Bongo–Bagirmi languages

Asụsụ Bongo–Bagirmi ma ọ bụ Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi bụ ngalaba bụ isi nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Central Sudan nwere ihe dị ka asụsụ iri anọ. Otu ndị isi gụnyere asụsụ Bagirmi dịka asụsụ Naba na asụsụ Sara. A na-asụ ha n'ofe CAR, Chad, South Sudan na mba ndị dị n'akụkụ.

 Asụsụ 
Asụsụ Bongo–Bagirmi ka amụchaghị nke ọma, ọ nweghịkwa nkwekọrịta dị nta gbasara nhazi nke ime ha. Tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a bụ n'aka Lionel Bender, dị ka a chịkọtara na Blench (2000).

 Bongoo-Baka
 Kara (= Tar Gula?)
 Sinyar (Shemya) ?
 Bagirmi
 Sara
 Doba (Bedjond, Gor, Mango)
 Kaba
 Ndagwurugwu
 Birri (ma eleghị anya ọ dị nso na Kresh)
 Fongoro (Formone) ?
 Yulu (Yulu Binga)

Sinyar na Fongoro nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ Bongo–Bagirmi ma ọ bụ ọbụna asụsụ Central Sudanic.

 Nhazi 
Boyeldieu (2006) ekewapụta asụsụ Sara-Bongo–Bagirmi dịka ndị a.

 Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi

 Bongo
 Ụzọ, 'Beli, Baka
 Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ
 Yulu
 Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ
 Igwe, Gula Koto
 Gula Zura, 'Bu'bu, Gula Mere, Gula Sara
 Nduga, Ịkwa Ụlata?
 Sara 
 Mpaghara: Ndoka, Wad, Bagiro, Na, Tiye, Kulfa, Simé, 'Dem
 Central: Sar, Mbay, Ngambay, 'Bedjond, Kaba P.
 Ndị ọzọ: Bulala, Beraku, Kenga, 'Barma

Boyeldieu (2006) tụlere ala nna (Urheimats) nke otu asụsụ dịka ndị a.

 Proto-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi: Bahr el Ghazal / ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ South Sudan, n'akụkụ ókè ya na ọwụwa anyanwụ Central African Republic
 Proto-Western Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi: oke ugwu-etiti etiti Central African Republic
 Proto-Sara: ndịda-etiti Chad, n'akụkụ ókèala ya na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Central African Republic

Asụsụ Bongo-Bagirmi dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị nso na asụsụ Central Sudanic ndị ọzọ, ebe asụsụ Sara dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agbanweela karịa site na profaịlụ ụdị Central Sudanic n'ihi kọntaktị na Ubangian na asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

