Francisca

Francisca (ma ọ bụ francesca) bụ anyụike a na-atụba nke Ndị Frank ji mee ihe dị ka ngwá agha n'oge mmalite oge etiti, n'etiti ha bụ ngwá agha mba n'oge Ndị Merovingian (ihe dị ka 500 ruo 750 AD). A maara na e ji ya mee ihe n'oge ọchịchị Charlemagne (768-814). Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude (1982). The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations. Simon & Schuster. p. 186. ISBN 0-671-42257-X. bụ ezie na a na-ejikọta ya na ndị Frank, Ndị Germany ndị ọzọ nke oge ahụ, gụnyere Ndị Anglo-Saxon, jikwa ya mee ihe; achọtawo ọtụtụ ihe atụ na England.

 Okwu mmalite 
Okwu Francisca pụtara na mbụ n'akwụkwọ Etymologiarum sive originum, libri XVIII nke Isidore nke Seville (ihe dị ka 560-636) dị ka aha e ji mee ihe na Hispania iji zoo aka na ngwá agha ndị a "n'ihi ojiji ndị Frank ji mee ihe".

Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Gregory nke Tours (ihe dị ka 538-594) na akụkọ ihe mere anya nke ndị Frank na-eji okwu Latịn abụọ maka anyụike ndị Frank: securis na bipennis.

Ọchịchị Vichy France jiri onyinyo nke francisque nwere isi abụọ dị ka akụkụ nke ihe oyiyi ya (iji fasces tụnyere).

 Nkọwa 
A na-amata francisca site na isi ya dị ka ogidi, na-agbasawanye n'akụkụ ọkpụkpụ ma na-akwụsị n'ebe a ma ama na nkuku elu na ala. 'elu isi na-abụkarị ma ọ bụ S-shaped ma ọ bụ convex na akụkụ dị ala na-agbanye n'ime ma na-eme ka ogwe aka na obere ogwe osisi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ebuli isi elu karị, na-eme ka akụkụ sara mbara na haft. Ọtụtụ francisca nwere anya dị gburugburu ma ọ bụ nke yiri anya mmiri iji daba na haft dị warara, nke yiri anyụike Viking. Dabere na nha nke replicas nke oge a, francisca nwere ogologo haft nke dị ihe dị ka 40-45 cm (16-18 in) na 10 cm (4 in) ọnụ ọnụ [./Francisca#cite_note-Blair-1 [1]]  na nkezi ịdị arọ nke ihe dị ka 600 g (21 oz, 1.3 lb). [1]      Dabere<ref name=Underwood> isi ndị dị ndụ nke francisca nwetara na Burgh Castle na Morning Thorpe na mpaghara Norfolk, England, [1] ogologo nke isi n'onwe ya tụrụ 14-15 cm (5-6 in) site na nsọtụ ruo n'azụ oghere ahụ.  

 Ojiji 
Onye Byzantium na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Procopius (ihe dị ka 500-565) kọwara ndị Frank na ojiji ha na-eji anyụike atụpu:

Procopius mere ka o doo anya na ndị Frank tụbara anyụike ha ozugbo tupu ọgụ aka na aka na ebumnuche nke imebi ọta na imebi akara ndị iro ka ha wee merụọ ma ọ bụ gbuo onye agha iro. Ibu nke isi na ogologo nke haft ga-eme ka a tụba anyụike ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ruo ihe dị ka mita 12 (40 ft).   Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ mma ahụ agaghị akụ onye a chọrọ, ịdị arọ nke isi ígwè nwere ike ịkpata mmerụ ahụ.  nwekwara mmetụta uche, na nke ahụ, na ịtụba francisca, onye iro nwere ike ịtụgharị ma gbaa ọsọ n'egwu na volley ọzọ na-abịa.

Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ, n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, na-akọwa Francisca dị ka "ngwá agha ndị isi" nke ndị agha Frank n'oge Clovis. Ihe odide ndị Oman, The Art of War in the Middle Ages. Pages 15-17 na-akọwakwa Francisca dị ka ngwá agha na-eme ihe ike.

 Hụkwa 

 Agha Anglo-Saxon
 Ogwe aka
 Agha
 Mkpu
 Nzappa zap
 Tomahawk

 Ihe odide 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Gamble, James Douglas (2002). Akara nke Agha na Ike. Ụlọ ọrụ Tanro   ISBN 0-9617220-1-5.  Category:Pages with listed invalid ISBNs

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Peeji na-enye ihe ọmụma banyere ịtụ anyụike, nke Norbert C. Maier dere
 Peeji Regia Anglorum na anyụike agha ndị Germany