Winona LaDuke

Winona LaDuke (amụrụ n'August 18, 1959) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, onye na-ahụ Maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye edemede na onye na-akụ hemp, nke a maara maka ọrụ ya na nkwupụta ala agbụrụ na nchekwa, yana mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

N'afọ 1996 na 2000, ọ gbara ọsọ maka osote onye isi ala nke United States dị ka onye a họpụtara na Green Party nke United States, na tiketi nke Ralph Nader duziri. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye guzobere (ya na Indigo Girls) nke Honor the Earth, otu Native Environmental Advocacy organization nke keere òkè dị ukwuu na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline.

N'afọ 2016, ọ natara vootu maka osote onye isi ala. N'ime nke a, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Green Party mbụ natara votu ntuli aka.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Winona LaDuke n'afọ ndị mbụ
Winona (nke pụtara "nwa nwanyị mbụ" n'asụsụ Dakota) A mụrụ LaDuke na 1959 na Los Angeles, California, nye Betty Bernstein na Vincent LaDuke (nke e mechara mara dị ka Sun Bear). Nna ya si Ojibwe White Earth Reservation na Minnesota, nne ya si na ndị Juu Europe si Bronx, New York. LaDuke nọrọ oge ụfọdụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Los Angeles, mana a zụlitere ya na Ashland, Oregon. N'ihi ihe nketa nna ya, e debara aha ya na Ojibwe Nation mgbe ọ dị obere, mana ọ biri na White Earth, ma ọ bụ ebe ọ bụla ọzọ, ruo n'afọ 1982. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na White Earth mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, mgbe ọ nwetara ọrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

Mgbe nne na nna ya lụrụ di, Vincent LaDuke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Hollywood na nkwado na ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe Betty LaDuke gụsịrị akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya. Di na nwunye ahụ kewara mgbe Winona dị afọ ise, nne ya wee were ọnọdụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka na Southern Oregon College, ugbu a Southern Oregon University na Ashland, mgbe ahụ obere obodo na-egbutu osisi na kọleji dị nso n'ókè California. N'afọ 1980, Vincent mepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye ndu ime mmụọ nke Oge Ọhụrụ site na aha Sun Bear.

Mgbe ọ na-etolite na Ashland, LaDuke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ma nọrọ na otu arụmụka na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ gara Mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ sonyeere otu ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1982 na Bachelor of Arts na akụ na ụba (mmepe akụ na ụba ime obodo). Mgbe ọ kwagara White Earth, ọ maghị asụsụ Ojibwe, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, a nabataghịkwa ya ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Minnesota, ọ mechara nyocha maka thesis nke masta ya na akụ na ụba nke ebe nchekwa ahụ wee tinye aka na nsogbu mpaghara. Ọ gụsịrị M.A. na Community Economic Development site na mmemme mmụta dị anya nke Mahadum Antioch.

 Ọrụ na ime ihe ike 
Mgbe ọ na-aga Harvard, LaDuke nụrụ ihe ngosi nke Jimmie Durham kwuru na ọ "na-eme ihe na-enweghị isi" n'ime ya wee gbanwee ndụ ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Durham, na-enyocha mmetụta nke igwupụta uranium na mpaghara Navajo. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara n'obodo nna ya na White Earth, ebe ọ chọtara ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'afọ 1985, o nyere aka chọta Indigenous Women's Network. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Women of All Red Nations iji kpọsaa American manyere ụmụ nwanyị American amị.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ banyere n'ọgụ iji weghachite ala maka Anishinaabe. Nkwekọrịta 1867 na United States nyere ókèala nke ihe karịrị 860,000 acres maka White Earth Indian Reservation. N'okpuru Iwu Nelson nke 1889, mgbalị iji mee ka ndị Anishinaabe bụrụ ndị a na-ejikọta site n'ịnakwere ihe nlereanya Europe na America nke ọrụ ugbo, e kenyere ala agbụrụ obodo n'ezinụlọ ọ bụla. US kewara ala ọ bụla karịrị akarị dị ka ihe karịrị akarị, na-enye ohere ka a ree ya ndị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị Anishinaabe rere ala ha n'otu n'otu kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ; ihe ndị a mere ka agbụrụ ahụ ghara ịchịkwa ọtụtụ ala ya. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, agbụrụ ahụ nwere naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ala na mpaghara ya.

N'afọ 1989, LaDuke guzobere White Earth Land Recovery Project (WELRP) na Minnesota site na ego nke onyinye ikike mmadụ sitere na Reebok. Ebumnuche bụ ịzụta ala n'ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo zụrụ na ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-enye Anishinaabe ọrụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, ntọala ahụ zụtara 1,200 acres, nke o jidere na ntụkwasị obi nchekwa maka ịnyefe agbụrụ ahụ.

WELRP na-arụkwa ọrụ iji weghachite ọhịa n'ala ahụ ma mee ka ịkọ osikapa ọhịa, nke bụ nri ọdịnala. Ọ na-ere nke ahụ na ngwaahịa ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, gụnyere hominy, jam, buffalo sausage, na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. Ọ malitere usoro asụsụ Ojibwe, ìgwè anụ ọhịa buffalo, na ọrụ ike ifufe.

LaDuke bụkwa onye isi nchịkwa nke Honor the Earth, otu nzukọ ya na ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo folk-rock duo Indigo Girls guzobere na 1993. Ọrụ nzukọ ahụ bụ:iji mepụta mmata na nkwado maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ụmụ amaala na ịzụlite ego na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa maka ịdị ndụ nke obodo ụmụ amaala. Honor the Earth na-emepe ihe onwunwe ndị a site na iji egwu, nka, mgbasa ozi, na amamihe ụmụ amaala ịrịọ ndị mmadụ ka ha mata na anyị na-adabere n'ụwa ma bụrụ olu maka ndị a na-anụbeghị.Klas Evergreen State College nke afọ 2014 họọrọ LaDuke ka ọ bụrụ onye isi okwu. O kwuru okwu ya mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na June 13, 2014.

N'afọ 2016, LaDuke sonyere na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline, na-ekere òkè n'ogige ndị na-eguzogide ya na North Dakota ma na-agwa ndị mgbasa ozi okwu banyere okwu ahụ.

Na July 2019 National Audubon Convention na Milwaukee, LaDuke nyere isi okwu na mmelite na mbọ iji kwụsị paịpụ Sandpiper, paịpụ ndị ọzọ, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị nso na mmiri Ojibwe na site na Leech Lake Reservation. Ọ gbara onye ọ bụla ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-echebe mmiri ma kwado ikike ha.Archived at Ghostarchive and the : 

N'afọ 2020 na 2021, ọ bụ onye ndú nke ngagharị iwe megide paịpụ Line 3.

 Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị 
N'afọ 1996 na 2000, LaDuke gbara ọsọ dị ka osote onye isi ala na Ralph Nader na tiketi Green Party. Ọ kwadoghị site na kansụl agbụrụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ gọọmentị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ. LaDuke kwadoro tiketi Democratic Party maka onye isi ala na osote onye isi ala n'afọ 2004, 2008, na 2012.Archived at Ghostarchive and the : 

N'afọ 2016, Robert Satiacum, Jr., onye na-enweghị okwukwe si Washington, tụbara vootu onye isi ala ya maka onye na-eme ihe ike nke Native American Faith Spotted Eagle na vootu osote onye isi ala maka LaDuke, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Green Party mbụ na nwanyị American mbụ natara vootu Electoral College maka osote onyeisiala.

 Ọrụ Nweghachi Ala White 

WELRP arụwo ọrụ iji mee ka ịkọ ugbo na owuwe ihe ubi nke osikapa ọhịa, nri ọdịnala Ojibwe. Ọ na-emepụta ma na-ere nri ọdịnala na ọrụ aka site na akara ya, Native Harvest.

 Nsọpụrụ Ụwa 
Honor the Earth bụ otu nkwado mba na-agba ume nkwado ọha na eze na ego maka ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mba na mba ụwa na nsogbu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, usoro nri na ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị otu Honor the Earth na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ngagharị iwe Dakota Access Pipeline.

Na Machị 30, 2023, Ụlọikpe Mpaghara Becker County, Minnesota nyere iwu ka Honor the Earth na LaDuke kwụọ onye ọrụ mbụ $ 750,000 maka mmebi na mkpesa mmekọahụ na mmegbu, dabere na omume sitere na 2015. LaDuke gbara arụkwaghịm n'òtù ahụ n'April 5, 2023, na-ekweta na ọ nweghị ike ichebe ndị a na-enye nsogbu mmekọahụ.Bowe, Nathan. Honor the Earth ordered to pay $750,000 in civil suit, Forum Communications Company: Detroit Lakes Tribune, April 3, 2023.

 Mgbalị Hemp 
LaDuke na-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo hemp dị hekta iri anọ na isii na White Earth Indian Reservation, na-akụ ụdị hemp sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ụwa, akwụkwọ nri na ụtaba. O kwuru na ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'ọrụ ugbo hemp mgbe a gbara ya ume ka ọ nyochaa omume ahụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma na-akwado ikike ya iji mee ka akụ na ụba America pụọ na mmanụ ala. LaDuke akwalitewo uto nke wii wii na hemp ụlọ ọrụ na ala agbụrụ ụmụ amaala maka uru ego na mpaghara nke akụ na ụba. Enwere ike iwere ọnọdụ ya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu n'ihi ahụmịhe nke ebe ndị ọzọ, dị ka Oglala Sioux Tribe, bụ ndị DEA wakporo n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo hemp.

 Alụmdi na nwunye 
N'afọ 1988, LaDuke lụrụ Cree Randy Kapashesit nke Moose Factory, Ontario, Canada. Ha kewara na 1992.

 Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ 


 Akwụkwọ 

 Last Standing Woman (1997), akwụkwọ akụkọ.
 All our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life (1999), banyere mbọ a na-agba iji weghachite ala agbụrụ maka nwe ya
 Recovering the Sacred: the Power of Naming and Claiming (2005), akwụkwọ banyere nkwenkwe na omume ọdịnala.
 Agha nke Mba India (2013)
 Osisi shuga (1999)
 The Winona LaDuke Reader: A Collection of Essential Writings (2002)
 Mmekọrịta Anyị Nile: Mgbalị Ụmụ Amaala Maka Ala na Ndụ (2016)
 Ịbụ Onye Na-echebe Mmiri: Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Ndị Ogbugbu Wiindigoo (2020)

 Dị ka onye edemede 

 Mmeri: Ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke ndị India America
 Mgbọrọgwụ: Ntuziaka Ọhịa Maka Ọrụ Ụmụ nwanyị
 Mba Ụmụnne nwanyị: Ụmụ nwanyị America na-ede akwụkwọ na Community
 Mgbalị Maka Ala: Native North American Resistance to Genocide, Ecocide, and Colonization
 Ịkwụsị Ahụike Ụlọ Ọrụ
 Ojibwe Waasa Inaabidaa: Anyị Na-ele N'akụkụ niile
 Echiche Ọhụrụ Banyere Ikpe Ziri Ezi Gburugburu Ebe Obibi: Mmekọahụ, Mmekọala, na Mgbalị
 Mee Ụzọ Mara Mma: Amamihe nke Ụmụ nwanyị America
 Otu esi ekwu na m hụrụ gị n'anya n'asụsụ Indian
 Ụwa Na-ezute Mmụọ: Njem Foto Site na Ala Dị Nsọ
 Otter Tail Review: Akụkọ, edemede na uri sitere na Minnesota's Heartland
 Ụmụ nwanyị nke Nne Ụwa: Amamihe nke Ụmụ nwanyị America

E bipụtara edemede ya na edemede ya n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba na nke mba ụwa.

 Ihe nkiri 
Egwuregwu telivishọn na ihe nkiri:

 Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Anthem nke afọ 1997, nke Shainee Gabel na Kristin Hahn duziri.
 Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri akụkọ Canada nke afọ 1990 bụ Uranium, nke Magnus Isacsson duziri.
 Ọ pụtara na ihe ngosi TV The Main Stream .
 Ọ pụtara na The Colbert Report na June 12, 2008.
 E gosipụtara ya na 2017 zuru oke akwụkwọ akụkọ First Daughter and the Black Snake, nke Keri Pickett duziri. Ihe ndekọ LaDuke megide Enbridge nke Canada na-eme atụmatụ ịhazi pipeline gafere ala e nyere agbụrụ ya na Nkwekọrịta 1855.

 Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ 

 Ihe odide 

 Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 Andrews, Max (Ed.), Land, Art: A Cultural Ecology Handbook. London, Royal Society of Arts, 2006,  . Ajụjụ ọnụ na Winona LaDuke

 Njikọ mpụga 


 Honor the Earth, Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
 Appearances on C-SPAN
 Winona LaDuke na nativeharvest.com
 Winona LaDuke, Voices from the Gap, Mahadum Minnesota

 Okwu nnabata nke VP, 1996 Green Party Convention
 "Nader's No. 2" na Salon.com (July 13, 2000)
 Ajụjụ ọnụ Winona LaDuke na Majora Carter nke The Promised Land radio show (2000)

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations