Briz (tahapan roket)

Briz-K, Briz-KM, dan Briz-M (bahasa Rusia: Бриз-К, КM, dan M yang berarti Breeze-K, KM, dan M) adalah roket propelan cair tahap atas Wahana tunda antariksa  penyisipan orbit Rusia yang diproduksi oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Produksi Luar Angkasa Negara Khrunichev dan digunakan pada Proton-M dan Angara A5. Tahap atas juga digunakan pada Rokot, salah satu peluncur terkecil Rusia, sebelum dipensiunkan pada tahun 2019. Tahap atas ini didukung oleh mesin S5.98M dengan bahan propelan pembakar N2O4 / UDMH

jmpl|Model tahap atas roket Briz M dan KM Rusia
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 Karakteristik 
 Briz-K dan Briz-KM 
Briz-K, indeks GRAU 14S12, adalah struktur satu bagian dengan kompartemen tangki berbentuk kerucut dan mesin yang terletak di ceruk tangki bahan bakar. Briz-KM (indeks GRAU 14S45) adalah versi perbaikan dari Briz-K. Briz-K dan Briz-KM digunakan sebagai tahap ketiga dari kendaraan peluncur Rokot.Proton/Breeze-M International Launch Services, retrieved on 23 March 2009 

 Briz-M 
Briz-M, indeks GRAU 14S43, dirancang untuk menyuntikkan muatan besar ke orbit geosinkron rendah, sedang-tinggi atau tinggi. Briz-M adalah tahap atas kembar yang terdiri dari modul inti (menggunakan Briz-KM sebagai dasar) dan tangki toroidal tambahan yang dapat dibuang yang mengelilingi inti. Ini didukung oleh mesin utama pompa gimbal, 14D30. Mesin utama dapat dihidupkan ulang 8 kali dalam penerbangan dan memungkinkan penempatan pesawat ruang angkasa yang presisi ke orbit. Masa pakai orbit Briz-M dibatasi oleh daya baterai onboard yang tersedia dan saat ini 24 jam. Total waktu misi Proton/Briz-M standar ke profil orbit geosinkron dari lepas landas hingga pemisahan pesawat ruang angkasa adalah sekitar 9,3 jam. Kendaraan peluncur Proton dengan tahap atas Briz-M juga dapat menyuntikkan muatan ke lintasan pelarian Bumi. 

Salah satu tujuan desain sistem adalah untuk menjaga dimensi keseluruhan sekecil mungkin. Briz-M membutuhkan lebih sedikit ruang di atas kendaraan peluncur dibandingkan dengan pendahulunya, tahap atas Block D, meninggalkan volume yang dibebaskan untuk kargo. Sebuah Proton dengan Briz-M dapat menempatkan satelit seberat 4.385 kg, seperti A2100AX, ke orbit target dengan apogee 35.786 km, perigee 7.030 km, dan inklinasi 17,3°.  Kemampuan angkat maksimum tahap Briz-M adalah 5.645 kg ke orbit transfer geosinkron dengan kecepatan sisa 1.500 m/s ke GSO. Peluncuran tandem beberapa wahana antariksa juga didukung, dengan kemampuan untuk menyuntikkan wahana antariksa ke orbit yang berbeda.

 Sejarah 
Penerbangan perdana Briz-M berlangsung pada tanggal 5 Juli 1999. Penerbangan tersebut gagal karena meledaknya tahap kedua roket pembawa. Penerbangan tersebut membawa satelit komunikasi sebagai muatannya.

Briz-M menyelesaikan penerbangan sukses pertamanya pada tanggal 6 Juni 2000, saat mengantarkan satelit komunikasi Gorizont ke orbit.

Rencananya Briz-M akan digunakan pada roket Angara versi A3 dan A5 di masa depan. 

