Nje Korona

Nje Korona bụ ụmụ nje nke na-ebute ụmụ ọrịa dị iche iche tụmadị n'ụmụ anụmanụ nakwa nnụnụ.  Na mmadụ, nje korona na-ebute ihe ndi bekee kpọrọ respiratory tract infections nke nwere ike ịmalite dika obere ọria nkịtị wee ruo na-ịgbu mmadụ ọnwụọ. Obere ọria ndi a gụnyere oyi (bụ nke na- ebute ọria ndị ọzọ ọkachasị nke ndị oyibo kpọrọ rhinoviruses), ebe oke oyi nke na-ebute ọria ndi ọzọ na-egbu egbu  dika SARS, MERS, na COVID-19. Otu ọria si egosi na adị n'ụdị n'ụdị: n'ọkụkọ ọria na-ebute upper respiratory tract disease, mana n'ehi  na ezi ọ na-ebute  diarrhea. Ka ọdị ugbu a, enwebeghị ọgwụ mgbochi vaccines mọọbụ antiviral drugs maka igbochi maọbụ ịgwọ ọria nje korona n'ahụ mmadụ . 

Nje korona nwekwara subfamily  

Orthocoronavirinae, si n'ezinụlọ Coronaviridae, Nidovirales, nakwa Riboviria .   Ha  kpuchiri nje ndi nwere positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome   nakwa nucleocapsid  nke helical symmetry. The genome size  nke nje korona na-ebido ihe dika kilobases,iri abụọ, nje kacha bu nje nke akpọrọ RNA viruses.  Njiri mara ha bụ na ha na-enwe ogwu n'ahụ ha niile bụ nke na enwe electron micrographsnke a na-emepụta  inyinyo ha dika korona nke sitere n'anwụ ọchịcha a  kpọrọ solar corona    

 Nchọpụta 
Achọpụtara nje Korona n'afọ 1930 mgbe ọrịa nje na-efe efe nke ụmụ ọkụkọ gosiri na ọ bụ infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) na-ebute ya. N'afọ 1940, a chọpụtara anụmanụ abụọ ndị ọzọ, nwere ụdị nje korona a bụ nke nọpụrụ anọp<u>ụ</u> akpọrọ mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) nakwa transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),  .  

Achọpụtara nje korona nke na-aria mmadụ nafọ 1960s.  Ndị mbụ mụrụ maka nje korona a bụ site na ndi mmadụ na-aria oyi nkiti bụ nke emechara  kpọọ  human coronavirus 229E na human coronavirus OC43.  Achọpụtakwara Nje Korona ndị ọzọ bu nke na- arịa ndi mmadụ, ha gụnyere SARS-CoV n'afọ 2003, HCoV NL63 n'afọ 2004, HKU1 n'afọ 2005, MERS-CoV n'afọ 2012, nakwa SARS-CoV-2 n'afọ 2019.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ọria ndị a ebutela ọrịa akpọrọ respiratory tract infections.  bụ nke na-efe efe na-ef.  

 Ọmụmụ 
.Aha a bụ "coronavirus" sitere n'asụsụ Latin corona, nke putara "okpueze" ma ọ bụ "wreath", bụ nke agbazitere n'asụsụ ndị Greek κορώνη  nke ha kpọrọ korṓnē, "garland, wreath".   A kpọrọ aha nje korona  a mbụ n'afọ 1968 ọ bụ ndị otu na-ahụ maka ịgwọ ọria nje dị iche iche mere nke n'ime akwụkwọ jonalụ akpọrọ Nature nke bụ iji wee gosipụta  ezinaaụlọ nje di iche iche.   Aha a na-egosi njiri mara nke virions ( bụ nje na-eme oji efe efe) site na nyocha nke electron microscopy, bụ nke na-egosi ụdịdị nje a dika okpu eze maọbụ solar corona.  Ụdịdịmorphology pụtara ihe na ogwu ogwu  nke akpọrọ peplomers, na-ejupụta na  proteins n'ahụ/ihu nje a. 

 Nhazi 
alt=Cross-sectional model of a coronavirus|thumb|  usoro ọnụnọ nke nje korona 
Nje korona bụ nnukwu pleomorphic nwere kịrị kịrị ihe dika bọlụ  na- etupụta n'ihu ya. Kịrịkịrị bọlụ ndi a di ya n' ahụ di ihe dika  dayamita  otu nari na iri abụọ (120 nm)/ (.12 μm). Dayamita nke na-ekpuchi ya di iri asatọ  ~80 nm (.08 μm) ebe ihe dika ogwu di ya n'ahụ di iri abụọ ~20 nm (.02 μm) n'ogologo. Ihe na-ekpuchi nje a na-egosi dika okpokoro miri emi nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ electron dense shells.

Ihe a kpuchiri  nje a gụnyere lipid bilayer ebe membrane (M), envelope (E) na spike (S) structural proteins na anọ. Ụfọdụ nje Korona (tụmadị ndi si n'otu betacoronavirus subgroup A) nwekwara ahụ ogwu nke akpọrọ hemagglutinin esterase  .

N'ime ihe a na-ekpuchi nje a e nwere ihe akpọrọnucleocapsid,  bụ nke na- amụba  site n' ụdị ọnọdụ beads-on-a-string .
ọ bụ ihe ọnọdụ mkpuchi a , membrance protein,na nucleocapsid na-echedo nje a mgbe ọ na anọghị n'ahụ mmadụ maọbụ nke anụmanụ.

 Genome 
Coronaviruses nwere            positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.  genome size nke nje korona bidoro na kilobases iri abụọ na isii na ụma anọ wee ruo na iri atọ na otu na ụma asaa. Nke a so n'otu nje RNA si n'ezinaụlọ genome kacha ibu.. Genome nwere  nke ndị oyibo kpọrọ methylated cap ise na polyadenylated tail. atọ.  

Nhazi ụdịdị  genome maka nje korona gụnyere 5′-leader-UTR ha bụ spike (S)-envelope (E)-membrane (M)-nucleocapsid (N)-3′UTR-poly (A) tail. Mkpughe nke ọgụgụ frame ya bụ 1a na 1b nke a mejupụtara okara atọ nke UTR ise ahụ bụ nke mebere nonstructural proteins.  

Ihe anọ ndị a mechara mejupụta ụdidị protin , ha bụ ogwu(spike), envelope, membrane,nakwa nucleocapsid. akọrọngwa ndia nakwa ọrụ ha na-arụgasi dị iche iche na-esite n'ụdị nje korona.  

 Obibi ndụ nje Korona 

 Ntinye 
Ofufe Ọrịa a na-amalite mgbe ogwu ya (viral spike (S) gbasara wee nyado n'ahụ onye o fere, .  

Mgbe ọ ịbanye n' ahụ onye bu ya, kịrị kịrị nje dị uncoated, na genome na-adanye n'ime cell cytoplasm. Dịka anyị kwuru na mbụ gbasara ọnọdụ nje a, na o nwere 5′ methylated cap na 3′ polyadenylated tail, bụ nke na enyere ogwu nje a aka ịnyado n;ahụ onye bu ya.  

 Menwogharị 
Ọtụtụ ihe nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ nonstructural proteins biakọtara ọnụ wee mebe ihe akpọrọ multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC). Isi sekpụ ntị na  replicase-transcriptase protein bụ RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Ọ bụ ihe ndia na ọnọdụ na ihe ndia na-ebute mmụba nje a mgbe ọ nọ n'ahụ onye maọbụ ihe bu ya.  

Otu n'ime ọrụ ihe ndị mebere nje a bụ ịmụnwogharị maọbụ ịmụba ''viral genome''.  RdRp dika anyị tulere na mbụ na ebu n'obi  synthesis iji gosi ndi iche di n'etiti ( negative-sense genomic RNA) na (positive-sens genomic RNA). 

 Nzipụ 
Mmekorita nke ogwu nje korona na emejupụta host cell recepto bụ isi sekpụ nti n'igosipụta tissue tropism, infectivity, na species range nke nje a. Ọmumaatụ bụ na SARS coronavirus, na-efe mmadụ site na-inyado naihe a kpọrọ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.  .           

 Okike/Ụdịdị 
Aha sayensi kpọrọ nje korona  bụ Orthocoronavirinae ma ọbu Coronavirinae . Nje korona sitere n'ezinaaụlọCoronaviridae, Nidovirales nakwa Riboviria. E kewara ha na alphacoronaviruses na betacoronaviruses bụ ndị nke na-efe mmadụ ebe gammacoronaviruses na deltacoronaviruses  na-efe ụmụ nnụnụ .  

 Genus: Alphacoronavirus 
 Ụdị ya dị iche iche 
 Human coronavirus 229E, Human coronavirus NL63, Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1, Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2, Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512  
 Genus Betacoronavirus ; Nextstrain, phylogenetic tree of Beta-CoV 
 Ụdi: Murine coronavirus dị iche iche 
 Betacoronavirus 1 (Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Hedgehog coronavirus 1 (EriCoV)
 Genus Gammacoronavirus; type species: Infectious bronchitis virus
 Species: Beluga whale coronavirus SW1, Infectious bronchitis virus
 Genus Deltacoronavirus; type species: Bulbul coronavirus HKU11
 Species: Bulbul coronavirus HKU11, Porcine coronavirus HKU15
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