Coke na-egbu oge

Cooker na-egbu oge bụ ụdị coker nke usoro ya na-agụnye ime ka mmanụ fọdụrụ na-ekpo ọkụ ruo na okpomọkụ ya na-agbaji n'ọkụ na-ekwo ọkụ nke nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ. Nke  na-eme ka mmiri hydrocarbon dị arọ, ogologo nke mmanụ fọdụrụ n'ime mmanụ coke na mmanụ petroleum coke.  

Oge igbu oge bụ otu n'ime usoro unit eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ nrụpụta mmanụ. Foto dị n'akụkụ ya na-egosi otu coking na-egbu oge na drums 4. Otú  dị, ndị buru ibu nwere abụọ abụọ nke ịgbà, ụfọdụ nwere ihe ruru ịgbà 8, nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịnwe dayameta ruo mita 10 na ịdị elu zuru ezu ruo mita 43.

Mkpụrụ nke coke sitere na usoro coking na-egbu oge sitere na ihe dị ka pasent 18 ruo 30 site n'ịdị arọ nke mmanụ fọdụrụnụ nke feedstock, dabere na nhazi nke nri nri na mgbanwe ndị na-arụ ọrụ.  Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nnụcha n'ụwa niile na-emepụta ihe ruru tọn 2,000 ruo 3,000 kwa ụbọchị nke coke mmanụ, ụfọdụ na-emepụta ọbụna karịa.] 

 Ihe osise na nkọwa 
Eserese na nkọwapụta dị na ngalaba a gbadoro ụkwụ na nkeji coking na-egbu oge nwere otu ụzọ mkpọ coke na otu ọkụ nri nri.  Otú ọ dị, dị ka ekwuru n'elu, nnukwu nkeji nwere ike inwe ihe ruru 4 ụzọ abụọ nke drum (mkpokọta 8) yana ọkụ maka otu ụzọ abụọ nke coke drum..
A na-agbanye mmanụ fọdụrụnụ site na unit distillation vacuum (mgbe ụfọdụ gụnyere mmanụ na-esi ísì ụtọ site na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ n'ime refinery) n'ime ala nke kọlụm distillation a na-akpọ isi fractionator. Site n'ebe ahụ, a na-agbanye ya, tinyere ụfọdụ anwụrụ ọkụ, n'ime ọkụ ọkụ ma mee ka ọ dị ọkụ ruo n'okpomọkụ nke ihe dị ka 480 °C.  Okpomọkụ na-amalite na ọkpọkọ dị n'etiti ọkụ na ọkpọ ọkpọkọ mbụ, ma na-agwụ na ọkpọọ ọkpọkọ nke dị n'elu mmiri. Mmiri a na-etinye na ya na-enyere aka belata ntinye coke n'ime tubes ọkụ.

Ịgbanye mmanụ fọdụrụnụ na-abata n'ime ala nke isi fractionator, kama ịbanye ozugbo n'ime ọkụ ahụ, na-ekpocha mmanụ fọdụrụnụ site n'ime ka ọ kpọtụrụ vapors na-ekpo ọkụ na ala nke fractionator.  N'otu oge ahụ, ụfọdụ vapors ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ejupụta n'ime mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ nke na-emegharịghachi n'ime ọkụ yana mmanụ fọdụrụnụ ọkụ.

Ka ọ na-agbaji n'ime drum, a na-emepụta mmanụ gas na ihe ndị dị mfe n'oge ikuku ma kewapụ ya na mmiri na ihe siri ike. Mmiri na-esi n'ụgbọ mmiri bụ anwụrụ ọkụ ma e wezụga mmiri ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike, a na-eduga ya na isi fractionator ebe a na-ekewa ya n'ime akụkụ ndị a chọrọ.

A na-etinye coke siri ike ma na-anọgide na drum coke n'ime ihe nwere oghere nke na-enye ohere ịgafe oghere. Dabere na usoro drum coke n'ozuzu a na-eji, drum coke nwere ike jupụta n'ime awa 16 ruo 24.

Mgbe ụda mbụ jupụtara na coke siri ike, ngwakọta na-ekpo ọkụ sitere na ọkụ na-agbanye n'ọkụ nke abụọ.  Mgbe ịgbà nke abụọ na-ejupụta, a na-ekupụta drum nke mbụ juru eju iji belata ọdịnaya hydrocarbon dị na mmanụ ala coke, wee menyụọ ya na mmiri ka ọ dị jụụ.  A na-ewepụ isi elu na ala nke coke drum zuru ezu, a na-ebipụkwa coke mmanụ ala siri ike site na coke drum na mmiri mmiri dị elu, ebe ọ na-adaba n'ime olulu, pad, ma ọ bụ sluiceway maka mgbake na nchekwa.

 Ọdịdị nke coke 
Tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a na-egosi ihe dịgasị iche iche maka coke mmanụ ala (nke a na-akpọ coke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Petroleum coke on the website of the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology) mepụtara na coker na-egbu oge na ihe ndị kwekọrọ na ya mgbe a gbasịrị coke na 2375 °F (1302 °C):  
+Ihe Ndị E Si Nri Na-egbu OgeAkụkụ yaCokeas na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụỌkụ ọkụ 2375 °F Carbon kwụ ọtọ, wt % 80 − 9598.0 − 99.5Hydrogen, wt % 3.0 − 4.50.1Naịtrogen, wt % 0.1 − 0.5 Sulfur, wt % 0.2 − 6.0 Ihe na-efe efe, wt % 5 − 150.2 − 0.8Mmiri, wt % 0.5 − 100.1Ash, wt % 0.1 − 1.00.02 − 0.7Mkpụrụ, g/cm31.2 − 1.61.9 − 2.1Mkpụrụ, ịdị arọ ppm:Aluminium   15 − 10015 − 100Boron   0.1 − 150.1 − 15Calcium   25 − 50025 − 500Chromium   5 − 505 − 50Cobalt   10 − 6010 − 60Iron   50 − 500050 − 5000Manganese   2 − 1002 − 100Magnesium   10 − 25010 − 250Molybdenum   10 − 2010 − 20Nickel   10 − 50010 − 500Potassium   20 − 5020 − 50Silicon   50 − 60050 − 600Sodium   40 − 7040 − 70Titanium   2 − 602 − 60Vanadium   5 − 5005 − 500

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
E bu ụzọ mee mmanụ coke n'afọ 1860 na ụlọ nrụpụta mmanụ mbụ na Pennsylvania nke na-esi mmanụ n'ime obere, ígwè distillation stills iji weghachite kerosene, mmanụ oriọna dị mkpa. A na-eji osisi ma ọ bụ ọkụ coal nke e wuru n'okpuru ha na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-ekpuchi ma na-eme ka mmanụ dị nso na ala.  emechara distillation ahụ, a hapụrụ ka ọ jụọ oyi ma ndị ọrụ nwere ike igwu coke na tar.

 N'afọ 1913, e nyere William Merriam Burton, onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta kemịkal maka Standard Oil of Indiana refinery na Whiting, Indiana, ikike ikike  maka usoro mgbawa ọkụ nke Burton nke ọ mepụtara. O mechara bụrụ onye isi oche nke Standard Oil of Indiana tupu ọ laa ezumike nká.
 N'afọ 1929, dabere na usoro ịgbaji ọkụ nke Burton, Standard Oil nke Indiana wuru coker mbụ na-egbu oge.  chọrọ ka e jiri aka sie ike dee ya.
 Na ngwụcha afọ 1930, mmanụ Shell mepụtara hydraulic decoking site na iji mmiri dị elu na refinery ha na Wood River, Illinois. Nke ahụ mere Tutorial: Delayed Coking Fundamentals  (written by Paul Ellis and Christopher Paul of the Great Lakes Carbon Corporation) o kwe omume, site n'inwe drum coke abụọ, maka igbu oge decoking ịghọ usoro na-aga n'ihu.
 Site n'afọ 1955 gaa n'ihu, uto n'iji coking na-egbu oge mụbara.
  ọ na-erule afọ 2002, e nwere ụlọ nrụpụta mmanụ 130 n'ụwa niile na-emepụta tọn 172,000 kwa ụbọchị nke mmanụ. 'ime data ndị ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ihe dị ka iri ise na itoolu coking units na-arụ ọrụ na United States ma na-emepụta 114,000 tọn kwa ụbọchị nke coke.

Ngwaahịa coke sitere Petroleum coke utilization for cement kiln firing, by E. Kaplan and N. Nedder, Nesher Israel Cement Enterprises Ltd., presented at the Cement Industry Technical Conference, IEEE-IAS/PCA, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April–May, 2001 coker na-egbu oge nwere ọtụtụ ojiji na ngwa azụmahịa.  Delayed Coking, An Attractive Alternative (by Franz B. Ehrhardt, Conoco Oil Company at Middle East Oil & Gas Conference in Bahrain) Ojiji kachasị ukwuu bụ dị ka mmanụ.

Ojiji maka coke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bụ:

 Dị ka mmanụ maka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na mbara igwe, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uzuoku, fluidized bed combustions, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) units na cement ovenite ọkụ
 N'ebe a na-akpụ ihe na silicon carbidefoundries
 Maka imepụta ọkụ ọkụ

Ojiji maka coke a na-akpọ ọkụ bụ:

 Dị ka anodes na mmepụta nke Aluminium
 Na mmepụta nke titanium dioxide
 Dị ka ihe na-ebuli carbon n'ime ígwè na ígwè
 Ịmepụta graphite electrodes na ngwaahịa graphite ndị ọzọ dị ka brọsh graphite eji eme ihe na ngwá ọrụ eletrik
 N'ihe owuwu carbon

 Usoro ndị ọzọ maka imepụta mmanụ coke 
 nwere usoro ndị ọzọ na-edozi mmanụ ala maka imepụta mmanụ ala, ya bụ usoro Fluid Coking na Flexicoking  nke ExxonMobil Research and Engineering mepụtara ma nye ya ikikere. Ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa mbụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 1955. Afọ iri anọ  atọ ka e mesịrị, ka ọ na-erule afọ 1998, e nwere 18 n'ime nkeji ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'ụwa niile [1] nke 6 n'ime ha dị na United States.

E nwere usoro ndị ọzọ yiri nke ahụ, mana ha anaghị emepụta mmanụ coke.  ọmụmaatụ, Lurgi-VZK Flash Coker nke na-emepụta coke site na pyrolysis nke biomass.

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 Nkọwa okwu maka ndị na-emepụta coker na isiokwu ndị metụtara ya
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