Émile Combes

Émile Justin Louis Combes (; ) adalah seorang negarawan Prancis juga FreemasonryCe que la France doit aux francs-maçons (Laurent KUPFERMAN and Emmanuel PIERRAT - Grund ed. - 2012)Dictionnaire universel de la Franc-Maçonnerie (Monique Cara, Jean-Marc Cara and Marc de Jode - Larousse ed. - 2011)Histoire de la Franc-Maçonnerie française (Pierre Chevallier, Fayard ed., 1975) yang memimpin kabinet Bloc des gauches dari Juni 1902 hingga Januari 1905.

Referensi

Sumber
 Akan, Murat. The Politics of Secularism: Religion, Diversity, and Institutional Change in France and Turkey (2017).
 Arnal, Oscar L. "Why the French Christian Democrats Were Condemned." Church History 49.2 (1980): 188–202. online
 Coffey, Joan L. "Of Catechisms and Sermons: Church-State Relations in France, 1890–1905." Church history 66.1 (1997): 54–66.  online
 McManners, John. Church and State in France, 1870–1914 (Harper & Row, 1972), pp. 125–55.
 Mayeur, Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Rebérioux. The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871-1914 (1984), pp. 227–44
 Merle, Gabriel. Emile Combes (1995), p. 1, 662 p.; standard biography, in French
 Partin, Malcolm. Waldeck-Rousseau, Combes, and the Church: the Politics of Anticlericalism, 1899–1905 (1969)
 Sabatier, Paul. Disestablishment in France (1906) online

Pranala luar
 Cartoons 

Kategori:Politikus Prancis
Kategori:Perdana Menteri Prancis