Palaeodictyoptera

Palaeodictyoptera adalah sebuah ordo serangga paleoptera Paleozoikum berukuran sedang hingga sangat besar. Penemuan mereka berperan dalam mengetahui evolusi sayap dalam serangga.

 Gambaran umum 
pra=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mazothairos1.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Restorasi Mazothairos
Mereka dicirikan denagn bagian mulut mirip paruh, yang digunakan untuk menusuk jaringan tumbuhan saat makan. Terdapat kemiripan antara sayap depan dan belakang, serta terdapat sepasang sayap kecil di protoraksnya, di depan pasangan sayap pertama. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka dikenal sebagai "serangga bersayap enam". Sayap kecil ini memberi petunjuk dalam mempelajari kemunculan awal sayap pada serangga.

Beberapa jenis tumbuh hingga sangat besar. Contohnya, Mazothairos diperkirakan memiliki rentang sayap sekitar . Ciri khas lainnya adalah hadirnya serkus yang sangat panjang, sekitar dua kali lipat panjang tubuhnya.

 Taksonomi 

 Suborder †Dictyoneurina Handlirsch 1906
 Superfamili †Calvertielloidea Martynov 1932
 Famili †Calvertiellidae Martynov 1931
 Genus †Calvertiella Tillyard 1925
 Genus †Carrizopteryx Kukalová-Peck 1976
 Genus †Lodetiella Béthoux et al. 2007
 Genus †Moravia Kukalová 1964
 Genus †Moraviptera Kukalová 1955
 Genus †Sharovia Sinitshenkova 1977
 Genus †Xiaheyanella Fu et al. 2015
 Superfamili †Dictyoneuroidea Handlirsch 1906
 Famili †Dictyoneuridae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Arltia Guthörl 1934
 Genus †Cleffia Guthörl 1931
 Genus †Dictyoneura Goldenberg 1854
 Genus †Dictyoneurula Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Goldenbergia Scudder 1885
 Genus †Hongius Özdikmen 2008
 Genus †Kallenbergia Guthörl 1930
 Genus †Macrodictya Guthörl 1940
 Genus †Microdictya Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Polioptenus Scudder 1885
 Genus †Rotundopteris Guthörl 1940
 Genus †Saarodictyum Guthörl 1939
 Genus †Sagenoptera Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Schmidtopteron Brauckmann and Hahn 1978
 Genus †Siberiodictya Sharov and Sinitshenkova 1977
 Genus †Stenodictya Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Stenodictyoneura Leriche 1911
 Genus †Stilbocrocis Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Titanodictya Handlirsch 1906

 Suborder †Frankenholziina Guthörl 1962
 Famili †Hanidae Kukalová-Peck 1975
 Genus †Forcynthia Sinitshenkova 2004
 Genus †Hana Kukalová-Peck 1975

Superfamili incertae sedis
 Superfamili †Breyerioidea Handlirsch 1906
 Famili †Breyeriidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Aviobreyeria Prokop et al. 2013
 Genus †Breyeria de Borre 1875
 Genus †Hasala Brauckmann 1995
 Genus †Jugobreyeria Brauckmann et al. 1985
 Genus †Megaptiloides Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Stobbsia Handlirsch 1908
 Genus †Vernooijia Prokop et al. 2018
 Famili †Cryptoveniidae Bolton 1912
 Genus †Cryptovenia Bolton 1912

 Superfamili †Eugereonoidea Sinitshenkova 2002
 Famili †Archaemegaptilidae Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Archaemegaptilus Meunier 1908
 Genus †Haseneura Rosová et al. 2024
 Genus †Osnabrugapteron Rosová et al. 2022
 Famili †Eugereonidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Dictyoptilus Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Eugereon Dohrn 1866
 Genus †Peromaptera Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Sandiella Carpenter 1970
 Genus †Valdeania Teixeira 1941
 Famili †Graphiptilidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Graphiptilus Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Patteiskya Laurentiaux 1958
 Genus †Rhabdoptilus Brongniart 1894
 Famili †Jongmansiidae Laurentiaux 1950
 Genus †Jongmansia Laurentiaux 1950
 Genus †Katosaxoniapteron Prokop et al. 2023
 Famili †Lithomanteidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Archaeophasma Matthew 1910
 Genus †Catadyesthus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Dyscritus Scudder 1868
 Genus †Lithomantis Woodward 1876
 Genus †Lusiella Laurentiaux and Teixeira 1958
 Famili †Lycocercidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Apopappus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Lycocercus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Lycodemas Carpenter and Richardson 1971
 Genus †Lycodus Carpenter 1992
 Genus †Madera Carpenter 1970
 Genus †Notorachis Carpenter and Richardson 1971
 Famili †Namuroningxiidae Prokop and Ren 2007
 Genus †Namuroningxia Prokop and Ren 2007
 Famili †Polycreagridae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Polycreagra Handlirsch 1906
 Famili †Protagriidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Protagrion Brongniart 1894
 Famili †Synarmogidae Handlirsch 1910
 Genus †Synarmoge Handlirsch 1910
 Famili †Tchirkovaeidae Sinitshenkova 1979
 Genus †Paimbia Sinitshenkova 1979
 Genus †Tchirkovaea Zalessky 1931

 Superfamili †Spilapteroidea Brongniart 1894
 Famili †Fouqueidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Fouquea Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Neofouquea Carpenter 1967
 Famili †Mecynostomatidae Kukalová 1969
 Genus †Mecynostomata Metcalf 1952
 Famili †Spilapteridae Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Abaptilon Zalessky 1946
 Genus †Baeoneura Sinitshenkova 1977
 Genus †Becquerelia Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Bizarrea Prokop et al. 2015
 Genus †Delitzschala Brauckmann and Schneider 1996
 Genus †Dunbaria Tillyard 1924
 Genus †Epitethe Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Epithele Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Homaloneura Brongniart 1885
 Genus †Lamproptilia Brongniart 1885
 Genus †Mcluckiepteron Richardson 1956
 Genus †Neuburgia Martynov 1930
 Genus †Palaeoptilus Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Paradunbaria Sharov and Sinitshenkova 1977
 Genus †Permiakovia Martynov 1940
 Genus †Saxonyptilus Rosová et al. 2022
 Genus †Sinodunbaria Li et al. 2013
 Genus †Spilaptera Brongniart 1885
 Genus †Spiloptilus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Tectoptilus Kukalová 1969
 Genus †Tytthospilaptera Liu et al. 2015
 Genus †Vorkutoneura Sinitshenkova 1977

Famili incertae sedis
 Famili †Elmoboriidae Carpenter 1976
 Genus †Elmoboria Carpenter 1976
 Genus †Oboria Kukalová 1960
 Famili †Eubleptidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Eubleptus Handlirsch 1906
 Famili †Homoiopteridae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Adolarryia Kukalová-Peck and Richardson 1983
 Genus †Ametretus Handlirsch 1911
 Genus †Amousus Handlirsch 1911
 Genus †Anglopterum Prokop et al. 2006
 Genus †Boltonia Pruvost 1919
 Genus †Homoioptera Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Larryia Kukalová-Peck and Richardson 1983
 Genus †Mazonopterum Kukalová-Peck and Richardson 1983
 Genus †Mazothairos Kukalová-Peck and Richardson 1983
 Genus †Ostrava Kukalová 1960
 Genus †Paraostrava Prokop and Nel 2004
 Genus †Parathesoneura Sinitshenkova 1977
 Genus †Pharciphyzelus Beckemeyer and Engel 2011
 Genus †Scepasma Handlirsch 1911
 Genus †Thesoneura Carpenter 1943
 Genus †Turneropterum Kukalová-Peck and Richardson 1983
 Famili †Homothetidae Scudder 1885
 Genus †Homothetus Scudder 1867
 Famili †Megaptilidae Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Lithoptilus Lameere 1917
 Genus †Megaptilus Brongniart 1885
 Famili †Psychroptilidae Riek 1976
 Genus †Psychroptilus Riek 1976
 Famili †Straeleniellidae Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux 1986
 Genus †Straeleniella Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux 1986

Genera incertae sedis
 Genus †Achaeoptilus Scudder 1881
 Genus †Aenigmatopsis Handlirsch 1937
 Genus †Althansia Guthörl 1934
 Genus †Anagesthes Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Anthracosta Pruvost 1930
 Genus †Asiodictya Rohdendorf 1961
 Genus †Bathytaptus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Bojoptera Kukalová 1958
 Genus †Brongniartites Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Brongniartula Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Commentryites Handlirsch 1922
 Genus †Compsoneura Brongniart 1894
 Genus †Delafondia Langiaux and Parriat 1975
 Genus †Diexodus Handlirsch 1911
 Genus †Eumecoptera Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Eurydictyella Carpenter 1986
 Genus †Eurythmopteryx Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Gegenemene Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Haplophlebium Scudder 1867
 Genus †Heolus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Idoptilus Wootton 1972
 Genus †Kansasia Tillyard 1937
 Genus †Mammia Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Mecynoptera  Handlirsch 1904
 Genus †Mecynostomites Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Monsteropterum Kukalová-Peck 1972
 Genus †Palaiotaptus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Palapteris Guthörl 1940
 Genus †Paraboltonia Handlirsch 1922
 Genus †Paramecynostoma Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Paramegaptilus Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Platephemera Scudder 1867
 Genus †Propalingenia Handlirsch 1906
 Genus †Pseudomecynostoma Handlirsch 1919
 Genus †Pteronidia Bolton 1912
 Genus †Pyebrodia Brauckmann and Herd 2002
 Genus †Rochdalia Woodward 1913
 Genus †Saarlandia Guthörl 1930
 Genus †Sabitaptus Pruvost 1930
 Genus †Schedoneura Carpenter 1963
 Genus †Severinopsis Kukalová 1958
 Genus †Synaptoneura Pruvost 1919
 Genus †Titanophasma Brongniart 1882
 Genus †Turnbullia Richardson 1956

 Referensi 

Kategori:Insecta Karbon
Kategori:Insecta Perem
Kategori:Kemunculan pertama Pennsylvanium
Kategori:Kepunahan Lopingium
Kategori:Palaeodictyopteroidea