Telescope mbara igwe

Igwefoto mbara igwe ma ọ bụ oghere na ahụ maka mbara igwe bụ teliskop dị na mbara mbara nke a na eji elele ihe gbasara mbara igwe. N'ịbụ onye Lyman Spitzer tụrụ aro na 1946, teliskop ndị mbụ na arụ ọrụ bụ American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, OAO-2 nke ewepụtara na 1968, na teliskop Soviet Orion 1 ultraviolet n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Salyut 1 na 1971. Igwe teliskop oghere na ezere nzacha na mgbagha (scintillation) nke radieshon electromagnetic nke ha na ahụ, ma na ezere mmetọ ọkụ nke ndị na ahụ maka ala na ezute. E kewara ha ụzọ abụọ: Satellite nke na esepụta mbara igwe dum (nyocha mbara igwe), na Satellite nke na elekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara mbara igwe ahọpụtara ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke mbara igwe na karịa. Igwe teliskop oghere dị iche na satịlaịtị ihe onyonyo ụwa, nke na atụ aka n'ụwa maka onyonyo satịlaịtị, etinyere maka nyocha ihu igwe, nledo, na ụdị nchịkọta ozi ndị ọzọ.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Spitzer, Hubble na XMM nwere akụkụ ha kacha mkpa gosipụtara
Wilhelm Beer na Johann Heinrich Mädler na 1837 tụlere uru nke ụlọ nyocha na ọnwa. N'afọ 1946, ọkà mmụta mbara igwe nke America bụ Lyman Spitzer tụpụtara teliskop na mbara igwe. Atụmatụ Spitzer chọrọ ka e nwee teliskop buru ibu nke ikuku ụwa agaghị egbochi ya. Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị na 1960 na 70s maka usoro dị otú ahụ ka e wuo, ọhụụ Spitzer mechara banye n'ime Telescope Hubble, bụ nke ewepụtara na Eprel 24, 1990, site na Nchọpụta Nchọta Space Shuttle (STS-31).

Igwe teliskop oghere mbụ na arụ ọrụ bụ American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, OAO-2 ewepụtara na 1968, na telescope Soviet Orion 1 ultraviolet n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Salyut 1 na 1971.

 Uru 
Ime nyocha mbara igwe sitere na ihe nleba anya nke ala dị n'ụwa nwere oke site na nzacha na ngbanwe nke radieshon elektrọn (scintillation ma ọ bụ ịcha ọkụ) n'ihi ikuku. Igwe teliskop nke na agba ụwa gburugburu n'èzí ikuku adịghị adabere na ya ma ọ bụ nwee mmetọ nke sitere na isi iyi ọkụ arụrụ arụ n'ụwa. N'ihi nke a, mkpebi angular nke telescopes oghere na adịkarị elu karịa teliskop nke dabeere na ala nwere oghere yiri ya. Ọtụtụ teliskop terrestrial buru ibu, Otú ọ dị, na ebelata mmetụta ikuku site na iji ngwa ngbanwe.
Astronomy dabere na mbara igwe dị mkpa maka ọnụọgụ ugboro nke dị na mpụga windo anya na windo redio, naanị oghere abụọ dị ogologo nke spectrum electromagnetic nke ikuku na adịghị ebelata nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, X-ray astronomy fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na agaghị ekwe omume mgbe emechara ya site na ụwa, ma rutela mkpa ọ dị ugbu a na mbara igwe naanị n'ihi teliskop X-ray na agbagharị dịka Chandra X-ray Observatory na XMM-Newton observatory. A na egbochikwa infrared na ultraviolet nke ukwuu.

 Ọdịmma 
Igwe teliskop oghere dị oke ọnụ iji wuo karịa teliskop ndị dabeere n'ala. N'ihi ebe ha nọ, teliskop oghere na esikwa ike idobe ya. Ụgbọ mmiri na ahụ maka mbara igwe na arụ ọrụ teliskop Hubble, ma a pụghị inye ọtụtụ teliskop ohere ọrụ ma ọlị.

 Ọdịnihu nke ndị na ekiri oghere 

NASA, ISRO, ESA, CNSA, JAXA na mmemme mbara igwe Soviet (Roscosmos nke Russia mechara nweta ya) ewepụtala ma rụọ ọrụ satịlaịtị. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2022, ọtụtụ ndị na ahụ maka mbara igwe emechaala ọrụ ha, ebe ndị ọzọ na aga n'ihu na arụ ọrụ ogologo oge. Agbanyeghị, nnweta teliskop oghere na ihe nleba anya n'ọdịnihu na adabere na oge na ego zuru oke. Ọ bụ ezie na NASA, JAXA na CNSA na eme atụmatụ nleba anya mbara igwe n'ọdịnihu, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ egwu na a ga enwe oghere na mkpuchi na agaghị ekpuchi ozugbo site na ọrụ ndị ga eme n'ọdịnihu na nke a ga emetụta nyocha na sayensị bụ isi. Dị ka ihe atụ, e nwere egwu na a ga enwe ohere dị n’ihe mkpuchi n’etiti Telescope Hubble Space na James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Na 16 Jenụwarị 2023, NASA kwupụtara echiche mbido nke ọtụtụ mmemme teliskop oghere n'ọdịnihu, gụnyere Great Observatory Technology Maturation Programme, Habitable Worlds Observatory, na New Great Observatories.

 Ndepụta oghere teliskop 

 Hụkwa 

 Ntụaka 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Neil English: Space Telescopes – Capturing the Rays of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Springer, Cham 2017,  .

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Media related to Space telescopes at Wikimedia Commons·
 Space telescopes with frequencies, at GSFC. Latest version of image included in article above.