Brassica oleracea

Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey
 Brassica arborea Steud.
 Brassica bullata Pasq.
 Brassica capitala DC. ex H.Lév.
 Brassica caulorapa (DC.) Pasq.
 Brassica cephala DC. ex H.Lév.
 Brassica fimbriata Steud.
 Brassica gemmifera H.Lév.
 Brassica laciniata Steud.
 Brassica millecapitata H.Lév.
 Brassica oleracea subsp. acephala (DC.) Metzg.
 Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
 Brassica oleracea subsp. caulorapa (DC.) Metzg.
 Brassica oleracea var. costata DC.
 Brassica oleracea subsp. fruticosa Metzg.
 Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.
 Brassica oleracea convar. gemmifera (DC.) Gladis ex Diederichsen
 Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
 Brassica oleracea var. kashmiriana Naqshi & Javeid
 Brassica oleracea var. laciniata L.
 Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia DC.
 Brassica oleracea var. rubra L.
 Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.
 Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
 Brassica oleracea var. viridis L.
 Brassica quercifolia DC. ex H.Lév.
 Brassica rubra Steud.
 Brassica suttoniana H.Lév.
 Brassica sylvestris (L.) Mill.
 Crucifera brassica E.H.L.Krause
 Napus oleracea (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.
 Rapa rotunda Mill.
 Raphanus brassica-officinalis Crantz

Category:Articles with 'species' microformats

Brassica oleracea bụ ụdị osisi nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị osisi, dị ka cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, na gai lan.

N'ụdị ya mgbe a na-akọbeghị ya akọ, a na-akpọ ya cabbage ọhịa ma bụrụkwa nke a na-ahụkarị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ebe ndịda na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe. Osisi siri ike n'ụdị ya a na-akọghị, nnagide ya dị elu maka nnu na lime, na enweghị nnagide asọmpi site na osisi ndị ọzọ, na-egbochi ihe okike ya na ugwu mmiri limestone, dị ka ugwu chalk n'akụkụ abụọ nke English Channel, na ụsọ mmiri ikuku n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Isle of Wight. Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mmadụ itoolu bi n'ọhịa n'ụsọ oké osimiri Atlantic nke France gosipụtara mmalite anụ ọhịa ha, nke sitere na osisi ndị a zụlitere n'ubi na ubi.

B. oleracea ọhịa bụ osisi dị ogologo nke na-adịru afọ abụọ nke na-emepụta rosette siri ike nke nnukwu akwụkwọ n'afọ mbụ. Akwụkwọ ya dị nro ma sie ike karịa ụdị Brassica chin nke na-enyere ya aka ichekwa mmiri na ihe oriri na gburugburu ebe siri ike. N'afọ nke abụọ ya, ọ na-eji ihe na-edozi ahụ echekwara iji mepụta okooko osisi dị mita 1 - 2 n'ogologo na ọtụtụ okooko osisi na-acha edo edo.

Aha ya kpọmkwem oleracea pụtara "akwụkwọ nri ma ọ bụ ahịhịa" na Latin ma bụrụ ụdị holeraceus (oleraceus).

 Uto na ojiji 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Growing_Cauliflower.jpg/220px-Growing_Cauliflower.jpg|thumb|Isi nke B. oleracea Botrytis otu (cauliflower) na-eto eto
B. oleracea eguzobewo dị ka ihe ọkụkụ nri dị mkpa nke mmadụ, nke a na-eji eme ihe n'ihi nnukwu nri ya, nke a chekwaara n'oge oyi na akwụkwọ ya. Ọ nwere ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ dị mkpa nke gụnyere vitamin C. A zụlitere ya n'ọtụtụ ụdị, gụnyere cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, collards, na kale, ụfọdụ n'ime ha anaghị aghọta ha dị ka ndị otu ụdị, ma ya fọdụkwa ụdị. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụdị Crucifera, nke pụtara "onye na-ebu obe" na-arutu aka na okooko osisi anọ, nke nwere ike ịbụ naanị ihe jikọtara ọnụ karịa ụtọ.

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na a na-akụ ya kemgbe ọtụtụ puku afọ, mana akụkọ ihe mere eme ya dị ka osisi a na-azụ n'ụlọ edoghị anya tupu oge ndị Gris na ndị Rom, mgbe ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri ubi a ma ama. Theophrastus kwuru ụdị atọ nke rhaphanos: akwụkwọ na-agba agba, akwụkwọ na-akwọ mụrụmụrụ, na ụdị ọhịa.Compare Theophrastus; raphanis (ραφανίς), "radish", also a Brassica. Ọ na-akọ na ọ na-asọ oyi na cabbage na osisi vaịn, n'ihi na ndị oge ochie kwenyere na cabbage a na-akụ n'akụkụ mkpụrụ vaịn ga-enye mmanya ahụ ụtọ ha.

