Nkume Thoen

Nkume Thoen bụ nkume ájá nke e dere n'afọ 1834 nke Louis Thoen chọpụtara na Black Hills nke South Dakota n'afọ 1887. Nchọpụta nke nkume ahụ mere ka nchọpụta mbụ nke ọlaedo na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke igwupụta ọlaedo na Black Hills; ọ ga-apụta na achọtara ọlaedo naBlack Hills afọ 40 tupu Custer Expedition nke 1874 na Black Hills Gold Rush. A na-egosi ya ugbu a na Adams Museum & House na Deadwood, South Dakota.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
Akụkọ mmalite nke ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na nkume ahụ pere mpe. Ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala abụọ nwere ahụmịhe so n'òtù asaa: William King na Indian Crow. Dị ka nkume ahụ si kwuo, Ezra Kind na ndị otu ya gara Black Hills na 1833 na-achọ ọlaedo, n'oge ahụ nkwekọrịta gbochiri ndị otu ahụ ịbanye n'ógbè ahụ n'ụzọ iwu. Ezra Kind dere nkume ahụ n'onwe ya na 1834 mgbe ndị American Indian gburu ndị otu ya niile. Kind n'onwe ya mechara nwụọ n'ihi ihe a na-amaghị ama.

Na Machị 14, 1887, ndị mbịarambịa Norwegian na ụmụnne nwoke Louis na Ivan Thoen chọpụtara slab ahụ mgbe ha na-anakọta sandstone n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ugwu Lookout dị nso n'ụlọ ya na Spearfish. E liri nkume ahụ ọtụtụ ụkwụ n'okpuru ala. Ndị ikom ahụ wegara slab ahụ n'ụlọ, Louis wee kpọọ Henry Keats (onye mechara bụrụ onye isi obodo Spearfish) ka ọ hụ nkume ahụ na ebe a chọtara ya. E wegara nkume ahụ na Spearfish Register. Otu ụbọchị mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Louis kpebiri igosi ya na ụlọ ahịa dị na Spearfish nke John Cashner nwere; Cashner na Louis rere foto nke nkume ahụ dị ka postcard. N'afọ 1888, Cashner gara Detroit Free Press na Michigan wee ree akụkọ nkume ahụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Louis nwụrụ na 1919 n'oge ọrịa influenza nke afọ 1918. A gụrụ nkume ahụ aha Louis Thoen. N'afọ 1966, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Frank Thomson bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere nkume ahụ, nke akpọrọ The Thoen Stone: A Saga of the Black Hills . E mechara tinye ihe ncheta zuru ezu nke nwere ihe oyiyi nke nkume ahụ n'elu ugwu dị n'elu ogige ntụrụndụ Spearfish City, a na-akpọkwa ọsọ kilomita asaa kwa afọ gafere akara ahụ aha nkume ahụ.

Otu egwu Doom metal bụ Pine Beetle nwere abụ a na-akpọ "Thoen" nke dabeere na ihe omimi Thoen Stone.

 Nkọwa 
A na-eji nkume ájá kpụọ Nkume Thoen. Ọ dị sentimita atọ n'obosara ma na-atụle sentimita iri site na sentimita asatọ.

 Ihe odide 
A na-ede ederede n'ụdị cursive n'akụkụ abụọ nke slab ahụ. Ihe odide dị n'ihu ya na-agụ, sị:Came to these hills in 1833 seven of us
DeLacompt
Ezra Kind
G.W. Wood
T. Brown
R. Kent
Wm. King
Indian Crow
All dead but me, Ezra Kind. Killed by ind[ians] beyond the high hill. Got our gold June 1834.Ihe odide ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'azụ ma na-agụ:Enwetara ọlaedo niile anyị nwere ike iburu. Ndị India nwetara ịnyịnya anyị niile. Enweghị m égbè m na ihe ọ bụla m ga-eri na ndị India na-achụ m.

 Arụmụka 
Kemgbe a chọtara ya na 1887, esemokwu banyere izi ezi nke Thoen Stone agbasaala. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ kwenyere na nkume ahụ bụ aghụghọ ma Louis na Ivan Thoen chepụtara ya. Ụfọdụ ekwuola na Louis Thoen bụ onye na-atụ nkume. Ruo ọnwụ ha, ndị Thoens gbachitere izi ezi nke nkume ahụ. N'afọ 1950, Frank Thomson gara East Coast ịchọ ezinụlọ nke ndị otu ahụ. Thomson chọtara ọtụtụ ezinụlọ, ha niile nwere aha nna yiri ndị edepụtara na Thoen Stone, ndị kwuru na ha nwere ndị nna nna furu efu na American West.

N'afọ 2000, ọkachamara n'ihe odide aka Marion Briggs na onye ọzọ nọ na California jiri aka dee na postcard na ederede na slab. Ha abụọ kpebiri na ọ bụghị otu onye dere ihe ndị ahụ, ọ bụghịkwa otu n'ime ụmụnne abụọ ahụ, Cashner, ma ọ bụ John S. McClintock, onye bụ onye mbụ na-akwado izi ezi nke slab ahụ.

 Ihe odide