Lysander Spooner

Lysander Spooner (19 Januari 1808 – 14 Mei 1887) adalah anarkis individualis Amerika Serikat. Dia juga seorang abolisionis, pengusaha, esais, teoretikus hukum, pamfeltis, filsuf politik, unitarian, penulis dan anggota Internasional Pertama.

Spooner adalah pendukung kuat gerakan buruh, antiotoritarian, dan anarkis individualis dalam pandangan politiknya.Martin, James J. (1953). Men Against the State: The Expositers of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827–1908. "Lysander Spooner, Dissident Among Dissidents". Auburn: Mises Institute. pp. 167–201. .Rosemont, Henry Jr. (2015). Against Individualism: A Confucian Rethinking of the Foundations of Morality, Politics, Family, and Religion. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 78. . Ideologi ekonomi dan politiknya sering kali diidentifikasi sebagai sosialisme libertarian dan mutualisme.Swartz, Clarence Lee (1945). What Is Mutualism? Modern Publishers. p. 126.Marshall, Peter (2009). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. Oakland: PM Press. p. 387. .Morris, Brian (2015). Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader. Oakland: PM Press. p. 208. . Tulisan-tulisannya berkontribusi pada perkembangan teori politik baik libertarian kiri dan libertarian kanan dalam libertarianisme di Amerika Serikat.Miller, David, ed. (1987). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. p. 290. . "A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker."MacSaorsa, Iain. "The Ideas of Lysander Spooner — Libertarian or libertarian socialist?". Spunk Library. December 3, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2019 – via The Anarchist Library.

Tulisan Spooner termasuk buku abolisionis, The Unconstitutionality of Slavery dan No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority yang menentang tuduhan makar terhadap separatis.Smith, George H. (1992). The Lysander Spooner Reader. p. xix.Raico, Ralph. "Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great". Ludwig von Mises Institute. March 29, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2019. Spooner juga dikenal karena berkompetisi dengan Layanan Pos Amerika Serikat dengan perusahaannya, American Letter Mail Company. Namun, kompetisi ini berakhir setelah masalah hukum dengan pemerintah federal.Krohn, Raymond James (Summer 2007). "The Limits of Jacksonian Liberalism: Individualism, Dissent, and the Gospel of Andrew According to Lysander Spooner". Journal of Libertarian Studies. 21 (2): 46–47.

 Publikasi 
Hampir semua tulisan Spooner terdapat di kompilasi enam volume, The Collected Works of Lysander Spooner (1971). Pengecualian paling menonjol yaitu Vices Are Not Crimes, yang tidak dikenal luas sampai penerbitan ulangnya pada 1977.
 "The Deist's Immortality, and An Essay on Man's Accountability for His Belief" (1834)
 "The Deist's Reply to the Alleged Supernatural Evidences of Christianity" (1836)
 "Constitutional Law, Relative to Credit, Currency, and Banking" (1843)
 "The Unconstitutionality of the Laws of Congress, Prohibiting Private Mails" (1844)
 The Unconstitutionality of Slavery (1845)
 "Poverty: Its Illegal Causes, and Legal Cure" (1846)
 "Illegality of the Trial of John W. Webster" (1850)
 "An Essay on Trial by Jury" (1852)
 "The Law of Intellectual Property" (1855)
 "A Plan for the Abolition of Slavery, and To the Non-Slaveholders of the South" (1858)
 "Address of the Free Constitutionalists to the People of the United States" (1860)
 "A New System of Paper Currency" (1861)
 "A Letter to Charles Sumner" (1864)
 "Considerations for Bankers, and Holders of United States Bonds" (1864)
 No Treason No. I (1870)
 No Treason No. II: The Constitution (1870)
 [http://files.libertyfund.org/files/2194/Spooner_1485_Bk.pdf No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority] (1870)
 "Forced Consent" (1873)
 "Vices Are Not Crimes: A Vindication of Moral Liberty" (1875)
 "Our Financiers: Their Ignorance, Usurpations and Frauds" (1877)
 "Gold and Silver as Standards of Value: The Flagrant Cheat in Regard to Them" (1878)
 "Natural Law, or the Science of Justice" (1882)
 "A Letter to Thomas F. Bayard" (1882)
 "A Letter to Scientists and Inventors, on the Science of Justice" (1884)
 "A Letter to Grover Cleveland, on His False Inaugural Address, the Usurpations and Crimes of Lawmakers and Judges, and the Consequent Poverty, Ignorance, and Servitude of the People" (1886)
 "Two Treatises on Competitive Currency and Banking"  (2018)

 Materi arsip 
Terdapat koleksi surat yang ditulis Spooner di Perpustakaan Umum Boston dan Masyarakat Sejarah New York.

 Lihat pula 

 Abolisionisme di Amerika Serikat
 Filsafat Amerika
 Anarkisme individualis
 Anarkisme pasar bebas
 Libertarianisme kiri
 Anarkisme pasar sayap kiri
 Sosialisme libertarian
 Daftar filsuf Amerika
 Sosialisme pasar
 Mutualisme (teori ekonomi)
 Mutualisme (gerakan)
 Hak kodrati dan hak ikhtiyari
 Hukum alam

 Referensi 

 Bacaan lebih lanjut 



 Pranala luar 

 LysanderSpooner.org, website khusus




 Reason Magazine

Kategori:Kelahiran 1808
Kategori:Kematian 1887
Kategori:Abolisionis Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Anarkis Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Aktivis antiperang Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Pebisnis Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Deis Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Aktivis hak senjata Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Penulis hukum Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Libertarian Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Penulis nonfiksi laki-laki Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Wartawan Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Filsuf politik Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Penulis politik Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Sosialis Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Teoretikus anarkis
Kategori:Filsuf deis
Kategori:Anarkis individualis
Kategori:Penghapusan juri
Kategori:Libertarian kiri
Kategori:Sosialis libertarian
Kategori:Teoretikus libertarian
Kategori:Pengacara Amerika Serikat
Kategori:Nonintervensionisme
Kategori:Jurnalis opini
Kategori:Penulis filsafat
Kategori:Penulis dari Massachusetts