Perbandingan kendaraan luar angkasa berawak

Sejumlah pesawat ruang angkasa yang berbeda telah digunakan untuk membawa orang ke dan dari luar angkasa .

Kode tabel 
Pesawat luar angkasa dalam pengembanganPesawat ruang angkasa dalam operasiPensiunan pesawat luar angkasaMuatan Ke / Dari the ISS§Berawak (Tak berawak)[Termasuk Kegagalan]

Kendaraan luar angkasa orbital

Pesawat luar angkasaAsalManufakturJangkauan Sistem peluncurJumlah kruPanjang (m)Diameter (m)Bobot peluncur (kg)Sistem dayaMuatan (kg) Penerbangan pertama §Penerbangan terakhirPenerbangan § Mercury  McDonnell AircraftNorth American Aviation LEOattained Redstone MRLVAtlas LV-3B    1,400 Baterai  (1960)  (12)Including 2 suborbital flights, not including boilerplate tests Gemini  McDonnell AircraftMartin LEO Titan II GLVTitan IIICOne uncrewed launch on Titan IIIC ahead of proposed use in MOL programme    3,790 Sel bahan bakar  (1964)  (2) Apollo  North American AviationGrumman and Douglas Lunar Saturn IBSaturn V     5,500 CM + 14,700 LM + 24,500 Service Module Sel bahan bakar  (1966)  (4)Not including boilerplate tests Space Shuttle orbiter  United Space Alliance LEO Space Shuttle No missions carried more than eight astronauts, although higher crew sizes were theoretically possible, for example recovering the crew of a stranded orbiter.  Wingspan 23.79m  Sel bahan bakar /16,000   Includes two fatal accidents; STS-51-L disintegrated during ascent, STS-107 damaged during ascent, disintegrated during reentry. Soyuz 7K-T  OKB-1 LEO SoyuzSoyuz-U    Baterai    (4)Crewed flights include one launch failure - abort during third stage flight, recovered after suborbital flight Voskhod  OKB-1 LEO Voskhod Able to carry three cosmonauts without spacesuits, or two with spacesuits; both combinations flown   5,682 Baterai  (1964)   (3) Vostok  OKB-1 LEOfirst Vostok-K     Baterai  (1960)   (7)Uncrewed flight count includes two launch failures Soyuz 7K-OK  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz    Panel surya  (1966)   (8)Crewed flights include one fatal in-flight failure; Soyuz 1 lost due to parachute failure upon landing. Soyuz 7KT-OK  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz    Panel surya   Crewed flights include one fatal in-flight failure; Soyuz 11 depressurised during reentry. Soyuz 7K-T-AF  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz    Panel surya    Soyuz 7K-TM  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-U    Panel surya    (2) Soyuz 7K-MF6  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-U    Panel surya    Soyuz-T  OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-USoyuz-U2    Panel surya    (6)Crewed flights include one launch failure (SAS (launch escape system) used ~70 seconds before planned liftoff due to fire on launch pad - crew survived) Soyuz-TM  RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-U2Soyuz-U    Panel surya    (1) Buran  RKK Energia LEO Energia   Sel bahan bakar N/A    (1) Soyuz-TMA11F732  RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-FG    Panel surya    Soyuz TMA-M11F747  RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-FG     Panel surya    Shenzhou  China Academy of Space Technology LEO Chang Zheng 2F     Panel surya  (1999) Active (4) Soyuz MS  RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-2.1a    Panel surya  Active  Crew Dragon  SpaceX LEO Falcon 9     Panel surya /  () Active 5 () CST-100 Starliner  Boeing LEO multiple, initially Atlas V  Each mission in the Commercial Crew Program will send up to four astronauts to the ISS     Panel surya Planned:  () Testing  () Orion  Lockheed MartinAstrium Lunar, Mars Delta IV HeavySpace Launch System     8,900 capsule + 12,300 service module Panel surya  (2014) Testing  Including uncrewed test around 2014 Next-gen crew spacecraft  China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation LEO, Lunar  Long March 5B
921 Rocket     Panel surya  Testing (1) Gaganyaan  Hindustan Aeronautics Limited LEO GSLV Mk III     Panel surya   Planned Starship  SpaceX Solar SystemDesigned to land almost everywhere in the solar system Super Heavy  Number of seats will be lower on early missions    Plus delta wings   Panel surya  Planned: 2022(Planned: )  Testing  Orel  RKK Energia Lunar Irtysh (rocket)Angara A5  Panel surya Planned:  Planned  Dream Chaser  Sierra Nevada Corporation LEO multiple, initially Atlas V      TBA Planned  Biconic Space Vehicle  Blue Origin LEO New Glenn TBA Planned 

Kendaraan luar angkasa suborbital

Pesawat antariksa Asal Manufaktur Jangkauan Sistem peluncur Jumlah kru Panjang (m) Diameter (m) Bobot peluncur (kg) Sistem daya Daya listrik (W) Penerbangan pertama § Penerbangan terakhir Penerbangan § SpaceShipOne  Scaled Composites 112 kmX Prize White KnightHybrid Motor  8.53 8.05 3,600   Does not include crewed atmospheric flights X-15  North American Aviation 108 kmaltitude B-52Ammonia-LOX  15.45 6.8 15,420 Does not include only-U.S.-recognized spaceflights  Does not include atmospheric flights, or missions considered spaceflights by the US definition but not the FAI's definition SpaceShipTwo  The Spaceship Company 90 km White Knight TwoRocketMotorTwo 2 crew + 6 passengers 18.3 8.3 9,740 December 13, 2018 Does not include crewed atmospheric flightsSpica RocketCopenhagen Suborbitals105 kmBPM10011314,100Baterai2025Early Development0 New Shepard  Blue Origin 119 kmNew Shepard
BE-3  (2015)4 (14) Chinese winged rocket  ? 100 km TBD 5      Planned:20200

Catatan

 Referensi 

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