H. L. Gold

link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Galaxy_195910.jpg/220px-Galaxy_195910.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Gold na nwanne ya nwoke Floyd, na-ede dị ka "Christopher Grimm", were mkpuchi nke mbipụta Ọktoba 1959 nke Galaxy na akwụkwọ akụkọ ha "Someone To Watch Over Me"
Horace Leonard Gold bụ onye amuru n' ọnwa Epril na ụbọchị nke iri abụọ na isii , na afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri na anọ,, ya anwụọ na onwa Febrụwarị, n' ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu, na afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri itoolu na isii, bụ onye odee nke science fiction nke mba Amerịka ma bụrụ kwa ọka odee. Amuru ya na mba Kanada Gold gara mba nke United States mgbe ọgbara afọ abụọ . Amara ya nke ọma maka iwe bata iihe azụ chara nke  ọma ya na ụzọ ọhụrụ na science fiction. Mgbe ọ bụ onye ọ dee nke Galaxy Science Fiction, ma ọ dere nwa Mak DC Comics.

 Ndụ na ezinụlọ 
H. L. Gold bụ onye Juu, a na-ekwukwa na ọ ga-ede akwụkwọ na mbụ n'okpuru aha nzuzo n'ihi na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-atụ egwu na ndị na'agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike imegide ndị Juu. E debara aha ya na ndị agha US n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na-eje ozi na Pacific theater of Operations. Alụmdi na nwunye ya na Evelyn Stein kwụsịrị na ịgba alụkwaghịm na 1957, alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ ya bụ Muriel "Nicky" (Nicholson) Conley. Ọ nwụrụ na 1996.

Nwanne ya nwoke Floyd C. Gold, na-ede akwụkwọ n'okpuru aha mkpịsị aka Floyd C. Gale, bụ onye isi na-enyocha akwụkwọ maka Galaxy site na 1955-1963. Nwa ya nwoke E. J. Gold bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye edemede, onye na-eti egwu na otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwuregwu n'ịntanetị.

 Onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ 

 Akụkọ sayensị 
Mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Galaxy Gold dere na dị ka "nwatakịrị nwoke mara mma" ọ "chọtara akụkọ sayensị na 1927, mgbe ọ dị afọ 13": [1]

During the 1930s, Gold unsuccessfully wrote stories for pulp magazines. The day he was fired from his regular job because his boss believed that a writer should not work as a busboy, Gold learned that he had made his first sale. Beginning with "Inflexure" (as Clyde Crane Campbell) in Astounding Science Fiction (October 1934), Gold later worked for Standard Magazines, Fawcett Comics and Timely Comics. He used the Campbell pen-name for his first half-dozen or so stories in 1934/35.  When he resumed his writing career in 1938 he took the billing Horace L. Gold, but soon shortened it to the now more familiar H. L. Gold.

Akụkọ Gold kachasị ama na-elekwasị anya na nrọ efu, dị ka "Nsogbu na Mmiri" (1939). N'afọ 1939-41 ọ bụ osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ na magazin atọ nke akụkọ sayensị - Captain Future, Thrilling Wonder Stories na Startling Stories. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke afọ 1939, None But Lucifer in Unknown (September 1939) bụ njikọ aka ya na L. Sprague de Camp.

 Comics na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ 
N'oge mmalite afọ 1940, Gold sonyeere Kendell Foster Crossen na edemede akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị, na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na DC Comics na-ede maka Batman, Superman, Superboy, Boy Commandos na Wonder Woman site na "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ njedebe nke 1942" ruo mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya. E debara aha ya na 1944, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye Canada, ụkwụ dị larịị, oke afọ ma nwee nwa a mụrụ ọhụrụ. Ọ laghachiri na ezumike ọmịiko (ma eleghị anya na Mee 1946) ka ọ nọrọ n'akụkụ àkwà nna ya Henry na Fall River, Massachusetts. Biography by Joe Desris, in Batman Archives, Volume 3 (DC Comics, 1994), p. 223  E nyere ya onye nduzi nke Armed Forces Radio mgbe agha gasịrị, nke ọ jụrụ. Mgbe o jere ozi, ọ laghachiri New York City, ebe o dere maka akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị na mmemme redio. Akụkọ Gold "The Old Die Rich" (Galaxy Science Fiction, March 1953), nke e dere n'otu oge ahụ dị ka Marcia Davenport's My Brother's Keeper, nwere ike ịbụ na akụkọ New York Times banyere ụmụnne Collyer dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Davenport. Gold na-ahụkarị echiche akụkọ na mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ.

 Ụyọkọ kpakpando na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ 
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HL_Gold_Amazing_5304.jpg/220px-HL_Gold_Amazing_5304.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Gold dị ka egosiri na Amazing Stories na 1953.
H. L. Gold bụ ma eleghị anya onye a maara nke ọma dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin na-eduga n'oge akụkọ sayensị sayensị nke America mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. N'afọ 1949, ọ malitere n'ụzọ ahụ, wee malite Galaxy Science Fiction n'afọ 1950, nke n'oge na-adịghị anya, magazin fantasy ibe ya, Beyond Fantasy Fiction (1953-155) sochiri.

Gold's Galaxy "mere mmetụta dị egwu n'ụwa nke akụkọ sayensị", onye nọchiri Frederik Pohl kwuru na 1965, na "amamihe na mkpa"; "Ọ na-esiri ike ikwubiga okwu ókè na mmetụta ahụ". Ụfọdụ ndị edemede hụrụ Gold dị ka "ụdị onye na-edu ohu" mana, Pohl kwuru, "dị ka otu n'ime ndị ohu a na-eti ihe ugboro ugboro ... nsonaazụ ya bara uru". Site na Galaxy Gold mepụtara ụdị akụkọ sayensị dị iche iche site n'ilekwasị anya na teknụzụ, ngwaike na njem pulp. Kama nke ahụ, o webatara isiokwu ndị na-adabere na sociology, psychology na satire. Ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị n'oge ahụ ma nwee uru na ọtụtụ ndị edemede nwere nkà ahapụla John W. Campbell n'ihi ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ya maka Dianetics.

Gold dezigharịrị ọtụtụ anthologies (1952 Xi62) metụtara magazin ahụ. Ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmụba agoraphobia (nke sitere na nsogbu agha), wee laa ezumike nká na Galaxy na 1961 n'ihi nsogbu ahụike ya. Gold biri ndụ ya fọdụrụ na nzuzo, ọ bụ ezie na o bipụtara akụkọ mkpirikpi na nchịkọta akụkọ ndị ọbịa site na mmalite afọ 1980.

 Akụkọ ndị a chịkọtara 
Nchịkọta ya The Old Die Rich (Crown, 1955) gụnyere "And Three to Get Ready", "At the Post", "The Biography Project" (dị ka Dudley Dell), "Don't Take It to Heart", "Hero", "Love in the Dark" (nke a makwaara dị ka "Love Ethereal"), "Man of Parts", "The Man with English", "No Charge for Alterations", "The Old Die Rich", "Problem in Murder" na "Trouble with Water". Ọ bụ ezie na Anthony Boucher toro Gold dị ka "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye edemede s.f. nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ndabere dị ala na nke dị ala," ọ chọpụtara na akụkọ ndị ahụ "erughị ụkpụrụ nke nka" nke Gold setịpụrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ."Recommended Reading," F&SF, August 1955, p.94.

 Onyinye 

 1953 - Hugo maka Onye nchịkọta akụkọ Prozine kacha mma
 1975 - Ihe nrite Westercon Life Achievement Award
 1987 - Ihe nrite Milford

 Akwụkwọ 

 Akụkọ Ndị Nke Dị Mkpirikpi 

 "Inflexure", Astounding Science Fiction (October 1934)
 "Nsogbu Mmiri" (1939)
 "The Old Die Rich", Galaxy Science Fiction (March 1953)
 "Onye ga-ele anya n'elu m" (ya na Floyd Gold), Galaxy Science Fiction (Ọktoba 1959)
 "Inside Man", Galaxy Science Fiction, October 1965
 "The Transmogrification of Wamba's Revenge", Galaxy, October 1967
 "Ọgaranya nke ihere", Galaxy, Eprel 1968
 "The Villains from Vega IV" (ya na E. J. Gold), Galaxy, October 1968
 "Na Atọ ka Ịkwadebe"
 "N'akwụkwọ ozi"
 "Ejila ya n'obi"
 "Onye dike"
 "Ịhụnanya n'ọchịchịrị"
 "Nwoke nke Akụkụ"
 "Nwoke ahụ nwere Bekee"
 "Enweghị ebubo maka mgbanwe"
 "Nsogbu na igbu ọchụ"
 "Nsogbu Mmiri"

 Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

 Ihe Ọdịdị (1938)
 Ọ dịghị onye ma ọ bụghị Lucifer (ya na L. Sprague de Camp) (1939)

 Nchịkọta 

 Ihe edeturu 

 Ebemsidee 

 The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, peeji nke 505X506.

 Hụkwa 
Egwu Agoraphobia

 Njikọ mpụga 






 Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo 

 X Minus One: mgbanwe nke H. L. Gold's "The Old Die Rich"
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations