A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery

A Philosopher Lecturing on the orrery, ma ọ bụ aha zuru ezu, A Philosophher giving that Lecture on the Orrery where a plaint a lamp in the place of the Sun, bụ ihe osise 1766 nke Joseph Wright nke Derby na-egosi onye nkuzi na-enye ngosipụta nke orrery - ihe nlereanya igwe nke usoro anyanwụ - nye obere ndị na-ege ntị. Ọ dị ugbu a na Derby Museum and Art Gallery  Ihe osise ahụ bu ụzọ An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump (National Gallery, London).

Nke mbụ n'ime ihe osise Wright, Three Persons Viewing the Gladiator by Candlelight, e sere ya na 1765, ma gosipụta ndị ikom atọ na-amụ obere akwụkwọ nke "Borghese Gladiator". A na-enwe mmasị dị ukwuu na Gladiator; mana ihe osise ya ọzọ, The Orrery, kpatara ọgba aghara ka ukwuu, ebe ọ na-eji otu nke sayensị dochie isiokwu Classical n'etiti ihe nkiri ahụ. Nkọwa Wright nke egwu nke "ọrụ ebube" sayensị mepụtara gosipụtara nkwụsịtụ na ọdịnala ndị gara aga nke e debere ihe ngosi nka nke ihe ịtụnanya dị otú ahụ maka ihe omume okpukpe, Brooke 1991, p. 178 ebe ọ bụ na Wright ihe ịtụnanya nke oge teknụzụ dị egwu dị ka isiokwu nke nnukwu ihe osise okpukpe. Nicolson 1968, p. 40

N'ime ọrụ abụọ a, ọnọdụ kandụl nwere ezi ihe ziri ezi. Ikiri ihe Guilding, p. 83 tụrụ atụ site na ọkụ kandụl, mgbe ọdịdị ya gosipụtara nke ọma, ọbụnakwa enwere ike inwe mmetụta nke mmegharị site na ìhè na-egbuke egbuke, bụ omume na-ewu ewu nke Goethe kọwara. N'ihe ngosi orrery, onyinyo nke oriọna na-anọchite anya anyanwụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngosipụta ahụ. Egerton, 1998, 342 Mana ọ dị ka ọ nweghị ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụghị ihe nkiri dị elu iji mee nnwale mgbapụta ikuku n'ime ụlọ nke otu kandụl na-amụnye, na n'ihe osise abụọ mechara nke Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, ọkụ ahụ bụ ihe nkịtị..

 Ihe gbara ya gburugburu 
Eserese a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị Britain na-agbagha usoro nhazi nke siri ike, nke French na-achị, ndị isi nke ụdị na njedebe narị afọ nke 18, dị ka ụdị eserese ndị ọzọ chọsiri ike ka e were ya dị ka eserese akụkọ ihe mere eme eji ejiji nke oge gboo.  ma ọ bụ isiokwu akụkọ ifo.  N'akụkụ ụfọdụ, isiokwu Orrery na Air Pump yiri iberibe mkparịta ụka, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ ụdị ihe osise nke etiti, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge na-adịghị anya a ga-enye ọkwa ọhụrụ mgbe Johann Zoffany malitere ịcha ezinụlọ eze n'ihe dị ka 1766. Waterhouse (1978), pp. 215–216, 270, 285–286'iburu ọnọdụ ha dị nsọ, ebe ọ bụ na o yiri ka ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ahụ e bu n'obi ịghọta dị ka foto (ọbụlagodi na enwere ike ịmata ihe nlereanya), a pụghị iwere ihe osise ahụ dị ka mkparịta ụka. Onye Waterhouse (1978), pp. 285–286, and Egerton (1998), p. 334-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke 20 bụ Ellis Waterhouse jiri ọrụ abụọ a tụnyere "ụdị serieux" nke ihe nkiri French nke oge a, dịka Denis Diderot na Pierre Beaumarchais si kọwaa, echiche nke Egerton kwadoro.

NnyochSolkin 1994, p. 234 a na-amaghị aha ya site n'oge ahụ kpọrọ Wright "onye nwere ọgụgụ isi dị ukwuu na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụzọ pụrụ iche".

 Ebe o si, na foto ya 
E sere orrery na-enweghị ọrụ, ma eleghị anya na-atụ anya na ọ ga-azụta Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, onye ọrụ Royal Navy nke Britain nke nwere orrery nke ya, na onye enyi Wright Peter Perez Burdett nọ na Derbyshire. Ndị Baird, 2003 chere na ha bụ foto nke Burdett na Ferrers gosipụtara na ihe osise ahụ, Burdett na-edetu ihe na Ferrer nọdụrụ na onye ntorobịa nọ n'akụkụ orrery.Uglow 2002, p. 123 zụrụ ihe osise ahụ, nke egosiri n'afọ 1766, maka £ 210, mana 6th Earl rere ya, ọ dịkwa ugbu a na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Derby na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, ebe ọ na-egosi na-adịgide adịgide, nso na ihe ngosi nke Grand Orrery zuru oke.

Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Wright, Benedict Nicolson, kwuru n'afọ 1968 na John Whitehurst bụ ihe nlereanya maka onye nkuzi ahụ,  ebe onye ọzọ na-akọwa ihe na-egosi na onyinyo ahụ yiri "ihe osise nke Isaac Newton nke Godfrey Kneller".  Nnyocha nke ọma nke ihu ndị toro eto The Orrery – A Users' Guide, N J Moyes, Derby Museum and Art Gallery, 1995 foto ahụ na-ekpughe na nke ọ bụla na-egosi otu ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ n'ime isi Oge ọnwa - ọnwa ọhụrụ, ọkara ọnwa, ọnwa gibbous na ọnwa zuru ezu.  Powers, na The Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery, na-ekwu na 'Onye Ọmụma' bụ John Arden, ọkà mmụta na onye nkuzi kacha mara amara maka ịkụziri nwa agbọghọ Mary Wollstonecraft.

N'afọ 1993, ndị Derby Museums nyere iwu ka e wughachi nnukwu ụlọ ahụ e sere na ihe osise Joseph Wright.  bụ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nka.

 Ihe edeturu 

 Ihe odide 




 Egerton, Judy (1998), National Gallery Catalogues (usoro ọhụrụ): The British School. ntinye akwụkwọ peeji nke 332-343,    






 Waterhouse, Ellis, (4th Edn, 1978) Ihe osise na Britain, 1530-1790. Penguin Books (nke bụzi Yale History of Art series),