Orton-Gillingham

Usoro Orton-Gillingham bụ usoro ụdaume dị iche iche maka ntụziaka ọgụgụ nke mepụtara na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. A na-eme ya dị ka ụzọ doro anya, nke doro anya, nghọta, nke na-agbakọta, na nke nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikọkarị ya na ịkụzi ndị nwere dyslexia, ọ dị nnọọ irè maka ndị mmadụ niile na-amụta ịgụ, ịpị mkpụrụ, na ide. Na US, ihe karịrị mmemme azụmahịa 15 yana ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere dyslexia na nkwarụ mmụta metụtara ya na-akwalite ya.

Academy of Orton-Gillingham, nke a na-akpọbu "The Orton Society", na-enye ndị mmadụ asambodo na-enweta usoro ọzụzụ na OGA Fellow na ndị mechara ọrụ nlekọta. A kwadoro kọmitii a n'okpuru NYS Board of regents.

 Orton na Gillingham 
Samuel Torrey Orton (1879-1948), onye na-ahụ maka akwara na ọrịa na Mahadum Columbia, mụrụ ụmụaka nwere nsogbu nhazi asụsụ dịka dyslexia. Ya na onye nkuzi na onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ Anna Gillingham (1878-1963), mepụtara usoro iji kụzie ịgụ ihe, nke jikọtara usoro mmụta kinesthetic (nke dabeere na mmegharị) na nke a na-emetụ aka (nke dabeare na mmetụta) na nkuzi nke echiche anya na nke ịnụ ihe.

N'afọ 1935, Gillingham, ya na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge Bessie Stillman, bipụtara akwụkwọ ntuziaka Gillingham-Stillman, Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling and Penmanship. A maara nke a ugbu a dị ka usoro Orton-Gillingham (O-G), "usoro ụdaume dị iche iche maka ntụziaka ọgụgụ. "

 Mmejuputa 
The Institute of Education Sciences (onwe, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), na-akọwa usoro dị ka ndị a: "Orton-Gillingham bụ usoro sara mbara, nke nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta maka ịkụzi ịgụ na ịpị mkpụrụ nke enwere ike ịgbanwe maka onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ otu ntụziaka na ọkwa ọgụgụ niile. Oge nkuzi bụ ihe na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị na-anụ ihe, anya, na kinesthetic na-eme ka ibe ha sikwuo ike.

Dị ka Rose na Zirkel si kwuo, mmemme O-G na-ejikarị usoro multi-sensory akụzi echiche ndị bụ isi nke mkpụrụ okwu, ide, na ịgụ ihe ma na-aga n'ihu na-ewulite na nkà ndị a zụrụ. " Variants of O-G "ewere ụdị ihe karịrị mmemme azụmahịa 15 na ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ. "

 Nnyocha banyere ịdị irè ya 
N'afọ 2000, National Reading Panel gụnyere usoro Orton-Gillingham na ọmụmụ ihe ha, "Kụziaka Ụmụaka Ịgụ: Nnyocha nke Akwụkwọ Nnyocha Sayensị na Ịgụ na Mmetụta Ya maka Ntụziaka Ịgụ. " Panel ahụ kwadoro mkpa ọ dị inye ntụziaka klas na ịmara ụdaume, ụdaume, fluency, okwu, na nghọta.

The Florida Center for Reading Research kọrọ na 2006 na ọ nweghị ike ịchọpụta ọmụmụ ihe ọ bụla na-enyocha ịdị irè nke usoro ahụ kpọmkwem dị ka akọwapụtara na ihe ọzụzụ Orton-Gillingham. N'ihi ya, enweghi ihe akaebe nyocha iji chọpụta ịdị irè ya, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọmụmụ dịgasị iche iche nke usoro ndị sitere na ya nke na-agụnye akụkụ nke Orton-Gillingham na njikọta ya na usoro ndị ọzọ.

Nchịkọta nke nyocha niile a kọrọ banyere usoro Orton-Gillingham, dị ka Alphabetic Phonics ma ọ bụ Project Read, kpughere naanị ọmụmụ iri na abụọ nwere nsonaazụ na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ na ọtụtụ ntụpọ usoro. N'agbanyeghị nkwubi okwu ndị a, isiokwu ahụ na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu nke nyocha dịnụ, nke a na-ele anya nke ọma ga-egosi ụfọdụ ihe akaebe nke uru site na iji usoro OG na klas na ndị nọ na klas mbụ, yana iji ya na agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ ntọala ụlọ enyemaka na ụmụaka ndị okenye nwere nkwarụ mmụta.

Dị ka nyocha nke akwụkwọ ahụ si kwuo na 2008, a chọpụtabeghị ịdị irè ya.

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2010, ụlọ ọrụ US Department of Education kọrọ na ọ pụghị ịchọta ọmụmụ ihe ọ bụla na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ihe akaebe ya iji kwado ịdị irè nke atụmatụ Orton-Gillingham.

 Ihe odide 

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations