Ayi Kwei Armah

Ayi Kwei Armah (a mụrụ 28 Ọktoba 1939) bu onye odee onye Ghana kacha mara amara maka akwukwo ya gunyere ndi mara mma amurughi (1968), puku oge abuo (1973) na The Healers (1978). Ọ bụkwa onye edemede, tinyekwara agụ uri, mkpirisi akụkọ na akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka. 

 Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Ayi Kwei Armah na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Sekondi-Takoradi na Ghana nye ndị nne na nna na-asụ Fante, na-agbada n'akụkụ nna ya site na ezinụlọ eze na mba Ga .  Site na 1953 ruo 1958 Armah gara Prince of Wales's College (nke a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka Achimota School ), wee nweta akwụkwọ mmụta iji mụọ na United States, ebe ọ nọ n'etiti 1959 na 1963. Siga Fatima Jagne and Pushpa Naidu Parekh (eds), "Ayi Kwei Armah (1939–)", in Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, Routledge, 1998, p. 45. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Groton na Groton, MA, wee gaa mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ nwetara nzere na sociology . Ọ kwagara Algeria wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị maka magazin Révolution Africaine . N'afọ 1964, ọ laghachiri Ghana, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ede edemede maka Television Ghana ma mesịa kụziere Bekee na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Navrongo.

N'agbata 1967 na 1968, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin Jeune Afrique na Paris. Site na 1968 ruo 1970, Armah gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia, nweta MFA ya na edemede okike. N'afọ ndị 1970, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na East Africa, na College of National Education, Chang'ombe, Tanzania, na National University of Lesotho . O mechara kụzie na Mahadum Massachusetts dị na Amherst, Mahadum Cornell, na Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison . Ọ bi na Dakar, Senegal, kemgbe afọ 1980.

N'obodo Popenguine, ihe dị ka kilomita iri asaa site na Dakar, o guzobere ụlọ mbipụta nke ya, Per Ankh: African Publication Collective, nke akwụkwọ nke ya dị ugbu a."Ayi Kwei Armah (1939–)", Books and Writers."Welcome to Per Ankh Publishers". Per Ankh Books.

 Mbipụta 
Na malite ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede na 1960s, Armah bipụtara uri na obere akụkọ na magazin Ghana Okyeame, na Harper's Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, na New African. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, na 1968, ma na-akọ akụkọ banyere otu nwoke na-enweghị aha nke na-agbasi mbọ ike ime ka onwe ya na eziokwu nke Ghana mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị.

Na Fragments (1970), onye isi, Baako, bụ "been-to" - nwoke gara United States ma nweta agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ebe ahụ. Na Ghana, a na-ele ya anya dịka onye na-atụ egwu nkwenkwe ụgha dị ka njikọ na ndụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Nne nne Baako bụ Naana, onye ìsì, na-eguzo na mmekọrịta dị ndụ na ndị nna nna. N'okpuru nrụgide nke atụmanya a na-emezughị, Baako mechara kwụsị. Dị ka ọ dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Armah gosipụtara ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụwa abụọ nke ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya na ụkpụrụ omume, nrụrụ aka na nrọ, ụwa abụọ nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Why Are We So Blest? (1972) e mere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mahadum America, ma lekwasị anya na nwa akwụkwọ, Modin Dofu, onye kwụsịrị Harvard. Modin nwere nkụda mmụọ dị n'etiti nnwere onwe na ụkpụrụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọ na-ezute onye isi ojii nke Portuguese nke Afrịka aha ya bụ Solo, onye nwere nkụda mmụọ, na nwa agbọghọ ọcha America, Aimée Reitsch. Solo, onye edemede a jụrụ ajụ, na-edebe akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke bụ isi ihe dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Obi nkoropụ nke Aimée na nrara ya nye mgbanwe ahụ na-eduga n'ikpeazụ na mbibi, mgbe ndị OAS na-eme mgbanwe gburu Modin n'ọzara.

Azụmahịa ohu nke Atlantic na Africa bụ isiokwu nke Armah's Two Thousand Seasons (1973), nke olu obodo dị iche iche na-ekwu okwu site na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa, oge mmiri na akọrọ ya, site na oge otu puku afọ. A na-egosi ndị Arab na ndị Europe na-emegbu mmadụ dị ka "ndị na-eri anụ," "ndị na-ebibi ihe," na "zombies". Edere akwụkwọ akụkọ a n'olu ihe atụ, ma gbanwee site na nkọwa gbasara ndụ na nkọwa ndị dị na ya gaa na ntụgharị uche na nkà ihe ọmụma, na-ebu amụma banyere oge ọhụrụ.

The Healers (1978) gwakọtara eziokwu na akụkọ ifo banyere ọdịda nke Alaeze Ukwu Ashanti. Ndị na-agwọ ọrịa a na-ekwu okwu ha bụ ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala na-ahụ nkewa dị ka ọrịa na-egbu egbu nke Africa.

Armah gbachiri nkịtị dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ruo ogologo oge ruo n'afọ 1995, mgbe o bipụtara Osiris Rising, na-egosi otu mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ dị egwu nke na-eweghachi Ijipt oge ochie n'etiti usoro ọmụmụ ya.

N'ịbụ onye ọgbọ nke ndị edemede Afrịka mgbe Chinua Achebe na Wole Soyinka gasịrị, e kwuru na Armah "na-egosipụta oge obi nkoropụ siri ike".Robert Fraser, The Novels of Ayi Kwei Armah, Heinemann, 1980. Ọrụ Armah mechara mee ka ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ meghachi omume siri ike. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọ Two Thousand Seasons na-adịghị mma ma na-ekwu okwu, ma ọ bụ ihe sitere na "nkà ihe ọmụma nke paranoia, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ - na nkenke, Negritude mụrụ ọzọ" Soyinka dere na ọhụụ Armah "na-eme onwe ya na nkà ihe ọmụma a gbazinyere na nchọta ya maka ịdị n'otu, na-eme ka mmadụ dị mma maka mmadụ dị iche. "Bernth Lindfors, in Derek Wright (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Ayi Kwei Armah, 1992, p. 271.Wole Soyinka, Myth, Literature and the African World, 1976, p. 110.

Dị ka onye edemede, Armah ekwuola banyere njirimara na nsogbu nke Afrịka. Nchegbu ya bụ maka ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ pan-Africa nke ga-anabata ọdịbendị na asụsụ niile dị iche iche nke kọntinent ahụ. Armah akpọọla oku ka a nabata Kiswahili dị ka asụsụ kọntinent.

 Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ a họọrọ 

 The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968; London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969, ISBN ; HEB paperback reprint, 1989,  )
 Fragments (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970; London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1974; HEB paperback reprint, 1975,  )
 Gịnị mere anyị ji dị mma? (New York: Doubleday, 1972; London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1974; HEB paperback reprint, 1985,  )
 Two Thousand Seasons (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1973; London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1979; Chicago: Third World Press, 1979)
 The Healers (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1978; London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1979,  ; Popenguine, Senegal: Per Ankh, 2000)
 Osiris Rising (Popenguine, Senegal: Per Ankh, 1995)
 KMT: Ụlọ nke Ndụ (2002)
 The Resolutionaries (Per Ankh, 2013)

Maka ụmụaka

 Hieroglyphics for Babies, Per Ankh, 2002 (ya na Aboubacry Mousa Lam)

Ihe na-abụghị akụkọ ifo

 The Eloquence of the Scribes: A Memoir on the Sources and Resources of African Literature, Popenguine, Senegal: Per Ankh, 2006"The Eloquence of the Scribes" at Per Ankh.
 Remembering the Dismembered Continent (essays), Per Ankh, 2010."Remembering the Dismembered Continent" at Per Ankh.

 Leekwa 


 Edemsibịa 

 Ọgụgụ ọzọ 

 Robert Fraser, The Novels of Ayi Kwei Armah, Heinemann, 1980.  ISBN 978-0435913014.
 Garry Gillard, "Narrative situation and ideology in five novels of Ayi Kwei Armah", Span: Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies, Number 33, 1992.
 Tommie L. Jackson, The Existential Fiction of Ayi Kwei Armah, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre, University Press of America, 1996,  .
 Leif Lorentzon, An African Focus - A Study of Ayi Kwei Armah's Narrative Africanization, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1998,  .
 Ode Ogede, Ayi Kwei Armah, Radical Iconoclast: Pitting Imaginary Worlds Against the Actual, Ohio University Press, 2000,  
 Derek Wright (ed.), Critical Perspective on Ayi Kwei Armah, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992,  .
 Derek Wright, Ayi Kwei Armah's Africa: The Sources of His Fiction, Hans Zell Publishers, 1989,  .
 Liu Zhang, "Looking for Ayi Kwei Armah", The Complete Review, Volume II, Issue 3, August 2001.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Molara Ogundipe, "A Sunday afternoon with Ayi Kwei Armah", The Liberator Magazine, August 2002.
 "An Evening with Ayi Kwei Armah (excerpt from transcript)," Assata Shakur Speaks.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations