Peter Ladefoged

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Peter Nielsen Ladefoged (//'lædɪfOʊɡọɪd// LAD-if-oh-ghid,   17 Septemba 1925 - 24 Jenụwarị 2006) bụ onye Britain na-asụ asụsụ na onye na-asụgharị ụdaolu. 

Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Phonetics na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA), ebe ọ kụziri site na 1962 ruo 1991. Akwụkwọ ya bụ A Course in Phonetics bụ ederede mmeghe a na-ahụkarị na phonetics, na The Sounds of the World's Languages (nke ya na Ian Maddieson dere) ka a na-ewere n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe atụ phonetics. Ladefoged dekwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụdaolu nke asụsụ Afrịka. Tupu UCLA, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na mahadum Edinburgh, Scotland (1953-59, 1960-1) na Ibadan, Nigeria (1959-60). 

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Peter Ladefoged na 17 Septemba 1925, na Sutton (n'oge ahụ na Surrey, ugbu a na Greater London), England. Ọ gara Haileybury College site na 1938 ruo 1943, na Gonville na Caius College, Cambridge, Cambridge University site na 1943 ruo 1944. Ọ natara MA (1951) na PhD (1959) na Phonetics site na Mahadum Edinburgh na 1959.

 Ọrụ 
Ladefoged sonyere na ụlọ nyocha phonetics na UCLA, nke o guzobere na 1962.  nwekwara mmasị ige ntị na ịkọwa ụda ọ bụla a na-eji n'asụsụ mmadụ, nke o mere atụmatụ na ụdaume 900 na ụdaume 200. Nnyocha a bụ ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ n'ime The Sounds of the World's Languages. 'afọ 1966, Ladefoged si na Ngalaba Bekee nke UCLA kwaga na Ngalaba Asụsụ e guzobere ọhụrụ.

Mgbe ọ nọ na UCLA, e were Ladefoged n'ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na ihe nkiri My Fair Lady . Peter Ladefoged, in Phonetic data analysis: An introduction to fieldwork and instrumental techniques (Wiley-Blackwell), 2003, p. 28 dere ihe odide ndị a pụrụ ịhụ na akwụkwọ mpịakọta Prọfesọ Higgins, a na-ejikwa olu ya mee ihe n'ihe nkiri ebe Higgins na-akọwa ụdaume.

Ladefoged bụkwa onye otu International Phonetic Association ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Association site na 1986 ruo 1991. O tinyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịnọgide na-enwe International Phonetic Alphabet, ọ bụkwa onye isi na-akwalite 1989 International Phonatic Association Kiel Convention. Ọ bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Journal of the International Phonetic Association. Ladefoged jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke Endangered Language Fund kemgbe e bidoro ya.

Ladefoged bụ onye guzobere Association for Laboratory Phonology . 

 Ndụ onwe onye 
Ladefoged lụrụ Jenny MacDonald na 1953, alụmdi na nwunye nke were ihe karịrị afọ 50.   nwere ụmụ atọ: Lise Friedman, onye na-ere akwụkwọ; Thegn Ladefoged, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na prọfesọ nke Anthropology na Mahadum nke Auckland;  na Katie Ladefoging, onye ọka iwu na onye na-agbachitere ọha na eze, bi na Nashville, Tennessee. O nwekwara ụmụ ise Zelda Ladefoged, Ethan Friedman, Amy Friedman, Joseph Weiss, na Catherine Weiss.

 Mee 5, 1970, e jidere Ladefoged ma merụọ ya ahụ site n'aka ndị uwe ojii mgbe ọ na-ekere òkè na ngagharị iwe megide Agha Vietnam na UCLA .  Na mbụ, e boro ya ebubo na ọ gaghị agbasa, mana e mechara gbanwee ebubo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ịwakpo onye uwe ojii.  tọhapụrụ ya na ikpe mbụ.