Nri jupụtara na akwụkwọ nri cruciferous (dịka, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) nwere njikọ na mbelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọtụtụ ọrịa kansa mmadụ.
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tree_cabbage.jpg/170px-Tree_cabbage.jpg|alt=A small tree with large leaves|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Enwere ike ịzụlite cabbage Jersey ka ọ too nnukwu, ọkachasị na ihu igwe na-enweghị oyi.

 Mmalite ya 
Dika Triangle of U theory sị dị , B. oleracea nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụdị ise ndị ọzọ nke ụdị Brassica.
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/B%C3%A2tons_d%27chour.jpg/220px-B%C3%A2tons_d%27chour.jpg|thumb|Ogwe ụkwụ Jersey
A na-achịkọta ụdị nke B. oleracea site na ụdị mmepe n'ime ìgwè asaa dị mkpa, nke otu Acephala ("na-abụghị isi") na-anọgide na-adị ka cabbage ọhịa n'ọdịdị:

 Brassica oleracea Acephala otu a na-akpọ kale
 Brassica oleracea Viridis otu collard akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
 Brassica oleracea Alboglabra otu (Chinese broccoli)
 Brassica oleracea Botrytis otu cauliflower, Romanesco broccoli, na broccoflower
 Brassica oleracea Capitata otu
 Brassica oleracea Gemmifera otu na Brussels sprouts
 Brassica oleracea Ìgwè Gongylodes
 Brassica oleracea Italica otu

N'ebe ndị dị ka Channel Islands na Canary Islands, ebe oyi dị obere ma si otú a wepụ osisi site na oge, ụfọdụ cultivars, nke a maara dị ka Jersey cabbages, nwere ike ito ruo mita atọ (9.8 ft) n'ogologo. "Cabbages" ndị a na-amịpụta akwụkwọ ọhụrụ n'afọ niile, na-adịgide adịgide, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ka e bibie ya n'oge owuwe ihe ubi dị ka ọ dị na cabbage nkịtị. A na-eme ka ahịhịa ha na-acha odo odo kpọọ nkụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma mee ka ha bụrụ ahịhịhịa na-agagharị agagharị.

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Frukt_och_gr%C3%B6sakshandel._Pieter_Aertsen_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86399.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Frukt_och_gr%C3%B6sakshandel._Pieter_Aertsen_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_86399.tif.jpg|thumb|Market Scene, ihe osise nke Pieter Aertsen (1569)
Site na ọbịbịa nke ọrụ ugbo na nzọghari osisi dị ọhịa na nso ụlọ, ndị bi n'ebe ugwu Mediterenian malitere ịkọ ugbo cabbage ọhịa. Site na nhọrọ aka maka àgwà dị iche iche nke phenotype, mpụta nke ọdịiche dị iche iche na osisi ahụ nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ọdịdị were naanị puku afọ ole na ole. Nhọrọ maka akwụkwọ, okooko osisi, okooko ala, ogwe osisi, na okooko osisi mere ka a họrọ ụdị dị iche iche nke cabbage ọhịa n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị a maara taa.

 Mmetụta nke mmasị 

 Nhọrọ maka iri akwụkwọ ya mere ka a họrọ ahịhịa ndị nwere akwụkwọ buru ibu na-ewepụta ma kụọ mkpụrụ ha maka uto ọzọ. N'ihe dị ka senchiri nke ise (5th century BC), mmepụta nke ihe a maara ugbu a dị ka kale amalitela.
 Nhọrọ ahụ dugara na nhọrọ aka nke osisi kale nwere akwụkwọ ndị siri ike, ma ọ bụ alaka na-epu elu. N'ebe ụfọdụ n'ihe dị ka narị afọ mbụ AD, ọdịiche dị iche iche nke B. oleracea nke a maara dị ka cabbage pụtara.
 Nhọrọ nke Phenotype na Germany mere ka ọdịiche ọhụrụ site na cultivar kale. Site n'ịhọrọ maka ogwe osisi buru ibu, osisi dị iche iche a maara dị ka kohlrabi pụtara na narị afọ mbụ AD.
 Nhọrọ ndị Europe pụtara maka iri okooko osisi na-eto eto, nhọrọ maka inflorescence. Ihe ndekọ mbụ na senchiri nke ịrị na ise (15th century AD), na-egosi na a chọtara ụdị isi cauliflower na broccoli n'ebe ndịda Ịtali na Sicily, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị edozi ụdị ndị a n'ụdị dị iche iche ruo ihe dị ka afọ otu bari ka e mesịrị.
 Nhọrọ ọzọ na Belgium na mgbọrọgwụ n'akụkụ dugara na Brussels sprouts na narị afọ nke 18.

 Ojiji ọgwụ 
Agbụrụ Lumbee nke North Carolina ejirila akwụkwọ B. oleracea mee ihe n'ọgwụ nke ha kwenyere na ọ nwere àgwà nhicha, yana ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro, ihe na-egbochi ọzịza, na ọgwụgwọ maka glaucoma na oyi ịba n'ahụ.
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brassica-garden.jpg/770px-Brassica-garden.jpg|center|thumb|Ọtụtụ ụdị nke B. oleracea, gụnyere kale, Brussels sprouts, savoy, na Chinese kale

 Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ihe gbasara ụtọ 
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa TAS2R38 na-edepụta onye na-anabata protein G nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anata uto, nke ligands dị ka PROP na phenylthiocarbamide na-ejikọta na onye na-anakwere ma malite mgbaàmà nke na-enye ogo dị iche iche nke nghọta uto. Akwụkwọ nri dị n'ezinụlọ brassica, dị ka collard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage, na Brussels sprouts, nwere glucosinolates na isothiocyanates, nke yiri PROP, ya mere ọtụtụ n'ime "obi ilu" nke akwụkwọ nri ndị a na-aga site na TAS2R38. A na-ahụkwa ndị na-anabata uto dị ilu n'ezinụlọ TS2R na mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'ime ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ oke. Ndị na-anabata ihe ndị a na-emetụta mwepụta nke homonụ ndị metụtara ịchịkwa agụụ, dị ka peptide YY na glucagon-dị ka peptite-1, ya mere ha nwere ike imetụta iri calorie na mmepe nke oke ibu. Ya mere, nghọta ụtọ dị ilu nwere ike imetụta omume nri site n'inwe mmetụta na mmasị ụtọ na nhazi homonụ metabolic.

Ụdị atọ dị na agbụrụ TAS2R38 ya bu: rs713598, rs1726866, na rs10246939 na-enwe njikọ dị elu na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ma na-akpata mgbanwe koodu amino acid nke na-eduga n'ọtụtụ ụdị nghọta dị ilu. PAV haplotype bụ ihe kachasị; ya mere, ndị nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụdị nke PAV allele na-ahụ mkpụrụ ndụ dị na akwụkwọ nri ndị yiri PROP dị ka iri ihe ilu, n'ihi ya, ha nwere ike ịkpata ịkpọasị na akwụkwọ nri ilu. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị nwere haplotypes AVI abụọ bụ ndị na-adịghị atọ ụtọ. PAV na AVI haplotypes bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, ọ bụ ezie na haplotyps ndị ọzọ dị na-enye mmetụta dị n'etiti (AAI, AAV, AVV, na PVI). Mmetụta a nwere ike imetụta akwụkwọ nri n'ozuzu.Calancie, Larissa; Keyserling, Thomas C.; Smith-Taillie, Lindsey; Robasky, Kimberly; Patterson, Cam; Ammerman, Alice S.; Schisler, Jonathan C. (2018). 

 Osisi ndị a na-akụ 
ỊzụliteFotoAhaCabbage ọhịa125x125pxBrassica oleracea var. oleraceaCabbage100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. albaCabbage Savoy100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. sabaudaCabbage na-acha ọbara ọbara100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubraCable cone100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. acutaGai lan133x133pxBrassica oleracea var. alboglabraIhe olu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. viridisCabbage Jersey103x103pxBrassica oleracea var. longataIhe ịchọ mma100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. acephalaKale100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. sabellicaKalette150x150pxBrassica oleracea var. viridis x gemmiferaAkpụkpọ anụ100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. palmifoliaAkpụkpọ anụ na-adịgide adịgide100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. ramosaMkpụrụ osisi cabbage100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. medullosaAkpụkpọ ụkwụ100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. costataUto nke Brussels100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. gemmiferaKohlrabi100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. gongylodesBroccoli100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. italicaCauliflower100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. botrytisCaulini100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. botrytisBroccoli nke Romanesco100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. botrytisBroccoli di Torbole100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. botrytisOkooko osisi broccoflower100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. botrytis x italicaBroccolini100x100pxBrassica oleracea var. italica × alboglabra

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 Njikọ mpụga 

 PROTAbase na Brassica oleracea (Brussels sprouts)
 PROTAbase na Brassica oleracea (cauliflower na broccoli)
 Nchịkọta vidiyo nke Brassica oleracea: site na Untamed Science
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations