Nana Asma’u

Nana Asma'u (aha ya niile: Nana Asma'u bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo, Arabic    ; 1793-1864) bụ nwa eze , ode uri , onye nkụzi , na nwa nwanyị nke onye guzobere Sokoto Caliphate , Usman dan Fodio .  Ọ bụ onye a na-asọpụrụ na mgbago ugwu Nigeria .  Ụfọdụ na-ahụ ya dịka onye eji ame ihe atụ agụm akwụkwọ ma nnwere onwe nke ndị inyom na o kwere omume n'okpuru Islam , na ndị ọzọ dị ka otu ndi bidoro Feminism n' Africa.

 Biografii 
A mụrụ Nana Asma'u ihe dị ka afọ 11 tupu Fulani Agha (1804-08), a kpọkwara ya Asma bint Abi Bakr , onye enyi nke Onye Amụma Muslim.  Nwa nke Sufi -inspired na Fuluve -led Sokoto Caliphate bụ onye nchọpụta na nwanne nwanyi nke Muhammed Bello (Sultan nke Sokoto nke abụọ), ọ nọkarichara ndi niile chọpụtara Caliphate, na-eme ka o buru isi ihe nduzi nye ndị ọchichi  n'ọdịnihu.  Site na 1805, ndị otu Caliph bịara bụrụ ndị a ma ama, gụnyere ndị ikwu nwanyị Caliph.  Mgbe Nana Asma'u ghọrọ onye a ma ama, ụmụnne ya nwanyị bụ Myram na Fatima, na ndị nwunye Caliph bụ Aisha na Hawwa kpara ezigbo ike n' ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na steeti ọhụrụ ahụ.  Dị ka nna ya, a kụziiri ya ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị na Qur'an , ma tinye ya n'ọrụ mmụta zuru ụwa ọnụ.  Dị ka ihe atụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Qadiriyyah Sufi, dan Fodio na ndị na-eso ụzọ ya mesiri ike ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma, karịsịa nke Sunnah , ihe nlereanya nke onye amụma Muhammad .  Iji mụta na-enweghị nkuzi, ha chere na ọ bụ ihe efu.  Ya mere, Nana Asma'u kwadoro, karịsịa, mmụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Muslim.  Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ezinụlọ ya, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ede akwụkwọ. 

 Onye edemede na onye ndụmọdụ 
Ọ maara akwụkwọ na klas nke mba Arab na nke oge ochie, na-asụkwa asụsụ anọ ( Arabic , asụsụ Fula , Hausa na Tamacheq Tuareg ), Ọha na Eze maara Nana Asma'u dịka ọkà mmụta kachasị elu na ala ndị Alakụba kachasị mma na West Africa, nke mere ka o nwee ohere iji kwekọọ ọnụ.  David Westerlund dere, sị: "Ọ nọgidere bụrụ ihe na-akpali akpali ruo ugbu a." Mary Wren Bivins, Na-akọ Akụkọ, Ime Akụkọ: Ụmụ nwanyị, Okwu na Islam na Narị Afọ Iri Hausaland na Sokoto Caliphate . London: Heinemann, 2007.   Ọ hụrụ ọtụtụ agha nke AghaF ulani ma dee banyere ahụmahụ ya na akụkọ gbasara Wakar Gewaye , "njem".  Dika Sokoto Caliphate malitere dika omuma omenala na okpukperechi okpukpe, ihe odide nke ndi ndu nwere ebe puru iche nke ndi ozo ma ndi ochichi ma chia, puru ime ka ha di.  Ọ ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ nye nwanne ya nwoke mgbe o werela Caliphate, edekwaara ndị gọọmenti na ndị na-amụrụ ndị isi mba ọzọ akwụkwọ ntụziaka. 

 Ode Abụ 
N'etiti ya ihe karịrị ọrụ di ndụ ruru 60 e dere ihe karịrị afọ 40, Nana Asma'u hapụrụ otu nnukwu  uri Arabic, asụsụ Fula na Hausa, niile edere na edemede Arabic. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana ha na-agụnye ume, mkpu, na ndụmọdụ.  Ndụmọdụ nduzi ya dị iche iche ghọrọ ihe eji eme ihe maka ịkụziri ụkpụrụ ntọala nke Caliphate.  Asma'u jikọrọ aka na Muhammed Bello , nke abụọ Caliph.  Ọrụ ya na-agụnye ma gbasaa agbasapụ ike dan Fodio siri ike banyere ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị na ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ime echiche obodo nke Sunnah na iwu Islam .  

 Nkụzi ụmụ nwanyị 
Ọrụ ndi ọzọ dị nke Asma'u e dere dere na-emetụta akwụkwọ nkuzi nke Islam: n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị okenye ya, ọ bụ maka ọrụ nkụzi okpukpe ụmụ nwanyị.  Malite n'afọ 1830, o kere usoro nke ndị nkuzi ụmụ nwanyị ( Jajis ) bụ ndị na-agagharị na Caliphate na-akụziri ụmụ nwanyị n'ụlọ obibi ụmụ akwụkwọ.  N'aka nke ya, onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị jajis ji akwụkwọ edemede Nana Asma'u na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Sufi na-agụkarị, na-abụkarị site n'ịgụ ihe nkiri na uri, iji zụọ ihe ọkụkụ nke ụmụ nwanyị mụtara, ndị a kpọrọ 'yan-taru , ma ọ bụ' ndị na-ezukọta, ụmụnna nwanyị. '  Iji ọ bụla jaji ọ onyere a malfa (a okpu na omenala emume nnọchianya nke ụlọ ọrụ nke na-ekpere arụsị Bori priestesses na Gobir ) kegide na a red eke n'isi.  Jajis ghọrọ, ya mere, ihe nnọchianya nke ala ọhụrụ, usoro iwu ọhụrụ, na nke ịmụ asụsụ Islam ọbụna n'èzí obodo ndị inyom.  Nke a sitere na Mack, Beverly B., na Jean Boyd, Jihad Ji Otu Nwanyi: Nana Asma'u, Onye Ọkà Mmụta na odeakwụkwọ   . Na-agụnye abụ uri abụọ nke Nana Asma'u.   N'akụkụ, ọrụ nkuzi a malitere dị ka ụzọ isi jikọta ndị agha ndị agha meriri meriri n'agha n'ime òtù ndị ọchịchị Muslim.  Otú ọ dị, ọ gbasaa, gụnyere ndị ogbenye na ime obodo, na-akụziri ndị nkụzi bụ ndị na-agafe na Caliphate. 

 Ihe odide nke oge 
Ncheta Nana Asma'u mgbe niile a bụghị nanị na akwụkwọ edemede ya, kamakwa n' ọrụ ya n'ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke obodo Sokoto.  Taa na mgbago ugwu Naijiria, aha ya ka a na-akpọkarị otu ụmụ nwanyị ndị inyom Islam, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na nzukọ nzukọ.  Ọ weghachitere arụmụka banyere ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na Islam na narị afọ nke 20, ebe ọ bụ ndị ọkà mmụta Alakụba na ndị kwabatara na Europe na ihe arụmụka ya.  Jean Boyd na Murray N'ikpeazụ, onye ọkà mmụta Algerian bụ Ismael Hamet dere maka ndị na-asụ France na 1898, na-akwa arịrị maka " Ligues Feminists d'Europe " amaghị banyere aka Aka Asma'u. Lee "Ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka 'Agent Religious' na Sokoto", p. 283.  

Ntughari na nsụgharị nke ọrụ ya etinyewo uche na nsụgharị dị mma nke akụkọ na edere ya.  Ọ bụ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ọmụmụ, gụnyere Jean Boyd si Nwanyị Caliph: Nana Asma'u 1793-1865: Onye Ozizi, Poet na Onye Ndú Alakụba (1989), kọwara dịka "akwụkwọ dị mkpa" nke "na-enye ezigbo ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na-agụ akwụkwọ. iji tụfuo ihe ndị a na-emekarị banyere ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa ",  Beverly B. Mack, "Akwụkwọ Nyocha" , Nnyocha Nyocha nke Africa , Nke 33, Esemokwu 2, September 1990, pp 219-220.  na Jihad Ji Otu Otu: Nana Asma'u, Onye Ọkà Mmụta na Dekọọ na Beverly B. Mack na Jean Boyd (2000).  Ọrụ nchịkọta nke Nana Asma'u, Nwa nke Usman dan Fodiyo 1793-1864 , nke Boyd na Mack bipụtara, bipụtara n'afọ 1997. 

 Lee kwa 

 Sokoto Caliphate 
 Usman dan Fodio 
 Ụmụ nwanyị na Islam

 Ọgụgụ ndi ọzọ 

 Chukwuma Azuonye, "nwanyị ma ọ bụ Nanị nwanyị?  Nyochagharị na Ọrụ nke Nana Asmā'u, narị afọ nke itoolu na West African Women's Poet, Intellectual, and Social Activist " , Meridians , Vol. 6, No. 2, Women, Creativity, and Dissidence (2006), pp.   54-77. 
 Jean Boyd, Nwanyị Nwanyị Caliph: Nana Asma'u 1793-1865: Onye Ozizi, Poet na Onye Ndú Alakụba .  London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1989 
 Jean Boyd.  "Ịmụta site na Purda na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke Northern Nigeria: Ọrụ nke Asma'u Fodiyo".  Akwụkwọ akụkọ African Cultural Studies , Vol. 14, Nke 1, Okpukpe Okpukpe nke Islam n'Africa (June 2001), p.   7-22. 
 Jean Boyd, "West Africa", na Suad Joseph, Afsaneh Najmabadi (eds), Encyclopedia of Women & Cultural Culture , New York: Brill Publishers, 2003, p.   327-29;      . 
 Jean Boyd na Beverly B. Mack (eds), The Collected Works of Nana Asma'u, Nwa nke Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793-1864   , East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1997. 
 Jean Boyd na Beverly B. Mack, Na- akụziri Ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba: Ndị West African Legacy nke Nana Asma'u, 1793-1864   , Kube Publishing, Interface Publications, 2013.    ISBN   978-1847740441 . 
 Jean Boyd, Murray Ikpeazụ.  "Ọrụ nke Women dị ka 'Agents Religious' na Sokoto", akwụkwọ akụkọ Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines , Vol. 19, Nke 2 (1985), p.   283-300. 
 Beverly B. Mack na Jean Boyd, Jihad Ji Otu Nwanyi: Nana Asma'u, Onye Ọkà Mmụta na odeakwụkwọ , Bloomington, Indiana: Mahadum Indiana University, 2000.    ISBN   978-0253213983 . 
 Margaret Hauwa Kassam.  "Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụda ụmụ nwanyị si Northern Nigeria", Asụsụ Afrika na Omenala , Vol. 9, Nke 2, omenala ndi mmadu na omenala (1996), p.   111-25. 
 Aisha R. Masterton, Jihad ji otu nwanyị: Nana Asma'u, Scholar and Scribe - akwụkwọ nyocha .  African Arts , Winter 2001. 
 Katja Werthmann, "Ihe atụ nke Nana Asma'u" , D + C: Development & Cooperation , InWEnt gGmbH, No.03, 2005. 
 Muhammad Jameel Yusha'u, "Nana Asma'u Tradition: Otu ihe omuma na ihe omuma nke umunwanyi di iche iche n'ime Islam n'oge otutu afo nke iri na ise nke Danformod's Islam reform" .  Ngalaba Mass Communications, Bayero University , Kano .  Akwụkwọ e bipụtara na Nzukọ na Sokoto jihad kwadoro nke Center for Hausa Cultural Studies, Kano, na Murtala Muhammad Library, 7-8 June 2004. 

 Nrụtụaka 

 Njikọ ndị ọzọ 

 ER, "Nana Asma'u" , Akụkọ Naked , 28 March 2017. 
 KeriLynn Engel, "Nana Asma'u: onye isi obodo, onye na-ede uri, onye na-eme mgbanwe mmụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Muslim" , Ama Ndị Nwanyi na History , 4 December 2011. 
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations