Ngozi Onwurah

Ngozi Onwurah  bụ onye ntụzị ihe nkiri nke Britain-Naijiria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nlereanya, na onye nkuzi. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri autobiographical ya The Body Beautiful (1991) na ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Welcome II the Terrordome (1994). Ọrụ ya na-egosipụta ahụmịhe ọhụụ nke Black Diaspora na nke a zụlitere ya.

 Mmalite ya na mmuta ya 
A mụrụ Ngozi Onwurah na afọ 1966 na Nigeria site na nna ya bụ onye Nigeria, yana nne ọcha onye Britain, Madge Onwurah.  Ọ nwere ụmụnne abụọ, Simon Onwurah na Labour MP Chi Onwurah . Dika umuaka, amanye nne Onwurah ka umu ya si na Nigeria gbapu ka ha we gbapu agha obodo . Ha gbagara England, ebe Ngozi na Simon nọrọ ọtụtụ n'oge ha bụ nwata. N'ịbụ onye na-etolite n'ógbè ndị ọcha, Onwurah na nwanne ya nwoke diri mmekpa ahụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, sitere na njirimara agbụrụ ha na enweghị nna. 

Onwurah malitere omumu ihe omumu ya na St Martin's School of Art na London .  O mechara gụọ ihe ọmụmụ afọ 3 na National Film and Television School na Beaconsfield, England. 

 Ndụ onwe 
Ngozi lụrụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri bụ Alwin H. Küchler, ha nwekwara otu nwa nwanyị. 

 Ọrụ 

 Ihe nkiri 

 Coffee coloured children(1988) 
Ihe nkiri a bụ ihe ngosi, akụkọ ọdịnala, nnwale, na agbụrụ nke na-enyocha mmetụta dị n'ime nke itolite n'ezinụlọ agbụrụ dị iche iche. Ihe nkiri a gosiri ụmụaka agwakọtara agbụrụ na-enwe mmekpa ahụ agbụrụ na nkewapụ dị iche iche n'ihi agba ha. A na-egosi ụmụaka abụọ, otu nwoke na otu nwa agbọghọ, na ihe nkiri ahụ ma gosipụta ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha na ihe nhicha ọcha ma na-ehichapụ akpụkpọ ahụ ha ka ha wee nwee ike ịkpọ onwe ha asị nke ha na-eche n'ihi ụda ojii ha. Foster, p. 27 Ihe nkiri a gosiri ụdị nkwanye ugwu dị ka "Tragic Mulatto", mana ọ gbara aka mgba a site n'igosi Ngozi na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Simon Onwurah ịbụ ndị a na-agụghị na stereotype. Foster, p. 28

Coffee coloured children na- ekwu maka ọha mmadụ "ite ọgbọọgba" na-ama ya aka site na ịtụ aro na a ga-akpọ ya "incinerator". Foster, p. 29

 And still I rise (1991) 
Ihe nkiri a sitere n'ike mmụọ nke onye nduzi, Dr. Maya Angelou dere . Foster, p. 24 Ihe nkiri a na-enyocha ihe onyonyo agbụrụ nke Ụmụ Nwanyị Ojii gosipụtara na ọrụ akwụkwọ. Onwurah gbara ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ajụjụ dị iche iche site na akụkọ dị iche iche, ọrụ ha na mgba dị na fim ahụ. Otu nwanyị, Caron Wheeler bụ onye ọbụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ. Ọ na-atụle nhụjuanya ya gara aga; gụnyere ndina n'ike, nke onwe ya na ndị nna nna ya nwere. Foster, p. 25 Ma na m na-ebili na- enyocha mmalite nke agbụrụ ndị Africa n'oge ịgba ohu. N'otu ihe ngosi, ọ gosipụtara onyinyo nke nwanyị ojii, gba ọtọ ma kee ya agbụ, ya na ụda ụtarị.  Ọ na - eji onyonyo na akụkọ esemokwu na - egosipụta enweghị ike ịchịkwa ụmụnwaanyị ojii n’ahụ ha n’oge a yana etu nke ahụ ka dịkwa n’ọdịbendị ndị ojii ugbu a n’ụwa niile, ọkachasị na mba Africa nke Atọ. O gosiputara otu esi emeso ndi nwanyi n’oge gara aga, n’oge ndi ohu, na ugbu a, bu n’obi igbanwe odinihu.

 The Body Beautiful (1991) 
Ihe nkiri a bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ autobiographical nke gosipụtara Ngozi n'onwe ya, na nne Ngozi, Madge Onwurah. Foster, p. 29 Ụmụnwanyị abụọ a na-akọ ụfọdụ akụkụ ihe nkiri ahụ ma pụta na fim ahụ n'onwe ha. The Body Beautifulna - atụle ụmụ nwanyị, yana ndụ ha na egwu ha. Madge Onwurah na-ekwu maka ịlụ nwoke Naịjirịa, ịkpa ụmụ agwakọta agọ, yana ịrịa ọrịa ara na-esochikwa mastectomy.  Ihe nkiri a chọpụtakwara mmetụta Ngozi nke ịbụ onye nne ọcha onye Britain zụlitere, ịbụ onye nlereanya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọcha kachasị, yana ọrụ miri emi nke mmekọrịta ya na nne ya. Ngozi kwetara na nwa oge ọ hụghị nne ya ka ọ na-enwe mmekọahụ. Na fim ahụ, ọ na-enyogharị anya na nne ya site na-eche na ọ ga-ahụ nwa okorobịa ojii n'anya. N'ebe ọzọ, Ngozi na nne ya gba ọtọ dinara, ma kpughee akara nke Madge nke mastectomy. Foster, p. 30 Ihe oyiyi a na-agbagha n'ihi echiche nke ihe a na-ahụta dika ihe mara mma na Western Society.  Ihe ngosi a bu ihe omuma nke nabata aru ya na uzo ya nke oma.

Visual Na otutu ịwụli elu, ihe nkiri sinima gụnyere ọkachasị eserese, obere eserese (ọkachasị ihu nke Madge, Ngozi, na onye na-ese foto), yana eserese dị nso. Ejideghị igwe foto ma ọ bụ na-ama ụma kwagharia ya, ma ọ dị ka eji ihe jide ya n'oge niile. Mkpebi a idobe onye na-ekiri ya “nso” na ihe odide ahụ na ihuenyo na-enye ohere ịnweta mmekọrịta chiri anya na ihe omume na mmetụta nke ihe nkiri ahụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ihe nkiri ahụ na-agba mbọ "ịkwanye" ndị na-ege ntị n'ofe ọkwa nkasi obi nkịtị. Ihe omuma atu nke nmekorita a bu uzo abuo di nso: otu nke aka ojii na-eji nwayọ na-agbada n'azu Madge, na nke ozo nke Madge na-adi nma na obi ya ka aka ojii na-akwusi n'elu ya, na-acho iru onwe ya ozugbo n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ ya. Mmejuputa mmezu na ikpuchi nke ụda ndị a, egwu, na ịkọ akụkọ, jikọtara ya na nhọrọ ọgụgụ ọhụụ iji mepụta ahụmịhe anụ ahụ.

 Monday's Girls (1993) 
Ihe nkiri a bu ihe ngosi ihe omuma nke mmadu nke gosiputara ndu umu nwanyi abuo. Ụmụnwanyị a na-eme emume na omenala nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke, dịka ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ ahụ, nọ 'mgbede' izu ise. Foster, p. 35 Mgbe ha putara, ndi obodo ha kwalite ha ma kwanyere ha ugwu. Ihe nkiri a gosipụtara echiche abụọ dị iche iche banyere okwu a. N’otu aka, e nwere Florence, onye a kwanyere ugwu ka o soro n’emume a. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere Asikiye, onye bụ nwanyị kachasị ịgụ akwụkwọ megidere emume ahụ.  Ihe nkiri a na-enyocha nwanyị nke ụwa nke atọ nke Africa ma na-atụle echiche ọdịbendị na-emegiderịta onwe ha. 

 Welcome II the Terrordome (1994) 
Ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a bụ nke mbụ emere ihe nkiri Black British nke nwere onwe ya. Foster, p. 37 Emere ihe nkiri a na Sundance Nkiri Ememe dika Ngozi nọ na United States n'oge nleta nkwado maka fim ahụ.  Na ihe nkiri a, Ngozi kwuputara akụkọ ndị ojii dị ka ọ ga - adị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mere na "ọdịnihu nke ihu ala akụkọ sayensị na - adịghị mma".  Ọ na-ese onyinyo nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ma lekwasị anya na ahụ. Na ihe nkiri a, egosiri ahụ ojii dị ka "saịtị nke commodification, nwoke ịga ụlọ ọgwụ, na mgbukpọ agbụrụ akwadoro". Foster, p. 38 Ọ na-egosiputa okwu banyere ọgwụ ọjọọ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ịda ogbenye.

 Desired Number (1995) 
A na-akpọkwa ya Ajụjụ Ọnụ Ọgụgụ . Ihe nkiri a gbadoro ụkwụ na Obodo Iwollo dị na Naịjirịa ebe ụmụ nwaanyị na-amụ ụmụ itoolu. Ihe nkiri a tụlere okwu metụtara iji nwa n’etiti ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa, ọkachasị etu esi ejighị ya eme ihe. Foster, p. 36 Dị ka ọ dị na ihe nkiri Ngozi nke Monday's Girls, a na-enyocha nwanyị nke  "Africa". N'ime ihe nkiri a, Ngozi na-egosi na ụmụ nwanyị a na-achịkwa ahụ ha maka na ha nwere nhọrọ ịga ụlọọgwụ ma nweta akara ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ na ha agaghị. Agbanyeghị, ụkpụrụ ọdịnala nke ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụaka ka na-eguzo n'ụzọ ha nke na-achịkwa ahụ ha kpamkpam.

 Ọdịdị 
Onwurah jiri otutu ihe omuma, ncheta omenala, otutu ndi na akuko ya, ihe omumu ya na otutu ihe ya. Bobo, p. 49 Ọkammụta n'ihe nkiri ihe nkiri bụ Gwendolyn Audrey Foster ekwuola na ọrụ Onwurah gụnyere omume nke "ime onyonyo" site na ncheta nke na-eso otu esi emepụta akụkọ ọdịnala na fim.  Foster na-ekwusi ike na ọrụ Onwurah dị n'ime okwu Bill Nichols "the blurred border zones of realism".  Foster na-ekwusi ike na ọrụ Onwurah bụ "ihe nkiri na mmetụta cinema, agbamakwụkwọ nke ime ihe na ihe dị adị na ihe na-enweghị mmekwata na oke corporeal na hyperreal". Foster, p. 42

Foster kwukwara na Onwurah na-agbagha echiche nke oge na ohere ma nabata ọtụtụ saịtị nke isiokwu. Ọ na-echekwa na Onwurah na-anọchi usoro ọdịnala psychoanalytical na usoro ihe nkiri na ihe ọmụmụ, ya mere ọ na-elekwasị anya na ahụ dị ka uche.  Kpọmkwem, ọtụtụ ọrụ Onwurah dị n'etiti mmadụ, na ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. Foster, p. 24 Nnyocha Foster kwukwara na imepụta ihe nkiri Onwurah na-eji ahụ mmadụ eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche na ịme ihe nkiri ọdịnala nke na-egbochi ụdị ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ na ahụ.  Ahu, n'oru Onwurah dika Foster si kee ya bu abuo. Ahụ bụ nnọchite anya nke ime ihe ike ndị ọchịchị yana ngwá ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na fim Onwurah. 

Ọkammụta Julian Stringer chere na ịme ihe nkiri Onwurah nwekwara nnukwu ajụjụ dị iche iche gbasara ndọrọndọrọ amata, otu ụdị n'ụdị sinima ndị ọzọ.  Ọ na-eche na nwanyị ahụ nwere “mmekọrịta gbasara ọdịnala” gbasara agbụrụ na otu ha si daba n ’ụwa buru ibu ma na-edekwa ọzọ na ihe nkiri Onwurah bụ esemokwu nke agbụrụ mere eme nke gara n’ihu na-emetụta oge a.  Onwurah kwuputara n'ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ chọrọ ịkọwa nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii ahụ tarala na akụkọ ihe mere eme site na "ịkọwapụta ya" na ihe nkiri ya.  Ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ ekwuola na ajụjụ gbasara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ na mmekọrịta chiri anya sokwa na ihe nkiri Onwurah nakwa na ọtụtụ ọrụ Onwurah na-ekwu banyere otu ihe nkiri sinima na-ejedebe site na okwu ndị colonial,   yana ịgbagha echiche Western maka nwoke na nwoke na ndi ocha Africa. 

 Ọrụ Nkiri Ndị Ọzọ 

 Best Wishes (1989)
 Fruits of Fear (1990)
 Who stole the Soul (1992)
 Flight of the Swan (1993)
 Siren Spirits (1994)
 White Men Are Cracking Up(1996)
 Behind the Mask(1997)
 Hang time (2001)
 Mama Africa (2002)
 Shoot the Messenger (2006)

 Igwe onyonyo 

 Usoro: South of the Border (1988)
 Obere-usoro: Heartbeat (1995)
 Obere-usoro: Siren Spirits (1995)
 Obere-usoro: Crucial Tales(1996)

 Onyinye na Nhọrọ 
• Coffee Coloured Children (1988)

 Onye mmeri - Short Feature Category, BBC, UK.
 Prized Pieces Award Winner - National Black Programming Consortium, US.
 Onye mmeri Golden Gate Award - San Francisco Film Festival, US.
 Ihe nkiri nke Femmes - Creteil, France.
 Nominee - Ihe Nkiri Ntisi Kachasị Mma - Torino International Festival of Young Cinema
 Gold Hugo Nominee - Best Short Film - Chicago International Film Festival

• Best Wishes (1989)

 Gold Hugo Nominee - Best Short Film 
 - Chicago International Film Festival

• The Body Beautiful(1991)

 Onye mmeri - Best Short Film- Melbourne Film Festival, Australia.
 Onye mmeri - Akwụkwọ kacha mma- Montreal Film Festival, Canada.

• Who stole the Soul? (1992)

 Royal Television Society Award Winner - Onye Okenye Kasị Mma Na-aga n'ihu - UK

• Flight of the Swan (1993)

 Onye mmeri Gold Hugo - Best Short Film - Chicago International Film Festival

• Welcome II the Terrordome (1994)

 Audience Award Winner - Verona Love Screens Film Festival

• Shoot The Messenger (2006)

 Prix Italia Winner - Best TV Drama 
 Nsonye Jury Nominee - Nkọwa kachasị mma - Tribeca Film Festival

 Ihe nkiri 
+Ihe nkiri Afọ Aha Onyeisi 1988Coffee Coloured Children Eeh 1989Best Wishes Eeh 1990Fruits of Fear Eeh 1991And Still I Rise Eeh 1991The Body Beautiful Eeh N'afọ 1992Who Stole the Soul? Eeh 1993Monday's Girls Eeh 1993Flight of the Swan Eeh 1994Welcome II the Terrordome Eeh 1995The Desired Number Eeh 1996White Men Are Cracking Up Eeh 1997Behind the Mask Eeh 2001Hang Time Eeh 2002 Mama Africa Eeh 2006Shoot The Messenger Eeh

+Igwe onyonyo Afọ Aha Onyeisi Ihe edeturu 1988South of the Border Eeh Usoro 1994Siren Spirits Ee (usoro 2) Obere-usoro 1995Heartbeat Ee (ihe omume 1) Obere-usoro 1996Crucial Tales Ee (ihe omume 1) Obere-usoro

 Ihe Nlekọta 
Dabere na Foster, Onwurah agbanyela oke nke "onye nnọchi anya Ụmụ Nwanyị Ojii" ma na-enupụ isi megide echiche efu nke ihe onye na-ese ihe ojii na-anọchite anya ya.  Stringer na-ekwu na Onwurah abụrụla ihe atụ banyere etu esi eme ihe nkiri ụmụ nwaanyị ojii dị iche iche. 

Onwurah bụkwa nwa nwanyi Black British nke emeputara ihe nkiri ya na United Kingdom.  Onwurah akwalitela ụdị ịme ihe nkiri na "blurs fiction with fact" na "akwụkwọ na akụkọ", niile na-akatọ ma na-enyocha mmebi nke colonial nke dakwasịrị ndị isi ojii.  Foster na-ekwusi ike na o mepụtala ohere ọhụụ na sinima a pịrị apị maka ahụ dị ka isi okwu. 

A na-eji ọrụ ya dị ka ihe mmụta maka ndị na-achọ ihe nkiri. Ndị otu Indiana University ’s Black Film Center / Archive kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa Bloomington ka ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị na-aga mahadum wee kwalite ọrụ ya. 

 Nrụtụaka 

 Ihe edeturu

 Ihe omuma akwukwo

 Njikọ ndị ọzọ 

 https://web.archive.org/web/20100619135240/http://eng-wdixon.unl.edu/foster.html
 http://www.answers.com/topic/ngozi-onwurah
 http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/makers/fm280.shtml
 https://web.archive.org/web/20200915015343/https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/About.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100719161148/http://www.sistersincinema.com/index.html
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations