Okpueze kpakpando

Korona anwụ anwụ dị n'elu chromosphere ma gbatịa ọtụtụ nde kilomita n'ime mbara igwe.  A na-ahụ ya nke ọma n'oge chi jiri n'ehihie zuru oke, mana a na-ahụkwa ya site n'iji akara akwaa.  Ntụle spektroscopic na-egosi ionization siri ike na corona na umu plasma umu 1000 000 kelvin, [1] dị ọkụ ụfọdụ elu, nke a mara dị ka photosphere.
.Na 1724, French-Italia na-egosi mbara igwe Giacomo F. ​​Maraldi akwụkwọ na aura a na-ahụ anya n'oge chi jiri n'ehihie bụ nke ọmụmụ, ọ bụghị nke ọnwa .  [1] N'afọ 1809, onye Spain na-egosi mbara igwe bụ José Joaquín de Ferrer chepụtara okwu 'corona'.  [2] Dabere na nlebanya ya nke chi jiri n'ehihie nke afọ 1806 na Kinderhook (New York), de Ferrer tụkwara aro na corona bụ isi nke ọ bụghị nke nwanyị.  Onye England na-ịhụ mbara igwe Norman Lockyer ihe ihe mbụ a na-eme n'ụwa na chromosphere nke ọmụmụ, nke a na-akpọ helium (nke sitere na helios Greek .</link> 'sun').  Onye France na-ihụ mbara igwe bụ Jules Jenssen kwuru, mgbe o tụlechara ihe ọ na-agụ n'agbata 1871 na 1878 n'ehihie, na nha na-acha corona na- agbanwe site n'usoro ọmụmụ .  [3] Na 1930, Bernard Lyot chepụtara coronograph, nke na-enye nhọrọ ikiri corona na-achọ n'ehihie.  N'afọ 1952, onye America na-akpa mbara igwe bụ Eugene Parker nrọ na a ga-eji ọtụtụ 'nanoflares' na-acha ọkụ na mbara igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-pụpụpụ dị ka ọkụ nke ga-  eme n'elu akụkụ.

. Okpomọkụ dị elu nke korona Sun na-enye ya ihe ngosi iche, nke mere ụfọdụ ndị na-akpa afọ nke 19 na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ihe a na-star na mbụ, " coronium ".  Kama nke ahụ, igwe ionized dị ukwuu ahụmahụwo ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya (Fe-XIV, ma ọ bụ Fe 13+ ).  Bengt Edlén, na-agbaọsọ ọrụ Grotrian (1939), nke mgbagwoju ahịrị spectral coronal mbụ na 1940 (nke a na-ahụ anụ 1869) dị ka ntụgharị site na ọkwa metastable dị ala nke nhazi ala nke nnukwu ionized ọla (akara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ.  ndụ Fe-XIV sitere na Fe. 13+ na 5303 Å, kama ahịrị Fe-X na-acha uhie uhie sitere na Fe 9+ na 6374 Å ).

Korona, na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu (site na 150 ruo 450) ụfọdụ elu ọmụmụ a na-ahụ anya: , ọjọọ corona dị nde 1 ruo 3 kelvin ma e jiri ya ọnwụ nkezi nke photosphere - gburugburu 5800 kelvin .  Corona dị obere nke foto, ma na-ahụ ihe dịka otu nde ka ọkụ a na-ahụ anya.  chromosphere na-emi jaket emi kewapụrụ corona na fotophere.  Usoro ziri ezi nke corona na-ekpo ọkụ ka bụ isiokwu nke ike ụfọdụ, mana ọrụ ike mgbochita ike episodic sitere na oghere magnetik na ebili mmirika magnetohydrodynamic si n'okpuru.  A na-ebupụ ụzọ m nke pụta korona Sun mgbe niile, na-ekepụta “oghere” nchọta ikuku ikuku na ikuku.