Njikọ nke Obere Agwaetiti

Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) bụ nzukọ gọọmentị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke mba ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na obere agwaetiti. E guzobere AOSIS na 1990, n'ihu Nzukọ nke Abụọ nke Ụwa. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke njikọ ahụ bụ iji mee ka olu nke Small Island Developing States (SIDS) sie ike iji dozie okpomọkụ ụwa.

Mba agwaetiti ndị a na-emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetụta ya na oké osimiri, gụnyere ịrị elu nke oke osimiri, mbuze nke osimiri na ntinye mmiri nnu. Ndị otu ahụ so na mba ndị na-adịchaghị arụ ọrụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, ebe ha nyere ihe na-erughị 1% na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa.. UNDP. Retrieved 2020-11-13."Climate change and small islands: more scientific evidence of high risks". Climate Analytics Blog. Retrieved 2020-11-13."Report of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (Art 3)" (PDF). 1994. Retrieved 14 November 2020. Steeti ndị a na-akwado iwu na usoro mba ụwa maka idozi enweghị ikpe ziri ezi nke mmetụta ihu igwe.

 Nhazi 
AOSIS na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwado SIDS site na usoro United Nations (UN).. unu.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-13. Ọ nweghị mmefu ego, odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ, nke nwere onye isi oche na ndị osote oche abụọ.

AOSIS na-ejikwa mmekọrịta, dịka ọmụmaatụ na United Nations Development Programme na European Commission.. Retrieved 2020-11-13.

 Ọrụ 
Ebe ndị isi AOSIS lekwasịrị anya bụ mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na nchekwa oké osimiri.

SIDS so na mba ndị na-adịchaghị arụ ọrụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, ebe ha nyere ihe na-erughị 1% na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa. Ha na-emetụta mmetụta ya karịsịa, na ụfọdụ agwaetiti nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịghọ ndị a na-adịghị ebi ebi n'ihi ịrị elu nke oke osimiri. AOSIS anọgidewo na-ebuli egwu a nke enweghị ebe obibi nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara na mkparịta ụka ihu igwe.

SIDS, nke AOSIS mejupụtara, na-akpata ihe na-erughị 1% nke GDP zuru ụwa ọnụ, ókèala, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, nke pụtara na SIDS n'otu n'otu nwere obere ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mkparịta ụka ihu igwe mba ụwa. Ebumnuche nke AOSIS bụ ime ka olu ndị otu ya dịkwuo elu site na ijikọ steeti ndị na-eche nsogbu yiri ya ihu. Nke a bụ iji mụbaa ikike ha nwere imetụta mkparịta ụka ihu igwe ma mee ka a mara maka nchegbu ya.

 Omume 
AOSIS anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na mmalite ya. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọgbọ egwuregwu zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ịkwalite mmata banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na ịkwado ime ihe iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe. Okike nke njikọ ahụ gosipụtara mmalite nke uto na mmetụta nke SIDS na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihu igwe. N'agbanyeghị ogo ha na obere ibu akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha, mba ndị otu AOSIS adọrọla ibu ha na mkparịta ụka mgbanwe ihu igwe.

AOSIS rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịtọlite United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ma bụrụ onye dị mkpa na mkparịta ụka nke Framework na 1992.Ourbak, Timothee; Magnan, Alexandre (2018). "The Paris Agreement and climate change negotiations: Small Islands, big players". Regional Environmental Change. 18 (8): 2201–2206. doi:10.1007/s10113-017-1247-9. S2CID 158547600 – via SpringerLink. Nkwado ya nyere aka itinye ntinye aka na nnukwu nsogbu na mkpa pụrụ iche nke SIDS na Nkeji edemede 4.8 nke UNFCCC.Grote, Jenny (2010). "The Changing Tides of Small Island States Discourse - A Historical Overview of the Appearance of Small Island States in the International Arena". Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America. 43 (2): 183–186. doi:10.5771/0506-7286-2010-2-164. JSTOR 43239555 – via JSTOR. Otú ọ dị, AOSIS enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na mgbalị ya iji mee ka mba dị iche iche tinye nkwa maka ebumnuche ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke mbelata gas na Framework.

AOSIS gara n'ihu na-akwado maka mkpa pụrụ iche nke SIDS n'oge Nzukọ Ụwa na Rio de Janeiro na 1992 na 'okwu pụrụ iche' nke SIDS ka a ghọtara na Agenda 21, atụmatụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke sitere na Nzukọ ahụ.Chasek, Pamela (12 August 2005). "Margins of Power: Coalition Building and Coalition Maintenance of the South Pacific Island States and the Alliance of Small Island States". Review of European Community and International Environmental Law. 14 (2): 132. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9388.2005.00433.x – via Wiley Online Library. Atụmatụ AOSIS maka ịmepụta 'ego mkpuchi mba ụwa', nke mba ndị mepere emepe kwadoro iji kwụọ ụgwọ SIDS maka mmebi nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara, jụrụ.Shibuya, Eric (Winter 1996–1997). ""Roaring Mice Against the Tide": The Pacific Islands and Agenda Building on Global Warming" (PDF). Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia. 69: 552–554. JSTOR 2761186 – via JSTOR. Na Rio, AOSIS gbasaa ikike ya karịa mgbanwe ihu igwe iji gụnyekwa mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke SIDS. AOSIS kwurịtara maka itinye obere mpaghara mmemme na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke obere agwaetiti na Agenda 21. Agenda 21 abụghị iwu, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu na mmemme ahụ bụ ihe na-edoghị anya iji kwalite ọrụ bara uru.

AOSIS jisiri ike nweta ntinye na Agenda 21 nke oku maka nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na okwu a, nke dugara na Nzukọ Ụwa mbụ maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide nke Obere Agwaetiti, nke emere na Barbados na 1994. AOSIS rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Nzukọ ahụ. Ọ bụ nzukọ mbụ nke UN raara onwe ya nye SIDS. Nzukọ ahụ mere ka a sụgharịa Agenda 21 n'ime mmemme zuru oke, Barbados Programme of Action on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. Nnyocha afọ ise nke Nzukọ Barbados, nke emere na nnọkọ pụrụ iche nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN na 1999, chọpụtara na mbọ SIDS na-agba iji nwee ọganihu na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide enwechaghị oke, ebe nyocha afọ iri nke Nzukọ Barbados, nke weere ụdị nzukọ mba ụwa na Mauritius na 2005, chọpụtara na mmejuputa ya enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.

AOSIS weputara ederede mbụ na mkparịta ụka Kyoto Protocol n'oge 1994. Mba ndị so na AOSIS Fiji na Antigua na Barbuda bụ steeti mbụ kwadoro Kyoto Protocol na 1998.

AOSIS ejirila nzukọ ndị a haziri tupu nzukọ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke UN mee ihe iji mee ka a mara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ọrụ ya. AOSIS ejirila mgbasa ozi mee ihe iji mee ka a mara maka nchegbu ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-eduga na 2009 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) na Copenhagen, ndị otu kansụl nke Maldives, otu steeti AOSIS, nwere nzukọ kansụl n'okpuru mmiri iji mee ka a mara egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta ịdị adị nke Maldive. Ihe omume ahụ dọtara uche mba ụwa.

Na Nzukọ Mgbanwe Ihu igwe nke UN na Berlin na 1995, AOSIS kwadoro n'ụzọ siri ike maka itinye aka na oge na usoro ebumnuche maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ nwetara nkwado nke mba ndị mepere emepe gụnyere China, Brazil, na India. AOSIS akwadowo kemgbe afọ 2008 maka itinye okpomọkụ iji gbochie okpomọkụ ụwa ruo 1.5 °C n'elu ọkwa tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime mba ndị otu AOSIS nọ na Nzukọ ahụ na Copenhagen. Democracy Now! kọrọ na ndị otu si n'àgwàetiti Tuvalu kwụsịrị nnọkọ nke Nzukọ ahụ na 10 Disemba 2009 iji chọọ ka ịrị elu okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụrụ 1.5 °C kama 2 °C. Nkwado a gara n'ihu na-eduga na 2015 UNFCCC na Paris. AOSIS malitere ihe omume mkparịta ụka nke ga-eduga na itinye 1.5 °C ma dị mkpa n'inweta nkwado maka itinye ya site na mba ndị dị n'Afrịka na Eshia na mba LDC. Dị ka onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe ike Mark Lynas si kwuo, itinye 1.5 °C na nkwekọrịta Paris bụ 'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam' n'ihi nkwado nke SIDS na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe.