 Ọnwụ 
Ladefoged nwụrụ  24 Jenụwarị 2006 mgbe ọ dị afọ 80 n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na London, England mgbe ọ gachara India.  nọ n'ụzọ ọ na-ala na Los Angeles, California site na njem nyocha ya.

 Usoro iheomume agụmakwụkwọ 

 1953-: Onye enyemaka nkuzi na Phonetics, Mahadum nke Edinburgh
 1955-: Onye nkuzi na Phonetics, Mahadum nke Edinburgh
 1959-: Onye nkuzi na Phonetics, Mahadum Ibadan, Nigeria
 1960-: Onye nkuzi na Phonetics, Mahadum nke Edinburgh
 1961-: Onye otu egwuregwu, Nnyocha Asụsụ nke West Africa, Nigeria
 Oge okpomọkụ 1960: Mahadum nke Michigan
 Oge okpomọkụ 1961: Royal Institute of Technology, [Kungliga Tekniska högskolan ma ọ bụ KTH], (Stockholm, Sweden) 
 1962-: Onye enyemaka Prọfesọ nke Phonetics, Ngalaba Bekee, UCLA
 1962: E guzobere, ma duzie ruo 1991, UCLA Phonetics Laboratory
 1963-: Onye nkuzi nke Phonetics, Ngalaba nke Asụsụ], UCLA
 1965-: Prọfesọ nke Phonetics, Ngalaba nke Asụsụ, UCLA
 1977-: Onye isi oche, Ngalaba Asụsụ, UCLA
 1991: "ala ezumike nká" ka ọ bụrụ UCLA Research Linguist, Distinguished Professor of Phonetics Emeritus
 2005: Leverhulme Prọfesọ, Mahadum nke Edinburgh
 2005-06: Onye nkuzi prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Southern California (USC) 

 Nsọpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ 

 Onye otu Acoustical Society of AmericaÒtù Egwú nke America
 Onye otu American Speech and Hearing AssociationÒtù Okwu na Ịnụrụ Okwu nke America
 Ihe nrite nkuzi pụrụ iche, UCLA 1972
 Onye isi oche, Linguistic Society of America, 1978
 Onye isi oche nke Kansụl Na-adịgide Adịgide Maka Nzukọ Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Sayensị Phonetic, 1983-1991
 Onye isi oche, International Phonetic Association, 1987-1991
 Onye nkuzi nyocha nke UCLA 1989
 Fellow nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1990
 UCLA College of Letters and Science Faculty Research Lecturer 1991
 Ihe nrite ọla edo, XIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 1991
 Onye nnọchi anya nke British Academy 1992
 Honorary D.Litt., Mahadum nke Edinburgh, 1993
 Onye mba ọzọ, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 1993
 Ihe nrite ọlaọcha, Acoustical Society of America 1994
 Onye nnọchi anya, Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2001
 Honorary D.Sc. Mahadum Queen Margaret, Edinburgh, 2002

 Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ 

 Monograph mgbakwunye na Revista do Laboratório de Fonética Experimental da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra (Journal of Experimental Phonetics Laboratory of the Faculty of Arts, University of Coimbra).
 Mbipụta akwụkwọ mpịakọta 1971. Nsụgharị gaa na Japanese, Taishukan Publishing Company, 1976. Mbipụta nke abụọ, nke nwere isiakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gbasara ụdaolu 1996.
 E bipụtaghachiri ya na 1968.



 Ladefoged (1975). Ọmụmụ ihe na phonetics. Orlando: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0-15-507319-2. Mbipụta nke abụọ n'afọ 1982, mbipụta nke atọ. 1993, mbipụta nke anọ. 2001, mbipụta nke ise. Boston: Thomson/Wadsworth 2006, 6th ed. 2011 (onye edemede Keith Johnson) Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Nsụgharị Japanese 2000.

 2001, mbipụta nke abụọ. 2004.




 Ọrụ ndị metụtara ma ọ bụ banyere 

 George Cukor (onye nduzi), Alan Jay Lerner (onye na-ede abụ): My Fair Lady. Ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri. (1964).


 Ihe odide