Dolf Rieser

Dolf Rieser (1898-1983) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, ónyé na-ebi akwụkwọ, na ónyé nkuzi na South Africa.

 Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ 
A mụrụ Dolf Rieser na King William's Town, South Africa, ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Germany na Switzerland. N'afọ 1917, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École Polytechnique, Zürich, nweta diplọma na injinia ọrụ ugbo, mgbè ahụ site na 1918 ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na sayensị ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Lausanne. N'afọ 1923, ọ nyochara sayensị na Mahadum Munich, mgbè ọ na-amụ nka na Hans Hoffman. Rieser gụrụ akwụkwọ na "Atelier 17" na Paris na onye na-ese ihe na ónyé na'akwụkwọ na Britain bụ Stanley William Hayter (1901 Xi 888) na onye na na-ese akwụkwọ na Poland bụ Józef Hecht (1891 Xi 1951). N'afọ 1926, Hayter biri na Paris, ebe ọ debanyere áhà na Académie Julian ma mụọ ihe osise burin na nzuzo na Hecht, ónyé kụzikwaara Anthony Gross.

 Ọrụ 
Dolf Rieser sonyeere Hayter na 1928 mgbè ọ malitere iwere ụmụ akwụkwọ nkè yá wee rụọ ọrụ ruo 1940 na Atelier 17 (nke akpọrọ aha na 1933, site na nọmba okporo ámá nke ụlọ ọrụ Hayter na Rue Campagne-Première). Ntinye aka nke ogbako ahụ bụ usoro ọchịchị ónyé kwuo uche ya, na-agbasa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị France na-ese ihe site n'ịkwado usoro mmekorita maka ọrụ na nchọpụta teknụzụ. N'afọ 1929, Yves Tanguy na André Masson, tinyere ndị ọzọ Surrealists (gụnyere Picasso, Miró, Arp, Tanguy, Giacometti, Ernst, Trevelyan, Peterdi na Rieser), mèrè ka Hayter mará Surrealism, jikọtara ya na Atelier irí na asaa. Ọ haziri akwụkwọ mpịakọta iji nweta ego màkà ihe kpatara Spain, (gụnyere Solidarité (Paris, 1938), akwụkwọ mpịaka nke akwụkwọ mpịasị asaa, otu n'ime ha bụ nke Picasso), na Kandinsky nyere aka na Stephen Spender na Atelier 17 album ŌFraternité́ iji nweta ego iji nweta ụmụaka na-enweghị olileanya nke Agha Obodo Spain. Abụ Spender dị n'asụsụ Bekee nakwa na nsụgharị French nke Louis Aragon, otu ìgwè nke Kandinsky, Miro, Hayter, Hecht, Buckland-Wright, Husband, Mead, Rieser na Varas.

Ọ kwagara England iji sonye na agha na 1940, na 1945, mgbe ọ lụrụ di ọhụrụ, ọ laghachiri na ndụ ndị nkịtị, na-akụzi ihe ọmụmụ, ọmụmụ na nka, ébé ọ na-enyekwa nkuzi onwé ónyé na obibi akwụkwọ. N'afọ 1960, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Mahadum Cape Town na Johannesburg ka ọ kụzie okwu banyere isiokwu ahụ. N'ime afọ 1960, Rieser malitere ibipụta ihe na translucent fiber-glass panels na laminates. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe edere na akwa màkà Liberty. Ónyé otu Royal Society of Painter-Etchers, ọ webatara intaglio na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na Britain mgbè agha gasịrị. O sonyere na ihe ngosi otu n'ọtụtụ ebe na Europe na America, gụnyere Peggy Guggenheim's Gallery, 1939; Atelier 17 na New York na San Francisco, 1954. Ihe ngosi ya n'onwe ya bụ nke mba ụwa, gụnyere Galerie Bonjean, Paris, 1936; Zwemmer Gallery, 1956; ICA 1966, Lumley Cazalet, 1968; na David Paul Gallery, Chichester 1979. Victoria & Albert Museum, Imperial War Museum, Arts Council UK, National Gallery of Canada na New York Public Library nwere ọrụ ya.

 Njikọ mpụga 

 Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dolf Rieser
 Ụlọ ọrụ 17
 SW Hayter
 Mirror/Fraternite
 Marechal
 Art na Sayensị,Studio Vista 1973
 Akụkọ Abụọ nke Congo, Folio Society 1952
 Józef (Joseph) Hecht