Inner Niger Delta

Delta Intérieur du Niger284x284pxN'ime ala Niger Delta Ebe Mpaghara Sahel nke etiti Mali Nhazi 
.N'ime Niger Delta, nke a dị ka Macina ma ọ bụ Masina, [1] bụ ala dị n'ime ala nke osimiri Niger .  Ọ bụ mpaghara ala mmiri na-ahọ oyi, ɔdɔ mmiri na ala idei mmiri na mpaghara Sahel hụrụ nkụ nke etiti Mali, dị na ndịda foto Sahara

 Ebe na nkọwa 
Delta nwere n'etiti etiti nke osimiri Niger, n'etiti Niger nke bifurcated na akpa ya nke Bani, nke si ebe a na-agba n'ebe ugwu gaa egwu.  Niger bụ osimiri kacha ogologo na West Africa.  Ndị dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Mopti, Sévaré na Djenné, nke nwere nnukwu ụlọ alakụba apịtị dị na 400. mpaghara ogologo km.

Ndị Fulani na Dogon bi na mpaghara Macina na mpaghara gbara gburugburu, nke nwere ihe ọmụmụ 500,000.  Ọtụtụ n'ime afọ, ebe ahụ nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na nke mbụ nkụ, na-enwe ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ sitere na Sahara dị nso na-ebuli akwụkwọ ruo 40 Celsius C ma ọ bụ 104 °F .  N'oge udu mmiri, nke na-adịrukarị site na June ruo September mana ọ ka na-aga n'ihu na ndịda, apịtị idei mmiri na-abanye n'ime ɔdɔ ma na-agba mmiri n'ala.  Mgbe oge ọkọchị na-ahụ, Macina na-akpa na egwu nke ɔdɔ mmiri na ọwa.  Ehi, millet pearl, na osikapa bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa a na-ahụ n'ubi.  Dị n'ime obodo Macina na- ndị Mali bi n'ebe ahụ mmiri na azụ ma n'oge oge mmiri bụ ebe nchekwa maka oyiyi buru ibu.

Na-akpa afọ nke 19, Seku Amadu ntọala ntọala Massina tọrọ Ukwu na mpaghara ahụ, na-ewu isi obodo na Hamdullahi na 1820. Massina dara n'aka El Hadj Umar Tall 's Toucouleur Empire na 1862, onye n'aka nke ya.  dabara n'aka ndị agha France .  mgbaàmà ahụ dị nke obodo Mali na akwụkwọ onwe ya na 1960.
.Ọdịda dị n'osimiri mmiri dị n'ụdị elu nke osimiri Bani na Niger na-eme ka ọkwa mmiri na-arrị elu n'okpuru.  Oke idei mmiri na-arrị elu na- mgbanwe dị iche iche nke mpaghara delta dị ala, ebe ịrị elu mmiri na-egosi site na oke mmiri ozuzo dara.  Nke a n'aka nke ya, na-emetụta nke ugwo nke ntụrụndụ Convergence Intertropical .  Oge igbu oge dị n'etiti oke mmiri ozuzo na oke mmiri dị na mpaghara delta dị n'ime ala.  Ọ bụ na oge mmiri na-adị ụnwa ụbọọ site na Julaị ruo September, idei mmirika ekpuchi ekpuchi ihe na ndịda nke mpaghara delta ruo n'isi ụtụtụ ruo etiti October.  Ihe si na ya pụta bụ na mmiri na-elụ nke Delta mgbe oge ọkọchị na-aga nke ọma.  [1] faili ama na ọ bụ naanị patches kacha ala ka a na-eju mmiri kwa afọ: elu dị elu na-enweta idei mmiri n'oge na-adịte aka iche n'ihi ihe ogo nke ọkwa mmiri na-ebili.  Nkewa a n'ihe dị ka mpaghara atọ (idei mmiri na-e edi, idei mmiri na-e oge ụfọdụ n'aka na-ahụ oge idei mmiri), na-eme maka patches na-adịgasị iche na-ahụ ha dị ka fim nso na mmiri isi isi.  na elu

Inland Delta na-etolite ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe kpọrọ nkụ. A na-amachi uto ahịhịa ya site na mmiri dị, ya mere na-enye patches ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ karịa ka idei mmiri na-ekpuchi nnukwu ahịhịa na ihe mkpuchi ahịhịa dị ka osisi.  Dị ka e kwuru, okirikiri idei mmiri na-agbaso usoro mmiri ozuzo. Usoro nke ahịhịa n'akụkụ ya na-esochi usoro idei mmiri na-ewe oge ụfọdụ: ọ na-ewe ụbọchị ole na ole ka ahịhịa tolite mgbe idei mmiri gachara, mana ọnwa ole na ole tupu osisi anwụọ n'ihi ụkọ mmiri mgbe mmiri idei mmiri atalatala ọzọ. 

Mgbe a na-ekewa ahịhịa na ahịhịa, osisi shrub na oyi akwa osisi, ihe ruru 80% nke mkpuchi ahịhịa na Sahel nwere ahịhịa. Na mpaghara delta Otú ọ dị, mmiri na-adị ngwa ngwa na akụkụ ka ukwuu nke mkpuchi bụ osisi na osisi. Ihe mkpuchi ahịhịa n'onwe ya na-agbanwekwa, na-erute 100% n'oge na obere oge ka oge idei mmiri gachara. Naanị paịlị ndị dị ala dị nso na mmiri na-adịgide adịgide bụ ahịhịa ndụ kwa afọ. 

Southern Delta [1] Ala idei mmiri dị ala nwere ike, osisi na mmiri mmirika, Acroceras amplectens na Echinochloa pyramidalis, millet burgu ( Echinochloa stagnina ) na lovegrass Eragrostis atrovirens .

Mpụ dị n'ụdị - Ala, dị na nsacha mmiri mmiri, na-ata nri nke ukwuu.  Osisi mgbanaka afụ ọnụ Andropogon gayanus, ilo dūrvā Cynodon dactylon, na mmiri Hyparrhenia dissoluta .  N'ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri mmiri, Mimosa asperata na Salix chevalieri na-eto n'elu ala Cyperus maculatus .

Northern Delta[1] Amara ya site na mkpọ aja aja nke na-akwado nkwụ Hyphaene thebaica na Borassus aethiopum, osisi arabic chịngọm Acacia nilotica, Guarea senegalensis, Mimosa asperata na Ziziphus mauritiana.

The delta bụ ebe akụkụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ọtụtụ ndị puku Wintering garganeys, pintails na ruffs na ozuzu colonies nke cormorant, heron, spoonbill, ibis na ndị ọzọ waterbirds n'ihe ndụ ize West African subspecies nke nwa okpueze kreenu ( Balearica  pavonina pavonina).  Ndị mmadụ mụrụla ụmụ anụmanụ buru ibu na mpaghara ahụ.  Mammals ndị mmụọ African manatee, nke a mara dị ka ehi oké osimiri nke bi na osimiri ma na-azụ ihe n'okpuruokpuru mmiri.  Na osimiri ahụ bara ahụ na nke azụ azụ abụọ endemics;  Mochokidae catfish Synodontis gobroni na a cichlid, Gobiocichla wonderi .

Elise Martin:Main basse sur le fleuve, Jeune Afrique No. 2583 du 11 au 17 Juillet 2010Owuwu nke nnukwu ọrụ ịgba mmiri n'elu mmiri nke Inner Niger Delta na-eyi gburugburu ebe obibi ya na ndụ nke ndị bi na ya egwu.  Nke 100,000 nwere ha bụ ndọtị na mpaghara nke Office du Niger na-agba mmiri site na mmiri mmiri Malibia.  Mgbatị ahụ, nke a na-arụ na 2010, bụ nke Libya Africa Investment Pọtụfoliyo na-akwado ya nke ga-enwekwa ikike irigbu ala a na-agba mmiri.  Dị ka James Leten, onyehal si kwuo, ọrụ a ga-Bada ebe dị n'okpuru mmiri miri emi na Inner Niger Delta 43. Ebe n'okpuru miri inundation dị mkpa maka ndị na-azụ anụ, n'ihi na  ọ bụ naanị n'ebe ahụ Borgou ( Echinochloa stagnina ) na-etolite, osisi nke na-edozi ahụ maka ehi.  Ndị na-azụ anụ ndị na-esi n'ebe dị anya dị ka Burkina Faso na Mauritania kwe ka anụ ụlọ ha na-ata nri na Borgou nke Inner Niger Delta.  Dị ka otu ndị dị na Jeune Afrique si kwuo, onye na-akpa ahụ ime ka ndị mara mkpa ọ dị ebe obibi ọzọ maka ndị na-azụ anụ, o doro anya na ọ dịghị ihe ịga nke ọma

.Satịtị Ramsar atọ, mkpokọta 1,620 km 2 ekwuputala na Delta;  Lac Horo, Lac Debo, na Séri idei mmiri.  Mana Delta nchekwa echebe nke ukwuu ma n'otu oge ahụ anụ ahụ azụ na osisi ugbo na Delta dị mkpa maka ndụ nke ndị Mali.  Obere mmiri dị n'osimiri, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ọnụ ọgụgụ na- mmadụ na nkewa nke usoro ọdịnala maka ịkesa ihe ndị dị na Delta bụ ihe niile nwere ike ike aka na gburugburu ebe obibi.  iko, a anaghị achịkwa azụ azụ (n'oge gara aga, ọ bụ naanị ebo abụọ ka a na-enye nhọrọ iche azụ) na oke azụ̀ dị n'osimiri na-enwe.  N'otu aka ahụ akara ngosi na-ebutekwa ịta nri.  N'ikpeazụ, Selinge Dam na ọrụ ọrụ mmiri ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọkwa na omume oge nke osimiri

 Ntụaka 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 


  Link includes both volumes. Volume 2 includes 8 maps. The L'Institut de recherche pour le développement site also has pdf files containing individual chapters.
  Also published in French with the title  Le Niger: une Artère vitale. Gestion efficace de l’eau dans le bassin du Haut Niger.

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations