Alf Kumalo

Alfred Khumalo (n'ubochí isé n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1930 rụọ úbọchị irí abụọ n'otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Alf Kumalo, bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ede foto na South Africa.

 Nchịkọta 
A mụrụ Kumalo na Utrecht nso Newcastle na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal . O buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche wee bido ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya n'ihe banyere mbipụta dị iche iche, na-ere foto ya ebe o nwere ike. Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ maka Bantu World.

N'afọ 1956, ọ chọtara ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na Golden City Post ma mesịa nata ọrụ site na The Star, akwụkwọ akụkọ South Africa kwa ụbọchị, magazin Drum, na akwụkwọ mba ụwa dị ka The New York Times. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese foto nke jidere ogbugbu Sharpeville n'ubochí irí abụọ n'otu n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1960.

N'afọ 1963, ógè ọ na-arụ ọrụ banyere Drum, a họpụtara ya na Harry Mashabela ka ha gaa gbaa akụkọ màkà ụmụ akwụkwọ Afrịka na mba Iron Curtain. Ha abụọ mere ihu akwụkwọ nke mbipụta ọzọ nke magazin ahụ, "Ndị na-aṅụ mmanya na-aga Europe".

Ógè ọ nọ na London, ọ gbara Cassius Clay ajụjụ ọnụ wee chọpụta na ọ meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na asọmpi foto. Ihe nrite ahụ bụ ụgbọ ala Austin Cambridge. David Hazelhurst, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Drum, gbara Kumalo ume ịbanye.

Kumalo jiri aha Africa ya Mangaliso Dukuza mee ihe n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ka ikpe ahụ bụrụ nke na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na nke aha ya na-emetụtaghị ya. Star bipụtara foto ya na onyinye ya na ihu ya. "Ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii kwuru màkà ya ọtụtụ ụbọchị ógè nke ahụ gasịrị, n'ihi na n'ụbọchị ndị ahụ ha ga-abanye n'ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọcha ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ ndị ohi. "

N'agbanyeghị atụmanya nke ijide ya ma wakpo ya, Kumalo nọgidere na-ese foto, mgbe ụfọdụ na-efu onwe ya. David Hazelhurst chetara:Otu ụbọchị n'ime afọ 1963, ógè m bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin Drum, Alf Khumalo màkà n'ọfịs m na-ebu foto. O gosipụtara onye uwe ojii siri ike na-agba ụkwụ n'etiti ụkwụ onye nta akụkọ Harry Mashabela site n'azụ. Nke a bụ ike nke ịgba ụkwụ ị nwere ike ịhụ ọdịdị buutu ya na-agbawa site n'ihu uwe Mashabela.

Ọ bụ afọ nke jackboot nke John Vorster, habeas corpus apụọla, ụbọchị iri itoolu nke njide na-enweghị ikpe nyere ndị uwe ojii ikike igbu na ịwakpo n'azụ ọnụ ụzọ mechiri emechi na enweghị ntaramahụhụ.

Ndị uwe ojii kpọrọ ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-ese foto asị karịsịa, n'ihi na foto ha gosipụtara eziokwu banyere usoro ọjọọ, na Kumalo, n'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị, nwere ike ịpịa ya ihe siri ike iji were foto Mashabela. Ọ gbalịrị ire ya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma ọ nweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.Hazelhurst gbasapụrụ foto ahụ gafee peeji abụọ nke Drum.

Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Kumalo sere foto ma dekọọ Ụfọdụ n'ime oge akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere anya South Africa. Ndị a gụnyere Trial Treason, Rivonia Trial, mpụta nke Black Consciousness, Student Uprising nke afọ1976 na okwu Codesa. Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ oge nke njide, njide na mmekpa ahụ nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị.

Ọrụ ya apụtala na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa dị ka The Observer, The New York Times, New York Post, na Sunday Independent. N'ógbè ahụ, ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka magazin Drum na Rand Daily Mail.

Iji nyere ọgbọ na-abịanụ nke ndị na-ese foto South Africa aka, Kumalo meghere ụlọ akwụkwọ foto na Diepkloof Soweto na 2002. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyere ọmụmụ ọnwa itoolu iji zụọ ndị na-ese foto si n'ebe ndị ogbenye.

Ọ nwụrụ n'ubochí irí abụọ n'otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012.

 Akwụkwọ 

 Mandela: Echoes of an era / nke Kumalo; ederede nke Es'kia Mphahlele, Penguin, 1990,  
 Alf Kumalo: Onye na-ese foto South Africa, Itala Vivan na Kumalo, Leonardo arte,  
 Site na My Lens: A Photographic Memoir, Kumalo, ederede nke Tanya Farber, 2009,  
 8115: A Prisoner's Home, Kumalo; ederede site na Zukiswa Wanner, Penguin, 2010,  

 Ihe ngosi 

 Ihe ngosi onwe onye 

 2004 Nzukọ nke 59 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na New York City Nchịkọta nke ọrụ ndụ ya Ihe ngosi ahụ nwetara otuto dị ukwuu
 2012 - The Struggle Continues - Sibisi Gallery - Nchịkọta foto nke Soweto Uprising. Ihe ngosi meghere na June 16 (Youth Day, South Africa).

 Ihe ngosi ìgwè 

 2001 Akụkọ ifo South Africa Foto sitere na 1950s (nke Alf Khumalo, Ernest Cole na Jürgen Schadeberg). Isi ihe ngosi ahụ bụ nnupụisi ụmụ akwụkwọ nke 1976. Nke a gụnyere ụfọdụ ọrụ Peter Magubane.
 2002 Shot Resistance: South African Photography 1976 Shot 1994 Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara oge ọgba aghara nke malitere na nnupụisi Soweto nke ụmụ akwụkwọ duziri na 1976 wee ruo n'ókè na ọdịda nke ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na iwebata ntuli aka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1994. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ foto Kumalo, Jürgen Schadeberg na Peter Magubane.
 2006 Midia: Public and Private Nelson Mandela Foundation, Johannesburg. Ọrụ nke ndị na-ese foto Kumalo na Jürgen Schadeberg. Foto Schadeberg bụ nke foto ọha na eze nke Mandela site na 1950s, n'oge Defiance Campaign na tupu ịtụ Mandela mkpọrọ, ebe nke Kumalo bụ nke ndụ onwe onye nke Mandela, ọkachasị nke ezinụlọ ya. E sere ọtụtụ n'ime foto Kumalo nke ezinụlọ Mandela na-eto eto, iji zigara Mandela n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

 Onyinye 

 2004 South African Order of Ikhamanga in Silver maka "onyinye magburu onwe ya na foto na akwụkwọ akụkọ na South Africa".
 2005 South African National Editors Forum "Nat Nakasa Award for Media Integrity" maka igosipụta "ọrụ mgbasa ozi obi ike n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ".

 Edensibia 

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