 RiWayat peluncuran 
 Proton M/Briz M 
 # Tanggal peluncuran Konfigurasi Pelabuhan antariksa Hasil Muatan Catatan 1 5 July 1999 Proton-K/Briz-Me Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Raduga 1 communication satellite.  Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage 2 6 June 2000  Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Gorizont #45L communication satellite First successful flight of the Briz-M 3 7 April 2001 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekran-M #18L communications satellite Maiden flight of Proton-M 4 30 December 2002 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Nimiq 2 satellite 5 6 June 2003 Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Americom-9 communication satellite 6 10 December 2003 Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Three GLONASS positioning satellites (Kosmos -2402, -2403 and -2404 ) 7 15 March 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat W3A communications satellite 8 17 June 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Intelsat-10-02 communications satellite 9 5 August 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Amazonas 1 satellite Delivered into an elliptical transfer orbit 10 15 October 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AMC-15 communications satellite for SES Americom 11 3 February 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AMC-12 communications satellite for SES Americom 12 22 May 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Direc TV-8 satellite 13 8 September 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Anik-F1R satellite 14 29 December 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AMC-23 communications satellite 15 28 February 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Arabsat-4A communication satellite  A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris. 16 4 August 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Hot Bird 8 communications satellite Delivered into the geostationary orbit for the Eutelsat 17 8 November 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Arabsat-4B (Badr-4) communications satellite 18 11 December 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  MEASAT-3 Malaysian communications satellite 19 10 April 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Anik F3 satellite for Telesat of Canada 20 7 July 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  DirecTV-10 satellite 21 6 September 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  JCSAT-11 satellite  Proton-M with cargo crashed after second stage failure of a gimbal mechanism 22 18 November 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Sirus 4 communications satellite 23 9 December 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Raduga-1M #1 satellite 24 28 January 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Express AM33 satellite 25 11 February 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Thor 5 satellite 26 15 March 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AMC-14 satellite AMC-14 deployed into useless orbit Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine. 27 19 August 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches. 28 20 September 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Nimiq-4 satellite  29 6 November 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Astra 1M satellite 30 10 December 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ciel-2 satellite  31 11 February 2009  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Express-AM44 and Express-MD1 satellites 32 3 April 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat W2A satellite 33 16 May 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  ProtoStar 2 satellite 34 1 July 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Sirius FM-5 satellite  35 12 August 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Asiasat 5 satellite 36 17 September 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Nimiq-5 satellite 37 24 November 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat W7 satellite 38 29 December 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  DirecTV 12 satellite 39 28 January 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Raduga-1M/Globus-1M military/communication satellites 40 12 February 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Intelsat 16 satellite 41 20 March 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Echostar-14 satellite 42 24 April 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  SES-1 satellite 43 4 June 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  BADR-5 satellite 44 11 July 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  EchoStar-15 satellite 45 14 October 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Sirius XM-5 satellite 46 14 November 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  SkyTerra-1 communication satellite 47 27 December 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  KA-Sat communication satellite 48 20 May 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Telstar 14R satellite 49 16 July 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  KazSat-2 and SES-3 satellites 50 18 August 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekspress-AM4 satellite  Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn. 51 21 September 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Kosmos 2473 (Garpun) satellite 52 29 September 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  QuetzSat-1 satellite 53 19 October 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  ViaSat-1 satellite 54 4 November 2011  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  3 Glonass-M satellites. 55 25 November 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AsiaSat-7 communication satellite 56 11 December 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AMOS-5 (Spacecom) and Luch-5A satellites 57 14 February 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  SES-4 communication satellite 58 25 March 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Intelsat-22 communication satellite 59 24 April 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  YahSat 1B communication satellite 60 17 May 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Nimiq-6 communication satellite 61 9 July 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  SES-5 communication satellite 62 6 August 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 communication satellites  Briz-M failure 63 14 October 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Intelsat 23 communication satellite 64 3 November 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Luch-5B and Yamal-300K communication satellites 65 20 November 2012  Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  EchoStar-16 communication satellite 66 8 December 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan   Yamal-402 communication satellite Satellite placed close to designated orbit, it was possible to correct it Briz-M stage failure 67 26 March 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Satmex 8 communications satellite Satellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit 68 15 April 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Anik-G1 satellite 69 14 May 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat-3D satellite 70 3 June 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  SES-6 communication satellite Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit 71 30 September 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Astra-2E communication satellite Satellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit 72 25 October 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Sirius FM-6 satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit 73 12 November 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Raduga 1M #3 military communications satellite All telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit 74 8 December 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Inmarsat-5 F1 satellite Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit 75 26 December 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekspress AM-5 satellite 76 15 February 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Turksat-4A telecommunications satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit 77 16 March 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Express AT1 and Express AT2 telecommunications satellites Satellites deployed into Geostationary orbit 78 28 April 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Luch-5V and KazSat-3 communications satellites Satellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit 79 16 May 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekspress AM-4R satellite  Failed Proton-M third stage 80 28 September 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Olimp-K/Luch military communications satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit 81 21 October 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan   Ekspress-AM6 satellite Satellite placed close to designated orbit Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015 82 15 December 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Yamal 401 satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit 83 28 December 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Astra 2G satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit 84 1 February 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Inmarsat 5-F2 satellite Satellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit  85 19 March 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekspress AM-7 communications satellite Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit  86 16 May 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Mexsat-1 Centenario satellite  Third stage failure 87 28 August 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Inmarsat-5 F3 communication satellite 88 16 October 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Turksat-4B communication satellite 89 13 December 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Kosmos-2513 (Garpun-12L) military/communication satellite 90 25 December 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Ekspress-AMU1 communication satellite 91 30 January 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat-9B communication satellite 92 14 March 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  ExoMars-2016 Mars exploration/communication satellite 93 9 June 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Intelsat-31 (DLA-2) communications satellite 94 8 June 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  EchoStar 21 communications satellite 95 16 August 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Blagovest-11L communications satellite 96 11 September 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Amazonas 5 communications satellite 97 28 September 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  AsiaSat 9 communications satellite 98 18 April 2018 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Blagovest-12L military communications satellite 99 21 December 2018 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Blagovest-13L military communications satellite 100 30 May 2019 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Yamal-601 communications satellite 101 9 October 2019 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Kazakhstan  Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1 10230 July 2020Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanEkspress-80/Ekspress-10310313 December 2021Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanEkspress-AMU3/Ekspress-AMU710413 March 2023Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanOlymp-K №2

 Angara A5/Briz-M 
 # Tanggal peluncuran Konfigurasi Pelabuhan antariksa Hasil Muatan Catatan 1 23 December 2014 Angara A5/Briz-M Plesetsk, Russia  Dummy satellite Maiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle          Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage214 December 2020Angara A5/Briz-MPlesetsk, Russia Dummy satelliteSecond launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage

 Lihat pula 
 Penerbangan antariksa orbital
 Wahana tunda antariksa
 Roket tahap atas
 Satelit
 Roket
 Apogee motor
 Roket multitahap
 Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa
 Orbit
 Orbit geosinkron
 Orbit geostasioner
 Orbit transfer geostasioner
 Injeksi translunar
 Orbit transfer Hohmann
 Apsis, titik terjauh apogee atau terdekat perigee sebuah objek dari pusat tarik-menarik dalam orbit elips,
 Mesin roket
 Oksidator
 Propelan
 Hipergolik (propelan) mudah menyala spontan ketika kontak kombinai komponen propelan eperti bahan bakar dan oksidator.
  Hydrazine
  Dinitrogen tetroxide
 MMH Monomethylhydrazine
 UDMH Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
 LH2 Hidrogen cair
 LOX Oksigen cair
 RP-1 (Rocket Propellant 1 atau Refined Petroleum 1) bahan bakar cair untuk roket kendaraan peluncuran luar angkasa.
  Metana cair
 Kriogenik (bahan bakar) propelan cair pada temperatur yang sangat rendah berupa cair gas seperti hidrogen cair, untuk roket tahap pertama, tahap inti dan lainnya.
 Yuanzheng roket tahap atas CALT Tiongkok propelan hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4.
 Fregat (wahana antariksa) roket tahap atas Lavochkin Rusia propelan hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4.
 Delta Cryogenic Second Stage roket tahap atas Boeing United Launch Alliance Amerika SerikatMitsubishi Heavy Industries (Delta III) NASDA (design) Jepang propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX
 Centaur (tahapan roket) roket tahap atas United Launch Alliance Amerika Serikat propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX
 CTS (tahapan roket) roket tahap atas CALT Tiongkok propelan padat HTPB / AP (SRM) dan cair hidrazin (pendorong monopropelan)

 Referensi 

Kategori:Wahana antariksa
Kategori:Wahana antariksa Rusia
Kategori:Tahapan roket
Kategori:Roket tahap atas
Kategori:Wahana tunda antariksa
Kategori:Roket multitahap
Kategori:Penerbangan antariksa
Kategori:Khrunichev Center