Adebesin Folarin

Chief Adebesin Folarin (nke a makwaara dị ka Josiah Folarin Williams, Josiah Fitzac Folarin na Debeshin Folarin) (1877 - 4 October 1949) bụ onye ọkaiwu Naijiria, ọkaikpe, onye ọrụ ọha, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye ode akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ọgụgụ isi na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 Abeokuta, a na-amata ya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba mbụ n'ezie".

 Ezinụlọ Williams 
A mụrụ Josiah Folarin Williams na Abeokuta, Southern Nigeria, na 1877. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ Zachariah Archibald Williams (nke a na-akpọ Z. A. Williams) (1850 - 2 Maachị 1912), onye bụ onye ahịa ahịa nke Abeokuta na otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu. ndị ọchụnta ego nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ.

 Z. A. Williams 
Z.A. Williams malitere azụmahịa mbụ ya na 1870 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, na 1877 kwagara azụmahịa ya na Lagos, ebe ọ na-azụ ahịa karịsịa na ngwaahịa owu. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Williams malitere azụmahịa na Idunshagbe, Lagos. Ọ gara England na nke mbụ ya na June 1880, bụ ebe o mere ndokwa guzobe azụmahịa ka ukwuu na Lagos. Ọ laghachiri na October 1880 wee guzobe azụmahịa na Marina, n'ime ụlọ nke, n'oge ahụ, a na-akpọ Manchester House.

Na 1883, Williams nwetara akụ nke £ 30,000 (nke ya na £ 3,742,000 na 2021), na n'otu afọ ahụ ọ gakwara ọzọ England iji sonyere nwunye ya, bụ onye buru ụzọ mee njem. Na February 1885, o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Porto Novo, ebe ntụgharị n'ime ọnwa iri na otu ruru £ 11,000 (nke pụtara £ 1,450,000 na 2021). N'afọ 1884, a na-azụ ahịa ya na Lagos na £ 60,000 (nke pụtara £ 7,650,0000 na 2021).

Williams bịara na ihe ngosi nke Colonial and Indian Exhibition na 1886, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama "ụmụ amaala" na ụmụ nwanyị si Lagos. Ndị nnọchiteanya Lagos ndị ọzọ gụnyere Mr. na Oriakụ J. A. O. Payne, Mr. na Oriakụ J. J. Thomas, Richard Beale Blaize, N. T. B. Shepherd na James Johnson (Assistant Bishop nke Western Equatorial Africa).

Ọ gara nleta ọzọ na England na 1887 na 1889, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ lara ezumike nká na azụmahịa. Ihe kacha ebupụ ya bụ mmanụ nkwụ, mkpụrụ nkwụ, ọdụ́ na owu. O nwere ụlọ ọrụ alaka na Broad Street, Itolo, Offin, Victoria Road, Martin Street na Abeokuta. Ọ were ndị Europe abụọ n'ọrụ, ihe karịrị ndị odeakwụkwọ obodo 20 na ndị otu n'ozuzu nke 100 Krooboys.

Williams bụkwa onye nwe ala a ma ama. Na 1895 o nwere 1,000 acres na Isheri, acres 500 na nke ọ bụla nke Jebu Ode, Abeokuta, Igbologun na Porto Novo, na ihe karịrị 100 acres na Ikoyi na Lagos. O nwekwara ụlọ obibi na Broad Street, nke e nyere n'aka Gọọmenti Colonial, na "Manchester House" na Marina, nke e nyere na Lagos Stores na Tomlinson Ltd.

N'ime mmemme jubilii nke Queen Victoria na 1887, Williams denyere aha £100 (nke pụtara £13,487.80 na 2021) maka owuwu nke Glover Memorial Hall na Lagos.

Williams bụ otu n'ime mmadụ anọ ndị Afrịka nọ na Lagos Chamber of Commerce mgbe e hiwere ya na 1888. Ndị Africa ndị ọzọ bụ Richard Beale Blaize, J.W. Cole na J.J. Thomas, ndị niile bụkwa ndị ọchụnta ego a ma ama n’oge ahụ.

Ọrụ azụmahịa ya na-aga nke ọma mere ka a kpọọ ya "Napoleon nke West African Commerce".

