Antenor Firmin

A mụrụ Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin dị ka ọgbọ nke atọ nke Haiti nwere onwe ya n'ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ. Firmin gara n'ihu ngwa ngwa n'ọmụmụ ihe ya wee malite ịkụzi ihe mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ndekọ ego na iwu. Ọ chọtara ọrụ mbụ na Haitian Customs Office na dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ maka azụmahịa onwe onye. Ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ụkọchukwu ya iji kụzie Grik, Latin na French.

Ọ nọ nso n'òtù nnwere onwe ma malite akwụkwọ akụkọ "Le Messager du Nord". Ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke General Salomon gburugburu manyere ya ịkwaga Paris ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ. N'oge a, a nabatara ya na Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris ebe ọ malitere ide De L'Egalite des Races Humaines .

Firmin sụrụ ụzọ na njikọta nke agbụrụ na nkà mmụta ihe gbasara anụ ahụ ma nwee ike ịbụ onye izizi gbasara gbasara mmadụ.A matara ọrụ ya ọ bụghị naanị na Haiti kamakwa n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta Afrịka dị ka ọrụ mbụ nke negritude. .  O metụtara Jean Price-Mars, onye guzobere ethnology nke Haiti na na ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ nke America Melville Herskovits.

N'ọrụ ya a ma ama, De l'égalité des races humaines ("Of the Equality of Human Races") nke e bipụtara na 1885, Firmin na-ekwu maka ntọala abụọ nke echiche ndị dị ugbu a banyere ịdị ala ndị isi ojii na mgbalị ịkatọ Gobineau's De l'Inégalité des Races Humaines ("Of The Inequality of Human Roces"). N'otu aka, Firmin na-agbagha echiche nke oke ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ akara isi dị ka ihe atụ nke ọgụgụ isi mmadụ na n'aka nke ọzọ ọ na-ekwughachi ọnụnọ nke ndị isi ojii Africa na Fero Ijipt. .Mgbe ahụ ọ tụlere mkpa mgbanwe mgbanwe nke Haiti nke 1804 na mmezu nke ndị Haiti dị ka Léon Audain na Isaïe Jeanty na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na sayensị na Edmond Paul na sayensị mmekọrịta ọha na eze.  (Ma Audain na Jeanty enwetala ihe nrite n'aka Académie Nationale de Médecine.)[1])

 Banyere ịha nhata agbụrụ mmadụ - bipụtara 1885
 Haiti na France - bipụtara 1891
 Une défense - bipụtara na 1892
 Diplomate et diplomatie - bipụtara na 1898
 Maazị Roosevelt, Onye isi ala nke United States na Republic of Haiti - bipụtara na 1905
 Akwụkwọ ozi nke Saint-Thomas - bipụtara 1910

 The Equality of the Human Races: Positivist Anthropology, Asselin Charles sụgharịrị site na French na mmeghe nke Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban.


 Joseph, Celucien L. Site na Toussaint ruo Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013)
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu Haitian Pioneering Anthropologist: An Intellectual Biography of Anténor Firmin in Bérose - Encyclopédie internationale des histoires de l'anthropologie

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Une Défense na Digital Library of the Caribbean
 Maazị Roosevelt, Onye isi ala nke United States na Republic of Haiti na Digital Library of the Caribbean
 Anténor Firmin na Île en île (n'asụsụ French). E debere ya na  Wayback Machine.
 "Firmin, Anténor (1850-1911) " na BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris, 2018.