Infant oral mutilation

Ogbugbu ọnụ nwa ọhụrụ (IOM) bụ usoro ezé ọdịnala dị ize ndụ ma na-egbu egbu mgbe ụfọdụ nke a na-eme n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ebe n'Africa.

 Nkọwa 
Dịka osi adị, nne ma ọ bụ nna nwere ike ịkpọrọ nwatakịrị na-arịa ọrịa kpoje yá n'aka onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala, onye ga-ele anya n'ọnụ nwa ahụ ma kwuo na ọrịa ahụ sitere na "nkpuru ezé". Onye na-agwọ ọrịa ga-egosi obere, na-acha ọcha, na-etolite ezé dị ka "nkpuru ezé", wee gwuo "nkpuru" site na nsí n'enweghị anesthesia mpaghara ma jiri ngwá ọrụ na-adịghị ọcha (nke a na-abụkarị ịnyịnya ígwè na-ekwu okwu). Ezé canine na-abụkarị ndị a na-egosi, ebe ọ bụ na ha bụ ndị a ma ama. A na-egosizi nne ma ọ bụ nna ezé ndị ahụ, obere ọdịdị ha, nke mmiri ara ehi yiri ikpuru.

 Ọjọọ 
Ụdi Omume a na eweta áhù ufu na afufu na ahụ nwatakiri nwèrè ike idago ọrịa (ma ọ bụ ezé) nwee ihe mgbu na nhụjuanya, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eme ya na nwatakịrị dị mma iji gbochie ọrịa. Usoro ndị a na-adịghị ọcha nwere ike ibute ọrịa ọbara, tetanus, na-ebute nje HIV / AIDS, ma nwee ike ịnwụ n'oge ma ọ bụ mgbe usoro ahụ gasịrị. Enwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ezé na-adịgide adịgide, na-akpata nsogbu ezé na-adịgide adịgide. Na mgbakwunye, ọrịa dị ugbu a nwere ike ọ gaghị enweta nlekọta ahụike dị mkpa.

 Mpaghara mpaghara 
E bipụtara ihe akaebe nke IOM na-eme na Chad, DRCongo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania na Uganda.Children’s teeth and their care. Document produced by NCTPE (National Committee of Traditional Practices of Ethiopia 1997 A hụwokwa ya na ndị mbịarambịa Africa bi ugbu a na France, Israel, USA, Australia, Norway, New Zealand na UK.  Nnyocha akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara n'elu na ntụaka zuru ezu dị n'ịntanetị.

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 Ogbugbu ọnụ nwa ọhụrụ na United Kingdom charity Dentaid