Party, kamakwa maka Communist Party.  Obodo College nke New York chụpụrụ ndị uwe 50, ndị Morris U. Schappes .  Dodd ndụ 1940–1941 na-bụ ndị nkuzi ma ọ bụ ihie ha ọrụ ọhụrụ.  O durukwa TU banye na egwu ya na United Public Workers dika 555 UPW.  N'afọ 1942, ọ onwe ya na ndị agha n'etiti ndị Kọmunist na ndị na-agụ Stalinist Left na-achịkwa American Labour Party.  Na 1944, ọ na-ahụ maka mmeghe nke Jefferson School of Social Science, nọchiri na New York Workers School, nke Earl Browder na Alexander Trachtenberg mere.  Ụlọ akwụkwọ inye ya ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọrụ California

N'oge ya na TU, Dodd na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Party, ma ọ bụghị onye na-emeghe. Dị ka ọ gbara akaebe n'ihu HUAC na 1953, "Communist Pary kwusiri ike na ndị ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ ọha na eze bụ ndị nwere ọrụ ọha na eze agaghị ekpughe na ha abụghị ndị na-ebu kaadị. Kama, ọ jere ozi na ngalaba nke kpaliri TU " n'ụzọ nke Communist Party. " 
   Ka ọ na-erule 1943, mmetụta Dodd nwere n'ebe ndị Kọmunist nọ agbanweela:

.  Na Ma ọchịchị 1943, Gil Green kwenye Dodd ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ndị Kọmunist mepere emepe.  [1] [2] Dodd nọchiri Si Gerson (onye na-edebanye aha na ndị agha) dị ka onye ma ọ bụ ndị ndị omebe iwu Kọmunist maka mpaghara New York, na-ejigide ọnọdụ TU misali.  N'isi ụlọ ọrụ Party, ọ gara akwụkwọ Politburo na Gil Green, Earl Browder, William Z. Foster, Robert Minor, Jim Ford, Jack Stachel, John Williamson, na Elizabeth Gurley Flynn .  Dodd, Philip Jones, na Allen Goodwin nwe ụlọ ọrụ iwu na 25 West 43rd Street maka ihe eji-ama ndị Party, na-akpọ ya na National Maritime Union

 Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Ọchịchịrị (Akụkọ akụkọ ndụ Dodd)
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