Willemijn Posthumus-van der Goot

Willemijn Posthumus-van der Goot (2 Mee 1897 16 Jenụwarị 1989) bụ onye Dutch na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, onye na-ahụ Maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agbasa ozi redio. Dị ka nwanyị mbụ nwetara nzere doctorate na akụ na ụba na Netherlands, ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na akụ na ndụ. N'ịghọta na e nwere isi mmalite ole na ole, ya na ndị ọzọ na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere iji mepụta International Archives for the Women's Movement na 1935. Ide akụkọ banyere ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọ juru nkwupụta gọọmentị na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na-ezi enweghị uru. Nke mbụ a tụrụ aro na 1939, e guzobere Kansụl Ezinụlọ, nke ọ hụrụ dị ka nzukọ iji kwalite ọzụzụ na ị hazi ndị ọrụ ụlọ na 1950. O guzobere International Association of Women in Radio, dị ka nzukọ maka mmepe ọkachamara na netwọkụ na 1949. Dị ka onye na-eme udo, ọ na-etinye aka na ị Kwalite pacifism na ikwere na ụmụ nwanyị nwere àgwà pụrụ iche maka idozi nsogbu ụwa, o guzobere International Scientific Institute for Feminine Interpretation. N'afọ 1982, iji kwado onyinye ya dị ịrịba ama na Dutch Women's Movement, a họpụtara Posthumus-van der Goot dị ka onye ọrụ na Order of Orange-Nassau. N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Israel sọpụrụ ya, di ya na nwanne ya nwanyị dị ka ndị ezi omume n'etiti mba, maka ịzụlite ụmụ ha n'oge ndị Nazi bi na Netherlands.

 Oge ọ malitere 
A mụrụ Willemijn Hendrika van der Goot na 2 Mee 1897 na Pretoria, South Africa na Elisabeth Marijna (née Castens) na Fiepko van der Gout. Nna ya bụ injinia na Lilian, dị ka a na-akpọ ya, [1] ya na nwanne ya nwanyị, Annie, [2] toro na mpaghara Dutch nke Batavia, Dutch East Indies. Ọ gara Gymnasium Koning Willem III wee nweta asambodo ị kụzi French na 1914. [1] Mgbe ọ gara Switzerland, Van der Goot malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na injinia na Lausanne, [1] [2] mana mgbe o kpebiri ị mụ akụ na ụba kama, ọ gafere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool (Netherlands School of Commerce) na Rotterdam na 1920. [1] N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere Rotterdam Female Students' Association ma mechaa ọmụmụ ya na 1926. Ọ gara n'ihu mecha edemede ya, De besteding van het inkomen . Het indexcijfer van de Luxu van levensonderhoud (Mfu ego. The index of the cost of living) na 1930, na-agụsị akwụkwọ dị ka nwanyị mbụ nwetara PhD na akụ na ụba na Netherlands. [1] [2]

 Ọrụ 
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya, na 19 Jenụwarị 1931 na London, Van der Goot lụrụ Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus, prọfesọ nke akụkọ akụ na ụba onye ọ zutere n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ. Na enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ, ọ kachasị n'ihi mmachi gọọmentị na-egbochi ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di na-arụ ọrụ n'oge Great Depression, ọ malitere inyere di ya aka n'ọrụ ya. Malite na 1933, ọ kwadoro ozi ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ọmụmụ ya nke History of the Leidse Sheet Metal Industry na ọrụ ya na History of Dutch pricing. Ọ bụ kwa onye na-arụ si ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, na-aga nzukọ 1934 banyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ amaala hà nhata nke Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht kwadoro. [1] [2] N'ịghọta na nzukọ ahụ ka a maghị ihe gbasara onyinye akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị, Posthumus-van der Goot nyere aka hazie nzukọ n'afọ sochirinụ nke mere ka e mepụta Jongeren Werk Comité (JWC) (Youth Work Committee), nke ọ ga-aghọ onye isi oche ya n'oge na-adịghị anya. [3] N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere nyocha akụ na-adịghị ahụ, ọ ga-eme ka Kọmitii na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ. Nnyocha ya gosipụtara na n'ezinụlọ ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ndị ebe ụmụ nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ naanị dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ.

Na ị kwado akụkọ ahụ, Posthumus-van der Goot chọpụtara na enweghị ihe ndekọ ndekọ nke enwere ike ịjụ nke na-ekwu maka akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ sonyeere Rosa Manus, onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, na Johanna Naber, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere mmasị na ide akụkọ ihe mere mere eme ụmụ nwanyị, n'afọ 1935 iji guzobe International Archives for the Women's Movement (Dutch: Internationaal Archief voor de Vrouwenbeweging (IAV)) maka ebumnuche ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ banyere akụkọ ihe mere e ji nye ụmụ nwanyị na onyinye. [1] N'afọ 1936, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (AVRO) dị ka onye isi mmemme redio maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ malitere mmemme na-ewu ewu nke nkeji ise bụ Een korterner van vrouw tot vrouw (Nkwurịta okwu dị mkpirikpi site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị gaa n'aka ndị inyom) nke gosipụtara site na 1936 ruo 1952, ma e wezụga n'oge ndị Nazi bi na Netherlands. [1] N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere itinye aka na pacifism ma gaa Universal Gathering of Peace (French: Rassemblement universel pour la paix), nke emere na Brussels. N'afọ 1937, mgbe Minista Carl Romme tụrụ aro ka a machibido ụmụ nwanyị niile lụrụ di ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ, ọ bụghị naanị na Posthumus-van der Goot bipụtara edemede megide iwu Romme, kama o nyere aka na ị hazi mkpọsa postcard iji mee ka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na-eme ngagharị iwe jupụta. [1]

