Asusu igbo

Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code
Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code
 Bambara (Arabic script), nke a makwaara dị ka Bamana (N'Ko script) ma ọ bụ Bamanankan (X), bụ asụsụ na asụsụ mba nke Mali nke nwere ike ịbụ nde mmadụ iri na ise na-asụ, nke nde mmadụ ise na Bambara na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri iri na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka pasent 80 nke ndị Mali na-asụ Bambara dị ka asụsụ mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Ọ nwere usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu na ụda okwu abụọ. Aha obodo bamanankan pụtara "asụsụ (kan) nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ (bámànán), ndị jụrụ Islam", [nnyocha na-emezughị] ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-asụ Dyula, ndị bụ ndị Alakụba.

 Nchịkọta 
Bamana bụ otu ndị otu dị iche iche nke a na-akpọ ndị a na-ejikọ ọnụ, nke ndị na-ekwu okwu ndị obodo ha na-achọpụta akụkọ ọdịnala na Mal Mal I Malyi. A na-atụle manditing na-atụle na-atụle (n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu ala) na-adabere na mkpughe ma ọ bụ nke na-ekwu okwu n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu - na 40 ruo 40 na mba . Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast na Gambia. Manding bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ Mandé nke asụsụ.

 Ebe a na-ekesa ya 
A na-asụ Bambara na Mali niile dị ka asụsụ bu isi..A na-asụkarị asụsụ ahụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndịda, na n'ebe ugwu nke Bamako, ebe ndị na-asụrụ ya na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-akọwa dị ka ndị otu agbụrụ Bambara kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.

Mpaghara mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme Bambara nke Bambo Somara nke Bambou, ọkachasị Ségou, mgbe ọ gbadaa site na ndị otu na-eme njem. 

 Asụsụ 
Asụsụ bụ isi bụ Standard Bamara, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site na Maninkakan. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Bambara nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ obodo: Kaarta, Tambacounda (n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ); Beledugu, Bananba, Mesekele (n' ugwu); Jitumu, Jamaladugu, Segu (n'etiti); Cakadugu, Keleyadugu, Jalakadougu, Kurulamini, Banim, Bankarkar, Shɛndugu, Ganadugu (n'Ebe ndịda); Kala, Kurk, Kurkthoroast).

 Ide ihe 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Delaforge_-_Grammaire_et_m%C3%A9thode_Bambara_-_p184.jpg/220px-Delaforge_-_Grammaire_et_m%C3%A9thode_Bambara_-_p184.jpg|thumb|Peeji sitere na Grammaire et méthode Bambara nke Francis Delaforge (1949)
Kemgbe afọ 1967, a na-edekarị Bambara na edemede Latin, na-eji ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede phonetic ndị ọzọ. Mkpụrụedemede bụ a, e, ɛ (nke bụbu è), i, o, ɔ (nke bụzi ò), u; enwere ike iji ụda olu mee ihe iji gosipụta ụda olu. A na-ede digraph ny mbụ ugbu a ɲ mgbe ọ na-akọwapụta palatal nasal glide; a na-edebe mkpụrụ okwu ny maka njikọta nke ụdaume imi na ọnụ palatal glide na-esote. N'ịgbaso mgbakọ mkpụrụedemede Bamako nke afọ 1966, a na-ede "ŋ" dị ka "ŋ", ọ bụ ezie na n'akwụkwọ ndị mbụ a na-edekarị ya dị ka ng ma ọ bụ nk.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ N'Ko bụ edemede nke Solomana Kante chepụtara na 1949 dị ka usoro ederede maka asụsụ Manding nke West Africa; M na-ekwu 'M na-ekwu' n'asụsụ Manding niile. Kante mepụtara Nīko na nzaghachi maka ihe o chere na ọ bụ nkwenye na ndị Afrịka bụ "ndị na-enweghị ọdịbendị" ebe ọ bụ na tupu oge a, enweghị usoro edemede ụmụ amaala Afrịka maka asụsụ ya. N'ko bu ụzọ nweta ndị ọrụ siri ike gburugburu ebe a na-asụ asụsụ Maninka nke obodo Kante nke Kankan, Guinea ma gbasaa site n'ebe ahụ gaa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Manding nke West Africa. N'ko na edemede Arabic ka na-eji maka Bambara, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị orthography Latin ka a na-amata na Mali.

