Charles Thurstan Shaw

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Chief Charles Thurstan Shaw CBE FBA FSA (27 June 1914 - 8 March 2013)  bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Bekee, onye ọkachamara mbụ a zụrụ azụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ihe bụ British West Africa n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na ọdịbendị oge ochie nke Ghana na Naijiria nke oge a. O nyere aka guzobe ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere Ghana National Museum na ngalaba archaeology na Mahadum Ghana. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Ibadan na 1960, ebe o mechara guzobe ma melite ngalaba nkà mmụta ihe ochie ya. Ọ duziri nke a ihe karịrị afọ iri tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na 1974.
Ihe ndị Shaw gwupụtara na Igbo-Ukwu, Naịjirịa kpughere ọdịbendị ụmụ amaala nke narị afọ nke itoolu nke mepụtara ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya na ọrụ ọla nchara, na-enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla Arab ma ọ bụ Europe na ọtụtụ narị afọ tupu ebe ndị ọzọ a maara nke ọma n'oge nchọpụta ahụ. E nyere ya C.B.E. na 1972 maka onyinye ya.  N'afọ 1989, e mere ya Onye isi agbụrụ na Naịjirịa.

Na mgbakwunye, Shaw rụrụ ọrụ n'ịgbasawanye nkwukọrịta banyere nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Africa; na 1964, o guzobere West African Archaeological Newsletter, nke ọ dezigharịrị ruo 1970; site na 1971 ruo 1975, ọ dezigharị West African Journal of Archaeology.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ ya na Plymouth, England,  Thurstan Shaw bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Reverend John Herbert Shaw, onye ụkọchukwu Anglican, na Grace Irene Woollatt. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Blundell's School na Tiverton.  gụrụ Classics na Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, ebe ọ gbakwunyere Archeology. Shaw nwetara .A. (1st class) na 1936 ma nye ya M.A. na 1941. [1]

 Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ 
Louis Leakey gbara Shaw ume ịga Gold Coast (mgbe e mesịrị Ghana) ịrụ ọrụ na nkà mmụta ihe ochie. Ọ bịarutere na 15 Septemba 1937 wee malite dị ka onye nkuzi na Kọmitii Mmụta Cambridge. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nlekọta nke Anthropology Museum na Achimota College, na-arụ ọrụ ahụ ruo n'afọ 1945. N'oge a, o mere nchọpụta ihe ochie mbụ na Ghana na Dawu nso Accra .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Cambridge Institute of Education site na 1951 ruo 1964.

N'ime afọ 1950, Shaw nyere aka chọta ma hazie nchịkọta nke Ghana National Museum ma guzobe ngalaba nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Ghana. Ndị a bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mba na-emepe emepe ka Ghana na-aga n'ihu na nnwere onwe. Ha kwadoro ọmụmụ na nchekwa nke ihe nketa bara ọgaranya nke mba ahụ n'ime ókèala ya. 

 Ihe ndị e gwupụtara na Igbo-Ukwu 

'afọ 1959, ngalaba ihe ochie nke Naịjirịa kpọrọ Shaw ka ọ gwuo ihe na Igbo-Ukwu, ebe onye obodo ahụ chọtara ọtụtụ ọla nchara oge ochie. Igbo-Ukwu  nso n'obodo oge ochie nke Onitsha na Eastern Nigeria . [1] Ihe nchoputa Shaw kpughere iberibe ọla nchara nke bụ ihe akaebe nke mmepeanya Igbo dị mgbagwoju anya site na narị afọ nke itoolu. Thurstan Shaw, "Excavations at Igbo-Ukwu, Eastern Nigeria: An Interim Report," Man, Vol. 60 (November 1960), pp. 161-164 gosipụtara omenala ọrụ ígwè kachasị melite n'oge ahụ. Ndị Igbo na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị a ọtụtụ narị afọ tupu mmepe nke ebe ndị ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọla nchara n'ihe bụ Naịjirịa ugbu a.

Shaw laghachiri n'obodo ahụ n'afọ 1964 wee mee nchọpụta abụọ ọzọ. Ihe ndị a kpughere nnukwu ọla nchara, yana ọtụtụ puku beads azụmahịa, ihe akaebe nke netwọk azụmahịa gbasaa na Ijipt. Thurstan Shaw, "Further Excavations at Igbo-Ukwu, Eastern Nigeria: An Interim Report", Man, Vol. 65 (Nov. - Dec., 1965), pp. 181-184 chọpụtakwara ihe akaebe nke ememe ndị metụtara olili ozu na ebe ndị dị nsọ.

Ihe  afọ iri ise ka e mesịrị, na nkwali nke nwunye ya Pamela Jane Smith, otu ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie si na Mahadum Nigeria na Mahadum Cambridge, nke Dr. Kingsley Daraojimba duziri, na-eleghachi ma gbasaa ọrụ Shaw na Igbo-Ukwu.

 Afọ ndị sochirinụ 
N'afọ 1960, Shaw sonyeere Mahadum Ibadan, Naịjirịa, ebe n'afọ 1963 ọ ghọrọ Prọfesọ Nnyocha nke Archaeology. O guzobere ngalaba nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie, zụọ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nwere nkà, ma duzie ngalaba ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1974. Dabere  nyocha nke ọrụ ya bipụtara, Cambridge nyere Shaw PhD na 1968.

Site na 1964 ruo 1970, Shaw bụ onye guzobere na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke West African Archaeological Newsletter. Ọ dezigharịrị West African Journal of Archaeology site na 1971 ruo 1975. O dere n'okpuru aha Thurstan Shaw na aha mkpịsị aka nke Peter Woods.    bụ onye isi oche nke PanAfrican Archaeological Association site na 1971 ruo 1977.

Ọ laghachiri England site na Africa na 1976 mgbe a họpụtara ya dịka onye nduzi ọmụmụ na Archaeology na Anthropology na Magdalene College, Cambridge.  rụrụ ọrụ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1979.

 Ndụ onwe onye 
N'afọ 1939 ọ lụrụ Ione Magor, ha nwekwara ụmụ nwoke abụọ na ụmụ nwanyị atọ; ọtụtụ ụmụ ụmụ ya gụnyere Julian Gough, onye gakwara Sidney Sussex. Ione nwụrụ na 1992. "Professor Thurstan Shaw", The Telegraph (UK), 9 March 2013'afọ 2004 ọ lụrụ Pamela Jane Smith, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie.

Shaw bụ onye na-eme udo, na 1960 ọ ghọrọ onye Quaker na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-akwanyere ùgwù. O sonyere n'ihe omume ndị na-emegide agha.  World Archeology Conference na 1986, o sonyere na mkpagbu megide ndị ọkà mmụta South Africa dị ka ihe na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

 Akwụkwọ 

 The Archaeology of Africa: Nri, Mmetụta na Obodo (1995) 
 Nchọpụta Igbo-Ukwū: Nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Nigeria (1977) 
 Ịchọpụta Ihe Mere Naịjirịa n'oge gara aga (1975) 
  Igbo-Ukwu: Akụkọ banyere nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa (1970/1977 mbipụta akwụkwọ mpịakọta)  
 The Study of Africa's Past (1946) 



 Hụkwa 

 Nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Igbo-Ukwu

 Ihe odide 

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