Ọgụgụ carbon

Carbon Literacy bụ mmata banyere Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetụta ihu igwe nke omume ụmụ mmadụ kwa ụbọchị. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ n'akwụkwọ sayensị na n'iji ya eme ihe (lee Nnyocha), mana ọ na-ejikọta ya na The Carbon Literacy Project (CLP).

 Nkọwa 
Carbon Literacy bụ ihe ọmụma na ikike achọrọ iji mepụta mgbanwe dị mma n'otú ụmụ mmadụ si ebi ndụ, rụọ ọrụ ma na-akpa àgwà na nzaghachi maka Mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Carbon Literacy Project na-akọwa Carbon Literaity dị ka "ịmata ụgwọ carbon na mmetụta nke ọrụ kwa ụbọchị na ikike na mkpali iji belata ikuku, n'otu n'otu, obodo na nhazi".

Iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ojiji nke ahịrịokwu ahụ n'echiche ya ('carbon literacy') (dịka ọmụmaatụ), na ojiji ya n'okpuru nkọwa a kwadoro (Carbon Literacy), a na-edepụta ahịrịokwu a (dịka). Lee Nnyocha.

 Ọrụ Mmụta Mmụta Carbon (CLP) 
A na-eji okwu Carbon Literacy mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi n'ọtụtụ oge gara aga, mana ọ malitere ịghọ onye a ma ama na 2009 mgbe ọ pụtara na mmepe nke atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe maka Manchester, Manchester: A Certain Future.

Atụmatụ a e dere site n'aka ụmụ amaala kwere nkwa na mpaghara obodo ukwu nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na UK ga-abụ:

 Mbelata ikuku carbon dioxide nke obodo Manchester site na 41% site na 2020, site na ọkwa 2005.
 Iji tinye ndị mmadụ niile, ndị agbata obi na òtù dị na Manchester n'usoro mgbanwe ọdịbendị nke na-etinye 'echiche carbon dị ala' n'ime ụdị ndụ na ọrụ nke obodo ahụ.

N'ihi ya, atụmatụ ahụ bu n'uche (i) belata ikuku site na ibelata ọchịchọ na ojiji nke ike; ịgbanwe teknụzụ eji emepụta ike; na ịgbanwe isi iyi nke mmanụ eji eme ihe site na mmanụ ala gaa na renewables; na (ii) ịmepụta 'omenala carbon dị ala' site n'ịmepụta nghọta zuru oke banyere ihe kpatara na mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, yana ịzụlite mmemme nke 'ịgụ na ide na ide na carbon'.

Dị ka atụmatụ edere ma nwee ya, nwa amaala ma ọ bụ nzukọ ọ bụla nwere ike ịzaghachi iji nyere aka n'inye ebumnuche na ebumnuche, agbanyeghị na ọ were ruo 2010 tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Manchester Cooler Projects CIC ewere ihe ịma aka nke inye ebumnuche Carbon Literacy: "...onye ọ bụla bi na ya, nwa akwụkwọ, nwa akwụkwọ na onye ọrụ [n'obodo ahụ] ga-enwerịrị ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụbọchị ọzụzụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe... ma eleghị anya ọtụtụ site na 2020.

N'afọ 2011, Cooler kpọkọtara otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mmadụ 30 sitere na ngalaba niile, ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, mepụtara nkọwa maka okwu ahụ, ma guzobe ihe achọrọ maka ọzụzụ otu ụbọchị iji mezuo nkọwa ahụ. Ihe ndị a chọrọ bụ ihe ndabere nke The Carbon Literacy Standard. Ụkpụrụ ahụ dabeere n'echiche dị mkpa na ọ bụrụ na ụmụ mmadụ ga-ebelata ikuku carbon site na ụdị mbelata nke sayensị chọrọ, anyị ga-achọ ịgbanwe ọdịbendị anyị yana teknụzụ anyị.

N'afọ 2012, Cooler malitere ịnwale usoro ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ, ebe ọrụ, na obodo. O guzobere ngwa ngwa atụmatụ na-abụghị maka uru - The Carbon Literacy Project - na mbụ na Manchester mana ngwa ngwa karịa, iji lekọta nnyefe ọzụzụ iji zute Standard, ma kwado ndị sonyere nke ọma dị ka "Carbon Literate". N'otu afọ ahụ, Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA) (nke gụnyere Manchester), guzobere Carbon Literacy dị ka otu n'ime ebumnuche anọ nke Greater Manchester Climate Change Strategy.

N'afọ 2014, e debanyere aha ọrụ ahụ dị ka ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha (usoro iwu na-abụghị maka uru na UK) The Carbon Literacy Trust (ọrụ ebere edebishere aha No.1156722) ka e wee nye echiche nke Carbon Literace na IP ya n'oge na-adịghị anya, maka ọdịmma ọha na eze.

N'afọ 2015, a họọrọ Carbon Literacy Project site n'ọhịa zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke Transformative Actions Program (TAP) na nzukọ UN Climate Change (COP21) na Paris, Disemba 2015. N'ihi ya, a na-amata Carbon Literacy Project dị ka otu n'ime nzaghachi 100 kachasị elu ụwa ga-enye iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe.

N'afọ 2015, Councillor Jeff Smith ghọrọ onye omeiwu Carbon Literate mbụ.

na 2016, The Carbon Literacy Project webatara atụmatụ ikikere a na-akpọ ikikere Carbon Literate Organisation (CLO) .

 Carbon Literate Organisation (CLO) 
The Carbon Literacy Project (2016) mepụtara ma malite ikikere Carbon Literate Organisation (CLO) na CLO Standard metụtara ya iji nye 'baajị' a na-ahụ anya nke na-egosi otu dị ka (i) raara onwe ya nye Carbon Literaity (CL), (ii) nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị Carbon Literate, na (iii) nwere mkpebi ịkwado ndị Carbon Literated ma nọgide na-enwe ọdịbendị carbon ya dị ala. Otu nzukọ na-eji ọnọdụ a eme ihe iji soro obodo ya na-emekọrịta ihe nke ọma - ma ha bụ ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ahịa, ndị agbata obi, ndị mmụta, ndị na-eweta ihe ma ọ bụ Ndị metụtara ya. Akụkụ anọ nke ikikere (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum) na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti òtù na-egosi ọkwa dị iche iche nke mkpebi.

N'ụwa niile ruo ugbu a, a na-edebanye aha òtù iri na anọ dị ka Carbon Literate Organisations (CLOs), gụnyere Mahadum Manchester, Manchester Museum na Northwards Housing.

 Nnyocha 
Ojiji nke okwu 'ịgụ na ide carbon' na-agbasawanye n'asụsụ na akwụkwọ sayensị kwa ụbọchị, ma na-agụnye (i) nyocha nke na-enyocha Carbon Literacy na The Carbon Literaity Project, na (ii) ojiji nke okwu ahụ 'ịgụ akwụkwọ carbon' n'echiche doro anya.

Nzaghachi omume omume omume na mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere oke n'ihi ejighị n'aka na mgbagwoju anya metụtara isiokwu ahụ. Nnyocha dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na mkpa maka itinye aka na ọha mmadụ na ibelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, site na mmụba nke nghọta n'etiti ụmụ amaala, òtù, ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ ọha na eze n'ihi ejighị n'aka na mgbagwoju anya metụtara isiokwu ahụ. Mgbasa nke ọzụzụ Carbon Literacy (CL) (nke gụnyere ihe kpatara ya na nsonaazụ nke ikuku carbon, na nghọta nke ike nke omume onye ọ bụla) egosila na ọ na-emetụta mgbanwe omume dị mma n'ihe gbasara ibelata akara carbon. N'ịgbaso ọzụzụ CL, ike na omume nchekwa carbon (gụnyere ma onye ọ bụla ma omume otu) egosila na ọ na-abawanye, gụnyere ihe akaebe nke 'mmetụta cascade'- ebe ndị sonyere na-ekwurịta CL na ezinụlọ, ndị enyi ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ibe. Na Greater Manchester CL na-agbasa ndị bi (site na njikọ ụlọ), ndị na-arụ ọrụ (BBC, Media City, Peel Media, ITV, Dock10, ndị ọchịchị mpaghara, Groundwork, Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue) na ndị na-amụ (Mahadum Manchester, Mahadum Manchester Metropolitan).

Nnyocha ndị ọzọ e mere n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga na-ezo aka n'echiche a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke 'ịgụ na ide carbon', na mkpa ya na mgbanwe omume carbon dị ala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Horng et al. lere anya na mmepe nke nhọrọ carbon dị ala na ụlọ ọrụ njem nleta Taiwanese, na Teng et al. chọpụtara na 'ịgụ na ide carbon' na-eme ka omume carbon dị ala dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ ile ọbịa na Taiwan. Nnyocha lekwasịrị anya na 'omume ịgụ na ide nke carbon' n'ịmepụta ihe ọmụma ụmụaka banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'ebe a, a chọtara ọkwa dị elu nke ihe ọmụma na nghọta mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụmụ akwụkwọ sitere na 'ụlọ akwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi' ma e jiri ya tụnyere 'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị gburugburu ebe obibi', na-egosi mkpa Carbon Literacy dị n'ime ntọala obodo iji mee ka mgbanwe ọdịbendị dị mfe.

 Hụkwa 

 Okpomọkụ ụwa
 Carbon dioxide
 Gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ
 Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ
 Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa na oké osimiri
 Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ coal
 Ihe ndekọ okpomọkụ nke ala
 Nkọwa okwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe
 Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị mgbanwe ihu igwe
 Ndepụta nke isiokwu mgbanwe ihu igwe
 Echiche sayensị banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe

 Ihe odide 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ọrụ Ịgụ na Ịgụ na Ụba nke Carbon
 Ọrụ Ndị Na-adịghị Nro
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations