Miriam Tlali

Miriam Tlali (11 Nọvemba 1933 - 24 Febrụwarị 2017) bụ onye edemede South Africa. Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ na South Africa bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee,  Between Worlds, n'afọ 1975. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị mbụ dere banyere Soweto . Ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Africa machibidoro ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na mbụ. "Famed author Miriam Tlali turns 80", eNews Channel Africa (ENCA), 11 November 2013.  Gugu Hlongwane, "Miriam Tlail", in Brian Schaffer (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Fiction, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, pp. 1366–1368.

 Ndụ na ọrụ ya 
Miriam Masoli Tlali  mụrụ na Doornfontein, Johannesburg, ma tolite na Sophiatown .  Ọ gara St Cyprian's Anglican School wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Madibane. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand ruo mgbe e mechiri ya nye ndị ojii n'oge oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ; o mechara gaa na National University of Lesotho (nke a na-akpọ Pius the XII University) na Roma, Lesotho .  N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ ebe ahụ n'ihi ụkọ ego, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ odeakwụkwọ ma nweta ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'otu ụlọ ahịa ngwá ụlọ na Johannesburg.  Hans M. Zell, Carol Bundy & Virginia Coulon, A New Reader's Guide to African Literature, Heinemann Educational Books, 1983, p. 499.

Tlali dọtara ahụmahụ ya dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ mbụ ya, Muriel at Metropolitan, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe omimi nke "echiche ya bụ nke ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ South Africa". Mary Dyer, Reality, vol. 7, no. 6, January 1976, p. 15. Ọ bụ ezie na e dere ya n'afọ 1969, e ebipụtaghị ya ruo afọ isii, bụ́ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na South Africa jụrụ. N'afọ 1975 Ravan Press bipụtara Muriel na Metropolitan : "naanị mgbe ha wepụrụ ụfọdụ ihe ndị ha chere na ọ ga-akpasu Board Censorship - ndị na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ edemede South Africa. Mana n'agbanyeghị mbọ a, amachibidoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo e bipụtara ya n'ihi na Board Censorship kwuru na ọ dịghị mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa." Theophilus T. Mukhuba, "An Introduction to Miriam Tlali's Muriel at Metropolitan", The Postcolonial Literature and Culture Web. Akwụkwọ ahụ ruru ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị ka e bipụtasịrị ya n'afọ 1979 site n'aka Longman n'okpuru aha n'etiti ụwa abụọ, na nsụgharị ya na-esote n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Japanese, Polish, German na Dutch. "Miriam Tlali", South African History Online, 14 March 2014. N’afọ 1988, Tlali kwuru n’akwụkwọ e nyere na Amsterdam n’ihu Kọmitii Na-emegide Ịnahụ Nnyocha:  “Nye ndị Filistia, ọkọlọtọ akwụkwọ, ndị nkatọ. . . . Anyị na-ede akwụkwọ ojii South Africa (ndị na-eche ọrụ nke ime ka ndị mmadụ na anyị onwe anyị aka na-ede akwụkwọ maka ndị anyị maara bụ ndị na-ege ntị kwesịrị ekwesị. Anyị agaghị ede ka anyị wee ruo eru na nkọwa gị nke ihe ị kọwara dị ka 'ezi nka'. . . . Ọrụ anyị bụ idere ndị anyị na ha akwụkwọ.” "Remove the Chains: South African Censorship and the Black Writer." Index on Censorship, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1988, p. 199.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, Amandla, bụ nke dabere n'afọ 1976 Soweto ọgba aghara, machibidokwara na South Africa obere oge ka e bipụtara ya n'afọ 1980.  Akwụkwọ ndị Tlali mechara gụnyere Mihloti (nke pụtara "Anya mmiri"), nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirisi, ajụjụ ọnụ na akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, bipụtara n'afọ 1984 site n'aka ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ ojii Skotaville, bụ nke o mebere.  Ewepụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na 1986.  Akwụkwọ ya 1989 Footprints in the Quag, nke David Philip bipụtara na South Africa, bụ nke Pandora Press weputara n'okpuru aha Soweto Stories .  "Tlali, Miriam"; The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition, 2007.

Tlali kwadoro ma nye aka na magazin Staffrider, bụ nke o dere otu kọlụm oge niile, "Soweto Talk", yana ide maka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ South Africa, gụnyere Rand Daily Mail . Margaret Busby, "Miriam Tlali", in Daughters of Africa, London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, p. 431.

Ihe omume edemede Tlali kpọgara ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa, gụnyere Netherlands, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ otu afọ, Cecily Lockett, "An Interview with Miriam Tlali", Southern African Review of Books, June/July 1989, pp. 20–21. na USA. N'afọ 1978, o sonyere na mmemme ide ihe mba ụwa na Mahadum steeti Iowa, na-enye nkuzi na San Francisco, Atlanta, Washington DC, na New York, na n'etiti afọ 1989 na 1990 bụ ọkà mmụta nleta na South Africa Research Programme na Mahadum Yale . "Miriam Tlali", South African Literary Awards (SALA).

 Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu 
N'afọ 1995, ngalaba gọọmentị South Africa nke Arts, Culture, Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ kwanyere Tlali ugwu site na nturu ugo mmeri nke ndụ ndụ. N 2008 ọ natara Ikhamanga Silver President award.  

Na 11 Nọvemba 2018, Google ji doodle mata ya. 

 Akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ahọpụtara 

 N'etiti ụwa abụọ, Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1975. Longman, 1979.
 Amandla, South Africa: Vivlia Publishers, 1980,  .
 Mihloti, Johannesburg: Skotaville, 1984.
 Akara ukwu na Quag, David Philip Publishers, 1989,  . Dịka Akụkọ Soweto, London: Pandora, 1989.

 Ọgụgụ ya ọzọ 

 Bernth Linfors na Reinhard Sander, Caribbean na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na ndị ode akwụkwọ ojii Africa, Detroit: Nnyocha Gale, 1996.
 Derek Attridge na Rosemary Jane Jolly, Ide South Africa: Akwụkwọ, Apartheid na Democracy 1970 - 1995, Cambridge (UK) na New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 Christina Cullhed, Mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nna ochie: Usoro nkọwa nke nguzogide n'ime akwụkwọ Miriam Tlali . Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ doctoral, 2006. Mahadum Uppsala bipụtara .
 Sarah Nuttall, "Akwụkwọ na Archive: The Biography of Texts", na Carolyn Hamilton (ed. ), Na-emegharị ebe nchekwa, Cape Town: David Philip, 2002.

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