Òtù Na-eme Ka Ọhịa Dịghachi Mma

Midland Reafforesting Association (MRA) bụ òtù gburugburu ebe obibi mbụ na-echegbu onwe ya maka ịkwalite ịkụ osisi (reforestation) n'ala nke ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ gara aga mebiri. Ọrụ dị otú ahụ sitere na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite mmelite ala, imeziwanye gburugburu ebe obibi na ime ka e weghachite ala ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-arụpụta ihe.

Dabere na mba ojii, e hiwere otu ahụ na nzukọ ọha na eze na Birmingham na 12 February 1903. Onye isi oche mbụ nke Association bụ Sir Oliver Lodge - ọkà mmụta sayensị ama ama nke oge ahụ na onye ọsụ ụzọ nke telegraphy ikuku. Ndị nkwado ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin n'ọdịnihu, Earl nke Dudley na Henry Norman. Site n'ịdenye aha dịka otu Friendly Society, Association nwere ike ịnwe ala nke ya. Ọ na-akụkwa n'ala nkeonwe yana kansụl - na-ejikarị osisi ndị a zụlitere na mkpụrụ n'ime ebe nchekwa nke Association.

Enweta ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma dị ịrịba ama n'ịkwalite akuku osisi, ịhazi Arbor Days na n'ịkwalite nghọta sayensị nke iweghachi ala mebiri emebi, MRA n'ikpeazụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwepụta oke ọhịa na Black Country ma merụrụ ahụ na 1925. Ihe nketa ha ka dị - ọ bụghị Opekempe n'ogbo ha kacha ibu, na Walsall, n'ụlọ ọgwụ Moxley nke ebibiri kemgbe, Moorcroft Wood, nke akpọrọ aha nchekwa ihe okike mpaghara, na 1996, yana kwa n'ụdị Black Country Urban Forest, Millennium Project nke mụbara osisi nke ukwuu. kpuchie na Black Country n'etiti 1995 na 2005.

 Nhọrọ Ụdị 
N'ọrụ nnwale ha, MRA chọpụtara ụdị osisi ndị kachasị adaba na ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma na ihu igwe nke ugwu bụ:

 Alnus glutinosa - osisi alder a na-ahụkarị
 Alnus incana - osisi alder na-acha ntụ ntụ
 Populus x euramericana 'serotina''' - ngwakọta ojii poplar
 Salix spp - willows
 Betula pendula - osisi birch ọlaọcha
 Fraxinus excelsior - ntụ
 Acer pseudoplatanus'' - sycamore

 Hụkwa 

 Mgbukpọ osisi
 Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọhịa
 Wildlife Trust maka Birmingham na Black Country

 Ihe odide 

 Webber, J. 'Ịgha mkpụrụ osisi na Black Country: Ọrụ nke Midland Reafforesting Association na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ', Arboricultural Journal, Mpịakọta nke iri atọ na otu, 2008, p45-62.
 Wise, M.J. 'The Midland Reafforesting Association: 1903-1924 and the Reclamation of Derelict Land in the Black Country", Journal of the Institute of Landscape Architects, mbipụta 57, 1962, p13-18.