Ifufe ugwu

Ifufe ugwu, ifufe oghéré ma ọ bụ oghéré na-agafe bụ ifufe dị n'ógbè na-efe site na oghéré dị n'etiti ugwu.

Ifufe oghéré bụ ifufe dị ala ma nwee ike ijikọta ya na ifufe siri ike nke ọkpọ iri abụọ ruo iri anọ na mgbe ụfọdụ na-agafe ọkpọ iri ise.  Ifufe na-adịkarị ike na nso nke ụzọ ọpụpụ.

Ihe atụ na-agụnye ifufe na-efe n'elu mmiri na-agafe Strait of Gibraltar nke a na-akpọ Levanter otu n'ime ifufe kachasị ike na mpaghara a. Ifufe yiri nké a na-eme na oghere ndị ọzọ dị n'ugwu, dị ka tehuantepecer na jochwinde, na ogologo ọwa, dị ka Strait of Juan de Fuca n'etiti Ugwu Olympic nkè Washington na Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Hinlopen Strait dị nso na Spitsbergen. Na Columbia River Gorge na ókèala Washington na Oregon, oké ikuku dị elu emeela ka etinye ugbo ikuku, na nnukwu ikuku na-efe n'osimiri Columbia.

Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ ifufe Koshava na Serbia nké na-efe n'akụkụ Osimiri Danube. Ugwu ndịda Carpathian na Ugwu Balkan na-ebugharị mmiri na-abanye n'ime ọdọ mmiri Danube na Romania na ụgbọ elu na-apụ na Iron Gates a maara dị ka ifufe Koshava. Isi njirimara nké ifufe Koshava bụ ọsọ ifufe ya dị elu, ntụziaka ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, nnọgidesi ike, na ụfụfụ.

N'ozuzu, ifufe na-efe n'okporo ụzọ na-emetụta ihu igwe mpaghara (n'ebe ndịda France), yana ahịhịa. Ha bụkwa ndị na-ebute ọkụ ọkụ na mpaghara ndị ahụ metụtara. Mmiri na-esi na ya apụta nwere ike iru ihe karịrị otu narị kilomita kwa elekere  ma kpatara mmebi ihe onwunwe.

 Hụkwa 

 Ọdịiche ikuku (ihe gbasara ala)
 Ụgbọelu na-apụ na ndagwurugwu

 Edensibia 

 Bendall, A. A., 1982: Mmiri dị ala site na Strait of Gibraltar. The Meteorological Magazine, Mpịakọta nke 111, peeji nke 14910153
 Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, 2000: Nleba anya dị elu na Nkọwa ọnụọgụ nke Easterly Gap Flow site na Strait nke Juan de Fuca na 910 Disemba 1995. Monthly Weather Review: Mpịakọta 128, peeji nke 2398á2422.
 Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, 1998: Oké ifufe n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ugwu Washington Cascade. Akụkụ nke I: Nnyocha Nnyocha na Nkọwapụta dị elu nke 12 Febụwarị 1995. Monthly Weather Review: Mpịakọta nke 126, peeji nke 28X52.
 Overland, J. E., na B. A. Walter, 1981: Gap winds in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Monthly Weather Review: Mpịakọta 109, peeji nke 2221 2233.
 Scorer, R.S., 1952: Ifufe ugwu; ọmụmụ nke ifufe elu na Gibraltar. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society: Mpịakọta nke 78, peeji nke 53
 Sharp, J. na C. F. Mass, 2002: Columbia Gorge Gap Flow: Insights from Observational Analysis and Ultra-High Resolution Simulation. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Mpịakọta nke 83, peeji nke 17571762.
 Steenburgh, W. J., D. M. Schultz, B. A. Colle, 1998: Ọdịdị na Ọganihu nke Gap Outflow n'elu Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Monthly Weather Review: Mpịakọta 126, peeji nke 2673.2691.