N'afọ 1938, a mụrụ nwa nwanyị Posthumus-van der Goot, Claire na di na nwunye ahụ, ndị biri na Amsterdam, gara Noordwijk aan Zee, ebe ha na nwanne nwanyị Lilian Annie Diaz-van der goot na nwa ya, Liesbeth. Mgbe ndị agha Germany nọ n'ụlọ ha, ezinụlọ ahụ gara Leiden wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ndị Dutch na-eguzogide iji bubata ụmụaka n'Amsterdam ma tinye ha na ezinụlọ ndị a na-azụ. [1] Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na atụmatụ na 1939 iji mepụta Kansụl Ezinụlọ, iji hazie ndị ọrụ ụlọ ma nye ha ọzụzụ. [2] N'afọ 1940, ndị Nazi weghaara ọtụtụ  ihe ndị IAV, a chụpụrụ ha n'ogige ịta ahụhụ ma gbuo ha. [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, Johanna Naber kwalite mgbe m ga-Avy na-n, ọ nwụrụ, ka ọ nọ n'otu afọ ahụ ka ọ bụ naanị ya na-ahazi ha ka ọ nọ na-ahapụ ezinụlọ ahụ ka ọ dị ndụ site na-a ma gbuo ya na-Avy.

Mgbe agha ahụ biri, Posthumus-van der Goot na ezinụlọ ya gara Amsterdam, ebe ọ malitere mgbasa ozi ya na AVRO. [1] N'afọ 1946, o bipụtara Statistiek en Dioheid (Statistics and Reality), nke nyochara otu esi eji ọnụ ọgụgụ eme ihe iji gosi eziokwu dị iche iche. [1] Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Van MODE op amás, Hetdeel aan van de vrouw in een পৰende wereld (Site Nne gaa Nwa nwanyị, The Proportion of Women in a Changing World), nke ya na Anna de Waal dere ma soro dee. Akwụkwọ ahụ, nke e dere maka mgbanwe nke ike site na Queen Wilhelmina gaa na Queen Juliana, bụ nkọwa zuru oke nke Dutch Women's Movement ma ka na-ewere ya dị ka ederede dị mkpa, ebe ọ banyere na ọtụtụ mbipụta na mbipụta ndị ọzọ. [1] [2] Na 1949, na mgbalị iji mụbaa netwọk ma nyere ndị mgbasa ozi nwanyị aka na mmepe ọrụ ha, Posthumus-van der Goot guzobere International Association of Women in Radio (IAWR) (ndị mgbasa ozi telivishọn sonyeere nzukọ ahụ na 1959). O kwenyere ike na netwọk mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị ga-eme ka udo ụwa dị mfe ma kwalite. [1] N'afọ 1950, ya na di ya kewara ma biri iche ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1960. [1] [2]

N'ikpeazụ na 1950, nzukọ Posthumus-van der Goot bu ụzọ chepụta na 1939 ka e mepụtara Kansụl Ezinụlọ. O guzobekwara ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ụmụ nwanyị, nke akpọrọ aha ya site na ihe ngosi redio ya From Women to Women nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nkwado nke Marie Jungius Foundation na 1951. [1] Ọfịs ahụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị aka n'ọtụtụ ikpo okwu na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu sitere na ọrụ ụlọ iji mee ka ọ dị mma ma bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, yana ndụmọdụ na ndụmọdụ ruo 1964. [2] N'afọ 1952, ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na AVRO mana ọ nọgidere na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke IAWR ruo 1956. [3] Posthumus-van der Goot bipụtara Vrouwen mense voce and Feace for Peace (WWWWomen) ruo n'afọ 1961 (WWNke) ruo mgbe ọ hụrụ Peace (W) Ha abụọ lere anya na ọrụ ndị nkịtị na-arụ n'ịkwado udo, [1] ọ bụ ezie na echiche ya na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ekwesị karịsịa n'ọrụ ha dị ka nne dị ka inwe nkà nkwekọrịta pụrụ iche abụghị ihe na-ewu ewu na ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ. [1] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche na 1964, nke kọmitii ụmụ nwanyị Dutch iji kwadebe maka Year International Cooperation nke United Nations nabatara na 1965. N'afọ 1967, Pothumus-van der Goot guzobere International Scientific Institute for Feminine Interpretation (ISIFI), dị ka akụkụ nke International Peace Research Association, iji kwalite ọmụmụ banyere otu ụmụ nwanyị si nye aka na mmepe nke udo na nsogbu ụwa ndị ọzọ. [1]

N'afọ 1974, Posthumus-van der Goot si n'ọchịchị IAV gbadata, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na ebe nchekwa ihe ochie dị ka onye na-elekọta ọbá akwụkwọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mbipụta nke abụọ nke From mother to daughter na 1977. [1] N'afọ 1982, a matara onyinye ya dị mkpa na Dutch Women's Movement mgbe a na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka onye ọrụ nke Order of Orange-Nassau. [2] [3]

 Ọnwụ na ihe nketa 
Posthumus-van der Goot nwụrụ na Amsterdam na 16 Jenụwarị 1989, [1] ya na ọtụtụ narị ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-aga ọkụ ya na 20 Jenụwarụ. [2] Ọrụ ya na IAV na akwụkwọ ya From Mother to Daughter bụ ndị a ghọtara dị ka onyinye dị mkpa maka akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị na Netherlands. [3] N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị Israel sọpụrụ ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ezi omume n'etiti mba maka enyemaka ya nye ndị Juu n'oge Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ.

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