Asụsụ Dagaare

Dagaare bụ asụsụ nke ndị Dagaaba nke Ghana, Burkina Faso, na Ivory Coast. A kọwawo ya dị ka asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke gụnyere Waale na Birifor. Asụsụ Dagaare dịgasị iche na olumba sitere na asụsụ ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere: Dagbane, Waale, Mabia, Gurene, Mampruli, Kusaal, Buli, Niger-Congo, na ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ na-akpata ihe dị ka nde mmadụ atọ na-asụ Dagaare. N'ime mpaghara niile nke ndị na-asụ Dagaare, olumba na-abịa site na Northern, Central, Western, na Southern na-ezo aka n'asụsụ dị iche iche.  Burkina Faso na-ezo aka Dagaare dị ka Dagara na Birifor nye ụmụ amaala na Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Burkina Faso na-ezo aka na Dagaare dị ka Dagara na Birifor maka ụmụ amaala na Republik nke Côte d'Ivoire. A ka na-akpọ asụsụ obodo niile dị ka Dagaare.  N'ime olumba dị iche iche, ọkọlọtọ maka Dagaare sitere na olumba mpaghara Central.  Southern Dagaare (ma ọ bụ Waale) sikwa n'asụsụ Dagaare ma mara na a na-asụkarị na Wa na Kaleo.

Ethnologue kewara Dagaare n'asụsụ atọ:

 Asụsụ Southern/Central Dagaare, nke a na-asụkarị na Ghana
 Asụsụ Northern Dagara, nke a na-asụkarị na Burkina Faso
 Dagaari Dioula, nke a na-asụkarị na Burkina Faso, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu site na asụsụ Dioula enweghị njikọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

 Otografị 
+Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Dagara (Burkina Faso)Nnukwu mkpụrụedemedeABỌ bụ ndị na-eme ihe ikeCDEƐFGGbHAkwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Anne"MJKKpLAkwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọMNNyụŊŊmOỌ bụPRSTUMkpịsị akaVWEbe ọ bụ naYỌ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-ZObere AkaraabɓcdnaỌ bụfggbhAkwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ ShiaiLee ka ọ dịjkkplAkwụkwọ bụ́mnnyŋŋmoỌ bụ n'afọprstuAkụkọ banyere yavwỌdịdịnaNwa bebiz
A na-egosi ụdaolu site na iji akara ngosi:

 ụda olu dị ala maka ụda olu dị elu: à è ɛ̀ ì Quebec ò ɔ̀ ù ʋ̀;
 ụda olu dị elu maka ụda olu dị ala: á é ɛ́ í Quebec ó ó ɔ́ ú Notí́́́ ;
 na enweghị ụda olu maka ụda dị n'etiti.

A na-egosipụta imi imi site na iji tilde.  Udaume gbadoro ụkwụ n'imi dị elu ma ọ bụ ụda dị ala ka tilde nọ n'okpuru ụda olu.
+Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Dagaare (Ghana)Bureau of Ghana Languages, 1991.Nnukwu mkpụrụedemedeABDEƐFGHMJKLMNOỌ bụPRSTUVWYZObere AkaraabdnaỌ bụfghijklmnoỌ bụ n'afọprstuvwnaz

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 
Mgbochiume na ụdaume na asụsụ Dagaare:

 Mkpụrụedemede 
N'ihuCentralNlaghachiN'akụkụIhe dị nsoN'etiti etitiMepee n'etitiEmeghe

 Mgbochiume 
ỌnụAlveolarPalatalVelarỌnụ na-ekpuchi egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwAUw"><br><br><br>ỌkụPlosive/Affricateenweghị olukwuru okwuIhe na-esiri ikeenweghị olufkwuru okwuvimplosiveỤgbọ imiala dị larịịimplosiveAkụkụala dị larịịimplosiveIhe atụ
Allophones nke /d, ɡ/ gụnyere [r, ɣ~ɡ̆].Akinbo, Samuel, Alexander Angsongna, Avery Ozburn, Murray Schellenberg & Pulleyblank, Douglas (2018). "Velar Tap in Dàgáárè". Annual Conference on African Linguistics (ACAL 49). University of Michigan.

Mgbochiume Dagaare n'ogo n'ozuzu nwere consonants iri abụọ na ise na glides abụọ, aka ọkara consonants ebe ụfọdụ ogbo nwere ike ịdị iche. Dị ka /h/, /l/, na /m/ akụkụ ya na-esote glottal-implosives sitere na Dagaare na Northern dialect (Burkina Faso).

 Asụsụ 

 Ụda 
Dagaare bụ asụsụ ụda olu nwere usoro ụda olu abụọ nwere ụda dị elu. Ụda Dagaare nwere ọrụ abụọ bụ isi, ya bụ ọrụ lexical na ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ. Ọrụ okwu ya na-emetụta ọdịiche dị na okwu okwu, nke mere na ọdịiche dị n'olu ma ọ bụghị n'ụdị morphosyntactic na-akpali okwu dị iche iche. Ọrụ ụtọasụsụ ya bụ maka ikpe nke akara ụda dị iche iche na mpaghara na-ebute usoro ọmụmụ dị iche iche nke okwu ahụ.

 Ọrụ okwu 

 Ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ 

 Usoro klas aha 
+Noun ClassSingular FormNoun StemPlural FormClass I[-Vocal][-bɔ'](+human cl.)pɔ'ɤɔ' ('woman')pɔ'g-pɔ'ɤíbɔ' ('women')Class II[-Vocal][-rí]IIa[-é][-rí]bìé ('child')bì-bíírí ('children')IIb[-ó][-rí]dùó ('pig')dò-dòrí ('pigs')IIc[-í][-rí]síɤí ('hut')síg-síɤrí ('huts')Class III[-í][-Vocal]IIIa[-í][-é]gyìlí ('xylophone')gyìl-gyìlé ('xylophones')IIIb[-í][-ɔ']pɔ'lí ('path')pɔ'-pɔ'lɔ' ('paths')IIIc[-í][-á]váálí ('rubbish')váál-váálá ('rubbish')Class IV[-rʊʊ][-rì]pírʊʊ ('sheep')pí-píírì ('sheep')Class V[-∅][-rí]túú ('forest')tùù-túúrí ('forest')Class VI[-rì][-Vocal]VIa[-rì][-è]bírì ('seed')bí-bíè ('seeds')VIb[-rí][-ó]tóórí ('ear')tóó-tòbó ('ears')VIc[-rí][-á]yàgrí ('cheek')yàg-yàɤá ('cheeks')Class VIINasal+VocalNasal+VocalVIIa[-ní][-mà]gání ('book')gán-gámà ('books')VIIb[-mʊ][-má]táamʊ ('bow')tàn-támá ('bows')VIIc[-ŋé][-ní]bìŋé ('pen')bìŋ-bìnní ('pens')VIId[-ŋó][-ní]bòŋó ('donkey')bòŋ-bònní ('donkeys')VIIe[-∅][-nɛɛ] -count pluralsdɑ̃ɑ̃' ('pito')dɑ̃ɑ̃'-dɑ̃ɑ̃'nɛɛ ('pito')Class VIII[-áá][-í]gbíŋgbíláá ('drying spot')gbígbíl-gbíŋgbíllí ('drying spots')Class IX[-ù](no plural)(derived n.)Dúóù ('climbing')dó-Class X(no singular)[-úŋ]bùùl-búúlúŋ ('porridge')

 Aha nnọchiaha 

 Aha nnọchiaha 
Na Dagaare, nnọchiaha onwe onye anaghị egosi ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị. Maka nnọchiaha isiokwu, enwere ọdịiche n'etiti nnọchiaha onwe onye siri ike na nke na-adịghị ike. Ọzọkwa, enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị mmadụ na nke na-abụghị nke mmadụ maka nnọchiaha mmadụ nke atọ.
+Isiokwu (Aha)Ihe (Acc)Ọdịdị Na-adịghị Ike IkeỌdịdị Kasị Ike(mmadụ)1st SGnMa maamaSG nke Abụọfofoofo3rd SGoonɔo1st PLịihe dị n'imeịPL nke AbụọO kwe na yaNwoke yaO kwe na ya3rd PLbabanaba(ọ bụghị mmadụ)3rd PLaAnaa