Tụkwasị na nke a, Woyo Couloubayi (c.1910-1982) nke Assatiémala mepụtara edemede a maara dị ka Masaba ma ọ bụ Ma-sa-ba maka asụsụ ahụ malite na 1930.  A na-akpọ ya maka ihe odide mbụ na usoro nchịkọta nke Couloubayi họọrọ, Masaba bụ syllabary nke na-eji diacritics egosi àgwà ụdaume dị ka ụdaume, ogologo, na nasalization.  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị njikọ doro anya na usoro edemede ndị ọzọ, Masaba yiri ka ọ na-adabere na ihe oyiyi ọdịnala Bambara ma na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta na Vai syllabary nke Liberia na mkpụrụedemede nzuzo nke Arabic nke a na-eji na Hodh (nke bụzi Hodh El Gharbi na Hodh Ech Chargui Regions nke Mauritania). Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1978, a na-ejikarị Masaba eme ihe n'ọtụtụ obodo dị na Nioro Cercle maka ndekọ ego, akwụkwọ ozi onwe onye, na ndekọ nke ekpere ndị Alakụba; a maghị ọnọdụ na mgbasa nke edemede ahụ ugbu a.

 Asụsụ Latịn 
Ọ na-eji ụdaume asaa a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ na u, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike ịpụta n'imi, pharyngealized ma na-atụ ụja, na-enye ngụkọta nke ụdaume 21 (mkpụrụedemede na-eru nso ha IPA). [citation needed] Ide ederede Latin malitere n'oge French colonization, a na-ewebata orthography mbụ na 1967. Ịgụ na ide dị oke, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ edemede na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe (n'ihi oke French dị ka "asụsụ nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ"), enwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, nke na-abụkarị akụkọ banyere ndị eze na ndị dike. Akwụkwọ a a na-ekwu okwu ọnụ bụ ndị griots (Jeliw na Bambara) bụ ndị ngwakọta nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ, ndị na-agụ egwu otuto, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ bụ ndị mụrụ ọrụ nke ịbụ abụ na ịgụghachi ọtụtụ afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ha dị nnọọ ochie ma a na-ekwu na ọ malitere na alaeze ochie nke Mali.

 Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ 

 A na-akpọ ya
 B B B B
 C a na-akpọ [t͡ʃ]
 N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
 N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ
 Ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma
 N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
 Shia na-akpọ
 Sụ a na-akpọ
 N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
 __ibo__ N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
 Sọnk
 Sụ A na-akpọ
 N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ "Chun"
 N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ
 Йыara n'Anya
 N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'anya
 O si otú ahụ
 Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akọwa ya
 N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
 R R R R
 Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
 Ya na ya na ya
 Z Z Z Z

 Akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzọ 

 Kh (nke a na-eji maka okwu ndị e si n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ si n'Afrịka nweta)
 -n Akara ụdaume
 Shia (ụdị mpaghara nke s)

 N'ko orthography 

 Mkpụrụedemede 

 A na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 Sị na-esote
 A na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 Shia o [o]
 A na-akpọ ya

 Mkpụrụ okwu 

 Skọ na-ekwu maka ya
 Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ
 A na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 Akụkụ nke a [t͡ʃ]
 A na-akpọ ya
 A na-akpọ ya
 Shia
 A na-akpọ ya [g/ʀ/ɣ]
 Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ [ɡ͡b]
 Nke a bụ [f]
 Akụkụ nke a
 A na-akpọ ya
 Nkọwa nke a
 Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ "Anya"
  Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma ka a na-akpọ
 Nkọwa na-egosi na
 A na-akpọ ya
 N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ ya
 Shia Shia SHA
 Akara ụdaume

 Ụda ụda 

 Akụkụ dị mkpirikpi
 Akụkụ dị mkpirikpi
 Ogologo oge dị elu
 Ogologo ala

 Ọmụmụ ụdaolu 

 Mkpụrụ okwu 
ỌnụAlveolarPalatalVelarỌkụỤgbọ imimnɲŋPlosivepbtdt͡ʃ 'c'd͡ʒ ‹j›kɡIhe na-esiri ikefsz(ʃ)(ɣ) ‹kh›hIhe atụwlj 'y'Ihe na-atọ ụtọr
Mkpụrụ okwu ọ bụla na-anọchite anya otu ụda ma e wezụga ụfọdụ:

 A na-akpọ "W" dị ka n'asụsụ Bekee (dịka ichere) ma e wezụga na njedebe nke okwu, mgbe ọ bụ akara dị n'ọtụtụ ma na-akpọ ya dị ka [u].
 A na-akpọkarị "S" dịka okwu Bekee "lee" mana a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "sh" [ʃ] dịka okwu "akpụkpọ ụkwụ" ma ọ bụ dị ka [z].
 A na-akpọkarị "G" dịka okwu Bekee "go" mana n'etiti okwu, enwere ike ịkpọ ya dịka okwu Spanish "abogado" ([ɣ]) na mgbe ụfọdụ na mmalite nke okwu dị ka [gw].

 Mkpụrụedemede 
N'ihuCentralNlaghachiN'akụkụi iː ĩu uː ũN'etiti etitie eː ẽoː õMepee n'etitiɛ ɛː ɛ̃ɔ ɔː ɔ̃Emeghea aː ã

 Asụsụ 
Bambara bụ asụsụ aglutinative, nke pụtara na a na-agbakọta morphemes ọnụ iji mepụta okwu.

Ọdịdị ahịrịokwu bụ isi isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV).  Were ahịrịokwu, n t'a lon (Amaghị m [ya]). n bụ isiokwu (M), a bụ ihe (ya), na [ta] lon bụ ngwaa ([ịmara). T''' sitere na akara ngosi oge ugbu a na-adịghị mma té, bé bụ akara ngosi oge dị ugbu a (n b'a don ga-apụta "Amaara m ya"). Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ SOV, Bambara na-eji postpositions kama prepositions - ọrụ ha yiri prepositions Bekee mana etinye ya n'azụ aha.

Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụda abụọ (nke dị n'etiti / ọkọlọtọ na nke dị elu); dịka sa 'ọnwụ' vs. sá 'agwọ'. Ọdịdị arụmụka nke asụsụ ahụ nwere isiokwu, nke enyemaka aspectival sochiri, nke ihe na-esote, na n'ikpeazụ ngwaa na-agafe agafe.  

Bambara anaghị agbanwe maka okike. Enwere ike ịkọwa okike maka aha site na ịgbakwunye adjective, - Turi ma ọ bụ -kɛ maka nwoke na -muso maka nwanyị. A na-emepụta ọnụọgụ site na itinye nsonaazụ ụdaolu -u, ọtụtụ mgbe na ụda dị ala (na orthography, -w) na aha ma ọ bụ adjectives.

 Okwu mgbazinye 
N'ime obodo ukwu, a gbanwere ọtụtụ njikọ Bamanankan n'iji ya eme ihe kwa ụbọchị site na mgbazinye ego French nke na-emekarị akara mgbanwe koodu. Asụsụ Bamako na-eji ahịrịokwu dị ka: N tara Kita ma ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ. : Agara m Kita [Bamanankan ] mana ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ [French]. Okwu ahụ na Bamanankan naanị ga-abụ, ọ ga-abụ "Oru Kita nka mɔkɔ si tun tɛ yen". A na-ejikwa okwu French "est-ce que" mee ihe na Bamanankan ; Otú ọ dị, a na-akpọ ya nke nta nke nta ma dị ka nkeji atọ, .

Bamanankan na-eji ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye French. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịsị: I ka kurusi ye jaun ye: "Kpu gị bụ odo" (iji okwu French maka odo, odo).)

Otú ọ dị, mmadụ nwekwara ike ịsị: I ka kulosi ye nɛrɛmukuman ye, nke pụtakwara "uwe gị bụ odo". Okwu Bamanankan mbụ maka odo sitere na "nɛrɛmuku," bụ ntụ ọka (muku) nke e ji néré (mịkụ ụgbụ mee), mkpụrụ sitere na ogologo mkpụrụ osisi. A na-ejikarị Nɛrɛmuku eme ofe na Southern Mali.

A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazinyere na French na ụda 'i'; nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị mgbe ị na-eji okwu French nke nwere ihe a na'ụzọ ọdịnala na-adịghị ahụ na Mali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu Bamanankan maka snow bụ niegei, dabere na okwu French maka snow. Ebe ọ bụ na snow enwetụbeghị na Mali, ọ nweghị okwu pụrụ iche na Bamanankan iji kọwaa ya.

 Ihe Nlereanya 

 Egwú 
Ndị na-ese ihe na Mali dị ka Oumou Sangaré, Sidiki Diabaté, Fatoumata Diawara, Rokia Traoré, Ali Farka Touré, Habib Koité na di na nwunye Amadou & Mariam na-abụkarị abụ na Bambara. Okwu na Bambara na-apụta na Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants".

Tụkwasị na nke a, n'afọ 2010, otu egwu rock Spanish Dover wepụtara abọm studio nke asaa ya I Ka Kené na ọtụtụ okwu n'asụsụ ahụ. Onye America na-eti egwu Nas weputara egwu akpọrọ "Sabali" na 2010, nke gosipụtara Damian Marley. Sabali'' bụ okwu Bambara nke pụtara ndidi.

 Ọnọdụ iwu 
8Bambara bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Mali họpụtara dị ka asụsụ mba.

 Ihe odide 

 Ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ 

 Ebe e si nweta ya 


 Njikọ mpụga 





 Nkọwa 

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mali Asụsụ

 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu 

 Maliyiri.com bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French ma bụrụ ọrụ obodo ebe ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye okwu ọhụrụ, nkọwa, nye nzaghachi ma soro ibe ha.
 Corpus Bambara de Référence - Etiquetage online na nbudata Bambara-French Dictionary (ihe dị ka 11,500 ntinye na ngwụcha afọ 2014), na ndepụta French-Bambara, jikọtara ya na Corpus B Barbara de Référence
 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bambara-English nke ka taa nke na-ahụ maka ekwentị nke gụnyere French na Jula.
 Ntinye Bambara (>2300) na French Wiktionary
 Bambara-French-English dictionary online na nbudata lexicons maka ndị na-amụ asụsụ
 Aha osisi Bambara (aha sayensị -> aha a na-ahụkarị)

 Ihe mmụta 

 Online Bambara Course si na Mahadum Indiana
  (168 KB) on peacecorps.gov

 Ndị ọzọ 

 Corpus Bambara de Référence Corpus Bamba de Référence, a electronic corpus of Bambara texts (ihe dị ka 2,000,000 okwu na njedebe 2014)
 Ngwa gam akporo nke Maliyiri.com, nke nwere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịhọrọ inweta ọkwa okwu kwa ụbọchị / kwa izu maka mmụta na-aga n'ihu.
 Bambara Electronic Library, AMALAN ̊ LLACAN
 An ka taa: ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ihe onwunwe na mgbasa ozi maka ịmụ Bambara na Manding n'ozuzu.
 Bambara na French Wikibooks nwere ihe ndị ọzọ
 Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mandenkan
 PanAfriL10n peeji na Manding (gụnyere ozi gbasara Bambara)
 Maneno na Bambara (ikpo okwu ịde blọgụ nwere interface Bambara zuru ezu)