 Samuel Osanyintade "Daddy Sam" Williams 
Ndị nne na nna nna Folarin bụ Samuel Osanyintade na Lucy Williams. Samuel Williams (nke a na-akpọ n'ime ezinụlọ dịka 'Daddy Sam') bụ onye na-azụ ahịa Abeokuta na nna ochie nke ezinụlọ Williams a ma ama. N'agbanyeghị inwe aha nna nke Europe, Daddy Sam abụghị Saro.

Agha agbụrụ ndị e nwere na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na itoolu mere ka ndị Egba si n’ebe obibi ha kwaga ebe mgbaba n’okpuru nkume Olumo dị n’Abeokuta, bụ́ ebe ha hiwere ebe obibi ọhụrụ. Otu n’ime ndị ahụ gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ otu onye ọrụ ugbo na-eto eto aha ya bụ Osanyintade, bụ onye guzobere azụmahịa n’Itoko, Abeokuta. Osanyintade ghọrọ Onye Kraịst wee mee Samuel Ajayi Crowther baptizim. Crowther anabataghị Osanyintade ka aha baptizim, ya mere ọ nakweere aha Samuel.

Daddy Sam bụ onye ọrụ ugbo na onye na-azụ ahịa, ma na-ebugara otu n'ime ndị Europe mbụ na-ebupụ ihe ọkụkụ na Abeokuta aha ya bụ Eugene Thomas Williams nke Manchester, onye ekwuru na ọ natara aha 'Williams' site na ya.

Ụmụ Daddy Sam gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ama ama na mba dịka Frederick Rotimi Williams, Akintola Williams, Eric O. Moore (nna Kofoworola Ademola), Oyinkansola Abayomi, John Taylor, Ernest Shonekan na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
Folarin si na Abeokuta kwaga Legọs ya na nna ya n'afọ 1879, ma dịka nna ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na CMS Grammar School, Lagos. James Pearse, onye ụkọchukwu Legọs bụkwa onye nkuzi Ladapo Ademola, Eric O. Moore (onye bụ nwa nwanne nne Folarin na nna Lady Ademola) na J.K. Coker kụziere ya ihe.

Mgbe ọ gachara akwụkwọ, Folarin chọrọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ndị ahịa dị na Lagos maka obere oge. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Calabar, wee gaa Congo dịka onye odeakwụkwọ. Mgbe afọ 8 gasịrị, ọ kwagara Cameroon ka ọ malite azụmahịa nke ya na ego ya. Azụmahịa ya na-etolite ngwa ngwa na mgbe afọ 7 gasịrị, o meghere alaka 9 nke ụlọ ọrụ ya.

Folarin gbanwere aha ya site na Josiah Folarin Williams ka ọ bụrụ Josiah Fitz-zack Folarin na 14 Epril 1906.
Ọ gara England na 1910 wee sonye na Middle Temple. Mgbe ọ nọ na England, o biri na 14 Guilford Street. Akpọrọ ya na ụlọ mmanya dị na Middle Temple na 16 Eprel 1913 ya na ụmụnne ejima Adeyemo Alakija na Olayimika Alakija. E gosipụtara akụkọ ndụ ndị ikom atọ ahụ na mbipụta May 1913 nke African Times and Orient Review.

Na njedebe nke oge ya na England, Folarin dere akwụkwọ nke isiokwu ya bụ "England and the English: Personal Impressions during a Years'Sjourn" nke John Taylor bipụtara na London ma rara ya nye nwa nwanne nna ya, Eric O. Moore, " n'olileanya obi ike na ọ gaghị ahapụ mgbalị ọ bụla iji kwadoo n'ịkwalite n'ọsọ anyị ihe ndị ahụ nke ịdị n'otu na nkwanye ùgwù onwe onye bụ nke dị oke mkpa maka ọganihu mba na nnwere onwe nke mba".

Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ese onyinyo England pụtara ìhè (na mgbakwunye) dị ka ebe, ndị Bekee, ụdị ọchịchị ha, àgwà na oge ntụrụndụ.

N'oge ya na England, Folarin zụlitere mmetụta miri emi nke ịhụ mba n'anya na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ a katọrọ (mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ, nke a maara ya maka ya) ọchịchọ nke ndị Naijiria na-asọpụrụ ndị Bekee kama ịnya isi na ihe ndị ha rụzuru na nke ha. omenala . A na-achịkọta echiche Folarin n'ime edemede a:

Folarin hụkwara ịnakwere omenala ndị Egba, gụnyere aha, asụsụ na uwe, dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịzụlite echiche nke ịhụ mba n'anya:

N'ime nke a, Folarin nọchitere anya ọgbọ ọhụrụ, post-Victorian ọgbọ nke ndị ntorobịa Naijiria bụ ndị nwere oke ịhụ mba n'anya, ịhụ mba n'anya ma lekwasị anya na ọganihu nke omenala Egba. N'ihi nke a, Folarin gbanwere aha ya site na Josiah Fitzac Folarin ka ọ bụrụ Adebesin Folarin site n'akwụkwọ nke e dere na 10 June 1913. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Placido na Honorio Assumpcao gbanwekwara aha ha na Adeyemo na Olayimika Alakija n'otu oge ahụ.

Echiche ịhụ mba n'anya nke Folarin tolitere mgbe ọ nọ n'England kpaliri ya ka ọ nọrọ n'oge ọrụ ya n'Abeokuta, isi obodo Egbaland, kama ịchụso ọrụ iwu na Lagos ma ọ bụ ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọkwa mba, n'adịghị ka ndị enyi ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya. Alakijas ma ọ bụ nwa nwanne nna ya Eric O. Moore, bụ onye gara n'ihu were ọnọdụ ndị a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba.

Ọ laghachiri na Nigeria na July 1913, obere oge ka a kpọchara ya n'ụlọ mmanya na Middle Temple.

 Ịlaghachi Naịjirịa 
Na Disemba 1913, a họpụtara ya onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ nke Lagos Auxiliary of Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Rights Protection Society. A họpụtara enyi ya na nwa klas ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu, Adeyemo Alakija ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ.

A maara Folarin dị ka onye siri ike na-akwado ịha nhatanha ma lụ ọgụ maka ikike nke ndị obodo na colonial Nigeria. Na nzukọ nke Lagos Auxiliary of Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Rights Protection Society na 1 Septemba 1919, o kwuru okwu nke o kwuru na:

N'afọ 1914, e nyere ya ma nabata ọkwa onye ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu na onye ọka iwu na gọọmentị Egba United.

Folarin katọrọ nnọọ omume Gọọmenti mere n'ọdachi Ijemo nke mere n'afọ ahụ. Edemede ya n'afọ 1916 nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Demise of the Independence of Egbaland: The Ijemo Trouble" bụ nke e wepụtara maka ncheta ndị e gburu n'Ijemo. Echiche ya mere ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ nke Gọọmenti, ya mere ọ laghachiri Lagos ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ iwu ya na ọrụ nzuzo site n'ụlọ ya na 36 Breadfruit Street, Lagos.

Folarin bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere otu "Reform Club" Abeokuta, bụ nke e hibere na 1915 iji nyere ndị ọchịchị Egba United aka iweghachi ma chekwaa udo n'Egbaland. Ọ nọrọ n'ọnọdụ odeakwụkwọ. O dere ogologo edemede na mbipụta 2 November 1915 nke Time of Nigeria nke ọ kwara arịrị "mgbuchapụ egburu ndị Ijemo, mbelata mkpokọta nke ọtụtụ nwa amaala Egba na-arịọ arịrịọ n'ihi arụrụala ndị bịara ogbugbu ahụ na ihe masịrị ụfọdụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ụmụ amaala Egba dị ka ndị na-ebu na njem Cameroon. " Folarin rụrụ ụka na naanị otu ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu ndị na-ebute ọgba aghara ọha na eze bụ ime udo site n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro:

Otu Reform Club nwere nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma n'ihu ọha ma na nzuzo iji kparịta ajụjụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwesa mkpesa.

Atụmatụ a bụ arụmụka, ma kpata ọgba aghara n'etiti otu ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Legọs. N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ sochirinụ na Times of Nigeria, onye odee wepụtaara akwụkwọ akụkọ Folarin nke ukwuu, na-ede:

J.K. Coker, onye Egba ọzọ a ma ama, gbachitere Folarin na mbipụta 17 November 1915 nke Lagos Standard. Ọ kọwara Folarin dị ka onye ọkaiwu na-asọpụrụ ịhụ mba n'anya ma kwuo na "Enwere m ntụkwasị obi na otu Reform a ma na-ebu amụma n'egbughị oge na ọ gaghị emegide gọọmentị n'ụzọ ọ bụla mana ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya iji nweta ntụkwasị obi na mmasị. nke gọọmentị".

