Iji mmanụ eme ihe n'ụgbọala

Mmanụ ụgbọala na-emegharị ihe na-agụnye imegharị mmanụ ndị e ji mee ihe na ịmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ site na mmanụ ndị a na-emeghachi omume, ma gụnye imegharị ihe mmanụ moto na mmanụ hydraulic. Iji mmanụ eme ihe na-abara gburugburu ebe obibi uru: ohere dị ukwuu maka ndị na-azụ ahịa iji mee mmanụ eme ihe ọzọ na-ebelata ohere nke mmanụ eji eme ihe na ala na n'ụzọ mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu galọn mmanụ ụgbọala a tụbara n'ụzọ mmiri nwere ike imerụ otu nde galọn mmiri.

 Mmanụ ụgbọala 
Enwere ike ịgba mmanụ moto a rụgharịrị arụgharị dị ka mmanụ, na-emekarị na boilers nke ụlọ ọrụ, igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-ekwo ọkụ dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ simenti. Mgbe a na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala a na-eji eme ihe dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, a ghaghị ịgba ya ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu iji zere mmetọ gas. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịgbanye mmanụ ụgbọala na-efunahụ n'ime mmanụ dizel ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri n'usoro yiri nchacha mmanụ, mana na-enweghị usoro ọgwụgwọ ikpeazụ.  Njirimara mmanụ moto na-anọgide na-adị, ọ bụrụgodị na mmanụ a na-eji eme ihe, a pụkwara imegharị ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

 Mmanụ ụgbọala e ji eme ihe iji mee ka ọ dị ọcha 
Mmanụ e ji mee ihe bụ usoro nke iweghachi mmanụ e ji mee ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọhụrụ site n'iwepụ kemịkal na-adịghị ọcha, ọla dị arọ na unyi. A na-eji mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na nke ụgbọala eme ihe eme ihe na re-refineries. A na-anwale mmanụ a na-eji eme ihe iji chọpụta na ọ dị mma maka ịmegharị ya, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-ekpochapụ ya ma na-edozi mmiri distillate tupu ahapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.  Mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ na-ewepụkwa mmanụ ọkụ fọdụrụnụ nke enwere ike iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ a na-esi mmanụ ọkụ, ma na-ewepụtakwa ethylene glycol maka ojiji ọzọ na antifreeze emegharịrị.

Na-esote, a na-ekewapụta mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ site na mmanụ eji eme ihe mgbe ahụ, ikuku distillation na-ewepụ ihe a na-egbutu (ya bụ, akụkụ dabara adaba maka iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka mmanụ mmanụ mmanụ) na-ahapụ mmanụ dị arọ nke nwere ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ eji eme na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka asphalt extender. IMbelata lube na-esote ọgwụgwọ hydro, ma ọ bụ hydrogenation catalytic iji wepụ polymers fọdụrụnụ na ogige kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ, yana saturate agbụ carbon na hydrogen maka nkwụsi ike ka ukwuu.

Nkewa mmanụ ikpeazụ, ma ọ bụ fractionating, na-ekewa mmanụ n'ime ọkwa mmanụ atọ dị iche iche: Light viscosity lubricants kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa mmanye n'ozuzu, obere viscosity lubricants maka ngwa ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na nnukwu viscosity lubricants maka ngwa ọrụ dị arọ.  A na-akpọ mmanụ a na-emepụta na nzọụkwụ a dị ka mmanụ re-refined base oil (RRBL).

Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ bụ ịgwakọta ihe mgbakwunye n'ime ọkwa atọ a nke ngwaahịa mmanụ iji mepụta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nwere ihe nhicha kwesịrị ekwesị na àgwà mgbochi. Mgbe ahụ, a na-anwale ngwaahịa ọ bụla ọzọ maka ogo na ịdị ọcha tupu a tọhapụ ya maka ire ya n'ihu ọha.

 Mmanụ dị n'ime injin ụgbọ ala... nwere ihe mgbakwunye dịgasị iche iche iji bulie arụmọrụ ụgbọ ala. Ndị a gụnyere polymers, viscosity modifiers, okpomọkụ stabilizers, mmanụ ndị ọzọ, na mgbakwunye na-emebi emebi. REOB nwere ihe mgbakwunye niile dị na mmanụ mkpofu yana ọla na-emebi emebi site na injin (karịsịa ígwè na ọla kọpa). Ihe mgbakwunye ndị a gụnyere zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, nke nwere zinc, sulfur, na phosphorus; calcium phenate, nke nwekwara calcium; na molybdenum disulfide, nke nwere molybdenam na sulfur.Arnold, Terence S. (senior research chemist, Pavement Materials Team, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration; Federal lab manager for the chemistry lab, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center; fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom), "What's in Your Asphalt?," September 2017 (last modified October 25, 2017), Public Roads, FHWA-HRT-17-006.htm,"   Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Corporate Research, Technology, and Innovation Management, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation

Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta asphalt maka ịkwa akwa nwere n'ụzọ doro anya ma ọ bụ na nzuzo na-etinye REOBs n'ime asphalt ha, na-akpata esemokwu na nchegbu n'etiti ndị injinia okporo ụzọ, na ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro na ọ na-ebelata ogologo oge nke okporo ụzọ ahụ.

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 Iji mmanụ akwụkwọ nri eme ihe ọzọ
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