Na 2013 Warsaw climate change conference, AOSIS kwalitere ka e guzobe usoro mba ụwa na mfu na mmebi nke ihe mebiri emebi nke Supertyphoon Haiyan. Ka ịdị adị nke ọtụtụ mba ndị otu AOSIS nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na mgbanwe ihu igwe, AOSIS etinyela akwụkwọ ikpe n'ihe egwu. Nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ụgwọ nwere ike ibu maka mgbanwe ihu igwe maka AOSIS karịrị ijeri $ 570. AOSIS welitere okwu a ọzọ na 2015 UNFCCC na Paris. AOSIS nyere aka na itinye Nkeji edemede 8 na Nkwekọrịta Paris, nke 'na-amata mkpa ọ dị igbochi, belata na idozi mfu na mmebi' nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara, ọ bụ ezie na isiokwu ahụ 'enyeghị ihe ndabere maka ụgwọ ọ bụla'. Dị ka ọ dị na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe gara aga, ndị otu AOSIS so na ndị mbụ kwadoro nkwekọrịta Paris, na Fiji kwadoro nke mbụ, Republic of Marshall Islands, Palau, Maldives, na ndị ọzọ sochiri ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.

Mba AOSIS so Fiji kwadoro Nzukọ Nzukọ Oké Osimiri UN na 2017. Ndị minista si na mba ndị otu AOSIS, gụnyere Fiji, Tuvalu, na Palau jiri nzukọ a mee ka a mara banyere ezigbo ihe ize ndụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta na ịdị adị nke mba ha na ịkwado maka ime ihe iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe. Fiji duziri 2017 UN Climate Change Conference, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ SIDS mbụ duziri nzukọ UN banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe, ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume ahụ mere na Bonn n'ihi ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Fiji, obere nha na obere akụrụngwa.

 Ndị otu AOSIS 
AOSIS nwere ndị otu nke steeti 39 zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke 37 n'ime ha bụ ndị otu UN ebe 2 (Cook Islands na Niue) na-ekere òkè n'ime UN, na steeti ise ọzọ bụ ndị na-ekiri. Njikọ ahụ na-anọchite anya 28% nke mba ndị na-emepe emepe, na 20% nke ndị otu UN. Ọtụtụ SIDS bụ ndị otu AOSIS.

AOSIS nwere ndị otu dị iche iche. Steeti ndị otu ahụ gbasara n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa. AOSIS lekwasịrị anya na SIDS, agbanyeghị ndị otu ya gụnyekwara mba ndị dị ala n'ụsọ oké osimiri, dịka Belize na Guyana, na agwaetiti ndị buru ibu, dịka Papua New Guinea. Tinyere ọdịiche nke ala, mba ndị mejupụtara ya dịkwa iche iche n'ụzọ akụ na ụba, dịka AOSIS gụnyere mba ndị so na ya bara ọgaranya, dịka Singapore, na mba LDC, dịka Comoros.

Ihe a na-ahụkarị nke na-ejikọta ndị otu AOSIS bụ ihe ha na-adịghị ike maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu na ọdịiche nke AOSIS emeela ka ọ ghara ịdị irè, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara lobbying ya maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

 Mba ndị so na ya 
Mba ndị so na ya bụ:

In the Atlantic Ocean (3 countries): 

In the Caribbean (16 countries):

In the Indian Ocean (4 countries):

In the Pacific Ocean (15 countries):

In the South China Sea (1 country):


AOSIS nwekwara ndị na-ekiri  na-emenụ ise: American Samoa, Guam, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, na United States Virgin Islands.

 Onye isi oche 
E nweela oche 13 nke AOSIS kemgbe e guzobere ya, na onye nnọchi anya Antigua na Barbuda, onye nnọchianya Walton Alfonso Webson, dị ka oche ugbu a.
TermDurationNameCountry11991 – 1994Robert Van Lierop21994 – 1997Annette des Iles31997 – 2002Tuiloma Neroni Slade42002 – 2005Jagdish Koonjul52005 – 2006Enele Sopoaga (acting)62006Julian R. Hunte72006 – 2009Angus Friday82009 – 2011Dessima Williams92012 – 2014Marlene Moses102015 – 2017Ahmed Sareer112017 – 2018Ali Naseer Mohamed122019 – 2020Lois Michele Young132021 – presentWalton Alfonso Webson

 Nsọpụrụ 
N'afọ 2010, e nyere AOSIS onyinye Frederick R. Anderson nke mbụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma pụtara ìhè na-edozi mgbanwe ihu igwe site na Center for International Environmental Law.

 Hụkwa 

 Africa, Caribbean na Pacific (ACP)
 Ihe Omume nke Barbados (BPOA)
 Mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe
 Agwaetiti Mbụ
 Mba Ndị Na-emepebeghị Emepe (LDC)
 Nzukọ Oké Osimiri Ụwa
 ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke okpomọkụ ụwa

 Ihe odide 

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations