Manila Cathedral

Obere Basilica na Katidral Katidral nke ime echiche nke ọma ( Filipino   ; Spanish   ), makwaara dị ka Katidral Manila ( Spanish   ), bụ katidral nke Manila na basilica dị na Intramuros, obodo nwere mgbidi nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ime obodo Manila nke oge a, Philippines . A raara ya nye echiche na- adịghị mma nke Virgin Mary a gọziri agọzi dị ka onye nlekọta nke obodo ahụ. Katidral ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka oche ndị bishọp nke Manila .

Katidral ahụ bụbu ụlọ ụka parish dị na Manila n'okpuru Archdiocese nke Mexico na 1571, ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ diọcese dị iche na 6 February 1579 n'oge nbipụta nke oke ehi, Illius Fulti Præsido nke Pope Gregory XIII . "The First Cathedral:1581 – 1583".  E mebiri katidral ahụ ma bibie ọtụtụ oge kemgbe e wuru ihe owuwu mbụ na 1581 ebe arụchara nke asatọ na nke ugbu a nke katidral na 1958. "The Eight Cathedral: 1958 – Present". 

Ya bu Basilica enwetago ihe ndi oyibo kporo papal endorsement na aka pope GregoryXIII na mbiarute ato na aka Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II na Pope Francis. Na Eprel27 1981, Pope John Paul nke abuo nyere papal bull n'olu oyibo Quod Ipsum na-akowa Katidral ahu dika Obere Basilika nke motu propio nke ya.

Basilica ahụ enwetala nkwado popu site n'aka Pope Gregory XIII na nleta ndị ozi atọ sitere n'aka Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II na Pope Francis . Na 27 Eprel 1981, Pope John Paul II nyere popu bull Quod Ipsum na-akọwapụta katidral dị ka obere basilica site n'aka Motu Proprio nke ya . (1981-04-27). 

 Akụkọ ihe mere eme 

Katidral bụ na mbụ "ụka Manila" nke e hiwere na 1571 site n'aka ụkọchukwu Fray Juan de Vivero, onye rutere na Manila Bay na 1566.  De Vivero, onye ụkọchukwu nọ na galleon nke San Gerónimo, bụ Archbishọp nke Mexico, Alonso de Montúfar, zipụrụ ka o guzobe Iso Ụzọ Kraịst dị ka ọchịchị ime mmụọ na okpukperechi na Philippines nke a na-achị ọhụrụ. De Vivero mechara bụrụ vicar-General na onye ikpe ụka mbụ nke obodo Manila.

Onye nke Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi were mpalaga nke Ulouka ahu wee done ya na nlekota nke Santa Potenciana. Onye Ukochukwu mbu nke ulouka ahu bu Juan de Villanueva.

. "The Church before it became a Cathedral : 1571". 

Mgbe ewulitere ya bu ulouka wee ruo okwa Katidral na 1579(nke dabara n'Owuwu irugo ihe nke Diosis Manila),eji kwere nipa,Osisi nakwa achalla wee wuo ya na 1581 bu nke Domigo de Salazar, onye bu Bishop mbu nke Manila. Ulo ahu ewuru ohuru ka edoro nso na Disemba 21,1581; nke mechara wee buru Katidral. Oku gbara ya bu ulo n'afo 1583, nke bidoro na emume nkwamozu emere Govano Jeneral

Mgbe e buliri chọọchị ahụ n’otu katidral n’afọ 1579 (nke dabara n’ihe e ji wuo Diocese nke Manila), ọ bụ Domingo de Salazar, bụ́ bishọp mbụ nke Manila, wuru ihe owuwu ọhụrụ sitere na nipa, osisi, na achara na 1581. . Ihe owuwu ọhụrụ ahụ ka edoro nsọ na Disemba 21, 1581; na-aghọ katidral. E ji ọkụ bibie ihe owuwu ahụ na 1583, bụ́ nke malitere n’oge olili ozu maka Gọvanọ-General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa na Ụka San Agustin nke bibiri ọtụtụ obodo ahụ.  Katidral nke abụọ, nke e ji nkume mee, wuru na 1592. Otú ọ dị, ala ọma jijiji bibiri ya na 1600.

áká_èkpè|thumb| Belfry dara ada mgbe ala ọmajiji 1880 gasịrị
Ewubere katidral nke atọ na 1614. Ulo ohuru nke gunyere nave ato na Ebe okpukpe Asaa ka agoziri na 1614. E mechara ala oma jiji wee mee na manila n'afo 1645.

