100 ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-eyi egwu n'ụwa

World's 100 Most Threatened species bụ nchịkọta nke anụmanụ, osisi, na fungi kacha yie egwu n'ụwa. Ọ bụ nsonaazụ nke mmekorita n'etiti ihe karịrị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 8,000 sitere na International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC), tinyere Zoological Society nke London. Zoological Society nke London bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na 2012 dị ka akwụkwọ, Priceless or Worthless?

Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị niile dị na ndepụta ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị họọrọ ha nwere ụkpụrụ ọzọ: ụdị niile enweghị uru doro anya maka ụmụ mmadụ ya mere ụmụ mmadụ enweghị ọdịmma ha na-anwa ịzọpụta ha. Ụdị ihe ngosi na nke na-adọrọ mmasị, dị ka agụ na pandas - tinyere ụdị dị mkpa na akụ na ụba - nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-agbachitere, ebe ụdị ndị a "na-abaghị uru" enweghị nke ọ bụla. Aha akụkọ ahụ, "Ọ dịghị ọnụ ahịa ma ọ bụ na-abaghị uru?", dabeere na àgwà nke ụdị ahụ. Onye so dee akụkọ ahụ, Ellen Butcher, kwuru otu n'ime ụkpụrụ nduzi nke ndepụta ahụ, "Ọ bụrụ na anyị mee ihe ozugbo anyị nwere ike inye ha ohere ịlụ ọgụ maka ndụ. Mana nke a chọrọ ka ọha mmadụ kwado ọnọdụ omume na omume ọma nke ụdị niile nwere ikike ebumpụta ụwa ịdị adị.Kew Magazine stated that, "A strong and consistent moral and ethical stance needs to be taken, they (the authors of The List) argue, that all species have a right to exist." 

E wepụtara akụkọ ahụ na Jeju, South Korea, na Septemba 11, 2012, na nzukọ anọ nke IUCN, World Conservation Congress. Na Congress, a kọrọ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụkarị ka ha ga-akwado ego maka ichebe ụdị site n'igosi ihe uru mmadụ ga-abụ. Jonathan Baillie, nke Zoological Society nke London na onye so dee akụkọ ahụ, kwuru na, "Ndị na-enye onyinye na ndị na-echekwa ihe na-adabere na 'gịnị ka okike nwere ike ime anyị?' ụzọ, ebe a na-eji ụdị na ebe obibi ọhịa akpọrọ ihe ma na-ebute ụzọ dịka ọrụ ndị a ha nyere ndị mmadụ. Nke a emeela ka o sie ike maka ndị na-echekwa ihe iji chebe ụdị ndị kachasị egwu na mbara ala. "Harvey, Fiona (10 September 2012). "The expendables? World's 100 most endangered species listed". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 September 2012.

Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị a na-eyi egwu bụ naanị mmadụ ole na ole dị ndụ. Ezì guinea nke Santa Catarina, nke a mụrụ n'otu agwaetiti dị na Brazil, gbadatara na mmadụ 40-60 ikpeazụ ya, belatara site na ịchụ nta na nsogbu ebe obibi. Nnukwu anụ ọhịa India na-eyi egwu site na mmebi ebe obibi nke sitere na ọrụ ugbo na mmepe mmadụ, ma gbadaa na mmadụ 50-249 ikpeazụ. Elaeocarpus bojeri, osisi na-agbasa okooko osisi nke a na-ahụ naanị n'àgwàetiti Mauritius, nwere ihe na-erughị mmadụ 10 dị ndụ, n'ihi ọnwụ nke ebe obibi. Baishan fir (Abies beshanzuensis), nke a mụrụ na China, ruru mmadụ ise tozuru etozu. "Ọ bụ ọnụ ala na-abaghị uru?" na-akọwa egwu nke ụdị ọ bụla na-eche ihu, yana usoro ga-enyere ha aka ịdị ndụ.

 Ndepụta ụdị 
+The world's 100 most threatened speciesSpeciesCommon nameTypeImageLocation(s)Estimated populationThreatsAbies beshanzuensisBaishan firPlant (Tree)frameless|120x120pxBaishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, ChinaFive mature individuals agriculture
 fireActinote zikaniInsect (butterfly)Near São Paulo, Atlantic forest, BrazilUnknown habitat loss from human expansionAipysurus foliosquamaLeaf scaled sea-snakeReptileframeless|124x124pxAshmore Reef and Hibernia Reef, Timor SeaUnknown unknown—probably degradation of coral reef habitatAmanipodagrion gilliesiAmani flatwingInsect (damselfly)Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tanzania< 500 individuals population pressure and water pollutionAnisolabis seychellensisInsectMorne Blanc, Mahé island, SeychellesUnknown invasive species
 climate changeAntilophia bokermanniAraripe manakinBird100x100pxChapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil779 individuals recreational facilities
 water diversionAphanius transgrediensAci Göl toothcarpFishsouth-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkeyfew hundred pairs competition and predation by Gambusia
 road constructionAproteles bulmeraeBulmer's fruit batMammalLuplupwintern Cave, Western Province, Papua New Guinea150 hunting
 cave disturbanceArdea insignisWhite bellied heronBird100x100pxBhutan, North East India and Myanmar70–400 individuals hydropower developmentArdeotis nigricepsGreat Indian bustardBird129x129pxRajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya, India50–249 mature individuals agricultural development
 energy transmission linesAstrochelys yniphoraPloughshare tortoiseReptile100x100pxBaly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar440–770 illegal collection for international pet tradeAtelopus baliosRio Pescado stubfoot toadAmphibianAzuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western EcuadorUnknown Chytridiomycosis
 logging
 agricultural expansionAythya innotataMadagascar pochardBird100x100pxvolcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascar80 mature individuals agriculture
 hunting and fishing
 introduced fishAzurina eupalamaGalapagos damsel fishFish100x100pxUnknownUnknown climate change
 oceanographic changes related to the 1982/1983 El NinoBahaba taipingensisGiant yellow croakerFishChinese coast from Yangtze River, China to Hong KongUnknown over-fishing due to value of swim-bladder in traditional medicineBatagur baskaCommon batagurReptile (turtle)126x126pxBangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and MalaysiaUnknown illegal export ChinaBazzania bhutanicaPlantBudini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutan2 sub-populations forest clearance
 overgrazing
 developmentBeatragus hunteriHirolaMammal (antelope)198x198pxSouth-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia< 1,000 individuals habitat loss
 competition with livestock
 poachingBombus frankliniFranklin's bumblebeeInsect (bee)Oregon and CaliforniaUnknown disease from commercial bumblebees
 habitat destruction and degradationBrachyteles hypoxanthusNorthern muriquiWoolly spider monkeyMammal (primate)100x100pxAtlantic forest, south-eastern Brazil< 1,000 large-scale deforestation and loggingBradypus pygmaeusPygmy three-toed slothMammalIsla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama< 500 illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction
 huntingCallitriche pulchraPlant (freshwater)pool on Gavdos, GreeceUnknown habitat exploitation by livestock
 modification of the pool by localsCalumma tarzanTarzan's chameleonReptileAnosibe An'Ala region, eastern Madagascar< 100 agricultureCavia intermediaSanta Catarina's guinea pigMammal (rodent)Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil40–60 habitat disturbance
 possible hunting
 result of having such a small populationCercopithecus rolowayRoloway guenonMammal (primate)100x100pxCôte d'IvoireUnknown hunting
 habitat lossColeura seychellensisSeychelles sheath-tailed batMammal (bat)Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles< 100 habitat degradation
 predation by invasive speciesCryptomyces maximusWillow blisterFungiPembrokeshire, United KingdomUnknown limited habitatCryptotis nelsoniNelson's small-eared shrewMammal (shrew)Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, MexicoUnknown logging
 cattle grazing
 fire
 agricultureCyclura colleiJamaican iguanaJamaican rock iguanaReptile100x100pxHellshire Hills, JamaicaUnknown habitat destruction
 predation by introduced speciesDaubentonia MadagascariensisAye-ayeMammal (primate)100x100pxDeciduous forest, East MadagascarUnknown poaching
 limited habitatDendrophylax fawcettiiCayman Islands ghost orchidPlant (orchid)Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand CaymanUnknown infrastructure developmentDicerorhinus sumatrensisSumatran rhinoMammal (rhino)100x100pxSabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia< 100 hunting (horn is used in traditional medicine)Diomedea amsterdamensisAmsterdam albatrossBird100x100pxBreeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean.100 mature individuals disease
 incidental by-catch in long-line fishingDioscorea strydomianaWild yamPlantOshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa200 collection for medicinal useDiospyros katendeiPlant (tree)Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Uganda20 individuals in a single population agricultural activity
 illegal tree felling
 alluvial gold digging
 small populationDipterocarpus lamellatusPlant (tree)Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia12 individuals logging of lowland forest
 creation of industrial plantationsDiscoglossus nigriventerHula painted frogAmphibian100x100pxHula Valley, IsraelUnknown predation by birds
 range restriction due to habitat destructionDombeya mauritianaPlantMauritiusUnknown encroachment by invasive plant species
 habitat loss due to cannabis cultivationElaeocarpus bojeriBois DentellePlant (tree)Grand Bassin, Mauritius< 10 individuals habitat degradationEleutherodactylus glanduliferLa Hotte glanded frogAmphibianMassif de la Hotte, HaitiUnknown charcoal production
 slash-and-burn agricultureEleutherodactylus thorecetesMacaya breast-spot frogAmphibianFormon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, HaitiUnknown charcoal production
 slash-and-burn agricultureEriosyce chilensisChilenito (cactus)PlantPta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile< 500 individuals collection of flowering plantsErythrina schliebeniiCoral treePlantNamatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania< 50 individuals limited habitat and small population size increase vulnerabilityEuphorbia tanaensisPlant (tree)Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya4 mature individuals illegal logging
 agricultural expansion
 infrastructure developmentEurynorhyncus pygmeusSpoon-billed sandpiperBird100x100pxBreeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway to wintering grounds in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar100 breeding pairs trapping
 land reclamationFicus katendeiPlantKasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda< 50 mature individuals agriculture
 illegal tree felling
 alluvial gold diggingGeronticus eremitaNorthern bald ibisBird146x146pxBreeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in
central Ethiopia.about 3000 individuals habitat degradation and destruction
 huntingGigasiphon macrosiphonPlant (flower)Kaya Muhaka, Gongoni and Mrima Forest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania33 timber extraction
 agriculture encroachment and development
 predation by wild pigsGocea ohridanaMolluscLake Ohrid, MacedoniaUnknown increasing pollution levels
 off-take of water
 sedimentation eventsHeleophryne roseiTable mountain ghost frogAmphibianTable Mountain, Western Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown invasive plants
 water abstractionHemicycla paetelianaMollusc (land snail)Jandia peninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary IslandsUnknown overgrazing
 trampling by goats and touristsHeteromirafa sidamoensisLiben larkBirdLiben Plains, southern Ethiopia90–256 agricultural expansion
 overgrazing
 fire suppressionHibiscadelphus woodiiPlant (tree)Kalalau Valley, HawaiiUnknown habitat degradation due to feral ungulates
 competition with invasive plant speciesHucho perryiSakhalin taimenFish100x100pxRussian and Japanese rivers, Pacific Ocean between Russia and JapanUnknown overfishing
 damming
 agriculture
 other land useJohora singaporensisSingapore freshwater crabCrustaceanBukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, SingaporeUnknown habitat degradation due to reduction in water quality and quantityLathyrus belinensisBelin vetchlingPlantOutskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey< 1,000 urbanisation
 over-grazing
 conifer planting
 road wideningLeiopelma archeyiArchey's frogAmphibian100x100pxCoromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New ZealandUnknown Chytridiomycosis
 predation by invasive speciesLithobates sevosusDusky gopher frogAmphibianHarrison County, Mississippi, USA60–100 fungal disease
 climate change
 land-use changesLophura edwardsiEdwards's pheasantBird100x100pxQuang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet NamUnknown habitat loss
 huntingMagnolia wolfiiPlant (tree)Risaralda, Colombia3 isolation of species
 low regeneration ratesMargaritifera marocanaMolluscOued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco< 250 pollution
 developmentMoominia williiMollusc (snail)Silhouette Island, Seychelles< 500 invasive species
 climate changeNatalus primusCuban greater funnel eared batMammal (bat)Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba< 100 habitat loss
 human disturbanceNepenthes attenboroughiiAttenborough's pitcher plantPlant150x150pxMount Victoria, Palawan, PhilippinesUnknown poachingNomascus hainanusHainan black crested gibbonMammal (primate)137x137pxHainan Island, China20 huntingNeurergus kaiseriLuristan newtAmphibianZagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran< 1,000 illegal collection for pet tradeOreocnemis phoenixMulanje red damselInsect (damselfly)Mulanje Plateau, MalawiUnknown habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage
 agricultural expansion
 exploitation of forestPangasius sanitwongseiPangasid catfishFish100x100pxChao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet NamUnknown overfishing
 collection for aquarium tradeParides burchellanusInsect (butterfly)Cerrado, Brazil< 100 human expansion
 limited rangePhocoena sinusVaquitaMammal (porpoise)100x100pxNorthern Gulf of California, Mexico12 capture in fishermen's gillnetsPicea neoveitchiiType of spruce treePlant (tree)Qinling Range, ChinaUnknown destruction of forestPinus squamataQiaojia pinePlant (tree)Qiaojia, Yunnan, China< 25 limited distribution
 small population sizePoecilotheria metallicaGooty tarantulaMetallic tarantulaPeacock tarantulaSalepurguSpider133x133pxNandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaUnknown deforestation
 firewood collection
 civil unrestPomarea whitneyiFatuhiva monarchBirdFatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia50 predation by introduced species - Rattus rattus and feral catsPristis pristisCommon sawfishFish133x133pxCoastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern AustraliaUnknown exploitation has removed the species from 95 per cent of its historical rangeHapalemur simusGreater bamboo lemurMammal (primate)134x134pxSoutheastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar500 agriculture
 mining
 illegal loggingPropithecus candidusSilky sifakaMammal (primate)150x150pxMaroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar100–1,000 hunting
 habitat disturbancePsammobates geometricusGeometric tortoiseReptile150x150pxWestern Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown loss of habitat destruction
 predationPseudoryx nghetinhensisSaolaMammal100x100pxAnnamite mountains, on the Viet Nam - PDR Laos borderUnknown habitat destruction
 huntingPsiadia cataractaePlantMauritiusUnknown development project
 competition from invasive plant speciesPsorodonotus ebneriBeydaglari bush-cricketInsectBeydaglari range, Antalaya, TurkeyUnknown climate change
 habitat lossRafetus swinhoeiRed River giant softshell turtleReptile100x100pxHoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China3 hunting for consumption
 wetland destruction
 pollutionRhinoceros sondaicusJavan rhinoMammal (rhino)100x100pxUjung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia< 100 hunting for traditional medicine
 small population sizeRhinopithecus avunculusTonkin snub-nosed monkeyMammal (primate)Northeastern Vietnam< 200 habitat loss
 huntingRhizanthella gardneriWest Australian underground orchidPlant (orchid)126x126pxWestern Australia, Australia< 100 land clearance for agriculture
 climate change
 salinisationRhynchocyon spp.Boni giant sengiMammal (shrew)100x100pxBoni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, KenyaUnknown development causing habitat lossRisiocnemis seidenschwarziCebu frill-wingInsect (damselfly)Rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, PhilippinesUnknown habitat degradation and destructionRosa arabicaPlantSt Katherine Mountains, EgyptUnknown, 10 sub-populations domestic animal grazing
 climate change and drought
 medicinal plant collecting
 limited rangeSalanoia durrelliDurrell's vontsiraMammal (mongoose)140x140pxMarshes of Lake Alaotra, MadagascarUnknown loss of habitatSantamartamys rufodorsalisRed crested tree ratMammal (rodent)Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, ColombiaUnknown urban development
 coffee cultivationScaturiginichthys vermeilipinnisRed-finned blue-eyeFishEdgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia2,000–4,000 predation by introduced speciesSquatina squatinaAngel sharkFish100x100pxCanary IslandsUnknown benthic trawlingSterna bernsteiniChinese crested ternBirdBreeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China. Outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand.< 50 habitat destruction
 egg collectionSyngnathus watermeyeriEstuarine pipefishFishKariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South AfricaUnknown dam construction is altering river flows
 flood events into estuariesTahina spectabilisSuicide palm  DimakaPlant131x131pxAnalalava district, north-western Madagascar90 fires
 logging
 agricultural developmentsTelmatobufo bullockiBullock's false toadAmphibian (frog)100x100pxNahuelbuta, Arauco Province, ChileUnknown construction of hydro-electricityTokudaia muenninkiOkinawa spiny ratMammal (rodent)Okinawa Island, JapanUnknown habitat loss
 predation by feral catsTrigonostigma somphongsiSomphongs's rasboraFish100x100pxMae Khlong basin, ThailandUnknown farmland conversion and urbanizationValencia letourneuxiFishSouthern Albania and Western GreeceUnknown habitat destruction
 water abstraction
 aggressive interaction with GambusiaVoanioala gerardiiForest coconutPlantMasoala peninsula, Madagascar< 10 deforestation
 harvesting for consumption of palm heartZaglossus attenboroughiAttenborough's echidnaMammalCyclops Mountains, Papua Province, IndonesiaUnknown habitat modification and degradation
 logging
 agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people

 Hụkwa 


 25 Primates Kasị Egwu n'Ụwa
 Ndepụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ

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 Kọmịshọna ịlanarị IUCN Species