 Nrụgharị 


 Osisi 
Aha osisi Proto-Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi:
Ụdị dị iche icheProto-Sara BongoStylochiton sp.*BadaNkume na-esi ísì ụtọ*ɓAlɛ; *ɓARlɛDichrostachys cinerea__ibo__ *Anyaụ; *AnyaịLoudetia annua*bamu; *bVmVEbe a na-emepụta oliv na Daniellia*ɓAtɛ; *ɓita; *ɓuta; *ɓito; *ɓVtVAmaranthus cruentus*buduAndropogon gayanus*butuNymphaea sp.*ɓVlVManihot glaziovii*bVngVCissus populnea*AnyaụLagenaria siceraria*Ciɓa; *CuɓaCissus integrifolia*Gịnị; *Gịnị, *Gịnị.Terminalia sp.*CV; *XVỌrịa AIDS rhombifolia*ɗAɗɛAcacia albida*didi; *diɗiCombretum glutinosum*ịgba ọsọ; *dVrVLeptadenia hastata*ɗisa; *ɗusaAeschynomene nilotica*dulɛStrychnos sp.*duɲu; *diɲi; *duyu; *diyiSterculia setigera*ɖakaLoudetia simplex* nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyịHyparrhenia bagirmica*gamaHibiscus sp.*Nke na-eme ihe nkiriGrewia venusta*Gimbo; *GVmbVUren lobata*gumbuIsoberlinia iwu*kabɔ; *kabaCordia Afrịka*kAjɛObi ilu na-emetụta*kArɛCalotropis procera*kaRpɔ; *kARpɛFicus glumosa*Kọnọ; *kilɔAfzelia Afrịka*kila; *GilaGardenia sp. (?)*Kiri; *GiriXimenia americana*kiti; *kVtV; *titi; *tVtVFicus platyphylla*KOɓO; *KVɓVCeiba pentandra*AnyaụParinari curatellifolia*kumaJatropha sp.*kumaDiospyros mespiliformis*kuRmɛ; *kARmɛ; *kuRmaAkị osisi a na-akpọ "Ficus sycomorus"*kutɛ; *kVtVDetarium microcarpum*ịna; *ịna, *ịnaLophira lanceolata*kVyVCombretum collinumỌdịdị; ỌdịdịTephrosia bracteolata*Ọdịdị nke aGardenia erubescens*maca; *masa; *maKaParkia Afrịka*matɔ; *mbaRtɔAnnona senegalensis*mbArɛ; *mburɛ; *mbARwɛ; *mbuRwɛGrewia sp. (?)*FukụNymphaea sp.*mEɗEAmblygonocarpus andongensis*Mikwu; *Mikpu; *miri; *miro; *mOrOVitex sp.*mOyI; *mVyV; *mOɲI; * mVɲVPseudocedrela kotschyi*muruMitragyna inermis*nɖAɲɛ; *nɖVɲVImperata cylindrica*nɖoku; *nɖekiZiziphus sp.*ngA iwu; *ngAɗɛAcacia sp.*ngara; *ngaaBalanites aegyptiaca*nguraHexalobus monopetalus*NVCVAcacia sieberiana*AnyaụRaphionacme sp.*pOyO; *pVyVCeltis integrifolia*Ụlọ; *SVlVRottboellia exaltata*SayaAnogeissus leiocarpus*Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ; *Ọ bụrụ otú e si akọwa yaKigelia aethiopium*SokuCissus quadrangularis*taɗaCucurbitaceae sp.*tayaPennisetum pedicellatum*tEmbEStriga sp.__ibo____ibo____ibo__ *ụfọdụ; *ụfọdụ, *ụfọdụ.Jardinea sp.*tuwaTapinanthus sp.*tVmVBurkea Africa*Nke a na-akpọAnogeissus leiocarpus -Ficus tuna -Piliostigma thonningii -Pseudocedrela kotschyi -Securinega virosa -Crateva adansonii -Asparagus sp. -Dactyloctenium aegyptium -Sclerocarya birrea -Ficus polita -Ficus sp. -Balanites aegyptiaca -Sesbania pachycarpa -Cochlospermum tinctorium -Xanthosoma mafaffa -Luffa sp. -

 Azụ 
Aha azụ Per-Sara-Bongo-Bagirami:Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. Présentation des langues Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (online version).
Ụdị dị iche icheProto-Sara-Bongo-BagirmiCtenopoma spp.*ɓakap; *ɓaku; *ɓVkVDistichodus sp.*ịgba mgbaAlestes macrolepidotus*boru; *beri; *ɓoru; *ɓeriSiluridae sp. (?)*buli; *bOlI; *boluSiluridae sp.*bVngVMormyridae spp.*CAɓɛ; *CAbɛDistichodus spp.*CeriAlestes spp.* ihe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe na-emeCitharinus spp.*dOrOBagrus bajad bajad*duɓaSynodontis spp., Auchenoglanis spp. na alii*gaRgaHeterobranchus bidorsalis, Clarias spp.*ịchịkwaBagridae sp.*GElELabeo spp., Barbus spp.*guɗu; *gOɗO; *Suɗu; *SOɗO;*Sudu; *SOdO; *ɓudu; *ɓOdOCharacidae sp., Citharinidae sp. (?)*janga; *CangaTetraodon fahaka strigosus*k+ɖ + kioLates niloticus*kaRɓɔMalapterurus electricus*Kiɓi; *tiɓi; *KibiProtopterus annectens*Kuri; *Kuru; *KuRyi; *KuMyuMormyridae sp.*MARlɛOphicephalus obscurus*mOgO; *migoClarias spp., Heterobranchus bidorsalis*nduli; *ndolu; *ndVlVHeterotis niloticusNke a bụ ihe a na-akpọTilapia spp.*nguraNọọsụ Alestes*ŋmaŋma; *ŋmɔŋmɔ; *ŋmaɲa; *ŋmak LagMormyridae spp.*A na-eme ka ọ dị mmaTilapia spp., Hemichromis spp.*pORpO; *paRpa; *SORpO, *SaRpaCitharinus citharus*pupupuPolypterus spp.*Anyaụ; *AnyaịSchilbe spp., Eutropius niloticus niloticum*SErE; *SArɛ; *CErE;*CArɛSiluridae spp.*Sili; *SVlV; *sili; *sVlVHepsetus odoe, Hydrocyon spp.*Ee; *YaCharacidae sp., Citharinidae sp. (?)*Suo; *Suo, *Suo: *Suo. *Suo"; *Suo na-Suo; -Suo na na-Soo; *Siao na-Swapo.Polypterus spp.*Suo; *SuoGymnarchus niloticus*tumu; *temi; *ɲumu; *ɲemiHeterobranchus spp. -Lates niloticus -Bagridae spp., Clariidae spp. -Citharinus spp. -Malapterurus electricus -

 Hụkwa 

 Ndepụta nke Proto-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi reconstructions (Wiktionary)

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 
Ihe ndị dị na Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi na-abụkarị n'asụsụ French.

 ADAMI P., 1981, (ya na Dj. DJARANGAR, J. FÉDRY, Ng. NASSITY na P. PALAYER), Lexique bediondo-français, Sarh, Centre d'Études Linguistiques-Collège Charles-Lwanga.
 ANDERSEN T., 1981, A Grammar of Modo, A Preliminary Sketch, Mahadum nke Aalborg (Denmark).
 BLACHE J., 1964, Azụ nke ọdọ mmiri Chad na nke ọdọ mmiri dị nso na Mayo Kebbi, Paris, ORSTOM.
 BOYELDIEU P., 1987, Asụsụ Fer ('kara') na Yulu nke North Central African, Descriptive and Dictionary, Paris, Geuthner.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka e dere ya.
 CAPRILE J.P., s.d. [1969 ?[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 CAPRILE J.P., 1972, Études et documents sara-bongo-baguirmiens, Paris, Mahadum René Descartes (Paris V), 2 mpịakọta.
 DANAY K., MAKODE M. et al., 1986, Dictionnaire sara-kaba-na - French, Kyabe (Tchad), Sarh, Centre d'Études Linguistiques-Collège Charles-Lwanga.
 DJEMADJIOUDJIEL N.L.Mb. na J. FÉDRY, 1979, Okwu ngàmbáy-French, French-ngàmbáy, Sarh, Centre d'Études Linguistiques-Collège Charles-Lwanga.
 GADEN H., 1909, Essai de grammaire de la langue baguirmienne, sochiri ederede na okwu Baguirmien-French na French-Baguirmien, Paris, E. Leroux.
 KANZI-SOUSSOU C., 1985, Essai de phonologie de la langue kara de Birao, Mahadum Bangui (Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines).
 KANZI-SOUSSOU C., 1992, Le verbe en fer (kara), Étude morphologique et syntaxique du verbe dans une langue centrafricaine, Mahadum Paris X-Nanterre (Department of Linguistics).
 KEEGAN J., 1996 (2nd ed.), (ya na M. NANGBAYE na B. MANADJI TOLKOM), Dictionary of Mbay, Munich-Newcastle, Lincom Europa.
 KILPATRICK E., 1985, Bongo Phonology, Akwụkwọ Oge ụfọdụ na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Sudanese, 4, 1-62.
 MALBRANT R., 1952 (2nd mbipụta.), Faune du Centre Africain français (Mammifères et Oiseaux), Paris, Lechevalier (Encyclopédie Biologique XV).
 NDOKO B.R., 1991, Esquisse phonologique du lútò, Mahadum Bangui (Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines).
 NOUGAYROL P., 1999, Les parlers gula (Centrafrique, Sudan, Chad), Grammaire et lexique, Paris, CNRS Éditions.
 PALAYER P., 1970, (ya na M. FOURNIER na E. MOUNDO), Éléments de grammaire sar (Tchad), Lyon-Fort-Archambault, Afrique et Langage-Collège Charles Lwanga (Études linguistiques 2).
 PALAYER P., 1989, La langue sar (sud du Tchad), Tours, Mahadum nke Tours, 2 mpịakọta.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 PALAYER P., 2004, (ya na A. GOUDJA KODNGARGUE na Ch. VANDAME), Dictionnaire關, Louvain-Paris, Peeters (A&L 6).
 PALAYER P., 2006, (ya na M. SOLEKAYE), Dictionnaire démé (Tchad). N'ihu ya, ihe odide ụtọ asụsụ, Louvain-Paris, Peeters (A&L 10).
 PARKER K., 1985, Baka Phonology, Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages, 4, 63-85.
 PERSSON A.M. na J.R. PERSSON, 1991, Modo-English Dictionary with Grammar, Nairobi, SIL.
 SAMPSON D.L., 1997, Mmelite na Baka Phonology na Orthography, dị ka nke 1996, Akwụkwọ Oge ụfọdụ na Ọmụmụ asụsụ Sudanese, 7, 114-120.
 SANTANDREA St., 1963, A Concise Grammar Outline of the Bongo language, Rome, Sodality of St. Peter Claver.
 SAXON Douglas E., 1980, The History of the Shari River Basin ca. 500 BC-1000 AD, Los Angeles, Mahadum California.
 SCHWEINFURTH G., 1873, Linguistische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Centralafrika, Mgbakwunye na Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (1872), Berlin, Wiegandt na Hempel.
 SCHWEINFURTH G., 1875, Au cœur de l'Afrique, 1868-1871, Voyages et découvertes dans les régions unexplorées de l'Ascenne Centrale Africa, Paris, Hachette, Mpịakọta 1.
 STEVENSON R.C., 1969, Bagirmi Grammar, Mahadum nke Khartoum (Linguistic Monograph Series 3).
 VANDAME Ch., 1968, Grammaire, Lyon, Afrique et Langage (Études linguistiques 2).

 Ederede edebeghị

 BOYELDIEU P., Okwu 'barma (baguirmien).
 BOYELDIEU P., Okwu Okwu Kaba nke Paoua.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 FÉDRY J., Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Inventory Linguistique : kulfa.
 FÉDRY J., Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Inventory Linguistique : 'dem.
 FÉDRY J., Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Inventory Linguistique : tiye.
 NOUGAYROL P., Okwu Bongo.
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 NOUGAYROL P., Ihe odide banyere wada.

 Ntuaka 

 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkwupụta nke asụsụ Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (n'ịntanetị). (PDF)
 Blench (2000)

 Mpụga njiko 

 Sara-Bagirmi Language Project, nkọwa zuru ezu nke Sara-Bagferm Languages (nke ochie)
 Ndepụta nke Proto-Sara Bongo reconstructions
 Ndepụta Proto-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi Swadesh (Boyeldieu)