Katidral nke ano ka ewuru bido na 1654 wee ruo 1671. N'afo 1750, mgbasa ozi akporo Midia naranja(half Orange n'Oyibo)dome ka -agbakwunyere na ngafe nke Florentine friar Juan de Uguccino bu Onye mere ya, o mechara tinye ihe ncheta na ya bu ulo. N'afo 1863 ya bu ihe mebiri site n'ike ala oma jijiji, nke mebikwuru obi ebe Govano Jeneral nke ndi filipine na-ano... Katidral nke Asaa ka ewuru n'afo1870 wee ruo 1879. Emechara wukota ya ma do ya nso na Disemba 1879. Ihe ngafe e mere n'Eli ya bu Central Dome bu ihe ncheta nke di oyibo kporo astronomical Longitudes of the Archipelago. N'afo 1880, ole ala oma jijiji ozo bidoro wee tibie ebe mgbirimgba ya bu ulouka di, nke mere ka ya bu Katidral ghara inwe ewumewu ozo di na ya wee ruo n'afo 1958.
áká_èkpè|thumb|Aerial view of the cathedral (center), 1936

In 1937, the International Eucharistic Congress was held in the Philippines in which the cathedral played an integral part in promoting eucharistic beliefs. Both a cathedral stamp and medal were unveiled in commemoration of the event and was made by the official manufacturer of medals for the Congress of the Philippines at the time, the sculptor Críspulo Zamora.(2012-04-28)."The Resilient Cathedral of Manila" . The Philippines And Then Some.Ndị Japan wedara n'ime katidral a ka ọ bụrụ mkpọmkpọ ebe na 1945 n'oge Agha Manila, ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-eru nso ọgwụgwụ ya. 

Ewubere katidral dị ugbu a site na 1954 ruo 1958 n'okpuru Most Rev. Rufino J. Kadịnal Santos, DD ; na n'okpuru nlekọta nke onye a ma ama Kapampangan architect Fernando H. Ocampo .

Pope Paul VI mere nleta ndịozi wee mee Mass na katidral na 1970. Pope John Paul II nyere popu ehi Quod Ipsum na Eprel 27, 1981; na-ebuli ụlọ arụsị ahụ gaa na obere basilica site na Motu Proprio nke ya. (1981-04-27).  N’otu oke ehi ahụ, o kwughachiri na a ga-echekwa iwu Pope Paul VI nke June 6, 1968 ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ma tinye ya n’ọrụ na uru na utu aha nke katidral dị ka basilica nke ya. (1968).  (1990). 
Emere emume ncheta mweghachi nke iri ise katidral ahụ na 2008, nke mere n'ememe nke abụọ Manila Cathedral Pipe Organ Festival malite na Disemba 2 ruo 10, nke ọgbakọ ndị Bishọp Katọlik nke Philippines haziri. (2008-04-29). 

Na February 2011, mgbịrịgba katidral ahụ kwagara n'ogo ala iji gbochie ụlọ elu mgbịrịgba ka ọ daa, dị ka ọ dị na ala ọma jijiji gara aga. Na Jenụwarị 2012, mgbịrịgba ndị ọhụrụ jiri aka ya tụba mgbịrịgba ahụ site n'aka onye isi ojii Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling si Heidelberg, Germany na 1958. Dịka akara ọhụrụ nke Manila Archbishop Most Rev. Gaudencio B. Cardinal Rosales, DD, mgbịrịgba arụnyere ọhụrụ bụ mgbịrịgba kachasị ukwuu nke a na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Philippines. A na-etinye mgbịrịgba carillon asaa na-adịgide adịgide n'ogo ala nke belfry, na-atụ na 17 metric tons (17 long tons) . [lower-alpha 1]

 Nrụgharị 2012 na 2014 ịmalitegharị 
alt=|áká_èkpè|thumb| Reliquary-kalịnda nwere iberibe ọkpụkpụ nke St. Caesarius nke Terracina, deacon na martyr, Manila Cathedral. Na foto, Kadịnal Luis Antonio Tagle na-esote akara ngosi ọhụrụ nke Saint Caesarius.
Emere katidral ahụ maka ndozigharị ala ọma jijiji na mgbochi mgbochi na 2012.    N'oge a, a họpụtara Ụka San Fernando de Dilao ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ụka gọọmentị nwa oge (pro-katidral) nke Archdiocese nke Manila.  Agbanyeghị, Msgr. Nestor Cerbo kwuru na katidral ahụ ga-arụzigharị ya na 25 Maachị 2014. Ụfọdụ atụmatụ agbakwunyere na mgbanwe gụnyere ntinye igwefoto CCTV, nnukwu ihuenyo telivishọn dị larịị (dị ka nke a na-ahụ na Baclaran Church), usoro ihe nkiri vidiyo ka mma, yana ime ka ọkụ ọkụ n'ime na mpụta dịkwuo mma.  Katidral ahụ mechakwara mweghachi ya n'ụbọchị ekwuru wee meghee ya ọha ọha na 9 Epril 2014 ka afọ abụọ nke mmezigharị gachara. Archbishọp Manila Luis Antonio Kadịnal Tagle chịburu Mass Nsọ, ka emepegharịrị katidral ahụ, nke Onye isi ala Benigno Aquino III gara. https://web.archive.org/web/20150721115706/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/03/24/14/facelift-over-manila-cathedral-gets-brighter -Manila Cathedral renovations completed 

N'ime baptizim nke Saint Jọn Baptist, n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke ọnụ ụzọ mbata, ka edobere kalenda reliquary nke nwere ihe iri atọ na ise nke ndị nsọ; na 1st nke Nọvemba enwere iberibe ọkpụkpụ nke Saint Caesarius nke Terracina, ndị nchebe nsọ nke ndị eze ukwu, bụ ndị dochie anya na Christianized òtù nzuzo nke Julius Caesar.

 Nleta Pontifikal (2015) 
Na 16 Jenuarị 2015, Pope Francis mere emume Mass Papal mbụ ya na mba ahụ na katidral dịka akụkụ nke nleta ndịozi ya na Philippines. A na-eme ememme ahụ maka ndị bishọp, ndị ụkọchukwu, na ndị ụkọchukwu n’asụsụ atọ: Latin, Bekee na Filipino.

 Pope Gregory XIII na 1581 nyere nnukwu ehi nke na-edobe ụlọ katidral ahụ nye The Purest and Immaculate Conception of Mary,  ebe Miguel López de Legazpi doro obodo Manila nsọ nye Saint Potenciana .

 Pope Pius XII na 12 Septemba 1942 kwughachiri nkwado a maka ndị Filipino na La Purísima Inmaculada Concepción site na popu ehi Impositi Nobis, ebe Saint Rose nke Lima na Saint Potenciana nọgidere dị ka ndị isi nke abụọ nke ndị Philippines . PP.  Otu Pontiff ahụ site na "Quidquid ad Dilatandum" kwughachiri nkwupụta nkwado nke a na 16 Julaị 1958 site n'aka onye isi ọchịchị nkenke akwụkwọ ozi, Gildo Brugnola, onye bịanyere aka na ya ma mebie iwu ahụ.

 Olili ozu na olili ozu 
Katidral crypt bụ ebe izu ike maka ndị bishọp mbụ nke Manila na ndị ụkọchukwu ole na ole ndị ọzọ:

 Michael J. O'Doherty, achịbishọp mba ofesi ikpeazụ nke Manila
 Gabriel M. Reyes, Archbishọp mbụ nke Filipino nke Manila
 Rufino J. Kadịnal Santos, Kadịnal Filipino mbụ
 Jaime L. Kadịnal Sin, onye ndu ama ama nke 1986 People Power Revolution
 Dom Ambrose Agius, bishọp na Apostolic Delegate na Philippines (ruo 1945; foduru bufee na Abbey of Our Lady of Montserrat, Mendiola Street, Manila )

 Carlos P. Garcia, Onye isi ala nke 8 nke Philippines (1957–1961) (d. 1971)
 Corazon C. Aquino, Onye isi nke 11 nke Philippines (1986–1992) (d. 2009)

Onye isi ala Garcia bụ onye nkịtị nke mbụ ga-edina na steeti wee kwuo Mass Requiem ya na katidral; Onye isi ala Aquino bụ naanị onye nke abụọ na nwanyị mbụ nyere nsọpụrụ a n'oge olili ya . Nke a mebiri na ọdịnala ọtụtụ narị afọ nke debere ikike nke ịdina na steeti n'okpuru dome nye ndị achịbishọp nke Manila. 

 Nkọwa nke ụlọ nsọ 
Ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ihe atụ nke facade nke katidral gara aga, yana ihe oyiyi nke ndị nsọ a ma ama nke a kpụrụ na nkume travertine nke Rome. Ndị na-ese Italy mere ọtụtụ ihe osise dị n'ime basilica. N'ime katidral gara aga, a na-eji osisi molave mee ha na mbụ. Angelo Fattinanzi kpụrụ ihe oyiyi nke Saint Rose nke Lima ; Saint Jacob, Saint Andrew, na Saint Anthony the Abbot nke Livia Papini dere; na Saint Francis Xavier na Saint Polycarp sitere na Alcide Tico. "Statues".

tympanum dị n'elu ọnụ ụzọ etiti ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ihe odide Latịn Tibi cordi tuo immaculato concredimus nos ac consecramus (Bekee: "Nye obi gị dị ọcha, nye anyị n'aka ma doo anyị nsọ").

Kemgbe nleta ndị ozi Pope John Paul nke Abụọ na basilica na 1981, e debere nrite nke bu ogwe aka popu n'okpuru obe nke facade. Akwụsịkwara na-acha uhie uhie galeros nke Kadịnal Rufino Santos na Jaime Sin n'uko ụlọ nke dome. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-etinye ihe oyiyi Saint Peter Enthroned nke St. Peter's Basilica n'ime, n'ofe ihe oyiyi ndụ polychrome nke Immaculate Conception .

Tupu 1988, akpụrụ akpụ ọla kọpa nke Immaculate Conception dị n'isi ebe ịchụàjà, nke onye ọkpụ Italy Vincenzo Assenza, na-ese ọla edo ruo 1988 (n'agbanyeghị na kpakpando iri na abụọ halo -aureola bụ ọla edo siri ike). "Baldacchino Altar (1980s)".  "Manila Cathedral Ordination".  Edere ya na baldachin n'elu ihe oyiyi nke Immaculate Conception bụ antiphon Latin Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in Te (Bekee: "Ị mara mma, Mary, na ntụpọ mbụ ) (nke mmehie). ) Ọ dịghị n'ime gị." ).

E jikwa ọla kọpa siri ike rụọ akwụkwọ nsọ na mmiri dị nsọ nke yiri mmụọ ozi nke Publio Morbiducci; Marcello Mazzoli mere mosaic a ma ama nke Saint Jude Thaddeus . Window 134 ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere ugegbe ka emere na 1964 site n'aka onye na-ese ihe Filipino Galo Ocampo . Ntọala mpio ahụ, nke bụ mmemme nke isiokwu Marian, bụ nke Kadịnal Santos nyere ya ma kwado ya.

Eserese nka nke windo enyo nwere ntụpọ nke Manila Cathedral bụ ngwaahịa sitere na amamihe okike nke Ocampo, otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Filipino kachasị mma n'oge ya na onye nnata 1964 Patnubay ng Sining na Kalinangan Award sitere na gọọmentị obodo. Manila. 

Ala nkume mabul dị n’etiti okporo ụzọ dị nso n’ebe ịchụàjà ahụ bu uwe agha nke ndị bishọp ndị Kadinal anọ nke Manila: Rufino Santos, Jaime Sin, Gaudencio Rosales, na Luis Antonio Tagle.

 Katidra 
Ya bu Katidral bukwa nke a ana-akpo Episkopal tron nke di na Manila ka etinyere mgbe ewughariri ihe ka aluchara n'afo 1958. E jikwa Mexikan onyx na Marble okwute ewetara na Carrara, Italy,nakwa iji chop mma nke ndi mere ya bu otu Istituto Internazionale d'Arte Liturgica nke Rome.  

Katidra izizi bu uwe agha nke Archbishop Rufino Santos mgbe ahụ tupu e kee ya kadịnal. E ji nkume kpuchie uwe ya na onyx Mexico ruo mgbe eweghachiri ya na 2021. 

katidra ahu bu nke eweghachiri bu nke nwere ihe okpukpu uwe agha nke KadinalJose Advincula, bu Onye bu Archbishop Ugbua, e tinyere ya n'elu ihe ndi oyibo kporo Indian marble nke na-acha ocha.

 Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka