Atens

Athens / / ˈæ θɪnz / ATH ATH inz ;  [1] Greek </link></link> [ aˈθina ] ⓘ</link></link> ;  Ancient Greek </link> (pl.) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ]</link> ) bụ nnukwu obodo mepere emepe nke dị n'oge oké osimiri na Mediterenian ma ọ bụ isi obodo yana obodo Gris kacha ukwuu.  Ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe nde atɔ, ọ bụkwa obodo nke ejekwa na European Union .  Atens na-achị ma bụrụ isi obodo nke mpaghara Attica ma bụrụ otu n'ime obodo kacha ochie ochie n'ụwa, yana ọmụmụ ihe mere eme edekọ ya dị ihe ụmụaka afọ 3,400, [2] na ndị mmadụ mbụ onye ebe n'etiti  Afọ afọ nke 11 na 7th BC .  Aha ahụ bụ Athena, chiri obodo Gris oge ochie.

.  Atens oge gboo bụ obodo-ala siri ike.  Ọ bụ ebe etiti maka nka, Kali na nkà ihe na ebe obibi nke Plato Academy na Aristotle's Lyceum .  [1] [2] A na-akpọkarị ya ebe obibi nke mgbaanya egwuregwu na ebe ndị na-ekwu onye kwuo uche ya, [3] [4] nke ukwuu n'ihi ụgbọ mmiri omenala na ụgbọ agha na-agakarịsịa Rome Ochie  .  [5] N'oge a, Athens bụ nnukwu obodo mepere emepe yana etiti akụ na nyere, ego, ụlọ ọrụ ihe, ụgbọ mmiri, ndị agha So na ndụ omenala na Gris.  Na 2023, mpaghara Athens mepere na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu (nke asụsụ mpaghara Attica ) nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ruru nde 3.8.

Athens bụ obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Beta dị ka Globalization and World Cities Research Network si kwuo, [1] ma bụrụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ na ndị na-azụ ọrụ Europe .  O nnukwu ngalaba ego, yana ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ya bụ Piraeus bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke atɔ nti na Europe, [2] na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 26 kasị ukwuu n'ụwa.  [3] Obodo Athens (nakwa Obodo Athens), nke mebere obere ngalaba nke mpaghara obodo mepere emepe, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 643,452 (na 2021) [4] n'ime oke ụzọ ya, yana mpaghara nke 38.96 km2 .  [5].  .  [6] Atens bụkwa isi obodo ndị kacha na Europe .

Ihe nketa nke Oge Ochie ka na- ìhè n'obodo ahụ, nke ihe ọmụmụ oge ochie na-achọ anya ya, na ọrụ nkà, nke ozizi ama nke ihe niile bụ Parthenon, weere dị ka isi ihe omume ama nke omenala Western mbụ.  .  Obodo ahụ na-ejidekwa Roman, Byzantine na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ihe ọmụma Ottoman, ebe isi obodo ndị mere eme na-agụ ihe na-aga n'ihu site na puku agbọ nke ihe mere eme.  Athens bụ ebe obibi nke UNESCO World Heritage Site, Acropolis nke Athens na ebe obibi ndị mmadụ Daphni mgbe ochie.  Ihe akara ngosi nke oge a, nke na nguzobe Athens dị ka isi obodo steeti steeti nwere onwe ya na 1834, ụlọ ụlọ omebe iwu Hellenic na Architectural Trilogy nke Athens, nke National Library of Greece, National na Kapodistrian University of Athens.,  na Akwụkwọ Academy nke Athens .  Atens ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie na ụlọ ọrụ ochie, dị ka National Archaeological Museum, na-echeta ihe ndekọ nke Greek oge ochie, Museum Acropolis, Museum of Cycladic Art, Museum of Benaki, na Byzantine na Christian Museum .  Athens bụ obodo ndị ọbịa nke egwuregwu Olympic nke oge a na 1896, na afọ 108 ka e ịhụ, ọ àmà Summer Summer 2004, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime obodo ole na ole na-akwado Olympics ihe otu otu ugboro ugboro.  .  [1] Athens sonyeere UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities na 2016.

 Etymology na aha 
Na Grik oge ochie, aha obodo ahụ bụ Ἀθῆναι</link> ( Athênaiakpọpụta [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] , </link> na Classical Attic ) otutu.  Na Grik, mbụ ka Homeric Greek, aha ahụ adịla ugbu a n'ụdị otu, dị ka Ἀθήνη</link> ( Athḗnē ).  [1] Enwere ike agụa ya na otutu mgbe emechara, dịka nke Θῆβαι</link> ( Thêbai ) na Μυκῆναι</link> ( nke ọma ).  Mgbọrọgwụ okwu ahụ anụ anya esiteghị na Grik ma ọ bụ Indo-European, [2] ma anụmanụ anya ọ bụ ihe ike na ike okwu Gris nke Attica.  [2] N'oge ochie, a na-arụ ụka ma Atens weere aha ya n'aka chi echere na-elekọta ya Athena ( Attic Ἀθηνᾶ</link> , Athēnâ, Ionic Ἀθήνη</link> , Athḗnē, na Doric Ὀθάάάάάάι  </link> , Athā́nā ) ma ọ bụ Athena wepụrụ aha ya n'obodo ahụ.  [3] Ndị na-ewere nke oge a na-ekweta a na chi egosi na- aha ya n'obodo ahụ, [3] n'ihi na njedebe - ene na-emekarị n'aha ebe, ma ọ dị ụkọ maka  aha nkeonwe

Dị ka ndị mmadụ ifo ndị Atens nke oge ochie si kwuo, Athena, chi nso na agha, meri Poseidon, Chineke nke oké osimiri, maka nkwado nke obodo a na-akpọghị aha;  [1] ha ihe na onye ọ llaa nyere ndị Atens ego kacha mma ga-abụ onye na-elekọta ha [1] wee họpụta Cecrops, eze Atens ka ọ bụrụ onyeikpe.  [1] Dị ka ndị sitere n'aka Pseudo-Apollodorus si kwuo, Poseidon ji trident ya tie ala na mmiri nnu tolitere.  [1] Na nkeji ọzọ nke ndị ozi ifo si Vergil 's poem Georgics, kama Poseidon nyere ndị Atens egwuregwu mbụ.  [1] Na abụọ ahụ ahụ, Athena nyere ndị Atens osisi oliv mbụ e ji ụlọ ụlọ .  [1] [2] Cecrops nabatara ngosi a [1] wee kwupụta Athena onye na-elekọta chi echere Atens.  [1] [2] Atụpụta usoro ngwaọrụ dị dị iche iche, nke a na-ajụ ajụjụ a, , Lookdị awụ nke 17. Christian Lobeck tụpụtara dị ka ike nke aha ahụ okwu ἄθος</link> ( áthos ) ma ọ bụ ἄνθος  </link> ( ánthos )  Ludwig von Döderlein tụpụtara isi okwu ngwaa ahụ θάω</link> , stem θη- ( tháō, thē-, "ịnyị") iji gosi na Atens nwere ala na-eme nri.  [3] A na-akpọ ndị Athens cicada -wearers ( Ancient Greek: </link> ) n'ihi na ha na-eyi n'ọnụ cicadas ọla edo.  Ihe ịma nke ịbụ autochthonous (nke a egwuregwu n'ụwa), n'ihi na onye nchoputa nke Athens, Erechtheus bụ autochthon ma ọ bụ nke ịbụ ndị na-egwu egwu, n'ihi na cicada bụ ụmụ anụmanụ "egwu".  [4] N' akwụkwọ oge gboo, a na-akpọ obodo ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ ka Obodo Violet Crown, nke mbụ isiokwu na Pindar's ἰοστέφανοι Ἀθᾶναι ( iostéphanoi Athânai ), ma ọ bụ dị ka τὸθιικ (tọ kleinọn ásty  , "obodo ebube").

N'ime oge ochie, a sụgharịkwara aha obodo ahụ ọzọ n'ụdị otu dị ka Ἀθήνα . Aha dị iche iche gụnyere Setines, Satine, na Atines, mwepụta niile metụtara nkewa ụgha nke akpaokwu amụma.  Eze Alphonse X nke Castile na-enye pseudo-etymology 'nke na-enweghị ọnwụ / amaghị'. 'General Storia' (Global History)  Na Ottoman Turkish, a na-akpọ ya  Ātīnā,  na Turkish ọgbara ọhụrụ ọ bụ Atina .

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
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 Oge ochie 

Osborne, R. 1996, 2009. Akọnọ mmadụ kacha mara amara na Athens bụ Ọgba nke Schist, nke e degoro n'etiti àjà nke iri na otu na nke asaa BC.  [1] Ebeela Athens n'ihu ruo opekata mpe afọ 5,000 (3000 BC).  [2] [3] Site na 1400 BC, akwụkwọ ahụ abụrụla ebe dị mkpa nke ike Mycenaean, na Acropolis bụ saịtị nke nnukwu ebe ewusiri ike Mycenaean, nke ike ike mata ozu ya site na ngalaba nke Cyclopean .  [4] N'adịghị ka ebe ndị Mycenaean ndị ọzọ, dị ka Mycenae na Pylos, a maghị ma Atens nwere ihe n'ihe dị ka 1200. BC, ihe omume a na-ekwukarị na mbuso agha Dorian, ndị Atens na-ekwukwa  na ha bụ ndị Ionia dị ọcha na- damuwa mmewere Dorian.  hụrụ, Athens, dị ka ọtụtụ ebe obibi Bronze Age ndị ọzọ, batara n'ọdịda akụ na-ama ruo ihe dị ka afọ 150 ka nke ahụ ebere.  [5] A na-enyekarị olili ozu Iron Age, na Kerameikos [6] na ebe ndị ọzọ, ma ya site na 900. BC gawa n'ihu Atens bụ otu n'ime isi ebe na akara na mpaghara ahụ.

Na mmalite narị afọ nke anọ AD, Alaeze Ukwu Rom dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ malitere ịchịisi site na Constantinople, na site n'ịwube na mgbasawanye nke obodo ukwu, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nkà nke Atens bụ ndị eze ukwu weere iji chọọ ya mma. Alaeze Ukwu ahụ ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst, na iji Latin jụrụ ịkwado iji Grik nanị; n'oge ọchịchị ndị Rom, e ji asụsụ abụọ ahụ mee ihe. N'oge ndị Rom na-esote, ndị eze ukwu na-achị Atens na-aga n'ihu ruo na narị afọ nke 13, ụmụ amaala ya na-akọwapụta onwe ha dị ka ụmụ amaala nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom (" Rhomaioi "). Ntọghata nke alaeze ukwu ahụ site n'okpukpe ndị ọgọ mmụọ gaa n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst metụtara Atens nke ukwuu, nke mere ka a ghara ịkwanyere obodo ahụ ùgwù.  Ihe ncheta oge ochie dị ka Parthenon, Erechtheion na Hephaisteion (Ndị a) ka agbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ụka. Ka alaeze ukwu ahụ na-aghọwanye ndị na-emegide ndị ọgọ mmụọ, Atens ghọrọ obodo dị n'ógbè ma nwee ọganihu na-agbanwe agbanwe.