N'afọ 1916, Folarin nwara ime nyocha banyere ọgbaghara Okeho-Iseyin nke 1916 mana e nyere ya iwu ka ọ pụọ. Ọ lọghachiri, yigharịrị ka onye Alakụba Hausa na-eme njem. Iji zoo ya, ọ na-ezere ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị kasị dị ntụsara ahụ́ ma jiri ndị njem na-eme njem. O mere nyocha ya nke ọma ka ụbọchị iri na anọ gachara wee bipụta akụkọ ya n'akwụkwọ nta akpọrọ Oke Iho-Isehin Escapade. N'ime akụkọ ya, ọ chọpụtara na ọgbaghara a bụ nke a na-ebute megide ọchịchị mmegbu nke Alaafin na ndị na-ejide ya karịa usoro ọchịchị Indirect Rule.

N'afọ 1916, Folarin nwara ime nsogbu ọgbaghara Okeho-Iseyin nke 1916 mana e nyere iwu ka ọ ikpe. Ọ lụọ azụ, yi ka onye egwu Hausa na-eme njem. Iji zoo ya, ọ na-ezere ụzọ okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ ndị kasị dị ntụsara ahụ́ ma jiri ndị njem na-eme njem. O mere nyọcha nke ọma ka ụbọchị iri na anọ gachara wee bipụta pụta n'akwụkwọ ntakiri Oke Iho-Isehin Escapade. N'ime ime ya, ọ tara na ọgbaghara a bụ nke a na-ebute ụzọ dị iche iche nke Alaafin na ndị na-ejide ụzọ ụzọ Indirect Rule.

 Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị 
Mgbe ezigbo enyi ya Ladapo Ademola chiri Ademola II nke Abeokuta, Folarin kwagara n'Abeokuta, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi ọgụgụ isi. Folarin bụ otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ so Alake Ademola soro na dias n'oge ochichi ya (nke ọzọ bụ J. O. George, onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe Ake). Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, Nat Fehintola Williams, sokwa na emume emume ahụ.

Folarin bụ otu n'ime ndị ndụmọdụ Alake Ademola kacha nso, e nyekwara ya aha ugwu ugwu nke: Bobajiro (onye ndụmọdụ Oba), Otunbaloye nke Igbore. Alake Ademola gbara Folarin aka idekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Egba wee dezie iwu ọdịnala ya. Ihe odide ya gụnyere nyocha nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndụ ndị Egba site na 1829 ruo 1930 (1931) na iwu na omenala Egba-land (1939), nke abụọ bụ akwụkwọ ntụaka na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-eduga na gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere Harvard na Yale. Ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum na British Library. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naịjiria kpọpụtakwara akwụkwọ ya.

O hiwere Egba National Harper na Maachị 1926 ya na Akin Adeshigbin dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, mana ha wepụtara naanị mbipụta ole na ole. O guzobekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara iwu Naijiria na Disemba 1921 ma jee ozi dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya. Folarin bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ihe nketa na Nigeria. O dere nkatọ siri ike nke ikpe Mr Justice Pennington na Saka Agoro v. Barikisu Osi Epe na Adisatu Morenikeji [1920] Supreme Court Suit No. 324, na-ede:

Folarin rụrụ ụka na iwu obodo na omenala na-amata nhata ikike n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Mazị Justice Pennington na Folarin bipụtara ọtụtụ arụmụka na mgbagha na mbipụta ndị a nke NLJ. Olayimika Alakija, nwa klas Folarin n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu, bipụtakwara akụkọ gbasara okwu a na Nigerian Law Journal, mana akụkọ ya kwadoro nkwubi okwu Mr Justice Pennington.

Na Jenụwarị 1925, Folarin mere atụmatụ izizi maka nguzobe otu ọgbakọ ndị ọka iwu nke mba. Ọ rụrụ ụka na otu ọgbakọ ga-akwụsị ma ọ bụ lụso omume ọjọọ ma ọ bụ omume rụrụ arụ n'etiti ndị otu, guzobe ma na-edobe ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ ọgụgụ zuru oke, degharịa iwu ndị dị na nyochaa mgbasa nke ọhụrụ. Emechara hiwe otu ndị omeiwu Naijiria na 1960.
N'ịgbaso usoro iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gara nke ọma, n'afọ 1929, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọikpe omenala "A" nke dị n'Abeokuta, ọnọdụ ọ nọ na ya ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na ụgwọ ezumike nká n'afọ 1941. Ndị isi oche nke ụlọikpe omenala n'oge ahụ na-achọsi ike ịbụ onye isi oche. ndị-isi obodo; Folarin bụ ọkaiwu mbụ a họpụtara n'ụlọ ikpe omenala ọ bụla na Naịjirịa. Alake Ademola buru ụzọ kwuo ka a họpụta Folarin n'afọ 1925. Otú ọ dị, ndị Alake na-asọ mpi n'Egba Council - karịsịa Suberu Adedamola (mgbe ahụ Osile nke Oke-Ona) - jụrụ ime ihe a n'ihi na ọ na-ewetu ugwu na ugwu ya. nke ndị eze ndị ọzọ na a ga-edobe onye ọrụ nọ n'okpuru ya na ha n'ụgwọ. N'ezie, ha jụrụ nhọpụta Folarin n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dịka ezigbo enyi Alake Ademola.

Folarin nọchiri ya n'ụlọ ikpe n'afọ 1941 site n'aka onye ọka iwu Cambridge Abiola Akiwumi, nwa onye ama ama onye ahịa Abeokuta S. O. Akiwumi.

 Ọnwụ 
Folarin nwụrụ na 4 October 1949 ka ogologo oge nke ọrịa gasịrị. N'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ nwetara aha Apesin nke Itoko, Bobajiro (utu aha nwa nwanne ya, Chief Frederick Rotimi Williams ga-emesị keta) na Otunbaloye nke Igbore. Alake Ademola kpughere foto ya na 23 October 1949 na Ụlọ Nzukọ Centenary.

 Ndụ onwe onye 
N'oge akwụkwọ ya, Folarin nwetara aha ọma maka ikwu eziokwu na ụdị asọmpi ya. Ihe a ka onye odee amaghi ama dere gbasara ya na mbipụta Lagos Standard nke ụbọchị 26 Jenụwarị 1916:

Omume ahụ gara n'ihu ruo n'ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Mgbe ahọpụtara Folarin ka ọ bụrụ ọgbakọ Lagos Town Council, otu akụkọ dị na Lagos Weekly Record nke ụbọchị 5 June 1920 kọwara ya n'okwu ndị a:

Folarin bụkwa onye na-egwu egwu na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ma nyekwa aka na ntụrụndụ egwu n'ọtụtụ mmemme dị elu gụnyere nri abalị e mere iji kwanyere nwa nwanne nna ya, Eric O. Moore, na St. George's Hall, Lagos, na 2 Maachị 1917.

Ọ lụrụ Aurelia Taiwo Folarin.

Ụmụ ya gụnyere:

 Oriakụ Bolajoko Majekodumni;
 Oriakụ Titilola Akinyemi (onye - ya na Adenrele Ademola, nwa nwanyị Alaiyeluwa Ademola nke Abụọ na nwanne nwanyị Prince Ademola), duziri kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke West African Students Union ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1930, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke WASU na 1937;
 Maazị Adebayo Folarin;
 Maazị Olaoluwa Folarin;
 Oriakụ Agbeke Henshaw;
 Oriakụ Rosaline Abioye Orimoloye (28 Septemba 1933 - 16 Eprel 2021), onye bụbu onye isi Nọọsụ na Mahadum Lagos. N'afọ 1962, ọ lụrụ Patrick Oluwole Orimoloye, onye bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu na onye isi oche nke Nigerian Red Cross Society.
 Chief Mrs Ijiola Ogun; na
 Oriakụ Olatokewa Philomena Giwa, onye bụbu onye isi nọọsụ, onye lụrụ Prọfesọ FBA Giwa nke Ngalaba Physics, Mahadum Ibadan.

 Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara 

 Ọnwụ nke nnwere onwe nke Egbaland: Nsogbu Ijemo. Lagos: Tika-Tore (1916)
 Nnyocha nke ụfọdụ ndị ọkàikpe anyị. Lagos: Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Tika-Tore (1919)
 Nnyocha Akụkọ Akụkọ Dị Mkpirikpi nke Ndụ Egbas site na 1829 ruo 1930 (1931)
 England na Bekee: Mmetụta Onwe Onye n'oge Afọ Atọ (London: John Taylor)
 Ogboni na ndị isi ndị ọzọ dị na Abeokuta, ebumnuche ha na ihe ha pụtara (1934)
 Iwu na Omenala nke Egbaland (1939)

 Ihe odide