Orkes Gesek

Orkestra gesek adalah orkestra yang hanya terdiri dari bagian gesek yang terdiri dari senar busur yang digunakan dalam musik Klasik Barat. Instrumen orkestra semacam itu paling sering adalah sebagai berikut: biola, yang dibagi menjadi pemain biola pertama dan kedua (masing-masing biasanya memainkan bagian yang berbeda), viola, selo, dan umumnya, tetapi tidak selalu, kontrabas .

Orkestra gesek dapat berupa orkestra ruang dengan ukuran yang berkisar antara 12 (4 biola pertama, 3 biola kedua, 2 viola, 2 selo dan 1 bas = 12) dan 21 musisi (6 biola pertama, 5 biola kedua, 4 viola, 4 selo dan 2 kontrabas = 21) terkadang tampil tanpa konduktor . Bisa juga terdiri dari seluruh bagian gesek dari orkestra simfoni besar yang dapat memiliki 60 musisi (16 biola pertama, 14 biola kedua, 12 viola, 10 selo dan 8 kontrabas = 60; Gurre-Lieder menyerukan 84: 20.20.16.16 .12). 

 Repertoar 

Repertoarnya mencakup beberapa karya Mozart (termasuk Eine kleine Nachtmusik ), William Boyce (delapan simfoninya hanya untuk string), dan Haydn yang membuang basso continuo barok . Beberapa dari karya ini bermasalah ketika memutuskan apakah karya tersebut untuk orkestra atau kuartet gesek . Khususnya dalam karya-karya awal Haydn, dikatakan bahwa inversi harmoni dari persilangan garis bass dan viola yang sesekali terjadi menyiratkan adanya double bass; tetapi pertanyaannya belum terselesaikan.

Karya-karya penting abad ke-20 telah ditulis untuk orkestra string oleh Bartók ( Divertimento for String Orchestra ), Stravinsky ( Apollo ), Witold Lutosławski ( Musique funèbre ), Benjamin Britten ( Simple Symphony and Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge ), Charles Wuorinen ( Grand Bamboula ), dan Malcolm Williamson ( Simfoni No.7 ). Sir Michael Tippett menulis Konserto untuk Double String Orchestra dan Ralph Vaughan Williams menulis Partita untuk Double String Orchestra . Komposer yang telah menulis Serenade untuk orkestra string termasuk Tchaikovsky, Dvořák, Suk dan Elgar . Mendelssohn, di masa mudanya, juga menulis tiga belas simfoni untuk orkestra gesek .

Kadang-kadang karya yang aslinya ditulis untuk kuartet gesek, kwintet, sextet, dll. diaransemen untuk orkestra gesek. Adagio for Strings karya Samuel Barber, 3 Pieces dari Lyric Suite karya Alban Berg, sextet string Arnold Schoenberg Verklärte Nacht dan String Quartet No. 2, sextet Souvenir de Florence karya Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, String Kedua karya John Corigliano Andante Festivo karya Quartet dan Jean Sibelius adalah contohnya. Bagian timpani opsional juga ditambahkan pada karya Sibelius. Karya Shaker Loops yang ditulis pada tahun 1978 untuk septet kemudian diaransemen pada tahun 1983 untuk orkestra gesek oleh komposer Amerika John Adams telah menjadi tambahan repertoar yang populer belakangan ini. Graham Waterhouse menyusun beberapa karya untuk orkestra gesek ( Sinfonietta ), juga dikombinasikan dengan suara kontras seperti Great Highland Bagpipe ( Chieftain's Salute ).

 Karya untuk orkestra gesek 

 Yalil Guerra: "Old Havana," "A la antigua," "Terra Ignota" (Unknown Land), "Clave," for strings and percussion, "El Retrato de la Paloma" (The Portrait of the Dove)-Latin GRAMMY nominated composition (2015), Symphony No. 2 for strings "Los Dioses del Olimpo" (The Olympian Gods), "Al Partir" (On Leaving) dedicated to Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, "Negro Bembón, dedicated to Nicolás Guillén.
 Giovanni Albini: Una teoria della prossimità (2006)
 Louis Andriessen: Symphony for Open Strings
 Lera Auerbach:
 String Symphony "Memoria de la Luz" (2013)
 Serenade for a Melancholic Sea for violin, violoncello, piano and string orchestra (2002)
 Dialogues of Stabat Mater (after G.B. Pergolesi) for violin, viola, vibraphone and string orchestra (2005)
 Maciej Bałenkowski:
 Sinfonietta no. 1 "Time is ticking" for string orchestra (2013/2014)
 Sinfonietta no. 2 "Polonia" - hommage à Wojciech Kilar for string orchestra (2017/2018)
 "Farewell" for string orchestra (2016)
 Granville Bantock: Celtic Symphony for string orchestra and six harps
 Samuel Barber: Adagio for Strings
 Béla Bartók: Divertimento for String Orchestra
 Romanian Dances for String Orchestra
 Mason Bates: Icarian Rhapsody (1999)
 Jeremy Beck: Sinfonietta (2000)
 Alan Belkin: Adagio Symphonique (2002)
 Luciano Berio: Notturno (1995)
 Leonard Bernstein: Serenade for Solo Violin, Strings, Harp and Percussion after Plato's "Symposium"
 Judith Bingham: The Hythe (2012)
 Georges Bizet: Adagietto, L'Arlesienne Suite No. 1 (1872)
 Ernest Bloch: Concerto Grosso No. 2
 Nimrod Borenstein
 In the night opus 48 (2007)
 In the morning opus 51 (2008)
 Symphony for strings opus 68 (2014)
 Suspended opus 69 (2014)
 Yodit opus 82 (2018)
 Pierre Boulez: Livre pour cordes
 Frank Bridge: Lament (1915)
 Benjamin Britten: Simple Symphony
 Stephen Brown:
 The Carol Suite (1993)
 Sunrise Serenade (2001)
 On the Idle Hill of Summer (2002)
 John Cage: Twenty-Three (for violins, violas, and cellos) Additionally, many of Cage's indeterminate scores could be arranged for string orchestra.
 Carlos Chávez: Symphony No. 5
 Nigel Clarke: The Miraculous Violin
 Anna Clyne:
 Within Her Arms (2009)
 Prince of Clouds (2012)
 Paul Creston: Gregorian Chant for String Orchestra (1936)
 Tansy Davies: Residuum
 David Diamond: Rounds for String Orchestra (1944)
 Avner Dorman: Concerto Grosso (2002–2003)
 Antonín Dvořák: Serenade for String Orchestra in E major, Op.22
 Edward Elgar:
 Introduction and Allegro for Strings (1905)
 Serenade for Strings
 Zoran Erić: Cartoon for Strings
 Irving Fine: Serious Song: A Lament for String Orchestra (1955)
 Gerald Finzi: Romance, Op. 11 (1928)
 Arthur Foote: Suite in E major for String Orchestra, Op. 63 (1909)
 Alberto Ginastera: Concerto per corde, Op. 33 (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra)
 Philip Glass: film score for The Hours (large string orchestra plus piano soloist)
 Henryk Gorecki: Three Pieces in Old Style (1963)
 Edvard Grieg: Holberg Suite (originally written for piano then arranged for string orchestra)
 Stefans Grové: Elegy for Strings (1948)
 Mark Gustavson: Hymn to the Vanished (2001)
 Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphony No. 4
 Victor Herbert: Serenade for Strings
 Alfred Hill: String Symphonies
 Gustav Holst:
 St Paul's Suite (1912)
 Brook Green Suite (1933)
 A Moorside Suite (1928)
 Arthur Honegger: Symphony No. 2
 Alan Hovhaness: Symphony No. 31 (1976–77)
 Ketil Hvoslef: Serenata for Strings
 Charles Ives: The Call of the Mountains (arranged by Jonathan Dore from the String Quartet No. 2)
 Stephen Jablonsky: String Thing (2018) A serenade in six movements
 The Old Man and the Sea (2018)
 Arirang (2008)
 Karl Jenkins: <i id="mwASA">Palladio</i> (1996)
 David Johnstone: more than 20 published works for string orchestra
 Paul Juon: Five Pieces for String Orchestra, op.16
 Vasily Kalinnikov: Serenade for Strings in G minor
 Mieczyslaw Karlowicz: Serenade for Strings Op. 2 (1897)
 Nigel Keay: Serenade for Strings
 Uuno Klami: Suite for String Orchestra (1937)
 Sophie Lacaze:
 Y aparece el sol (2017) for flute, didgeridoo and string orchestra
 Immobilité sérieuse I (2013) for piano and string orchestra
 Kenneth Leighton:
 Symphony for Strings, Op. 3 (1948-49)
 Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 39 (1960-61)
 Elizabeth Maconchy: Symphony for Double String Orchestra (1952–53)
 Gustav Mahler: Adagietto from Symphony No. 5.
 Gian Francesco Malipiero: Symphony No. 6 "Degli Archi" (1947)
 Andrew March: Sanguis Venenatus (Tainted Blood) Elegy for Strings (2009)
 Bohuslav Martinů: Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano, and Timpani
 Nicholas Maw: Life Studies
 Felix Mendelssohn:
 13 String Symphonies
 Concerto for Violin and Strings
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
 Three Concertos for Piano and Strings in D major, G major and E major, K. 107 (1771 or 1765)
 Divertimento No. 1 for Strings in D major, K. 136/125a (1772)
 Divertimento No. 2 for Strings in B major, K. 137/125b (1772)
 Divertimento No. 3 for Strings in F major, K. 138/125c (1772)
 Eine kleine Nachtmusik (1787)
 Lior Navok: Between Two Coasts
 Ștefan Niculescu: Formants (1967), for 17 solo strings
 Robert Paterson:
 Suite for String Orchestra (2011)
 I See You (for String Orchestra and Recording) (2015)
 Vincent Persichetti: Symphony No. 5
 Allan Pettersson:
 Concerto No. 1 (1949–50)
 Concerto No. 2 (1956)
 Concerto No. 3 (1956–57)
 Ottorino Respighi: Ancient Airs and Dances, Suite No. 3 (1932)
 Carl Ruggles: Portals
 Aulis Sallinen: Aspects of the Funeral March of Hintriki Peltoniemi (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra)
 Esa-Pekka Salonen: Stockholm Diary (2004)
 Arnold Schoenberg: Verklärte Nacht or Transfigured Night (1899) (originally written for string sextet then arranged for string orchestra)
 Franz Schreker: Scherzo for String Orchestra (1900)
 Intermezzo for String Orchestra (Opus 8, 1900)
 William Schuman: Symphony No. 5
 Jean Sibelius: Andante Festivo for strings and timpani
 Richard St. Clair Symphony for String Orchestra
 Richard Strauss: Metamorphosen for 23 solo strings
 Igor Stravinsky:
 Concerto in D (1946)
 Apollon Musagète (1927–1928), ballet for string orchestra
 Josef Suk: Serenade for Strings, op. 6 (1892)
 William Susman:
 Zydeco Madness
 Angels of Light
 Tōru Takemitsu: Requiem (1957)
 "A Way a Lone II" (1981)
 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Serenade for Strings in C major, Op. 48
 Dimitri Tchesnokov: Réminiscence d'après la symphonie pour cordes
 Michael Tippett:
 Concerto for Double String Orchestra
 Corelli Fantasia
 Little Music for Strings
 Robin Toan: dans la nuit (2006)
 Joan Trimble: "Suite for Strings" (1951)
 Peteris Vasks:
 Cantabile (1979)
 Musica Dolorosa (1984)
 Ralph Vaughan Williams:
 Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis
 Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus
 Concerto Grosso
 Heitor Villa-Lobos: <i id="mwAdQ">Bachianas Brasileiras No.9</i>
 Carl Vine: Smith's Alchemy
 Claude Vivier: Zipangu (1980)
 Julian Wagstaff: Treptow for String Orchestra (2005)
 George Walker: Lyric for Strings (1946)
 William Walton: Sonata for Strings
 Robert Ward: Concertino for String Orchestra (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra)
 Graham Waterhouse:
 Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp (1995, 1997)
 Sinfonietta (2002)
 Anthony Watson: Prelude and Allegro for Strings (1960)
 Malcolm Williamson:
 Epitaphs for Edith Sitwell (1966/72)
 Ode for Queen Elizabeth (1980)
 Lento for Strings (1985)
 Dag Wirén: Serenade for Strings
 John Woolrich:
 Blue Drowning (2005)
 It is Midnight Dr. Schweitzer
 To the Silver Bow, double concerto for viola, double bass and strings (2014)
 Ulysses Awakes
 Charles Wuorinen: Grand Bamboula
 Iannis Xenakis: Pithoprakta for 46 strings, 2 trombones, wood block and xylophone.
 Takashi Yoshimatsu: Threnody to Toki for Piano and String Orchestra (1980)
 Đuro Živković:
 Serenade (2002)
 PSALM XIII (2014)
 Ellen Taaffe Zwilich:
 Partita (Violin Concerto No. 2) for Violin and String Orchestra (2000)
 Commedia dell'arte (Violin Concerto No. 3) for Violin and String Orchestra (2012)
 Prologue and Variations (1983)

 Peralatan 

 Biola (1,2)
 Viola
 Selo
 Kontrabas

 Referensi 

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Kategori:Orkestra